메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 598-614

Understanding the resilience of dive tourism to complex change

Author keywords

complex change; dive tourism; operators; qualitative case study; resilience; self organization; social ecological systems; US Virgin Islands

Indexed keywords

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; SELF ORGANIZATION; TOURISM; TOURISM ECONOMICS; TOURISM MANAGEMENT;

EID: 84908156790     PISSN: 14616688     EISSN: 14701340     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2013.851268     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0033837891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social and ecological resilience: Are they related?
    • Adger, W. N. (2000). Social and ecological resilience: Are they related? Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 347.
    • (2000) Progress in Human Geography , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 347
    • Adger, W.N.1
  • 2
    • 52249099711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A contingent valuation study of scuba diving benefits: Case study in Mu Ko Similan Marine National Park, Thailand
    • Asafu-Adjaye, J., & Tapsuwan, S. (2008). A contingent valuation study of scuba diving benefits: Case study in Mu Ko Similan Marine National Park, Thailand. Tourism Management, 29(6), 1122–1130.
    • (2008) Tourism Management , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 1122-1130
    • Asafu-Adjaye, J.1    Tapsuwan, S.2
  • 3
    • 7944220864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scuba diver behaviour and the management of diving impacts on coral reefs
    • Barker, N. H. L., & Roberts, C.M. (2004). Scuba diver behaviour and the management of diving impacts on coral reefs. Biological Conservation, 120(4), 481–489.
    • (2004) Biological Conservation , vol.120 , Issue.4 , pp. 481-489
    • Barker, N.H.L.1    Roberts, C.M.2
  • 4
    • 79954466790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding resilience in a vulnerable industry: The case of reef tourism in Australia
    • Biggs, D. (2011). Understanding resilience in a vulnerable industry: The case of reef tourism in Australia. Ecology and Society, 16(1), 30.
    • (2011) Ecology and Society , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 30
    • Biggs, D.1
  • 5
    • 84868278185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyle values, resilience, and nature-based tourism's contribution to conservation on Australia's Great Barrier Reef
    • Biggs, D., Ban, N. C., & Hall, C. M. (2012). Lifestyle values, resilience, and nature-based tourism's contribution to conservation on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Conservation, 39(04), 370–379.
    • (2012) Environmental Conservation , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 370-379
    • Biggs, D.1    Ban, N.C.2    Hall, C.M.3
  • 6
    • 84861498469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The resilience of formal and informal tourism enterprises to disasters: Reef tourism in Phuket, Thailand
    • Biggs, D., Hall, C. M., & Stoeckl, N. (2011). The resilience of formal and informal tourism enterprises to disasters: Reef tourism in Phuket, Thailand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(5), 645–665.
    • (2011) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 645-665
    • Biggs, D.1    Hall, C.M.2    Stoeckl, N.3
  • 8
    • 28844468059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surrogates for resilience of social–ecological systems
    • Carpenter, S., Westley, F., & Turner, M. (2005). Surrogates for resilience of social–ecological systems. Ecosystems, 8(8), 941–944.
    • (2005) Ecosystems , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. 941-944
    • Carpenter, S.1    Westley, F.2    Turner, M.3
  • 9
    • 84908230807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved from
    • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Fact Book. (2012). Central America and the Caribbean: Virgin Islands. Retrieved from http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vq.html
    • (2012) Central America and the Caribbean: Virgin Islands
  • 10
    • 20744457426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is integrated coastal management sustainable?
    • Christie, P. (2005). Is integrated coastal management sustainable? Ocean & Coastal Management, 48(3–6), 208–232.
    • (2005) Ocean & Coastal Management , vol.48 , Issue.3-6 , pp. 208-232
    • Christie, P.1
  • 11
    • 84979939299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sphere of tourism resilience
    • Cochrane, J. (2010). The sphere of tourism resilience. Tourism Recreation Research, 35(2), 173–185.
    • (2010) Tourism Recreation Research , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-185
    • Cochrane, J.1
  • 12
    • 67650829103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welcome to the wet tropics: The importance of weather in reef tourism resilience
    • Coghlan, A., & Prideaux, B. (2009). Welcome to the wet tropics: The importance of weather in reef tourism resilience. Current Issues in Tourism, 12(2), 89–104.
    • (2009) Current Issues in Tourism , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-104
    • Coghlan, A.1    Prideaux, B.2
  • 14
    • 0028984454 scopus 로고
    • Recreational scuba-diving and carrying capacity in marine protected areas
    • Davis, D., & Tisdell, C. (1995). Recreational scuba-diving and carrying capacity in marine protected areas. Ocean & Coastal Management, 26(1), 19–40.
    • (1995) Ocean & Coastal Management , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-40
    • Davis, D.1    Tisdell, C.2
  • 15
    • 33846863956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications for coral reef conservation of diver specialization
    • Dearden, P., Bennett, M., & Rollins, R. (2006). Implications for coral reef conservation of diver specialization. Environmental Conservation, 33(4), 353–363.
    • (2006) Environmental Conservation , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-363
    • Dearden, P.1    Bennett, M.2    Rollins, R.3
  • 16
    • 34147129743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of diving impacts and implications for reef conservation
    • Dearden, P., Bennett, M., & Rollins, R. (2007). Perceptions of diving impacts and implications for reef conservation. Coastal Management, 35(2–3), 305–317.
    • (2007) Coastal Management , vol.35 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 305-317
    • Dearden, P.1    Bennett, M.2    Rollins, R.3
  • 17
    • 77953026988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential for dive tourism led entrepreneurial marine protected areas in Curacao
    • de Groot, J., & Bush, S. R. (2010). The potential for dive tourism led entrepreneurial marine protected areas in Curacao. Marine Policy, 34(5), 1051–1059.
    • (2010) Marine Policy , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 1051-1059
    • de Groot, J.1    Bush, S.R.2
  • 18
    • 70449348385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding comfort in adventure: Experiences of recreational SCUBA divers
    • Dimmock, K. (2009). Finding comfort in adventure: Experiences of recreational SCUBA divers. Leisure Studies, 28(3), 279–295.
    • (2009) Leisure Studies , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 279-295
    • Dimmock, K.1
  • 19
    • 0036806451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographics, attitudes, and reef management preferences of sport divers in offshore Texas waters
    • Ditton, R.B., Osburn, H. R., Baker, T. L., & Thailing, C. E. (2002). Demographics, attitudes, and reef management preferences of sport divers in offshore Texas waters. Ices Journal of Marine Science, 59, S186–S191.
    • (2002) Ices Journal of Marine Science , vol.59 , pp. S186-S191
    • Ditton, R.B.1    Osburn, H.R.2    Baker, T.L.3    Thailing, C.E.4
  • 21
    • 34547797800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HMAS Swan artificial dive reef
    • Dowling, R. K., & Nichol, J. (2001). The HMAS Swan artificial dive reef. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(1), 226–229.
    • (2001) Annals of Tourism Research , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 226-229
    • Dowling, R.K.1    Nichol, J.2
  • 23
    • 16344370427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven steps towards sustainability: Tourism in the context of new knowledge
    • Farrell, B. H., & Twining-Ward, L. (2005). Seven steps towards sustainability: Tourism in the context of new knowledge. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13(2), 109–122.
    • (2005) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-122
    • Farrell, B.H.1    Twining-Ward, L.2
  • 24
    • 84908253721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President declares a major disaster for US Virgin Islands. Retrieved from
    • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2012). President declares a major disaster for US Virgin Islands. Retrieved from http://www.fema.gov/news-release/president-declares-major-disaster-us-virgin-islands
    • (2012)
  • 25
    • 33746208456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses
    • Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 16(3), 253–267.
    • (2006) Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-267
    • Folke, C.1
  • 29
    • 0034508884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological resilience – in theory and application
    • Gunderson, L. H. (2000). Ecological resilience – in theory and application. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 31, 425–439.
    • (2000) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.31 , pp. 425-439
    • Gunderson, L.H.1
  • 31
    • 77954907722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect impacts of recreational scuba diving: Patterns of growth and predation in branching stony corals
    • Guzner, B., Novplansky, A., Shalit, O., & Chadwick, N. E. (2010). Indirect impacts of recreational scuba diving: Patterns of growth and predation in branching stony corals. Bulletin of Marine Science, 86(3), 727–742.
    • (2010) Bulletin of Marine Science , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 727-742
    • Guzner, B.1    Novplansky, A.2    Shalit, O.3    Chadwick, N.E.4
  • 32
    • 84865571146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-stakeholder values on the sustainability of dive tourism: Case studies of Sipadan and Perhentian Islands, Malaysia
    • Haddock-Fraser, J., & Hampton, M. (2010). Multi-stakeholder values on the sustainability of dive tourism: Case studies of Sipadan and Perhentian Islands, Malaysia. Tourism Analysis, 17(1), 27–41.
    • (2010) Tourism Analysis , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-41
    • Haddock-Fraser, J.1    Hampton, M.2
  • 33
    • 0030616379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational diving and its impact in marine protected areas in Eastern Australia
    • Harriott, V. J., Davis, D., & Simon, A. B. (1997). Recreational diving and its impact in marine protected areas in Eastern Australia. Ambio, 26(3), 173–179.
    • (1997) Ambio , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 173-179
    • Harriott, V.J.1    Davis, D.2    Simon, A.B.3
  • 34
    • 52949131326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diving down the reefs? Intensive diving tourism threatens the reefs of the northern Red Sea
    • Hasler, H., & Ott, J. A. (2008). Diving down the reefs? Intensive diving tourism threatens the reefs of the northern Red Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(10), 1788–1794.
    • (2008) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.56 , Issue.10 , pp. 1788-1794
    • Hasler, H.1    Ott, J.A.2
  • 35
    • 0027456206 scopus 로고
    • Effects of recreational scuba diving on coral reefs – trampling on reef-flat communities
    • Hawkins, J. P., & Roberts, C. M. (1993). Effects of recreational scuba diving on coral reefs – trampling on reef-flat communities. Journal of Applied Ecology, 30(1), 25–30.
    • (1993) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-30
    • Hawkins, J.P.1    Roberts, C.M.2
  • 36
    • 0028159325 scopus 로고
    • The growth of coastal tourism in the Red-Sea – present and future-effects on coral-reefs
    • Hawkins, J. P., & Roberts, C. M. (1994). The growth of coastal tourism in the Red-Sea – present and future-effects on coral-reefs. Ambio, 23(8), 503–508.
    • (1994) Ambio , vol.23 , Issue.8 , pp. 503-508
    • Hawkins, J.P.1    Roberts, C.M.2
  • 39
  • 40
    • 79960623290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer satisfaction and services: Insights from dive tourism
    • Ince, T., & Bowen, D. (2011). Consumer satisfaction and services: Insights from dive tourism. Service Industries Journal, 31(11), 1769–1792.
    • (2011) Service Industries Journal , vol.31 , Issue.11 , pp. 1769-1792
    • Ince, T.1    Bowen, D.2
  • 43
    • 34250852227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling socio-ecological tourism-based systems for sustainability
    • Lacitignola, D., Petrosillo, I., Cataldi, M., & Zurlini, G. (2007). Modelling socio-ecological tourism-based systems for sustainability. Ecological Modelling, 206(1–2), 191–204.
    • (2007) Ecological Modelling , vol.206 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 191-204
    • Lacitignola, D.1    Petrosillo, I.2    Cataldi, M.3    Zurlini, G.4
  • 44
    • 77951160421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable whale-watching tourism and climate change: Towards a framework of resilience
    • Lambert, E., Hunter, C., Pierce, G., & MacLeod, C. (2010). Sustainable whale-watching tourism and climate change: Towards a framework of resilience. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 409–427.
    • (2010) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 409-427
    • Lambert, E.1    Hunter, C.2    Pierce, G.3    MacLeod, C.4
  • 45
    • 84856442073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing cross-country skiing destinations under the conditions of climate change – scenarios for destinations in Austria and Finland
    • Landauer, M., Pröbstl, U., & Haider, W. (2012). Managing cross-country skiing destinations under the conditions of climate change – scenarios for destinations in Austria and Finland. Tourism Management, 33(4), 741–751.
    • (2012) Tourism Management , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 741-751
    • Landauer, M.1    Pröbstl, U.2    Haider, W.3
  • 46
    • 82555165956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of recreational scuba divers in emblematic species monitoring: The case of Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum)
    • Lorenzo, B., Ilaria, V., Sergio, R., Stefano, S., & Giovanni, S. (2011). Involvement of recreational scuba divers in emblematic species monitoring: The case of Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum). Journal for Nature Conservation, 19(5), 312–318.
    • (2011) Journal for Nature Conservation , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 312-318
    • Lorenzo, B.1    Ilaria, V.2    Sergio, R.3    Stefano, S.4    Giovanni, S.5
  • 47
    • 64949178664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benthic impacts of recreational divers in a Mediterranean marine protected area
    • Luna, B., Perez, C. V., & Sanchez-Lizaso, J. L. (2009). Benthic impacts of recreational divers in a Mediterranean marine protected area. Ices Journal of Marine Science, 66(3), 517–523.
    • (2009) Ices Journal of Marine Science , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 517-523
    • Luna, B.1    Perez, C.V.2    Sanchez-Lizaso, J.L.3
  • 48
    • 34548382205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tsunami impacts on Phuket's diving industry: Geographical implications for marine conservation
    • Main, M. A., & Dearden, P. (2007). Tsunami impacts on Phuket's diving industry: Geographical implications for marine conservation. Coastal Management, 35(4), 467–481.
    • (2007) Coastal Management , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 467-481
    • Main, M.A.1    Dearden, P.2
  • 49
    • 72949120144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding social resilience to climate variability in primary enterprises and industries
    • Marshall, N. A. (2010). Understanding social resilience to climate variability in primary enterprises and industries. Global Environmental Change, 20(1), 36–43.
    • (2010) Global Environmental Change , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-43
    • Marshall, N.A.1
  • 50
    • 79960878342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparing for climate change: Recognising its early impacts through the perceptions of dive tourists and dive operators in the Egyptian Red Sea
    • Marshall, N. A., Marshall, P. A., Abdulla, A., Rouphael, T., & Ali, A. (2011). Preparing for climate change: Recognising its early impacts through the perceptions of dive tourists and dive operators in the Egyptian Red Sea. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(6), 507–518.
    • (2011) Current Issues in Tourism , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 507-518
    • Marshall, N.A.1    Marshall, P.A.2    Abdulla, A.3    Rouphael, T.4    Ali, A.5
  • 51
    • 0030621269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of briefings on rates of damage to corals by scuba divers
    • Medio, D., Ormond, R. F. G., & Pearson, M. (1997). Effect of briefings on rates of damage to corals by scuba divers. Biological Conservation, 79(1), 91–95.
    • (1997) Biological Conservation , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-95
    • Medio, D.1    Ormond, R.F.G.2    Pearson, M.3
  • 52
    • 0036067580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sipadan: A SCUBA-diving paradise: An analysis of tourism impact, diver satisfaction and tourism management
    • Musa, G. (2002). Sipadan: A SCUBA-diving paradise: An analysis of tourism impact, diver satisfaction and tourism management. Tourism Geographies, 4(2), 195–209.
    • (2002) Tourism Geographies , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-209
    • Musa, G.1
  • 53
    • 78649580507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of scuba divers’ personality, experience, and demographic profile on their underwater behavior
    • Musa, G., Seng, W. T., Thirumoorthi, T., & Abessi, M. (2011). The influence of scuba divers’ personality, experience, and demographic profile on their underwater behavior. Tourism in Marine Environments, 7(1), 1–14.
    • (2011) Tourism in Marine Environments , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Musa, G.1    Seng, W.T.2    Thirumoorthi, T.3    Abessi, M.4
  • 54
    • 77953921802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value orientations toward coral reefs in recreation and tourism settings: A conceptual and measurement approach
    • Needham, M. D. (2010) Value orientations toward coral reefs in recreation and tourism settings: A conceptual and measurement approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(6), 757–772.
    • (2010) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 757-772
    • Needham, M.D.1
  • 55
    • 37049028527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to environmental change: Contributions of a resilience framework
    • Nelson, D. R., Adger, W. N., & Brown, K. (2007). Adaptation to environmental change: Contributions of a resilience framework. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 32, 395–419.
    • (2007) Annual Review of Environment and Resources , vol.32 , pp. 395-419
    • Nelson, D.R.1    Adger, W.N.2    Brown, K.3
  • 57
    • 80053524345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of recreational divers’ underwater behaviour by attitude-behaviour theories
    • Ong, T. F., & Musa, G. (2011). An examination of recreational divers’ underwater behaviour by attitude-behaviour theories. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(8), 779–795.
    • (2011) Current Issues in Tourism , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 779-795
    • Ong, T.F.1    Musa, G.2
  • 59
    • 0028159270 scopus 로고
    • Environmental-quality and recreation demand in a Caribbean coral-reef
    • Pendleton, L. H. (1994). Environmental-quality and recreation demand in a Caribbean coral-reef. Coastal Management, 22(4), 399–404.
    • (1994) Coastal Management , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 399-404
    • Pendleton, L.H.1
  • 60
    • 0001874689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological resilience, biodiversity, and scale
    • Peterson, G., Allen, C. R., & Holling, C. S. (1998). Ecological resilience, biodiversity, and scale. Ecosystems, 1(1), 6–18.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-18
    • Peterson, G.1    Allen, C.R.2    Holling, C.S.3
  • 61
    • 0033939816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embeddedness and the tourism industry in the Polish southern uplands – social processes as an explanatory framework
    • Riley, R. (2000). Embeddedness and the tourism industry in the Polish southern uplands – social processes as an explanatory framework. European Urban and Regional Studies, 7(3), 195–210.
    • (2000) European Urban and Regional Studies , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-210
    • Riley, R.1
  • 62
    • 0030885218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of recreational scuba diving at sites with different reef topographies
    • Rouphael, A. B., & Inglis, G. J. (1997). Impacts of recreational scuba diving at sites with different reef topographies. Biological Conservation, 82(3), 329–336.
    • (1997) Biological Conservation , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-336
    • Rouphael, A.B.1    Inglis, G.J.2
  • 63
    • 78650982384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social–ecological resilience and community-based tourism: An approach from Agua Blanca, Ecuador
    • Ruiz-Ballesteros, E. (2011). Social–ecological resilience and community-based tourism: An approach from Agua Blanca, Ecuador. Tourism Management, 32(3), 655–666.
    • (2011) Tourism Management , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 655-666
    • Ruiz-Ballesteros, E.1
  • 64
    • 27744495168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting models to quantify three anthropogenic stresses on coral reefs from marine recreation: Anchor damage, diver contact and copper emission from antifouling paint
    • Saphier, A. D., & Hoffmann, T. C. (2005). Forecasting models to quantify three anthropogenic stresses on coral reefs from marine recreation: Anchor damage, diver contact and copper emission from antifouling paint. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 51(5–7), 590–598.
    • (2005) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.51 , Issue.5-7 , pp. 590-598
    • Saphier, A.D.1    Hoffmann, T.C.2
  • 65
    • 77951198294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation in the tourism and recreation sector
    • Ebi K., Burton I., McGregor G., (eds), Dordrecht: Springer
    • Scott, D., Freitas, C., & Matzarakis, A. (2009). Adaptation in the tourism and recreation sector. In K. Ebi, I. Burton, & G. McGregor (Eds.), Biometeorology for adaptation to climate variability and change (Vol. 1, pp. 171–194). Dordrecht: Springer.
    • (2009) Biometeorology for adaptation to climate variability and change , vol.1 , pp. 171-194
    • Scott, D.1    Freitas, C.2    Matzarakis, A.3
  • 66
    • 84864671281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial reefs and mass marine ecotourism
    • Shani, A., Polak, O., & Shashar, N. (2012). Artificial reefs and mass marine ecotourism. Tourism Geographies, 14(3), 361–382.
    • (2012) Tourism Geographies , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 361-382
    • Shani, A.1    Polak, O.2    Shashar, N.3
  • 67
    • 34547121948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing scuba divers to meet ecological goals for coral reef conservation
    • Sorice, M. G., Oh, C. O., & Ditton, R. B. (2007). Managing scuba divers to meet ecological goals for coral reef conservation. Ambio, 36(4), 316–322.
    • (2007) Ambio , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 316-322
    • Sorice, M.G.1    Oh, C.O.2    Ditton, R.B.3
  • 68
    • 34547809848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial reefs as recreational scuba diving resources: A critical review of research
    • Stolk, P., Markwell, K., & Jenkins, J. M. (2007). Artificial reefs as recreational scuba diving resources: A critical review of research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15(4), 331–350.
    • (2007) Journal of Sustainable Tourism , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 331-350
    • Stolk, P.1    Markwell, K.2    Jenkins, J.M.3
  • 69
    • 54449101537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the economic benefit of scuba diving in The Similan Islands, Thailand
    • Tapsuwan, S., & Asafu-Adjaye, J. (2008). Estimating the economic benefit of scuba diving in The Similan Islands, Thailand. Coastal Management, 36(5), 431–442.
    • (2008) Coastal Management , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 431-442
    • Tapsuwan, S.1    Asafu-Adjaye, J.2
  • 70
    • 0034819594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of recreational scuba diving on coral communities of the Caribbean island of Grand Cayman
    • Tratalos, J. A., & Austin, T. J. (2001). Impacts of recreational scuba diving on coral communities of the Caribbean island of Grand Cayman. Biological Conservation, 102(1), 67–75.
    • (2001) Biological Conservation , vol.102 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-75
    • Tratalos, J.A.1    Austin, T.J.2
  • 71
    • 84996198285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourism sustainability, resiliency and dynamics: Towards a more comprehensive perspective
    • Tyrrell, T. J., & Johnston, R. J. (2008). Tourism sustainability, resiliency and dynamics: Towards a more comprehensive perspective. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(1), 14–24.
    • (2008) Tourism and Hospitality Research , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-24
    • Tyrrell, T.J.1    Johnston, R.J.2
  • 72
    • 84908226299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Census 2000 data for the U.S. Virgin Islands. Retrieved from
    • US Census Bureau (2001). Census 2000 data for the U.S. Virgin Islands. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/census2000/usvi.html
    • (2001)
  • 73
    • 84908253579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Census Bureau releases 2010 census population counts for the US Virgin Islands. Retrieved from
    • US Census Bureau (2011). US Census Bureau releases 2010 census population counts for the US Virgin Islands. Retrieved from http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn180.html
    • (2011)
  • 74
    • 33846548050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quest for cryptic creatures: Impacts of species-focused recreational diving on corals
    • Uyarra, M. C., & Cote, I. M. (2007). The quest for cryptic creatures: Impacts of species-focused recreational diving on corals. Biological Conservation, 136(1), 77–84.
    • (2007) Biological Conservation , vol.136 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-84
    • Uyarra, M.C.1    Cote, I.M.2
  • 75
    • 57749210439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing dive tourism for the sustainable use of coral reefs: Validating diver perceptions of attractive site features
    • Uyarra, M. C., Watkinson, A., & Cote, I. M. (2009). Managing dive tourism for the sustainable use of coral reefs: Validating diver perceptions of attractive site features. Environmental Management, 43(1), 1–16.
    • (2009) Environmental Management , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Uyarra, M.C.1    Watkinson, A.2    Cote, I.M.3
  • 76
    • 0032832676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass diving tourism – a new dimension calls for new management approaches
    • Van Treeck, P., & Schuhmacher, H. (1999). Mass diving tourism – a new dimension calls for new management approaches. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 37(8–12), 499–504.
    • (1999) Marine Pollution Bulletin , vol.37 , Issue.8-12 , pp. 499-504
    • Van Treeck, P.1    Schuhmacher, H.2
  • 78
  • 79
    • 0034469177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between protected and unprotected reefs of the western Caribbean in attributes preferred by dive tourists
    • Williams, I. D., & Polunin, N. V. C. (2000). Differences between protected and unprotected reefs of the western Caribbean in attributes preferred by dive tourists. Environmental Conservation, 27(4), 382–391.
    • (2000) Environmental Conservation , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 382-391
    • Williams, I.D.1    Polunin, N.V.C.2
  • 81
    • 0036220526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of intensive recreational diving on reef corals at Eilat, northern Red Sea
    • Zakai, D., & Chadwick-Furman, N. E. (2002). Impacts of intensive recreational diving on reef corals at Eilat, northern Red Sea. Biological Conservation, 105(2), 179–187.
    • (2002) Biological Conservation , vol.105 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-187
    • Zakai, D.1    Chadwick-Furman, N.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.