메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 1-12

Mental health of victims of sexual violence in eastern Congo: Associations with daily stressors, stigma, and labeling

Author keywords

Adolescent girls; Daily stressors; Labeling rape; Mental health; Stigmatization; War

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT HEALTH; ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; CHILD; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; CONGO; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENTAL HEALTH; NON CONSENSUAL SEXUAL VIOLENCE; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; POPULATION RESEARCH; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; RAPE; SELF REPORT; SEXUAL VIOLENCE; SOCIAL STIGMA; SOCIAL STRESS; VICTIM; CRIME VICTIM; MENTAL STRESS; NOMENCLATURE; PSYCHOLOGY; SEXUAL CRIME; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; WAR; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84908305583     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726874     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-106     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 29844447778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a nationwide survey
    • Coghlan B, Brennan R, Ngoy P, Dofara D, Otto B, Clements M, Stewart T. Mortality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a nationwide survey. Lancet 2006, 367(9504):44-51. 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)67923-3, 16399152.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , Issue.9504 , pp. 44-51
    • Coghlan, B.1    Brennan, R.2    Ngoy, P.3    Dofara, D.4    Otto, B.5    Clements, M.6    Stewart, T.7
  • 2
    • 84908270021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • War is not over yet: community perceptions of sexual violence and its underpinnings in Eastern DRC
    • [Accessed August 8, 2011]
    • Dolan C. War is not over yet: community perceptions of sexual violence and its underpinnings in Eastern DRC. Int Alert 2010, http://www.international-alert.org/sites/default/files/publications/1011WarIsNotYetOverEng.pdf. [Accessed August 8, 2011].
    • (2010) Int Alert
    • Dolan, C.1
  • 3
    • 50349101033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Displacement and ethnic reintegration in Ituri, DRCongo: challenges ahead
    • Pottier J. Displacement and ethnic reintegration in Ituri, DRCongo: challenges ahead. J Mod Afr Stud 2008, 46(3):427-450.
    • (2008) J Mod Afr Stud , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 427-450
    • Pottier, J.1
  • 4
    • 3242790801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The politics of rebellion and intervention in Ituri: the emergence of a new political complex?
    • Vlassenroot K, Raeymaekers T. The politics of rebellion and intervention in Ituri: the emergence of a new political complex?. Afr Aff 2004, 103(412):385-412.
    • (2004) Afr Aff , vol.103 , Issue.412 , pp. 385-412
    • Vlassenroot, K.1    Raeymaekers, T.2
  • 5
    • 84908280375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • " Now, the world is without me" : an investigation of sexual violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
    • [Accessed July 20, 2010]
    • Bartels S, VanRooyen M, Leaning J, Scott J, Kelly J. " Now, the world is without me" : an investigation of sexual violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Harv Humanitarian Initiat Oxfam Int 2010, http://hhi.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/publications/hhi-oxfam%20drc%20gbv%20report.pdf. [Accessed July 20, 2010].
    • (2010) Harv Humanitarian Initiat Oxfam Int
    • Bartels, S.1    VanRooyen, M.2    Leaning, J.3    Scott, J.4    Kelly, J.5
  • 7
    • 0038604776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York; NY: Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Watch
    • Human Rights Watch Kosovo: Rape as a Weapon of " Ethnic Cleansing" 2000, New York; NY: Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Watch.
    • (2000) Kosovo: Rape as a Weapon of " Ethnic Cleansing"
  • 9
    • 33746605531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in sexual violence during war
    • Wood EJ. Variation in sexual violence during war. Polit Soc 2006, 34(3):307-41.
    • (2006) Polit Soc , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 307-341
    • Wood, E.J.1
  • 10
    • 84908271673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Security Council Resolution 1820 (2008) [On Acts Of Sexual Violence Against Civilians In Armed Conflicts]
    • [Accessed December 2, 2012, UN Security Council
    • UN Security Council Security Council Resolution 1820 (2008) [On Acts Of Sexual Violence Against Civilians In Armed Conflicts]. S/RES/1820 2008, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/485bbca72.html. [Accessed December 2, 2012, UN Security Council.
    • (2008) S/RES/1820
  • 11
    • 79956374195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates and determinants of sexual violence in the democratic Republic of the Congo
    • Peterman A, Palermo T, Bredenkamp C. Estimates and determinants of sexual violence in the democratic Republic of the Congo. Am J Public Health 2011, 101(6):1060-1067. 10.2105/AJPH.2010.300070, 3093289, 21566049.
    • (2011) Am J Public Health , vol.101 , Issue.6 , pp. 1060-1067
    • Peterman, A.1    Palermo, T.2    Bredenkamp, C.3
  • 13
    • 79956348495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soldiers Who Rape, Commanders Who Condone: Sexual Violence And Military Reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo
    • New York: Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Watch
    • Human Rights Watch Soldiers Who Rape, Commanders Who Condone: Sexual Violence And Military Reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo. 2009, New York: Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Watch.
    • (2009)
  • 14
    • 74049090485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rape with extreme violence: the wew pathology in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
    • Mukwege DM, Nangini C. Rape with extreme violence: the wew pathology in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS Med 2009, 6:e1000204. 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000204, 2791171, 20027215.
    • (2009) PLoS Med , vol.6 , pp. e1000204
    • Mukwege, D.M.1    Nangini, C.2
  • 15
    • 79951734634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rape as weapon of War in the Eastern DRC? The Victims' perspective
    • Maedl A. Rape as weapon of War in the Eastern DRC? The Victims' perspective. Human Rights Q 2011, 33:128-147.
    • (2011) Human Rights Q , vol.33 , pp. 128-147
    • Maedl, A.1
  • 17
    • 84857081968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of sexual violence on children in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
    • Nelson BD, Collins L, VanRooyen MJ, Joyce N, Mukwege D, Bartels S. Impact of sexual violence on children in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Med Confl Surviv 2011, 27(4):211-225. 10.1080/13623699.2011.645148, 22416569.
    • (2011) Med Confl Surviv , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 211-225
    • Nelson, B.D.1    Collins, L.2    VanRooyen, M.J.3    Joyce, N.4    Mukwege, D.5    Bartels, S.6
  • 18
    • 84929719302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fond De Commerce? Sexual Violence Assistance In The Democratic Republic Of Congo
    • Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen University, Disaster Studies
    • Douma N, Hilhorst D. Fond De Commerce? Sexual Violence Assistance In The Democratic Republic Of Congo. Occasional Paper no. 2 2012, Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen University, Disaster Studies.
    • (2012) Occasional Paper no. 2
    • Douma, N.1    Hilhorst, D.2
  • 20
    • 77955288334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in territories of the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
    • Johnson K, Scott J, Rughita B, Kisielewski M, Asher J, Ong R, Lawry L. Association of sexual violence and human rights violations with physical and mental health in territories of the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. JAMA 2010, 304(5):553-562. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1086, 10.1001/jama.2010.1086, 20682935.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , Issue.5 , pp. 553-562
    • Johnson, K.1    Scott, J.2    Rughita, B.3    Kisielewski, M.4    Asher, J.5    Ong, R.6    Lawry, L.7
  • 21
    • 84970110069 scopus 로고
    • The psychological impact of rape
    • Resick PA. The psychological impact of rape. J Interpers Violence 1993, 8:223-255.
    • (1993) J Interpers Violence , vol.8 , pp. 223-255
    • Resick, P.A.1
  • 22
    • 0344982867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of social support in well-being and coping with self-reported stressful events in adolescents
    • Bal S, Crombez G, Van Oost P, Deboudeaudhuij I. The role of social support in well-being and coping with self-reported stressful events in adolescents. Child Abuse Negl 2003, 27(12):1377-1395. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.06.002, 14644056.
    • (2003) Child Abuse Negl , vol.27 , Issue.12 , pp. 1377-1395
    • Bal, S.1    Crombez, G.2    Van Oost, P.3    Deboudeaudhuij, I.4
  • 23
    • 0036549169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's trauma and adjustment reactions to violent and nonviolent war experiences
    • Allwood MA, Bell-Dolan D, Husain SA. Children's trauma and adjustment reactions to violent and nonviolent war experiences. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002, 41(4):450-457. 10.1097/00004583-200204000-00018, 11931602.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 450-457
    • Allwood, M.A.1    Bell-Dolan, D.2    Husain, S.A.3
  • 24
    • 69949183631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological model of the impact of sexual assault on women's mental health
    • Campbell R, Dworkin E, Cabral G. An ecological model of the impact of sexual assault on women's mental health. Trauma Violence Abuse 2009, 10:225-246. 10.1177/1524838009334456, 19433406.
    • (2009) Trauma Violence Abuse , vol.10 , pp. 225-246
    • Campbell, R.1    Dworkin, E.2    Cabral, G.3
  • 25
    • 42049087818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental health of Somali adolescent refugees: the role of trauma, stress and perceived discrimination
    • Ellis H, MacDonald H, Lincoln A, Cabral H. Mental health of Somali adolescent refugees: the role of trauma, stress and perceived discrimination. J Consult Clin Psychol 2008, 76(2):184-193.
    • (2008) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.76 , Issue.2 , pp. 184-193
    • Ellis, H.1    MacDonald, H.2    Lincoln, A.3    Cabral, H.4
  • 26
    • 58049083058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily stressors, war experiences, and mental health in Afghanistan
    • Miller KE, Omidian P, Rasmussen A, Yaqubi A, Daudzai H. Daily stressors, war experiences, and mental health in Afghanistan. Transcult Psychiatry 2008, 45(4):611-638. 10.1177/1363461508100785, 19091728.
    • (2008) Transcult Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 611-638
    • Miller, K.E.1    Omidian, P.2    Rasmussen, A.3    Yaqubi, A.4    Daudzai, H.5
  • 27
    • 70649105585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks
    • Miller KE, Rasmussen A. War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks. Soc Sci Med 2010, 70:7-16. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.029, 19854552.
    • (2010) Soc Sci Med , vol.70 , pp. 7-16
    • Miller, K.E.1    Rasmussen, A.2
  • 28
    • 49249087286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of combatant status and sexual violence with health and mental health outcomes in postconflict Liberia
    • Johnson K, Asher J, Rosborough S, Raja A, Panjabi R, Beadling C, Lawry L. Association of combatant status and sexual violence with health and mental health outcomes in postconflict Liberia. JAMA 2008, 300(6):676-690. 10.1001/jama.300.6.676, 18698066.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , Issue.6 , pp. 676-690
    • Johnson, K.1    Asher, J.2    Rosborough, S.3    Raja, A.4    Panjabi, R.5    Beadling, C.6    Lawry, L.7
  • 29
    • 84857164878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'If your husband doesn't humiliate you, other people won't': gendered attitudes towards sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
    • Kelly J, Kabanga J, Cragin W, Alcayna-Stevens L, Haider S, Vanrooyen MJ. 'If your husband doesn't humiliate you, other people won't': gendered attitudes towards sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Glob Public Health 2012, 7(3):285-298. 10.1080/17441692.2011.585344, 21660787.
    • (2012) Glob Public Health , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 285-298
    • Kelly, J.1    Kabanga, J.2    Cragin, W.3    Alcayna-Stevens, L.4    Haider, S.5    Vanrooyen, M.J.6
  • 30
    • 84856523919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiences of female survivors of sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: a mixed-methods study
    • [Accessed February 12, 2012]
    • Kelly JT, Betancourt TS, Mukwege D, Lipton R, VanRooyen MJ. Experiences of female survivors of sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: a mixed-methods study. Confl Heal 2011, 5(25). http://www.conflictandhealth.com/content/5/1/25 [Accessed February 12, 2012].
    • (2011) Confl Heal , vol.5 , Issue.25
    • Kelly, J.T.1    Betancourt, T.S.2    Mukwege, D.3    Lipton, R.4    VanRooyen, M.J.5
  • 31
    • 77956551221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using social norms to reduce men's rape proclivity: perceived rape myth acceptance of out-groups may be more influential than that of in-groups
    • Bohner G, Pina A, Viki Tendayi G, Siebler F. Using social norms to reduce men's rape proclivity: perceived rape myth acceptance of out-groups may be more influential than that of in-groups. Psychol Crime Law 2010, 16(8):671-693.
    • (2010) Psychol Crime Law , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 671-693
    • Bohner, G.1    Pina, A.2    Viki Tendayi, G.3    Siebler, F.4
  • 32
    • 70649093958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past horrors, present struggles: the role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone
    • Betancourt TS, Agnew-Blais J, Gilman SE, Ellis BH. Past horrors, present struggles: the role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. Soc Sci Med 2010, 70(1):17-26. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.038, 3756934, 19875215.
    • (2010) Soc Sci Med , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-26
    • Betancourt, T.S.1    Agnew-Blais, J.2    Gilman, S.E.3    Ellis, B.H.4
  • 33
    • 0034968272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social reactions to rape victims: healing and hurtful effects on psychological and physical health outcomes
    • Campbell R, Ahrens C, Sefl T, Wasco SM, Barnes HE. Social reactions to rape victims: healing and hurtful effects on psychological and physical health outcomes. Violence Vict 2001, 16:287-302.
    • (2001) Violence Vict , vol.16 , pp. 287-302
    • Campbell, R.1    Ahrens, C.2    Sefl, T.3    Wasco, S.M.4    Barnes, H.E.5
  • 34
    • 48849095405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual assault disclosure, social reactions, and problem drinking in women
    • Ullman SE, Starzynski LL, Long S, Mason G, Long LM. Sexual assault disclosure, social reactions, and problem drinking in women. J Interpers Violence 2008, 23:1235-1257. 10.1177/0886260508314298, 3863580, 18309039.
    • (2008) J Interpers Violence , vol.23 , pp. 1235-1257
    • Ullman, S.E.1    Starzynski, L.L.2    Long, S.3    Mason, G.4    Long, L.M.5
  • 35
    • 77952914376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Gendered War And Peace
    • New York: Routledge, Pankhurst D
    • Pankhurst D. Introduction: Gendered War And Peace. Gendered War And Peace 2008, 1-30. New York: Routledge, Pankhurst D.
    • (2008) Gendered War And Peace , pp. 1-30
    • Pankhurst, D.1
  • 36
    • 33144479432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women and war in the Democratic Republic of Congo
    • Puechgirbal N. Women and war in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Signs J Women Cult Soc 2003, 28(4):1271-1281.
    • (2003) Signs J Women Cult Soc , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 1271-1281
    • Puechgirbal, N.1
  • 37
    • 0003317126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ending violence against women
    • [Accessed Mai 6, 2011]
    • Heise L, Ellsberg M, Gottemoeller M. Ending violence against women. Popul Rep 1999, 11. http://www.k4health.org/sites/default/files/L%2011.pdf [Accessed Mai 6, 2011].
    • (1999) Popul Rep , vol.11
    • Heise, L.1    Ellsberg, M.2    Gottemoeller, M.3
  • 38
    • 85187617321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-Consensual Sexual Experiences Of Young People In Developing Countries
    • New York: Macmillan, Jejeebhoy SY, Shah I, Thapa S
    • Jejeebhoy SJ, Bott S. Non-Consensual Sexual Experiences Of Young People In Developing Countries. Sex Without Consent: Young people in Developing Countries 2005, 3-46. New York: Macmillan, Jejeebhoy SY, Shah I, Thapa S.
    • (2005) Sex Without Consent: Young people in Developing Countries , pp. 3-46
    • Jejeebhoy, S.J.1    Bott, S.2
  • 39
    • 79955115788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description and consequences of sexual violence in Ituri province, Democratic Republic of Congo
    • [Accessed July 16, 2012]
    • Duroch F, McRae M, Grais RF. Description and consequences of sexual violence in Ituri province, Democratic Republic of Congo. BMC Int Health Human Rights 2011, 11(5). http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/11/5 [Accessed July 16, 2012].
    • (2011) BMC Int Health Human Rights , vol.11 , Issue.5
    • Duroch, F.1    McRae, M.2    Grais, R.F.3
  • 40
    • 0032589697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping with rape: the roles of prior sexual abuse and attributions of blame
    • Arata CM. Coping with rape: the roles of prior sexual abuse and attributions of blame. J Interpers Violence 1999, 14:62-78.
    • (1999) J Interpers Violence , vol.14 , pp. 62-78
    • Arata, C.M.1
  • 42
    • 0002518017 scopus 로고
    • Rape scripts and rape acknowledgment
    • Kahn AS, Mathie VA, Torgler C. Rape scripts and rape acknowledgment. Psychol Women Q 1994, 18:53-66. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00296.x.
    • (1994) Psychol Women Q , vol.18 , pp. 53-66
    • Kahn, A.S.1    Mathie, V.A.2    Torgler, C.3
  • 43
    • 0035579743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University women's acknowledgment of rape: individual, situational, and social factors
    • Bondurant B. University women's acknowledgment of rape: individual, situational, and social factors. Violence Against Women 2001, 7:294-314.
    • (2001) Violence Against Women , vol.7 , pp. 294-314
    • Bondurant, B.1
  • 44
    • 80053961554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rape and child sexual abuse: what beliefs persist about motives, perpetrators, and survivors?
    • McGee H, O'Higgins M, Garavan R, Conroy R. Rape and child sexual abuse: what beliefs persist about motives, perpetrators, and survivors?. J Interpers Violence 2011, 26(17):3580-3593. 10.1177/0886260511403762, 21859758.
    • (2011) J Interpers Violence , vol.26 , Issue.17 , pp. 3580-3593
    • McGee, H.1    O'Higgins, M.2    Garavan, R.3    Conroy, R.4
  • 45
    • 4444280250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Was it rape? The function of women's rape myth acceptance and definitions of sex in labeling their own experiences
    • Peterson ZD, Muehlenhard CL. Was it rape? The function of women's rape myth acceptance and definitions of sex in labeling their own experiences. Sex Roles 2004, 51:129-144.
    • (2004) Sex Roles , vol.51 , pp. 129-144
    • Peterson, Z.D.1    Muehlenhard, C.L.2
  • 46
    • 82255186384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between rape myths and sexual scripts: the social construction of rape
    • Ryan KM. The relationship between rape myths and sexual scripts: the social construction of rape. Sex Roles 2011, 65:774-782. DOI 10.1007/s11199-011-0033-2.
    • (2011) Sex Roles , vol.65 , pp. 774-782
    • Ryan, K.M.1
  • 47
    • 14944365930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The experience of sexual coercion among young people in Kenya. International family planning perspectives
    • Erulkar AS. The experience of sexual coercion among young people in Kenya. International family planning perspectives. Gend Based Violence Reprod Health 2004, 30(4):182-189.
    • (2004) Gend Based Violence Reprod Health , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 182-189
    • Erulkar, A.S.1
  • 48
    • 85187620238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-Consensual Sex Among South African Youth: Presence of Coerced Sex and Discourse of Control and Desire
    • New York: Macmillan, Jejeebhoy SY, Shah I, Thapa S
    • Jewkes R. Non-Consensual Sex Among South African Youth: Presence of Coerced Sex and Discourse of Control and Desire. Sex Without Consent: Young people in Developing Countries 2005, 86-95. New York: Macmillan, Jejeebhoy SY, Shah I, Thapa S.
    • (2005) Sex Without Consent: Young people in Developing Countries , pp. 86-95
    • Jewkes, R.1
  • 49
    • 0141684969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calling it rape: differences in experiences of women who do or do not label their sexual assault as rape
    • Kahn AS, Jackson J, Kully C, Badger K, Halvorsen J. Calling it rape: differences in experiences of women who do or do not label their sexual assault as rape. Psychol Women Q 2003, 27:233-242.
    • (2003) Psychol Women Q , vol.27 , pp. 233-242
    • Kahn, A.S.1    Jackson, J.2    Kully, C.3    Badger, K.4    Halvorsen, J.5
  • 52
    • 70349467807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does acknowledgment as an assault victim impact postassault psychological symptoms and coping?
    • Clements CM, Ogle RL. Does acknowledgment as an assault victim impact postassault psychological symptoms and coping?. J Interpers Violence 2009, 24:1595-1614. doi:10.1177/0886260509331486, 10.1177/0886260509331486, 19252070.
    • (2009) J Interpers Violence , vol.24 , pp. 1595-1614
    • Clements, C.M.1    Ogle, R.L.2
  • 53
    • 0026356134 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of long-term sexual assault trauma among a national sample of victimized college women
    • Gidycz CA, Koss MP. Predictors of long-term sexual assault trauma among a national sample of victimized college women. Violence Vict 1991, 6:175-190.
    • (1991) Violence Vict , vol.6 , pp. 175-190
    • Gidycz, C.A.1    Koss, M.P.2
  • 54
    • 0031173220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal communication and rape: women acknowledge their assaults
    • Botta RA, Pingree S. Interpersonal communication and rape: women acknowledge their assaults. J Health Commun 1997, 2:197-212. 10.1080/108107397127752, 10977247.
    • (1997) J Health Commun , vol.2 , pp. 197-212
    • Botta, R.A.1    Pingree, S.2
  • 55
    • 85044080654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rape acknowledgment and postassault experiences: how acknowledgment status relates to disclosure, coping, worldview, and teactions received from others
    • Littleton HL, Axsom D, Breitkopf CR, Berenson A. Rape acknowledgment and postassault experiences: how acknowledgment status relates to disclosure, coping, worldview, and teactions received from others. Violence Vict 2006, 21(6):761-778. 10.1891/0886-6708.21.6.761, 17220018.
    • (2006) Violence Vict , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 761-778
    • Littleton, H.L.1    Axsom, D.2    Breitkopf, C.R.3    Berenson, A.4
  • 56
    • 14544272367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding women's labeling of unwanted sexual experiences with dating partners
    • Harned MS. Understanding women's labeling of unwanted sexual experiences with dating partners. Violence Against Women 2005, 11:374-413. 10.1177/1077801204272240, 16043555.
    • (2005) Violence Against Women , vol.11 , pp. 374-413
    • Harned, M.S.1
  • 57
    • 0030067887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unacknowledged versus acknowledged rape victims: situational factors and posttraumatic stress
    • Layman MJ, Gidycz CA, Lynn SJ. Unacknowledged versus acknowledged rape victims: situational factors and posttraumatic stress. J Abnorm Psychol 1996, 105(1):124-131.
    • (1996) J Abnorm Psychol , vol.105 , Issue.1 , pp. 124-131
    • Layman, M.J.1    Gidycz, C.A.2    Lynn, S.J.3
  • 60
    • 77958135260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A community-based procedure for the cross-cultural adaptation of mental health self-report measures in emergency settings: validation of the IES-R and HSCL-37A for use in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
    • Mels C, Derluyn I, Broekaert E. A community-based procedure for the cross-cultural adaptation of mental health self-report measures in emergency settings: validation of the IES-R and HSCL-37A for use in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010, 45:899-910. 10.1007/s00127-009-0128-z, 19707700.
    • (2010) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol , vol.45 , pp. 899-910
    • Mels, C.1    Derluyn, I.2    Broekaert, E.3
  • 61
    • 84908304300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinshasa: DRC government, DRC government
    • DRC government La Loi Sur Les Violences Sexuelles 2006, Kinshasa: DRC government, DRC government.
    • (2006) La Loi Sur Les Violences Sexuelles
  • 62
    • 0030811247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in physical and mental health: socioeconomic status, stress and discrimination
    • Williams DR, Yan Yu JS, Anderson NB. Racial differences in physical and mental health: socioeconomic status, stress and discrimination. J Health Psychol 1997, 2:335-351. 10.1177/135910539700200305, 22013026.
    • (1997) J Health Psychol , vol.2 , pp. 335-351
    • Williams, D.R.1    Yan Yu, J.S.2    Anderson, N.B.3
  • 63
    • 41149102404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Event Scale-Revised
    • New York: Guilford, Keane T
    • Weiss D. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD 2004, 168-189. New York: Guilford, Keane T.
    • (2004) Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD , pp. 168-189
    • Weiss, D.1
  • 64
    • 34249018538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the multiple language versions of the Hopkins symptom checklist-37 for refugee adolescents
    • Bean T, Derluyn I, Eurelings-Bontekoe E, Broekaert E, Spinhoven P. Validation of the multiple language versions of the Hopkins symptom checklist-37 for refugee adolescents. Adolescence 2007, 42(165):51-71.
    • (2007) Adolescence , vol.42 , Issue.165 , pp. 51-71
    • Bean, T.1    Derluyn, I.2    Eurelings-Bontekoe, E.3    Broekaert, E.4    Spinhoven, P.5
  • 65
    • 79961135005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 3-900051-07-0
    • R Development Core Team R: A Language And Environment For Statistical Computing 2011, Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org/, R Development Core Team.
    • (2011) R: A Language And Environment For Statistical Computing
  • 66
    • 33645073015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of labeling a rape experience
    • McMullin D, White JW. Long-term effects of labeling a rape experience. Psychol Women Q 2006, 30:96-105.
    • (2006) Psychol Women Q , vol.30 , pp. 96-105
    • McMullin, D.1    White, J.W.2
  • 67
    • 0002829953 scopus 로고
    • Hidden Rape: Sexual Aggression And Victimization In A National Sample Of Students In Higher Education
    • New York: Praeger, Pirog-Good MA, Stets JE
    • Koss MP. Hidden Rape: Sexual Aggression And Victimization In A National Sample Of Students In Higher Education. Violence In Dating Relationships: Emerging Social Issues 1989, 145-184. New York: Praeger, Pirog-Good MA, Stets JE.
    • (1989) Violence In Dating Relationships: Emerging Social Issues , pp. 145-184
    • Koss, M.P.1
  • 69
    • 0032958083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychological impact of war and the refugee situation on South Sudanese children in refugee camps in Northern Uganda: an exploratory study
    • Paardekooper B, de Jong J, Hermanns J. The psychological impact of war and the refugee situation on South Sudanese children in refugee camps in Northern Uganda: an exploratory study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1999, 40:529-536. 10.1111/1469-7610.00471, 10357160.
    • (1999) J Child Psychol Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 529-536
    • Paardekooper, B.1    de Jong, J.2    Hermanns, J.3
  • 70
    • 84880297535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hope for the future again. Tracing the effects of sexual violence and conflict on families and communities in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
    • [Accessed July 20, 2010]
    • Kelly J, VanRooyen M, Kabanga J, Maclin B, Mullin C. Hope for the future again. Tracing the effects of sexual violence and conflict on families and communities in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Harv Humanit Initiat 2010, http://hhi.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/publications/publications%20-%20women%20-%20hope.pdf. [Accessed July 20, 2010].
    • (2010) Harv Humanit Initiat
    • Kelly, J.1    VanRooyen, M.2    Kabanga, J.3    Maclin, B.4    Mullin, C.5
  • 71
    • 85187610987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-Consensual Adolescent Sexual Experiences: Policy Implications
    • New York: Macmillan, Jejeebhoy SY, Shah I, Thapa S
    • Flisher AJ. Non-Consensual Adolescent Sexual Experiences: Policy Implications. Sex Without Consent: Young people in Developing Countries 2005, 269-285. New York: Macmillan, Jejeebhoy SY, Shah I, Thapa S.
    • (2005) Sex Without Consent: Young people in Developing Countries , pp. 269-285
    • Flisher, A.J.1
  • 72
    • 33750631810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-Consensual Sex And Young People: Looking Ahead
    • New York: Macmillan, Jejeebhoy SY, Shah I, Thapa S
    • Jejeebhoy SY, Thapa S. Non-Consensual Sex And Young People: Looking Ahead. Sex Without Consent: Young people in Developing Countries 2005, 3-46. New York: Macmillan, Jejeebhoy SY, Shah I, Thapa S.
    • (2005) Sex Without Consent: Young people in Developing Countries , pp. 3-46
    • Jejeebhoy, S.Y.1    Thapa, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.