메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1793-1801

Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway in prostate cancer: Challenges and opportunities (Review)

Author keywords

Akt; Combination therapy; MTOR; PI3K; Prostate cancer; Resistance

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITOR; PHOSPHATASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE INHIBITOR; PROTEIN KINASE B; PROTEIN KINASE B INHIBITOR; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; TUMOR MARKER;

EID: 84907210114     PISSN: 10196439     EISSN: 17912423     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2601     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (137)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 33845794181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Cancer Society. Accessed April 27
    • 'What are the key statistics about prostate cancer?' American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-key-statistics. Accessed April 27, 2014.
    • (2014) What are the Key Statistics About Prostate Cancer?
  • 2
    • 84866770294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy
    • Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al: Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 367: 1187-1197, 2012.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 1187-1197
    • Scher, H.I.1    Fizazi, K.2    Saad, F.3
  • 3
    • 84872078210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy
    • Ryan CJ, Smith MR, de Bono JS, et al: Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 368: 138-148, 2013.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 138-148
    • Ryan, C.J.1    Smith, M.R.2    De Bono, J.S.3
  • 4
    • 84863278019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrative survival-based molecular profiling of human pancreatic cancer
    • Donahue TR, Tran LM, Hill R, et al: Integrative survival-based molecular profiling of human pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 18: 1352-1363, 2012.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 1352-1363
    • Donahue, T.R.1    Tran, L.M.2    Hill, R.3
  • 6
    • 49649087385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential roles of PI(3)K-p110beta in cell growth, metabolism and tumorigenesis
    • Jia S, Liu Z, Zhang S, et al: Essential roles of PI(3)K-p110beta in cell growth, metabolism and tumorigenesis. Nature 454: 776-779, 2008.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.454 , pp. 776-779
    • Jia, S.1    Liu, Z.2    Zhang, S.3
  • 7
    • 77952048131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway activation in phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient prostate cancer cells is independent of receptor tyrosine kinases and mediated by the p110beta and p110delta catalytic subunits
    • Jiang X, Chen S, Asara JM and Balk SP: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway activation in phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient prostate cancer cells is independent of receptor tyrosine kinases and mediated by the p110beta and p110delta catalytic subunits. J Biol Chem 285: 14980-14989, 2010.
    • (2010) J Biol Chem , vol.285 , pp. 14980-14989
    • Jiang, X.1    Chen, S.2    Asara, J.M.3    Balk, S.P.4
  • 8
    • 84889677377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer reveals intrapatient similarity and interpatient heterogeneity of therapeutic kinase targets
    • Drake JM, Graham NA, Lee JK, et al: Metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer reveals intrapatient similarity and interpatient heterogeneity of therapeutic kinase targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110: E4762-E4769, 2013.
    • (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.110 , pp. E4762-E4769
    • Drake, J.M.1    Graham, N.A.2    Lee, J.K.3
  • 9
    • 33746794674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of mTOR signaling pathway markers in prostate cancer progression
    • Kremer CL, Klein RR, Mendelson J, et al: Expression of mTOR signaling pathway markers in prostate cancer progression. Prostate 66: 1203-1212, 2006.
    • (2006) Prostate , vol.66 , pp. 1203-1212
    • Kremer, C.L.1    Klein, R.R.2    Mendelson, J.3
  • 10
    • 84879478480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in castration-resistant prostate cancer
    • Bitting RL and Armstrong AJ: Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 20: R83-R99, 2013.
    • (2013) Endocr Relat Cancer , vol.20 , pp. R83-R99
    • Bitting, R.L.1    Armstrong, A.J.2
  • 11
    • 70350545722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Rictor phosphorylation sites reveals direct regulation of mTOR complex 2 by S6K1
    • Dibble CC, Asara JM and Manning BD: Characterization of Rictor phosphorylation sites reveals direct regulation of mTOR complex 2 by S6K1. Mol Cell Biol 29: 5657-5670, 2009.
    • (2009) Mol Cell Biol , vol.29 , pp. 5657-5670
    • Dibble, C.C.1    Asara, J.M.2    Manning, B.D.3
  • 12
    • 0037205048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway
    • Cantley LC: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Science 296: 1655-1657, 2002.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1655-1657
    • Cantley, L.C.1
  • 13
    • 84891911658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combinatorial antitumor effect of HDAC and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway inhibition in a Pten defecient model of prostate cancer
    • Ellis L, Ku SY, Ramakrishnan S, et al: Combinatorial antitumor effect of HDAC and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway inhibition in a Pten defecient model of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 4: 2225-2236, 2013.
    • (2013) Oncotarget , vol.4 , pp. 2225-2236
    • Ellis, L.1    Ku, S.Y.2    Ramakrishnan, S.3
  • 14
    • 84895741045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesteryl ester accumulation induced by PTEN loss and PI3K/AKT activation underlies human prostate cancer aggressiveness
    • Yue S, Li J, Lee SY, et al: Cholesteryl ester accumulation induced by PTEN loss and PI3K/AKT activation underlies human prostate cancer aggressiveness. Cell Metab 19: 393-406, 2014.
    • (2014) Cell Metab , vol.19 , pp. 393-406
    • Yue, S.1    Li, J.2    Lee, S.Y.3
  • 15
    • 84905841664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase, a PTEN-functional homologue in prostate epithelia, functions as a prostate-specific tumor suppressor
    • Apr 18. Epub ahead of print
    • Muniyan S, Ingersoll MA, Batra SK and Lin MF: Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase, a PTEN-functional homologue in prostate epithelia, functions as a prostate-specific tumor suppressor. Biochim Biophys Acta: Pii: S0304-419X(14)00042-0. Apr 18, 2014 (Epub ahead of print). doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.006.
    • (2014) Biochim Biophys Acta
    • Muniyan, S.1    Ingersoll, M.A.2    Batra, S.K.3    Lin, M.F.4
  • 16
    • 78751535990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased expression and androgen regulation of the tumor suppressor gene INPP4B in prostate cancer
    • Hodgson MC, Shao LJ, Frolov A, et al: Decreased expression and androgen regulation of the tumor suppressor gene INPP4B in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 71: 572-582, 2011.
    • (2011) Cancer Res , vol.71 , pp. 572-582
    • Hodgson, M.C.1    Shao, L.J.2    Frolov, A.3
  • 17
    • 79955975429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal feedback regulation of PI3K and androgen receptor signaling in PTENdeficient prostate cancer
    • Carver BS, Chapinski C, Wongvipat J, et al: Reciprocal feedback regulation of PI3K and androgen receptor signaling in PTENdeficient prostate cancer. Cancer Cell 19: 575-586, 2011.
    • (2011) Cancer Cell , vol.19 , pp. 575-586
    • Carver, B.S.1    Chapinski, C.2    Wongvipat, J.3
  • 18
    • 84891052481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic rearrangements of in prostate cancer
    • Phin S, Moore MW and Cotter PD: Genomic rearrangements of in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 3: 240, 2013.
    • (2013) Front Oncol , vol.3 , pp. 240
    • Phin, S.1    Moore, M.W.2    Cotter, P.D.3
  • 20
    • 80053622314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HER2 overcomes PTEN (loss)-induced senescence to cause aggressive prostate cancer
    • Ahmad I, Patel R, Singh LB, et al: HER2 overcomes PTEN (loss)-induced senescence to cause aggressive prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 16392-16397, 2011.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.108 , pp. 16392-16397
    • Ahmad, I.1    Patel, R.2    Singh, L.B.3
  • 21
    • 84887272861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein expression of PTEN, insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), and lethal prostate cancer: A prospective study
    • Zu K, Martin NE, Fiorentino M, et al: Protein expression of PTEN, insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), and lethal prostate cancer: A prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 22: 1984-1993, 2013.
    • (2013) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.22 , pp. 1984-1993
    • Zu, K.1    Martin, N.E.2    Fiorentino, M.3
  • 22
    • 84860552122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt-mediated phosphorylation of Bmi1 modulates its oncogenic potential, E3 ligase activity, and DNA damage repair activity in mouse prostate cancer
    • Nacerddine K, Beaudry JB, Ginjala V, et al: Akt-mediated phosphorylation of Bmi1 modulates its oncogenic potential, E3 ligase activity, and DNA damage repair activity in mouse prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 122: 1920-1932, 2012.
    • (2012) J Clin Invest , vol.122 , pp. 1920-1932
    • Nacerddine, K.1    Beaudry, J.B.2    Ginjala, V.3
  • 23
    • 58549108859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of PTEN/Akt/PI3K signaling in the maintenance and viability of prostate cancer stem-like cell populations
    • Dubrovska A, Kim S, Salamone RJ, et al: The role of PTEN/Akt/PI3K signaling in the maintenance and viability of prostate cancer stem-like cell populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 268-273, 2009.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 268-273
    • Dubrovska, A.1    Kim, S.2    Salamone, R.J.3
  • 24
    • 10744222860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostate-specific deletion of the murine Pten tumor suppressor gene leads to metastatic prostate cancer
    • Wang S, Gao J, Lei Q, et al: Prostate-specific deletion of the murine Pten tumor suppressor gene leads to metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Cell 4: 209-221, 2003.
    • (2003) Cancer Cell , vol.4 , pp. 209-221
    • Wang, S.1    Gao, J.2    Lei, Q.3
  • 25
    • 65649118955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN deficiency is fully penetrant for prostate adenocarcinoma in C57BL/6 mice via mTOR-dependent growth
    • Blando J, Portis M, Benavides F, et al: PTEN deficiency is fully penetrant for prostate adenocarcinoma in C57BL/6 mice via mTOR-dependent growth. Am J Pathol 174: 1869-1879, 2009.
    • (2009) Am J Pathol , vol.174 , pp. 1869-1879
    • Blando, J.1    Portis, M.2    Benavides, F.3
  • 26
    • 79958764107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell autonomous role of PTEN in regulating castration-resistant prostate cancer growth
    • Mulholland DJ, Tran LM, Li Y, et al: Cell autonomous role of PTEN in regulating castration-resistant prostate cancer growth. Cancer Cell 19: 792-804, 2011.
    • (2011) Cancer Cell , vol.19 , pp. 792-804
    • Mulholland, D.J.1    Tran, L.M.2    Li, Y.3
  • 27
    • 33646739524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of prostate cancer by synergy of AKT with genotropic and nongenotropic actions of the androgen receptor
    • Xin L, Teitell MA, Lawson DA, Kwon A, Mellinghoff IK and Witte ON: Progression of prostate cancer by synergy of AKT with genotropic and nongenotropic actions of the androgen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 7789-7794, 2006.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 7789-7794
    • Xin, L.1    Teitell, M.A.2    Lawson, D.A.3    Kwon, A.4    Mellinghoff, I.K.5    Witte, O.N.6
  • 28
    • 84875757638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Punctuated evolution of prostate cancer genomes
    • Baca Sylvan C, Prandi D, Lawrence Michael S, et al: Punctuated evolution of prostate cancer genomes. Cell 153: 666-677, 2013.
    • (2013) Cell , vol.153 , pp. 666-677
    • Baca Sylvan, C.1    Prandi, D.2    Lawrence Michael, S.3
  • 29
    • 84878511490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gata3 antagonizes cancer progression in Pten-deficient prostates
    • Nguyen AH, Tremblay M, Haigh K, et al: Gata3 antagonizes cancer progression in Pten-deficient prostates. Hum Mol Genet 22: 2400-2410, 2013.
    • (2013) Hum Mol Genet , vol.22 , pp. 2400-2410
    • Nguyen, A.H.1    Tremblay, M.2    Haigh, K.3
  • 30
    • 84899905173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concomitant loss of EAF2/U19 and Pten synergistically promotes prostate carcinogenesis in the mouse model
    • Ai J, Pascal LE, O'Malley KJ, et al: Concomitant loss of EAF2/U19 and Pten synergistically promotes prostate carcinogenesis in the mouse model. Oncogene 33: 2286-2294, 2014.
    • (2014) Oncogene , vol.33 , pp. 2286-2294
    • Ai, J.1    Pascal, L.E.2    O'Malley, K.J.3
  • 31
    • 76249098305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SOX9 elevation in the prostate promotes proliferation and cooperates with PTEN loss to drive tumor formation
    • Thomsen MK, Ambroisine L, Wynn S, et al: SOX9 elevation in the prostate promotes proliferation and cooperates with PTEN loss to drive tumor formation. Cancer Res 70: 979-987, 2010.
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 979-987
    • Thomsen, M.K.1    Ambroisine, L.2    Wynn, S.3
  • 32
    • 0037022663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperativity of Nkx3.1 and Pten loss of function in a mouse model of prostate carcinogenesis
    • Kim MJ, Cardiff RD, Desai N, et al: Cooperativity of Nkx3.1 and Pten loss of function in a mouse model of prostate carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 2884-2889, 2002.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 2884-2889
    • Kim, M.J.1    Cardiff, R.D.2    Desai, N.3
  • 33
    • 70349278378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of Nkx3.1 leads to the activation of discrete downstream target genes during prostate tumorigenesis
    • Song H, Zhang B, Watson MA, Humphrey PA, Lim H and Milbrandt J: Loss of Nkx3.1 leads to the activation of discrete downstream target genes during prostate tumorigenesis. Oncogene 28: 3307-3319, 2009.
    • (2009) Oncogene , vol.28 , pp. 3307-3319
    • Song, H.1    Zhang, B.2    Watson, M.A.3    Humphrey, P.A.4    Lim, H.5    Milbrandt, J.6
  • 34
    • 23244460597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crucial role of p53-dependent cellular senescence in suppression of Pten-deficient tumorigenesis
    • Chen Z, Trotman LC, Shaffer D, et al: Crucial role of p53-dependent cellular senescence in suppression of Pten-deficient tumorigenesis. Nature 436: 725-730, 2005.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.436 , pp. 725-730
    • Chen, Z.1    Trotman, L.C.2    Shaffer, D.3
  • 35
    • 79952393630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation between Stat3 and Akt signaling leads to prostate tumor development in transgenic mice
    • Blando JM, Carbajal S, Abel E, et al: Cooperation between Stat3 and Akt signaling leads to prostate tumor development in transgenic mice. Neoplasia 13: 254-265, 2011.
    • (2011) Neoplasia , vol.13 , pp. 254-265
    • Blando, J.M.1    Carbajal, S.2    Abel, E.3
  • 36
    • 79951512852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SMAD4-dependent barrier constrains prostate cancer growth and metastatic progression
    • Ding Z, Wu CJ, Chu GC, et al: SMAD4-dependent barrier constrains prostate cancer growth and metastatic progression. Nature 470: 269-273, 2011.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.470 , pp. 269-273
    • Ding, Z.1    Wu, C.J.2    Chu, G.C.3
  • 37
    • 84866424540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-Raf activation cooperates with PTEN loss to drive c-Myc expression in advanced prostate cancer
    • Wang J, Kobayashi T, Floc'h N, et al: B-Raf activation cooperates with PTEN loss to drive c-Myc expression in advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Res 72: 4765-4776, 2012.
    • (2012) Cancer Res , vol.72 , pp. 4765-4776
    • Wang, J.1    Kobayashi, T.2    Floc'h, N.3
  • 38
    • 84887499254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic targeting of PI3K/AKT pathway and androgen receptor axis significantly delays castration-resistant prostate cancer progression in vivo
    • Thomas C, Lamoureux F, Crafter C, et al: Synergistic targeting of PI3K/AKT pathway and androgen receptor axis significantly delays castration-resistant prostate cancer progression in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 12: 2342-2355, 2013.
    • (2013) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.12 , pp. 2342-2355
    • Thomas, C.1    Lamoureux, F.2    Crafter, C.3
  • 39
    • 34548397326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-Yalk between the androgen receptor and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in prostate cancer
    • Wang Y, Kreisberg JI and Ghosh PM: Cross-Yalk between the androgen receptor and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in prostate cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 7: 591-604, 2007.
    • (2007) Curr Cancer Drug Targets , vol.7 , pp. 591-604
    • Wang, Y.1    Kreisberg, J.I.2    Ghosh, P.M.3
  • 40
    • 77749242462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is dominant over androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells
    • Kaarbo M, Mikkelsen OL, Malerod L, et al: PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is dominant over androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells. Cell Oncol 32: 11-27, 2010.
    • (2010) Cell Oncol , vol.32 , pp. 11-27
    • Kaarbo, M.1    Mikkelsen, O.L.2    Malerod, L.3
  • 41
    • 78651458656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AKT inhibition relieves feedback suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase expression and activity
    • Chandarlapaty S, Sawai A, Scaltriti M, et al: AKT inhibition relieves feedback suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase expression and activity. Cancer Cell 19: 58-71, 2011.
    • (2011) Cancer Cell , vol.19 , pp. 58-71
    • Chandarlapaty, S.1    Sawai, A.2    Scaltriti, M.3
  • 42
    • 0034671668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HER-2/neu promotes androgen-independent survival and growth of prostate cancer cells through the Akt pathway
    • Wen Y, Hu MCT, Makino K, et al: HER-2/neu promotes androgen-independent survival and growth of prostate cancer cells through the Akt pathway. Cancer Res 60: 6841-6845, 2000.
    • (2000) Cancer Res , vol.60 , pp. 6841-6845
    • Wen, Y.1    Hu, M.C.T.2    Makino, K.3
  • 43
    • 0037106457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgen receptor expression is regulated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in normal and tumoral epithelial cells
    • Manin M, Baron S, Goossens K, et al: Androgen receptor expression is regulated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in normal and tumoral epithelial cells. Biochem J 366: 729-736, 2002.
    • (2002) Biochem J , vol.366 , pp. 729-736
    • Manin, M.1    Baron, S.2    Goossens, K.3
  • 44
    • 0042854862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PTEN tumor suppressor is a negative modulator of androgen receptor transcriptional activity
    • Nan B, Snabboon T, Unni E, X-J Y, Whang Y and Marcelli M: The PTEN tumor suppressor is a negative modulator of androgen receptor transcriptional activity. J Mol Endocrinol 31: 169-183, 2003.
    • (2003) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.31 , pp. 169-183
    • Nan, B.1    Snabboon, T.2    Unni, E.3    X-J, Y.4    Whang, Y.5    Marcelli, M.6
  • 45
    • 84907194815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antitumor effects of PI3K beta inhibitors in PTEN negative prostate cancer are enhanced by inhibition of reactivated PI3K alpha signaling
    • Schwartz S, Carver B, Wongvipat J, et al: The antitumor effects of PI3K beta inhibitors in PTEN negative prostate cancer are enhanced by inhibition of reactivated PI3K alpha signaling. Proc 105th Annual Meeting Amer Assoc Cancer Res, abs. 4774, 2014.
    • (2014) Proc 105th Annual Meeting Amer Assoc Cancer Res
    • Schwartz, S.1    Carver, B.2    Wongvipat, J.3
  • 46
    • 84887259072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined targeting of PI3K/Akt and AR pathway with AZD5363 and enzalutamide induces anticancer activity in preclinical models of prostate cancer
    • Toren P, Kim S, Gleave M and Zoubeidi A: Combined targeting of PI3K/Akt and AR pathway with AZD5363 and enzalutamide induces anticancer activity in preclinical models of prostate cancer. J Urol 189 (Suppl l4): E403, 2013.
    • (2013) J Urol , vol.189 , pp. e403
    • Toren, P.1    Kim, S.2    Gleave, M.3    Zoubeidi, A.4
  • 47
    • 77954255681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrative genomic profiling of human prostate cancer
    • Taylor BS, Schultz N, Hieronymus H, et al: Integrative genomic profiling of human prostate cancer. Cancer Cell 18: 11-22, 2010.
    • (2010) Cancer Cell , vol.18 , pp. 11-22
    • Taylor, B.S.1    Schultz, N.2    Hieronymus, H.3
  • 48
    • 66149098947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of ERG, AR and PTEN gene status in circulating tumor cells from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer
    • Attard G, Swennenhuis JF, Olmos D, et al: Characterization of ERG, AR and PTEN gene status in circulating tumor cells from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res 69: 2912-2918, 2009.
    • (2009) Cancer Res , vol.69 , pp. 2912-2918
    • Attard, G.1    Swennenhuis, J.F.2    Olmos, D.3
  • 49
    • 47649108255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of complex protein kinase B signalling pathways in human prostate cancer samples
    • Jendrossek V, Henkel M, Hennenlotter J, et al: Analysis of complex protein kinase B signalling pathways in human prostate cancer samples. BJU Int 102: 371-382, 2008.
    • (2008) BJU Int , vol.102 , pp. 371-382
    • Jendrossek, V.1    Henkel, M.2    Hennenlotter, J.3
  • 50
    • 84872849091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opposing effects of androgen deprivation and targeted therapy on prostate cancer prevention
    • Jia S, Gao X, Lee SH, et al: Opposing effects of androgen deprivation and targeted therapy on prostate cancer prevention. Cancer Discov 3: 44-51, 2013.
    • (2013) Cancer Discov , vol.3 , pp. 44-51
    • Jia, S.1    Gao, X.2    Lee, S.H.3
  • 51
    • 67650917081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN genomic deletion is associated with p-Akt and AR signalling in poorer outcome, hormone refractory prostate cancer
    • Sircar K, Yoshimoto M, Monzon FA, et al: PTEN genomic deletion is associated with p-Akt and AR signalling in poorer outcome, hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Pathol 218: 505-513, 2009.
    • (2009) J Pathol , vol.218 , pp. 505-513
    • Sircar, K.1    Yoshimoto, M.2    Monzon, F.A.3
  • 52
    • 33749497739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asynchronous growth of prostate cancer is reflected by circulating tumor cells delivered from distinct, even small foci, harboring loss of heterozygosity of the PTEN gene
    • Schmidt H, DeAngelis G, Eltze E, Gockel I, Semjonow A and Brandt B: Asynchronous growth of prostate cancer is reflected by circulating tumor cells delivered from distinct, even small foci, harboring loss of heterozygosity of the PTEN gene. Cancer Res 66: 8959-8965, 2006.
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 8959-8965
    • Schmidt, H.1    DeAngelis, G.2    Eltze, E.3    Gockel, I.4    Semjonow, A.5    Brandt, B.6
  • 53
    • 79952690921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PIK3CA mutations in patients with advanced cancers treated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis inhibitors
    • Janku F, Tsimberidou AM, Garrido-Laguna I, et al: PIK3CA mutations in patients with advanced cancers treated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 10: 558-565, 2011.
    • (2011) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.10 , pp. 558-565
    • Janku, F.1    Tsimberidou, A.M.2    Garrido-Laguna, I.3
  • 54
    • 0033200172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of PTEN expression in paraffin-embedded primary prostate cancer correlates with high Gleason score and advanced stage
    • McMenamin ME, Soung P, Perera S, Kaplan I, Loda M and Sellers WR: Loss of PTEN expression in paraffin-embedded primary prostate cancer correlates with high Gleason score and advanced stage. Cancer Res 59: 4291-4296, 1999.
    • (1999) Cancer Res , vol.59 , pp. 4291-4296
    • McMenamin, M.E.1    Soung, P.2    Perera, S.3    Kaplan, I.4    Loda, M.5    Sellers, W.R.6
  • 55
    • 3042849062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of PTEN and p27kip1 expression correlates with tumor grade in prostate cancer. Analysis in radical prostatectomy specimens and needle biopsies
    • Dreher T, Zentgraf H, Abel U, et al: Reduction of PTEN and p27kip1 expression correlates with tumor grade in prostate cancer. Analysis in radical prostatectomy specimens and needle biopsies. Virchows Arch 444: 509-517, 2004.
    • (2004) Virchows Arch , vol.444 , pp. 509-517
    • Dreher, T.1    Zentgraf, H.2    Abel, U.3
  • 56
    • 33846968797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete loss of PTEN expression as a possible early prognostic marker for prostate cancer metastasis
    • Schmitz M, Grignard G, Margue C, et al: Complete loss of PTEN expression as a possible early prognostic marker for prostate cancer metastasis. Int J Cancer 120: 1284-1292, 2007.
    • (2007) Int J Cancer , vol.120 , pp. 1284-1292
    • Schmitz, M.1    Grignard, G.2    Margue, C.3
  • 57
    • 77950371120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical clustering of immunohistochemical analysis of the activated ErbB/PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB signalling pathway and prognostic significance in prostate cancer
    • Koumakpayi IH, Le Page C, Mes-Masson AM and Saad F: Hierarchical clustering of immunohistochemical analysis of the activated ErbB/PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB signalling pathway and prognostic significance in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 102: 1163-1173, 2010.
    • (2010) Br J Cancer , vol.102 , pp. 1163-1173
    • Koumakpayi, I.H.1    Le Page, C.2    Mes-Masson, A.M.3    Saad, F.4
  • 58
    • 0036554734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical demonstration of phospho-Akt in high Gleason grade prostate cancer
    • Malik SN, Brattain M, Ghosh PM, et al: Immunohistochemical demonstration of phospho-Akt in high Gleason grade prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 8: 1168-1171, 2002.
    • (2002) Clin Cancer Res , vol.8 , pp. 1168-1171
    • Malik, S.N.1    Brattain, M.2    Ghosh, P.M.3
  • 59
    • 84868160011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phospho-Akt immunoreactivity in prostate cancer: Relationship to disease severity and outcome, Ki67 and phosphorylated EGFR expression
    • Hammarsten P, Cipriano M, Josefsson A, et al: Phospho-Akt immunoreactivity in prostate cancer: Relationship to disease severity and outcome, Ki67 and phosphorylated EGFR expression. PLoS One 7: E47994, 2012.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. e47994
    • Hammarsten, P.1    Cipriano, M.2    Josefsson, A.3
  • 60
    • 40849113286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of the androgen receptor is associated with reduced survival in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients
    • McCall P, Gemmell LK, Mukherjee R, Bartlett JM and Edwards J: Phosphorylation of the androgen receptor is associated with reduced survival in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients. Br J Cancer 98: 1094-1101, 2008.
    • (2008) Br J Cancer , vol.98 , pp. 1094-1101
    • McCall, P.1    Gemmell, L.K.2    Mukherjee, R.3    Bartlett, J.M.4    Edwards, J.5
  • 61
    • 34447133479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining risk of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer by immunohistochemical detection of PTEN expression and Akt activation
    • Bedolla R, Prihoda TJ, Kreisberg JI, et al: Determining risk of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer by immunohistochemical detection of PTEN expression and Akt activation. Clin Cancer Res 13: 3860-3867, 2007.
    • (2007) Clin Cancer Res , vol.13 , pp. 3860-3867
    • Bedolla, R.1    Prihoda, T.J.2    Kreisberg, J.I.3
  • 62
    • 84887085138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of immunohistochemical biomarkers for basal-like breast cancer against a gene expression profile gold standard
    • Won JR, Gao D, Chow C, et al: A survey of immunohistochemical biomarkers for basal-like breast cancer against a gene expression profile gold standard. Mod Pathol 26: 1438-1450, 2013.
    • (2013) Mod Pathol , vol.26 , pp. 1438-1450
    • Won, J.R.1    Gao, D.2    Chow, C.3
  • 63
    • 19944398464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-level expression of fatty acid synthase in human prostate cancer tissues is linked to activation and nuclear localization of Akt/PKB
    • Van de Sande T, Roskams T, Lerut E, et al: High-level expression of fatty acid synthase in human prostate cancer tissues is linked to activation and nuclear localization of Akt/PKB. J Pathol 206: 214-219, 2005.
    • (2005) J Pathol , vol.206 , pp. 214-219
    • Van De Sande, T.1    Roskams, T.2    Lerut, E.3
  • 64
    • 84878889486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase 2 trial of single-Agent everolimus in chemotherapy-naive patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (SAKK 08/08)
    • Templeton AJ, Dutoit V, Cathomas R, et al: Phase 2 trial of single-Agent everolimus in chemotherapy-naive patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (SAKK 08/08). Eur Urol 64: 150-158, 2013.
    • (2013) Eur Urol , vol.64 , pp. 150-158
    • Templeton, A.J.1    Dutoit, V.2    Cathomas, R.3
  • 65
    • 84899680978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activating mTOR mutations in a patient with an extraordinary response on a phase I trial of everolimus and pazopanib
    • Wagle N, Grabiner BC, Van Allen EM, et al: Activating mTOR mutations in a patient with an extraordinary response on a phase I trial of everolimus and pazopanib. Cancer Discov 4: 546-553, 2014.
    • (2014) Cancer Discov , vol.4 , pp. 546-553
    • Wagle, N.1    Grabiner, B.C.2    Van Allen, E.M.3
  • 66
    • 84907200398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of two phase 1 multicenter trials of AZD5363, an inhibitor of AKT1, 2 and 3: Biomarker and early clinical evaluation in Western and Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors
    • abstract LB-66
    • Banerji U: Results of two phase 1 multicenter trials of AZD5363, an inhibitor of AKT1, 2 and 3: Biomarker and early clinical evaluation in Western and Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. 2013. Proc Annual Meeting Amer Assoc Cancer Res (abstract LB-66), 2013.
    • (2013) Proc Annual Meeting Amer Assoc Cancer Res , vol.2013
    • Banerji, U.1
  • 67
    • 38949099997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The AKT inhibitor perifosine in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: A phase II California/Pittsburgh cancer consortium trial
    • Chee KG, Longmate J, Quinn DI, et al: The AKT inhibitor perifosine in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: A phase II California/Pittsburgh cancer consortium trial. Clin Genitourin Cancer 5: 433-437, 2007.
    • (2007) Clin Genitourin Cancer , vol.5 , pp. 433-437
    • Chee, K.G.1    Longmate, J.2    Quinn, D.I.3
  • 68
    • 27744450731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II study of perifosine in androgen independent prostate cancer
    • Posadas EM, Gulley J, Arlen PM, et al: A phase II study of perifosine in androgen independent prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 4: 1133-1137, 2005.
    • (2005) Cancer Biol Ther , vol.4 , pp. 1133-1137
    • Posadas, E.M.1    Gulley, J.2    Arlen, P.M.3
  • 69
    • 84868691192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of the X-PECT study: A phase III randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of perifosine plus capecitabine (P-CAP) versus placebo plus capecitabine (CAP) in patients (pts) with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)
    • Bendell JC, Ervin TE, Senzer N, et al: Results of the X-PECT study: A phase III randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of perifosine plus capecitabine (P-CAP) versus placebo plus capecitabine (CAP) in patients (pts) with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). J Clin Oncol 30: LBA3501, 2012.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30 , pp. LBA3501
    • Bendell, J.C.1    Ervin, T.E.2    Senzer, N.3
  • 70
    • 84865074467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of metabolic effects associated with anticancer agents targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway
    • Busaidy NL, Farooki A, Dowlati A, et al: Management of metabolic effects associated with anticancer agents targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. J Clin Oncol 30: 2919-2928, 2012.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30 , pp. 2919-2928
    • Busaidy, N.L.1    Farooki, A.2    Dowlati, A.3
  • 71
    • 84856071447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I dose-escalation and -expansion study of buparlisib (BKM120), an oral pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors
    • Bendell JC, Rodon J, Burris HA, et al: Phase I dose-escalation and -expansion study of buparlisib (BKM120), an oral pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 30: 282-290, 2012.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30 , pp. 282-290
    • Bendell, J.C.1    Rodon, J.2    Burris, H.A.3
  • 72
    • 84868591659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and preliminary efficacy analysis of the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus in patients with taxane-Yreated, castration-resistant prostate cancer
    • Amato RJ, Wilding G, Bubley G, Loewy J, Haluska F and Gross ME: Safety and preliminary efficacy analysis of the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus in patients with taxane-Yreated, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 10: 232-238, 2012.
    • (2012) Clin Genitourin Cancer , vol.10 , pp. 232-238
    • Amato, R.J.1    Wilding, G.2    Bubley, G.3    Loewy, J.4    Haluska, F.5    Gross, M.E.6
  • 73
    • 84862777192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The translational landscape of mTOR signalling steers cancer initiation and metastasis
    • Hsieh AC, Liu Y, Edlind MP, et al: The translational landscape of mTOR signalling steers cancer initiation and metastasis. Nature 485: 55-61, 2012.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.485 , pp. 55-61
    • Hsieh, A.C.1    Liu, Y.2    Edlind, M.P.3
  • 74
    • 84907220700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abstract B187: Pharmacodynamics of OSI-027, a dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor, in tumor and surrogate tissues: Results from the expansion phase of a first-in-man study
    • Mateo J, Schoffski P, Olmos D, et al: Abstract B187: Pharmacodynamics of OSI-027, a dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor, in tumor and surrogate tissues: Results from the expansion phase of a first-in-man study. Mol Cancer Ther 12: B187, 2013.
    • (2013) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.12 , pp. B187
    • Mateo, J.1    Schoffski, P.2    Olmos, D.3
  • 75
    • 84863078767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer
    • Baselga J, Campone M, Piccart M, et al: Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 366: 520-529, 2012.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 520-529
    • Baselga, J.1    Campone, M.2    Piccart, M.3
  • 76
    • 84865739094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual targeting of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway inhibits castration-resistant prostate cancer in a genetically engineered mouse model
    • Floc'h N, Kinkade CW, Kobayashi T, et al: Dual targeting of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway inhibits castration-resistant prostate cancer in a genetically engineered mouse model. Cancer Res 72: 4483-4493, 2012.
    • (2012) Cancer Res , vol.72 , pp. 4483-4493
    • Floc'h, N.1    Kinkade, C.W.2    Kobayashi, T.3
  • 77
    • 84863599348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic activity of the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus and the antiandrogen bicalutamide in prostate cancer models
    • Squillace RM, Miller D, Wardwell SD, Wang F, Clackson T and Rivera VM: Synergistic activity of the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus and the antiandrogen bicalutamide in prostate cancer models. Int J Oncol 41: 425-432, 2012.
    • (2012) Int J Oncol , vol.41 , pp. 425-432
    • Squillace, R.M.1    Miller, D.2    Wardwell, S.D.3    Wang, F.4    Clackson, T.5    Rivera, V.M.6
  • 78
    • 84870901238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II trial of RAD001 and bicalutamide for castration-resistant prostate cancer
    • Nakabayashi M, Werner L, Courtney KD, et al: Phase II trial of RAD001 and bicalutamide for castration-resistant prostate cancer. BJU Int 110: 1729-1735, 2012.
    • (2012) BJU Int , vol.110 , pp. 1729-1735
    • Nakabayashi, M.1    Werner, L.2    Courtney, K.D.3
  • 79
    • 84907215362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic effects of everolimus and bicalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results from a phase I/II clinical trial
    • Pan C, Robles D, D'Abronzo L, et al: Synergistic effects of everolimus and bicalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results from a phase I/II clinical trial. Cancer Res 72: 5750, 2012.
    • (2012) Cancer Res , vol.72 , pp. 5750
    • Pan, C.1    Robles, D.2    D'Abronzo, L.3
  • 80
    • 84907194814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase Ib study of BKM120 combined with abiraterone acetate for castrate-resistant, metastatic prostate cancer
    • Patnaik A, Loda M, Kung J, et al: A phase Ib study of BKM120 combined with abiraterone acetate for castrate-resistant, metastatic prostate cancer. Proc 105th Annual Meeting Amer Assoc Cancer Res, abs. CT418, 2014.
    • (2014) Proc 105th Annual Meeting Amer Assoc Cancer Res
    • Patnaik, A.1    Loda, M.2    Kung, J.3
  • 81
    • 84894589324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor SAR245409 (XL765) in combination with erlotinib in patients with advanced solid tumors
    • Janne PA, Cohen RB, Laird AD, et al: Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor SAR245409 (XL765) in combination with erlotinib in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Thorac Oncol 9: 316-323, 2014.
    • (2014) J Thorac Oncol , vol.9 , pp. 316-323
    • Janne, P.A.1    Cohen, R.B.2    Laird, A.D.3
  • 82
    • 84885382690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics of ridaforolimus in combination with bicalutamide in patients with asymptomatic, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
    • Meulenbeld HJ, de Bono JS, Tagawa ST, et al: Tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics of ridaforolimus in combination with bicalutamide in patients with asymptomatic, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 72: 909-916, 2013.
    • (2013) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 909-916
    • Meulenbeld, H.J.1    De Bono, J.S.2    Tagawa, S.T.3
  • 83
    • 84887055147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of the PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 with a PSMA-Yargeted immunotoxin accelerates apoptosis and regression of prostate cancer
    • Baiz D, Hassan S, Choi YA, et al: Combination of the PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 with a PSMA-Yargeted immunotoxin accelerates apoptosis and regression of prostate cancer. Neoplasia 15: 1172-1183, 2013.
    • (2013) Neoplasia , vol.15 , pp. 1172-1183
    • Baiz, D.1    Hassan, S.2    Choi, Y.A.3
  • 84
    • 84890125270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 sensitizes docetaxel in castration resistant prostate cancer
    • Yasumizu Y, Miyajima A, Kosaka T, Miyazaki Y, Kikuchi E and Oya M: Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 sensitizes docetaxel in castration resistant prostate cancer. J Urol 191: 227-234, 2014.
    • (2014) J Urol , vol.191 , pp. 227-234
    • Yasumizu, Y.1    Miyajima, A.2    Kosaka, T.3    Miyazaki, Y.4    Kikuchi, E.5    Oya, M.6
  • 85
    • 84874049564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocked autophagy using lysosomotropic agents sensitizes resistant prostate tumor cells to the novel Akt inhibitor AZD5363
    • Lamoureux F, Thomas C, Crafter C, et al: Blocked autophagy using lysosomotropic agents sensitizes resistant prostate tumor cells to the novel Akt inhibitor AZD5363. Clin Cancer Res 19: 833-844, 2013.
    • (2013) Clin Cancer Res , vol.19 , pp. 833-844
    • Lamoureux, F.1    Thomas, C.2    Crafter, C.3
  • 86
    • 84878572236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of receptor tyrosine kinases by small molecule AKT inhibitors in prostate cancer is mediated by Pim-1
    • Cen B, Mahajan S, Wang W and Kraft AS: Elevation of receptor tyrosine kinases by small molecule AKT inhibitors in prostate cancer is mediated by Pim-1. Cancer Res 73: 3402-3411, 2013.
    • (2013) Cancer Res , vol.73 , pp. 3402-3411
    • Cen, B.1    Mahajan, S.2    Wang, W.3    Kraft, A.S.4
  • 87
    • 51349111250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting AKT/mTOR and ERK MAPK signaling inhibits hormonerefractory prostate cancer in a preclinical mouse model
    • Kinkade CW, Castillo-Martin M, Puzio-Kuter A, et al: Targeting AKT/mTOR and ERK MAPK signaling inhibits hormonerefractory prostate cancer in a preclinical mouse model. J Clin Invest 118: 3051-3064, 2008.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 3051-3064
    • Kinkade, C.W.1    Castillo-Martin, M.2    Puzio-Kuter, A.3
  • 88
    • 84862543359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of Rad001 (everolimus) and propachlor synergistically induces apoptosis through enhanced autophagy in prostate cancer cells
    • Tai S, Sun Y, Liu N, et al: Combination of Rad001 (everolimus) and propachlor synergistically induces apoptosis through enhanced autophagy in prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 11: 1320-1331, 2012.
    • (2012) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.11 , pp. 1320-1331
    • Tai, S.1    Sun, Y.2    Liu, N.3
  • 89
    • 44849099444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt down-modulation induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells and synergizes with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
    • Festuccia C, Gravina GL, Muzi P, et al: Akt down-modulation induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells and synergizes with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Prostate 68: 965-974, 2008.
    • (2008) Prostate , vol.68 , pp. 965-974
    • Festuccia, C.1    Gravina, G.L.2    Muzi, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.