메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 28, 2014, Pages 9468-9475

Ulcerative colitis as a polymicrobial infection characterized by sustained broken mucus barrier

Author keywords

Bacteria; Etiology; Infection; Mucus; Ulcerative colitis

Indexed keywords

PROBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 84908471774     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9468     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (46)

References (99)
  • 2
    • 43049094428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia
    • [PMID: 18431013]
    • Sood A, Midha V. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia. Indian J Gastroenterol 2007; 26: 285-289 [PMID: 18431013]
    • (2007) Indian J Gastroenterol , vol.26 , pp. 285-289
    • Sood, A.1    Midha, V.2
  • 3
    • 84876009364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of Bauhinia tomentosa on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis by regulating antioxidant and inflammatory mediators
    • [PMID: 23538025]
    • Kannan N, Guruvayoorappan C. Protective effect of Bauhinia tomentosa on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis by regulating antioxidant and inflammatory mediators. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16: 57-66 [PMID: 23538025 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.03.008]
    • (2013) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 57-66
    • Kannan, N.1    Guruvayoorappan, C.2
  • 4
    • 84880321288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesalazine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 23767798]
    • Criscuoli V, Modesto I, Orlando A, Cottone M. Mesalazine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14: 1669-1678 [PMID: 23767798 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.808622]
    • (2013) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.14 , pp. 1669-1678
    • Criscuoli, V.1    Modesto, I.2    Orlando, A.3    Cottone, M.4
  • 5
    • 33644995445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: Adherence issues in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 16480396]
    • Kane SV. Systematic review: adherence issues in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23: 577-585 [PMID: 16480396]
    • (2006) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.23 , pp. 577-585
    • Kane, S.V.1
  • 6
    • 78649647805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic drift. "omics"as the filtering gateway between environment and phenotype: The inflammatory bowel diseases example
    • [PMID: 21108388]
    • Kellermayer R. Genetic drift. "Omics"as the filtering gateway between environment and phenotype: The inflammatory bowel diseases example. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A: 3022-3025 [PMID: 21108388 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33726]
    • (2010) Am J Med Genet A , vol.152 A , pp. 3022-3025
    • Kellermayer, R.1
  • 7
    • 43549110706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interplay of commensal and pathogenic bacteria, genetic mutations, and immunoregulatory defects in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases
    • [PMID: 18479259]
    • Packey CD, Sartor RB. Interplay of commensal and pathogenic bacteria, genetic mutations, and immunoregulatory defects in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. J Intern Med 2008; 263: 597-606 [PMID: 18479259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01962.x]
    • (2008) J Intern Med , vol.263 , pp. 597-606
    • Packey, C.D.1    Sartor, R.B.2
  • 8
    • 34248136340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical aspects and established and evolving therapies
    • [PMID: 17499606]
    • Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ. Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and established and evolving therapies. Lancet 2007; 369: 1641-1657 [PMID: 17499606]
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 1641-1657
    • Baumgart, D.C.1    Sandborn, W.J.2
  • 9
    • 0036141470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 11781268]
    • Hendrickson BA, Gokhale R, Cho JH. Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 79-94 [PMID: 11781268]
    • (2002) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.15 , pp. 79-94
    • Hendrickson, B.A.1    Gokhale, R.2    Cho, J.H.3
  • 10
    • 79952748335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two mucus layers of colon are organized by the MUC2 mucin, whereas the outer layer is a legislator of host-microbial interactions
    • [PMID: 20615996]
    • Johansson ME, Larsson JM, Hansson GC. The two mucus layers of colon are organized by the MUC2 mucin, whereas the outer layer is a legislator of host-microbial interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108 Suppl 1: 4659-4665 [PMID: 20615996 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006451107]
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.108 , pp. 4659-4665
    • Johansson, M.E.1    Larsson, J.M.2    Hansson, G.C.3
  • 12
    • 84856098171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of mucus layers in gut infection and inflammation
    • [PMID: 22177113]
    • Hansson GC. Role of mucus layers in gut infection and inflammation. Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15: 57-62 [PMID: 22177113 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.11.002]
    • (2012) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.15 , pp. 57-62
    • Hansson, G.C.1
  • 14
    • 70349911044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of intestinal mucins in innate host defense mechanisms against pathogens
    • [PMID: 20375571]
    • Dharmani P, Srivastava V, Kissoon-Singh V, Chadee K. Role of intestinal mucins in innate host defense mechanisms against pathogens. J Innate Immun 2009; 1: 123-135 [PMID: 20375571 DOI: 10.1159/000163037]
    • (2009) J Innate Immun , vol.1 , pp. 123-135
    • Dharmani, P.1    Srivastava, V.2    Kissoon-Singh, V.3    Chadee, K.4
  • 15
    • 58149129189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucin dynamics in intestinal bacterial infection
    • [PMID: 19088856]
    • Lindén SK, Florin TH, McGuckin MA. Mucin dynamics in intestinal bacterial infection. PLoS One 2008; 3: e3952 [PMID: 19088856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003952]
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3 , pp. e3952
    • Lindén, S.K.1    Florin, T.H.2    McGuckin, M.A.3
  • 17
    • 77954492495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal flora in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis - An overview
    • [PMID: 20224153]
    • Swidsinski A, Loening-Baucke V, Herber A. Mucosal flora in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis - an overview. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60 Suppl 6: 61-71 [PMID: 20224153]
    • (2009) J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.60 , pp. 61-71
    • Swidsinski, A.1    Loening-Baucke, V.2    Herber, A.3
  • 18
    • 84866173368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of inflammatory bowel disease: A unified hypothesis
    • [PMID: 22553395]
    • Qin X. Etiology of inflammatory bowel disease: a unified hypothesis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 1708-1722 [PMID: 22553395 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i15.1708]
    • (2012) World J Gastroenterol , vol.18 , pp. 1708-1722
    • Qin, X.1
  • 19
    • 80052872019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-α and Muc2 mucin play major roles in disease onset and progression in dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis
    • [PMID: 21949848]
    • Dharmani P, Leung P, Chadee K. Tumor necrosis factor-α and Muc2 mucin play major roles in disease onset and progression in dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis. PLoS One 2011; 6: e25058 [PMID: 21949848 DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0025058]
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , pp. e25058
    • Dharmani, P.1    Leung, P.2    Chadee, K.3
  • 20
    • 84867278742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of the gel-forming MUC2 mucin and its O-glycosylation in the protection against colitis and colorectal cancer
    • [PMID: 23037153]
    • Kawashima H. Roles of the gel-forming MUC2 mucin and its O-glycosylation in the protection against colitis and colorectal cancer. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35: 1637-1641 [PMID: 23037153]
    • (2012) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.35 , pp. 1637-1641
    • Kawashima, H.1
  • 21
    • 84876220788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal protection by phosphatidylcholine as new therapeutic concept in ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 23585269]
    • Stremmel W. [Mucosal protection by phosphatidylcholine as new therapeutic concept in ulcerative colitis]. Z Gastroenterol 2013; 51: 384-389 [PMID: 23585269 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1335042]
    • (2013) Z Gastroenterol , vol.51 , pp. 384-389
    • Stremmel, W.1
  • 22
    • 77958170401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal goblet cells and mucins in health and disease: Recent insights and progress
    • [PMID: 20703838]
    • Kim YS, Ho SB. Intestinal goblet cells and mucins in health and disease: recent insights and progress. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2010; 12: 319-330 [PMID: 20703838 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-010-0131-2]
    • (2010) Curr Gastroenterol Rep , vol.12 , pp. 319-330
    • Kim, Y.S.1    Ho, S.B.2
  • 25
    • 84860241737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 22324936]
    • Gersemann M, Wehkamp J, Stange EF. Innate immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease. J Intern Med 2012; 271: 421-428 [PMID: 22324936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02515.x]
    • (2012) J Intern Med , vol.271 , pp. 421-428
    • Gersemann, M.1    Wehkamp, J.2    Stange, E.F.3
  • 26
    • 79956306866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of hath1 gene expression directly regulated by hes1 via notch signaling is associated with goblet cell depletion in ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 21987298]
    • Zheng X, Tsuchiya K, Okamoto R, Iwasaki M, Kano Y, Sakamoto N, Nakamura T, Watanabe M. Suppression of hath1 gene expression directly regulated by hes1 via notch signaling is associated with goblet cell depletion in ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17: 2251-2260 [PMID: 21987298 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21611]
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 2251-2260
    • Zheng, X.1    Tsuchiya, K.2    Okamoto, R.3    Iwasaki, M.4    Kano, Y.5    Sakamoto, N.6    Nakamura, T.7    Watanabe, M.8
  • 27
    • 80051507729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From intestinal stem cells to inflammatory bowel diseases
    • [PMID: 21912468]
    • Gersemann M, Stange EF, Wehkamp J. From intestinal stem cells to inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 3198-3203 [PMID: 21912468 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17. i27.3198]
    • (2011) World J Gastroenterol , vol.17 , pp. 3198-3203
    • Gersemann, M.1    Stange, E.F.2    Wehkamp, J.3
  • 28
    • 84864012522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast renewal of the distal colonic mucus layers by the surface goblet cells as measured by in vivo labeling of mucin glycoproteins
    • [PMID: 22815896]
    • Johansson ME. Fast renewal of the distal colonic mucus layers by the surface goblet cells as measured by in vivo labeling of mucin glycoproteins. PLoS One 2012; 7: e41009 [PMID: 22815896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041009]
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e41009
    • Johansson, M.E.1
  • 30
    • 84888270161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lecithin as a therapeutic agent in ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 24246994]
    • Stremmel W, Gauss A. Lecithin as a therapeutic agent in ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis 2013; 31: 388-390 [PMID: 24246994 DOI: 10.1159/000354707]
    • (2013) Dig Dis , vol.31 , pp. 388-390
    • Stremmel, W.1    Gauss, A.2
  • 31
    • 67650482005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commensal bacteria can enter colonic epithelial cells and induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion: A possible pathogenic mechanism of ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 19369513]
    • Ohkusa T, Yoshida T, Sato N, Watanabe S, Tajiri H, Okayasu I. Commensal bacteria can enter colonic epithelial cells and induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion: a possible pathogenic mechanism of ulcerative colitis. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58: 535-545 [PMID: 19369513 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.005801-0]
    • (2009) J Med Microbiol , vol.58 , pp. 535-545
    • Ohkusa, T.1    Yoshida, T.2    Sato, N.3    Watanabe, S.4    Tajiri, H.5    Okayasu, I.6
  • 35
    • 84884204411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and orocecal transit time in patients of inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 23649377]
    • Rana SV, Sharma S, Malik A, Kaur J, Prasad KK, Sinha SK, Singh K. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and orocecal transit time in patients of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58: 2594-2598 [PMID: 23649377 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2694-x]
    • (2013) Dig Dis Sci , vol.58 , pp. 2594-2598
    • Rana, S.V.1    Sharma, S.2    Malik, A.3    Kaur, J.4    Prasad, K.K.5    Sinha, S.K.6    Singh, K.7
  • 36
    • 0036378418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fusobacterium varium localized in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis stimulates species-specific antibody
    • [PMID: 12164960]
    • Ohkusa T, Sato N, Ogihara T, Morita K, Ogawa M, Okayasu I. Fusobacterium varium localized in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis stimulates species-specific antibody. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17: 849-853 [PMID: 12164960]
    • (2002) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.17 , pp. 849-853
    • Ohkusa, T.1    Sato, N.2    Ogihara, T.3    Morita, K.4    Ogawa, M.5    Okayasu, I.6
  • 38
    • 79959582756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Campylobacter concisus and other Campylobacter species in colonic biopsies from adults with ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 21738679]
    • Mukhopadhya I, Thomson JM, Hansen R, Berry SH, El-Omar EM, Hold GL. Detection of Campylobacter concisus and other Campylobacter species in colonic biopsies from adults with ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2011; 6: e21490 [PMID: 21738679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021490]
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , pp. e21490
    • Mukhopadhya, I.1    Thomson, J.M.2    Hansen, R.3    Berry, S.H.4    El-Omar, E.M.5    Hold, G.L.6
  • 39
    • 73549118714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Campylobacter jejuni induces transcellular translocation of commensal bacteria via lipid rafts
    • [PMID: 19338680]
    • Kalischuk LD, Inglis GD, Buret AG. Campylobacter jejuni induces transcellular translocation of commensal bacteria via lipid rafts. Gut Pathog 2009; 1: 2 [PMID: 19338680 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-1-2]
    • (2009) Gut Pathog , vol.1 , pp. 2
    • Kalischuk, L.D.1    Inglis, G.D.2    Buret, A.G.3
  • 40
    • 48849095428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor inhibits Campylobacter jejuni-induced claudin-4 disruption, loss of epithelial barrier function, and Escherichia coli translocation
    • [PMID: 18490463]
    • Lamb-Rosteski JM, Kalischuk LD, Inglis GD, Buret AG. Epidermal growth factor inhibits Campylobacter jejuni-induced claudin-4 disruption, loss of epithelial barrier function, and Escherichia coli translocation. Infect Immun 2008; 76: 3390-3398 [PMID: 18490463 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01698-07]
    • (2008) Infect Immun , vol.76 , pp. 3390-3398
    • Lamb-Rosteski, J.M.1    Kalischuk, L.D.2    Inglis, G.D.3    Buret, A.G.4
  • 41
    • 79958799781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from gut biopsies of newly diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 21674703]
    • Sepehri S, Khafipour E, Bernstein CN, Coombes BK, Pilar AV, Karmali M, Ziebell K, Krause DO. Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from gut biopsies of newly diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17: 1451-1463 [PMID: 21674703 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21509]
    • (2011) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.17 , pp. 1451-1463
    • Sepehri, S.1    Khafipour, E.2    Bernstein, C.N.3    Coombes, B.K.4    Pilar, A.V.5    Karmali, M.6    Ziebell, K.7    Krause, D.O.8
  • 42
    • 2942532596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of enterohepatic Helicobacter species in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 15184464]
    • Bohr UR, Glasbrenner B, Primus A, Zagoura A, Wex T, Malfertheiner P. Identification of enterohepatic Helicobacter species in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 2766-2768 [PMID: 15184464]
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol , vol.42 , pp. 2766-2768
    • Bohr, U.R.1    Glasbrenner, B.2    Primus, A.3    Zagoura, A.4    Wex, T.5    Malfertheiner, P.6
  • 44
    • 0036147862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteroides ovatus as the predominant commensal intestinal microbe causing a systemic antibody response in inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 11777829]
    • Saitoh S, Noda S, Aiba Y, Takagi A, Sakamoto M, Benno Y, Koga Y. Bacteroides ovatus as the predominant commensal intestinal microbe causing a systemic antibody response in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002; 9: 54-59 [PMID: 11777829]
    • (2002) Clin Diagn Lab Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 54-59
    • Saitoh, S.1    Noda, S.2    Aiba, Y.3    Takagi, A.4    Sakamoto, M.5    Benno, Y.6    Koga, Y.7
  • 45
    • 4544348026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative composition of bacteria in the human intestinal microflora during remission and active ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 15460067]
    • Bullock NR, Booth JC, Gibson GR. Comparative composition of bacteria in the human intestinal microflora during remission and active ulcerative colitis. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2004; 5: 59-64 [PMID: 15460067]
    • (2004) Curr Issues Intest Microbiol , vol.5 , pp. 59-64
    • Bullock, N.R.1    Booth, J.C.2    Gibson, G.R.3
  • 46
    • 78149341679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel patients exhibit distinct abnormalities of the gut microbiota
    • [PMID: 21073731]
    • Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Kemsley EK, Lund EK, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Narbad A. Ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel patients exhibit distinct abnormalities of the gut microbiota. BMC Gastroenterol 2010; 10: 134 [PMID: 21073731 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230X-10-134]
    • (2010) BMC Gastroenterol , vol.10 , pp. 134
    • Noor, S.O.1    Ridgway, K.2    Scovell, L.3    Kemsley, E.K.4    Lund, E.K.5    Jamieson, C.6    Johnson, I.T.7    Narbad, A.8
  • 49
    • 3242664636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis
    • [PMID: 15260992]
    • Rakoff-Nahoum S, Paglino J, Eslami-Varzaneh F, Edberg S, Medzhitov R. Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell 2004; 118: 229-241 [PMID: 15260992]
    • (2004) Cell , vol.118 , pp. 229-241
    • Rakoff-Nahoum, S.1    Paglino, J.2    Eslami-Varzaneh, F.3    Edberg, S.4    Medzhitov, R.5
  • 50
    • 33646265743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The front line of enteric host defense against unwelcome intrusion of harmful microorganisms: Mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiota
    • [PMID: 16614252]
    • Liévin-Le Moal V, Servin AL. The front line of enteric host defense against unwelcome intrusion of harmful microorganisms: mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiota. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006; 19: 315-337 [PMID: 16614252]
    • (2006) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.19 , pp. 315-337
    • Liévin-Le Moal, V.1    Servin, A.L.2
  • 51
    • 67650394385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteomic analyses of the two mucus layers of the colon barrier reveal that their main component, the Muc2 mucin, is strongly bound to the Fcgbp protein
    • [PMID: 19432394]
    • Johansson ME, Thomsson KA, Hansson GC. Proteomic analyses of the two mucus layers of the colon barrier reveal that their main component, the Muc2 mucin, is strongly bound to the Fcgbp protein. J Proteome Res 2009; 8: 3549-3557 [PMID: 19432394 DOI: 10.1021/pr9002504]
    • (2009) J Proteome Res , vol.8 , pp. 3549-3557
    • Johansson, M.E.1    Thomsson, K.A.2    Hansson, G.C.3
  • 53
    • 38449104720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal integrity and Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucindegrading member of the intestinal microbiota present in infants, adults, and the elderly
    • [PMID: 17933936]
    • Collado MC, Derrien M, Isolauri E, de Vos WM, Salminen S. Intestinal integrity and Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucindegrading member of the intestinal microbiota present in infants, adults, and the elderly. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73: 7767-7770 [PMID: 17933936]
    • (2007) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.73 , pp. 7767-7770
    • Collado, M.C.1    Derrien, M.2    Isolauri, E.3    De Vos, W.M.4    Salminen, S.5
  • 54
    • 2942691956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting a grip on things: How do communities of bacterial symbionts become established in our intestine?
    • [PMID: 15164016]
    • Sonnenburg JL, Angenent LT, Gordon JI. Getting a grip on things: how do communities of bacterial symbionts become established in our intestine? Nat Immunol 2004; 5: 569-573 [PMID: 15164016]
    • (2004) Nat Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 569-573
    • Sonnenburg, J.L.1    Angenent, L.T.2    Gordon, J.I.3
  • 55
    • 54449083567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria
    • [PMID: 18806221]
    • Johansson ME, Phillipson M, Petersson J, Velcich A, Holm L, Hansson GC. The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 15064-15069 [PMID: 18806221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803124105]
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 15064-15069
    • Johansson, M.E.1    Phillipson, M.2    Petersson, J.3    Velcich, A.4    Holm, L.5    Hansson, G.C.6
  • 57
    • 66549123465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butyrate enemas upregulate Muc genes expression but decrease adherent mucus thickness in mice colon
    • [PMID: 18198997]
    • Gaudier E, Rival M, Buisine MP, Robineau I, Hoebler C. Butyrate enemas upregulate Muc genes expression but decrease adherent mucus thickness in mice colon. Physiol Res 2009; 58: 111-119 [PMID: 18198997]
    • (2009) Physiol Res , vol.58 , pp. 111-119
    • Gaudier, E.1    Rival, M.2    Buisine, M.P.3    Robineau, I.4    Hoebler, C.5
  • 59
    • 78049494627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular proteins secreted by probiotic bacteria as mediators of effects that promote mucosa-bacteria interactions
    • [PMID: 20864471]
    • Sánchez B, Urdaci MC, Margolles A. Extracellular proteins secreted by probiotic bacteria as mediators of effects that promote mucosa-bacteria interactions. Microbiology 2010; 156: 3232-3242 [PMID: 20864471 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.044057-0]
    • (2010) Microbiology , vol.156 , pp. 3232-3242
    • Sánchez, B.1    Urdaci, M.C.2    Margolles, A.3
  • 60
    • 0036792490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide induces overexpression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in cultured biliary epithelial cells: Possible key phenomenon of hepatolithiasis
    • [PMID: 12368220]
    • Zen Y, Harada K, Sasaki M, Tsuneyama K, Katayanagi K, Yamamoto Y, Nakanuma Y. Lipopolysaccharide induces overexpression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in cultured biliary epithelial cells: possible key phenomenon of hepatolithiasis. Am J Pathol 2002; 161: 1475-1484 [PMID: 12368220]
    • (2002) Am J Pathol , vol.161 , pp. 1475-1484
    • Zen, Y.1    Harada, K.2    Sasaki, M.3    Tsuneyama, K.4    Katayanagi, K.5    Yamamoto, Y.6    Nakanuma, Y.7
  • 61
    • 84874594379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immunity modulation by the IL-33/ST2 system in intestinal mucosa
    • [PMID: 23484079]
    • García-Miguel M, González MJ, Quera R, Hermoso MA. Innate immunity modulation by the IL-33/ST2 system in intestinal mucosa. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013: 142492 [PMID: 23484079 DOI: 10.1155/2013/142492]
    • (2013) Biomed Res Int , vol.2013 , pp. 142492
    • García-Miguel, M.1    González, M.J.2    Quera, R.3    Hermoso, M.A.4
  • 62
    • 66249129571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twin studies reveal specific imbalances in the mucosa-associated microbiota of patients with ileal Crohn's disease
    • [PMID: 19023901]
    • Willing B, Halfvarson J, Dicksved J, Rosenquist M, Järnerot G, Engstrand L, Tysk C, Jansson JK. Twin studies reveal specific imbalances in the mucosa-associated microbiota of patients with ileal Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15: 653-660 [PMID: 19023901 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20783]
    • (2009) Inflamm Bowel Dis , vol.15 , pp. 653-660
    • Willing, B.1    Halfvarson, J.2    Dicksved, J.3    Rosenquist, M.4    Järnerot, G.5    Engstrand, L.6    Tysk, C.7    Jansson, J.K.8
  • 64
    • 34547684651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-mediated inflammation disrupts the intestinal microbiota and promotes the overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae
    • [PMID: 18005726]
    • Lupp C, Robertson ML, Wickham ME, Sekirov I, Champion OL, Gaynor EC, Finlay BB. Host-mediated inflammation disrupts the intestinal microbiota and promotes the overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae. Cell Host Microbe 2007; 2: 119-129 [PMID: 18005726]
    • (2007) Cell Host Microbe , vol.2 , pp. 119-129
    • Lupp, C.1    Robertson, M.L.2    Wickham, M.E.3    Sekirov, I.4    Champion, O.L.5    Gaynor, E.C.6    Finlay, B.B.7
  • 66
    • 84893029775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased proportions of Bifidobacterium and the Lactobacillus group and loss of butyrate-producing bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease
    • [PMID: 24478468]
    • Wang W, Chen L, Zhou R, Wang X, Song L, Huang S, Wang G, Xia B. Increased proportions of Bifidobacterium and the Lactobacillus group and loss of butyrate-producing bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52: 398-406 [PMID: 24478468 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01500-13]
    • (2014) J Clin Microbiol , vol.52 , pp. 398-406
    • Wang, W.1    Chen, L.2    Zhou, R.3    Wang, X.4    Song, L.5    Huang, S.6    Wang, G.7    Xia, B.8
  • 67
    • 84879053204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations in butyrate-producing bacteria in ulcerative colitis patients of North India
    • [PMID: 23801832]
    • Kumari R, Ahuja V, Paul J. Fluctuations in butyrate-producing bacteria in ulcerative colitis patients of North India. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 3404-3414 [PMID: 23801832 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i22.3404]
    • (2013) World J Gastroenterol , vol.19 , pp. 3404-3414
    • Kumari, R.1    Ahuja, V.2    Paul, J.3
  • 69
    • 84873176222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gram-negative bacteria account for main differences between faecal microbiota from patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls
    • [PMID: 22968374]
    • Vigsnæs LK, Brynskov J, Steenholdt C, Wilcks A, Licht TR. Gram-negative bacteria account for main differences between faecal microbiota from patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. Benef Microbes 2012; 3: 287-297 [PMID: 22968374 DOI: 10.3920/BM2012.0018]
    • (2012) Benef Microbes , vol.3 , pp. 287-297
    • Vigsnæs, L.K.1    Brynskov, J.2    Steenholdt, C.3    Wilcks, A.4    Licht, T.R.5
  • 70
    • 84872791148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium leptum group bacteria abundance and diversity in the fecal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study in India
    • [PMID: 23351032]
    • Kabeerdoss J, Sankaran V, Pugazhendhi S, Ramakrishna BS. Clostridium leptum group bacteria abundance and diversity in the fecal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study in India. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13: 20 [PMID: 23351032 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230X-13-20]
    • (2013) BMC Gastroenterol , vol.13 , pp. 20
    • Kabeerdoss, J.1    Sankaran, V.2    Pugazhendhi, S.3    Ramakrishna, B.S.4
  • 73
    • 78049501532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time analysis of mucosal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in India
    • [PMID: 20861337]
    • Verma R, Verma AK, Ahuja V, Paul J. Real-time analysis of mucosal flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in India. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48: 4279-4282 [PMID: 20861337 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01360-10]
    • (2010) J Clin Microbiol , vol.48 , pp. 4279-4282
    • Verma, R.1    Verma, A.K.2    Ahuja, V.3    Paul, J.4
  • 74
    • 84892737232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphatereducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a proteinrich diet
    • [PMID: 23941288]
    • Khalil NA, Walton GE, Gibson GR, Tuohy KM, Andrews SC. In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphatereducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a proteinrich diet. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65: 79-88 [PMID: 23941288 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.825700]
    • (2014) Int J Food Sci Nutr , vol.65 , pp. 79-88
    • Khalil, N.A.1    Walton, G.E.2    Gibson, G.R.3    Tuohy, K.M.4    Andrews, S.C.5
  • 75
    • 84866914800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus reuteri maintains a functional mucosal barrier during DSS treatment despite mucus layer dysfunction
    • [PMID: 23029509]
    • Dicksved J, Schreiber O, Willing B, Petersson J, Rang S, Phillipson M, Holm L, Roos S. Lactobacillus reuteri maintains a functional mucosal barrier during DSS treatment despite mucus layer dysfunction. PLoS One 2012; 7: e46399 [PMID: 23029509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046399]
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e46399
    • Dicksved, J.1    Schreiber, O.2    Willing, B.3    Petersson, J.4    Rang, S.5    Phillipson, M.6    Holm, L.7    Roos, S.8
  • 76
    • 84861753753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus crispatus M206119 exacer-bates murine DSS-colitis by interfering with inflammatory responses
    • [PMID: 22654425]
    • Zhou FX, Chen L, Liu XW, Ouyang CH, Wu XP, Wang XH, Wang CL, Lu FG. Lactobacillus crispatus M206119 exacer-bates murine DSS-colitis by interfering with inflammatory responses. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 2344-2356 [PMID: 22654425 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i19.2344]
    • (2012) World J Gastroenterol , vol.18 , pp. 2344-2356
    • Zhou, F.X.1    Chen, L.2    Liu, X.W.3    Ouyang, C.H.4    Wu, X.P.5    Wang, X.H.6    Wang, C.L.7    Lu, F.G.8
  • 77
    • 0037240425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical applications of advances in the genetics of IBD
    • [PMID: 12684584]
    • Sartor RB. Clinical applications of advances in the genetics of IBD. Rev Gastroenterol Disord 2003; 3 Suppl 1: S9-17 [PMID: 12684584]
    • (2003) Rev Gastroenterol Disord , vol.3 , pp. S9-17
    • Sartor, R.B.1
  • 78
    • 17144383927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable phenotypes of enterocolitis in interleukin 10-deficient mice monoassociated with two different commensal bacteria
    • [PMID: 15825073]
    • Kim SC, Tonkonogy SL, Albright CA, Tsang J, Balish EJ, Braun J, Huycke MM, Sartor RB. Variable phenotypes of enterocolitis in interleukin 10-deficient mice monoassociated with two different commensal bacteria. Gastroenterology 2005; 128: 891-906 [PMID: 15825073]
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 891-906
    • Kim, S.C.1    Tonkonogy, S.L.2    Albright, C.A.3    Tsang, J.4    Balish, E.J.5    Braun, J.6    Huycke, M.M.7    Sartor, R.B.8
  • 79
    • 34447517430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the use of probiotics and prebiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of clinical trials
    • [PMID: 17637082]
    • Hedin C, Whelan K, Lindsay JO. Evidence for the use of probiotics and prebiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of clinical trials. Proc Nutr Soc 2007; 66: 307-315 [PMID: 17637082]
    • (2007) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.66 , pp. 307-315
    • Hedin, C.1    Whelan, K.2    Lindsay, J.O.3
  • 80
    • 84859918761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of intervention studies in adult patients
    • [PMID: 22512365]
    • Jonkers D, Penders J, Masclee A, Pierik M. Probiotics in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of intervention studies in adult patients. Drugs 2012; 72: 803-823 [PMID: 22512365 DOI: 10.2165/11632710-0000000 00-00000]
    • (2012) Drugs , vol.72 , pp. 803-823
    • Jonkers, D.1    Penders, J.2    Masclee, A.3    Pierik, M.4
  • 81
    • 49549110965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics
    • [PMID: 18461293]
    • de Vrese M, Schrezenmeir J. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2008; 111: 1-66 [PMID: 18461293 DOI: 10.1007/10-2008-097]
    • (2008) Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol , vol.111 , pp. 1-66
    • De Vrese, M.1    Schrezenmeir, J.2
  • 82
    • 79952061363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in inflammatory bowel diseases and associated conditions
    • [PMID: 22254095]
    • Mack DR. Probiotics in inflammatory bowel diseases and associated conditions. Nutrients 2011; 3: 245-264 [PMID: 22254095 DOI: 10.3390/nu3020245]
    • (2011) Nutrients , vol.3 , pp. 245-264
    • MacK, D.R.1
  • 83
    • 4444242774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens
    • [PMID: 15374659]
    • Servin AL. Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2004; 28: 405-440 [PMID: 15374659]
    • (2004) FEMS Microbiol Rev , vol.28 , pp. 405-440
    • Servin, A.L.1
  • 84
    • 34848880458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of commercial probiotic strains against human pathogen adhesion to intestinal mucus
    • [PMID: 17897389]
    • Collado MC, Meriluoto J, Salminen S. Role of commercial probiotic strains against human pathogen adhesion to intestinal mucus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 45: 454-460 [PMID: 17897389]
    • (2007) Lett Appl Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 454-460
    • Collado, M.C.1    Meriluoto, J.2    Salminen, S.3
  • 85
    • 21844447644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: Possible mechanisms of action
    • [PMID: 15930982]
    • Dotan I, Rachmilewitz D. Probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: possible mechanisms of action. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2005; 21: 426-430 [PMID: 15930982]
    • (2005) Curr Opin Gastroenterol , vol.21 , pp. 426-430
    • Dotan, I.1    Rachmilewitz, D.2
  • 88
    • 84855355717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised clinical trial: The effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 rectal enema in children with active distal ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 22150569]
    • Oliva S, Di Nardo G, Ferrari F, Mallardo S, Rossi P, Patrizi G, Cucchiara S, Stronati L. Randomised clinical trial: the effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 rectal enema in children with active distal ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 327-334 [PMID: 22150569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04939.x]
    • (2012) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.35 , pp. 327-334
    • Oliva, S.1    Di Nardo, G.2    Ferrari, F.3    Mallardo, S.4    Rossi, P.5    Patrizi, G.6    Cucchiara, S.7    Stronati, L.8
  • 89
    • 79955109038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of probiotic bifidobacterium and galacto-oligosaccharide in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled study
    • [PMID: 21525768]
    • Ishikawa H, Matsumoto S, Ohashi Y, Imaoka A, Setoyama H, Umesaki Y, Tanaka R, Otani T. Beneficial effects of probiotic bifidobacterium and galacto-oligosaccharide in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled study. Digestion 2011; 84: 128-133 [PMID: 21525768 DOI: 10.1159/000322977]
    • (2011) Digestion , vol.84 , pp. 128-133
    • Ishikawa, H.1    Matsumoto, S.2    Ohashi, Y.3    Imaoka, A.4    Setoyama, H.5    Umesaki, Y.6    Tanaka, R.7    Otani, T.8
  • 90
    • 77956563659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of probiotics on proinflammatory cytokines and NF-kappaB activation in ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 20806430]
    • Hegazy SK, El-Bedewy MM. Effect of probiotics on proinflammatory cytokines and NF-kappaB activation in ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 4145-4151 [PMID: 20806430 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i33.4145]
    • (2010) World J Gastroenterol , vol.16 , pp. 4145-4151
    • Hegazy, S.K.1    El-Bedewy, M.M.2
  • 91
    • 79955636576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal administration of Lactobacillus casei DG modifies flora composition and Tolllike receptor expression in colonic mucosa of patients with mild ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 20737210]
    • D'Incà R, Barollo M, Scarpa M, Grillo AR, Brun P, Vettorato MG, Castagliuolo I, Sturniolo GC. Rectal administration of Lactobacillus casei DG modifies flora composition and Tolllike receptor expression in colonic mucosa of patients with mild ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56: 1178-1187 [PMID: 20737210 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1384-1]
    • (2011) Dig Dis Sci , vol.56 , pp. 1178-1187
    • D'Incà, R.1    Barollo, M.2    Scarpa, M.3    Grillo, A.R.4    Brun, P.5    Vettorato, M.G.6    Castagliuolo, I.7    Sturniolo, G.C.8
  • 92
    • 77950797408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial: Probiotic treatment of acute distal ulcerative colitis with rectally administered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN)
    • [PMID: 20398311]
    • Matthes H, Krummenerl T, Giensch M, Wolff C, Schulze J. Clinical trial: probiotic treatment of acute distal ulcerative colitis with rectally administered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). BMC Complement Altern Med 2010; 10: 13 [PMID: 20398311 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-13]
    • (2010) BMC Complement Altern Med , vol.10 , pp. 13
    • Matthes, H.1    Krummenerl, T.2    Giensch, M.3    Wolff, C.4    Schulze, J.5
  • 93
    • 63049108842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of synbiotic versus probiotic or prebiotic treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 19201576]
    • Fujimori S, Gudis K, Mitsui K, Seo T, Yonezawa M, Tanaka S, Tatsuguchi A, Sakamoto C. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of synbiotic versus probiotic or prebiotic treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis. Nutrition 2009; 25: 520-525 [PMID: 19201576 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.11.017]
    • (2009) Nutrition , vol.25 , pp. 520-525
    • Fujimori, S.1    Gudis, K.2    Mitsui, K.3    Seo, T.4    Yonezawa, M.5    Tanaka, S.6    Tatsuguchi, A.7    Sakamoto, C.8
  • 95
    • 59749088586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a probiotic preparation (VSL#3) on induction and maintenance of remission in children with ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 19174792]
    • Miele E, Pascarella F, Giannetti E, Quaglietta L, Baldassano RN, Staiano A. Effect of a probiotic preparation (VSL#3) on induction and maintenance of remission in children with ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104: 437-443 [PMID: 19174792 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2008.118]
    • (2009) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.104 , pp. 437-443
    • Miele, E.1    Pascarella, F.2    Giannetti, E.3    Quaglietta, L.4    Baldassano, R.N.5    Staiano, A.6
  • 96
    • 84872105003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a probiotic preparation (VSL#3) in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis
    • [PMID: 22926120]
    • Lee JH, Moon G, Kwon HJ, Jung WJ, Seo PJ, Baec TY, Lee JH, Kim HS. [Effect of a probiotic preparation (VSL#3) in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis]. Korean J Gastroenterol 2012; 60: 94-101 [PMID: 22926120]
    • (2012) Korean J Gastroenterol , vol.60 , pp. 94-101
    • Lee, J.H.1    Moon, G.2    Kwon, H.J.3    Jung, W.J.4    Seo, P.J.5    Baec, T.Y.6    Lee, J.H.7    Kim, H.S.8
  • 97
    • 1642322304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the effect of dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis by the administration of different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
    • [PMID: 15104378]
    • Osman N, Adawi D, Ahrne S, Jeppsson B, Molin G. Modulation of the effect of dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis by the administration of different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49: 320-327 [PMID: 15104378]
    • (2004) Dig Dis Sci , vol.49 , pp. 320-327
    • Osman, N.1    Adawi, D.2    Ahrne, S.3    Jeppsson, B.4    Molin, G.5
  • 98
    • 34548170544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus casei BL23 producing or not a manganesedependant catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice
    • [PMID: 17659075]
    • Rochat T, Bermúdez-Humarán L, Gratadoux JJ, Fourage C, Hoebler C, Corthier G, Langella P. Anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus casei BL23 producing or not a manganesedependant catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Microb Cell Fact 2007; 6: 22 [PMID: 17659075]
    • (2007) Microb Cell Fact , vol.6 , pp. 22
    • Rochat, T.1    Bermúdez-Humarán, L.2    Gratadoux, J.J.3    Fourage, C.4    Hoebler, C.5    Corthier, G.6    Langella, P.7
  • 99
    • 33847138191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactobacillus fermentum BR11, a potential new probiotic, alleviates symptoms of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats
    • [PMID: 17150273]
    • Geier MS, Butler RN, Giffard PM, Howarth GS. Lactobacillus fermentum BR11, a potential new probiotic, alleviates symptoms of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 114: 267-274 [PMID: 17150273]
    • (2007) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.114 , pp. 267-274
    • Geier, M.S.1    Butler, R.N.2    Giffard, P.M.3    Howarth, G.S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.