메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 2039-2064

Description and basic evaluation of Beijing Normal University Earth System Model (BNU-ESM) version 1

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL CYCLE; CLIMATE MODELING; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GLOBAL OCEAN; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TIMESCALE; UPWELLING; WESTERLY;

EID: 84907071480     PISSN: 1991959X     EISSN: 19919603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-2039-2014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (224)

References (166)
  • 2
    • 0346152820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A monthly and latitudinally varying volcanic forcing dataset in simulations of 20th century climate
    • Ammann, C. M., Meehl, G. A., Washington, W. M., and Zender, C.: A monthly and latitudinally varying volcanic forcing dataset in simulations of 20th century climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1657, doi:10.1029/2003GL016875, 2003.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 1657
    • Ammann, C.M.1    Meehl, G.A.2    Washington, W.M.3    Zender, C.4
  • 3
    • 84884226683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the land and ocean components of the global carbon cycle in the cmip5 earth system models
    • Anav, A., Friedlingstein, P., Kidston, M., Bopp, L., Ciais, P., Cox, P., Jones, C., Jung, M., Myneni, R., and Zhu, Z.: Evaluating the Land and Ocean Components of the Global Carbon Cycle in the CMIP5 Earth System Models, J. Climate, 26, 6801-6843, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00417.1, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 6801-6843
    • Anav, A.1    Friedlingstein, P.2    Kidston, M.3    Bopp, L.4    Ciais, P.5    Cox, P.6    Jones, C.7    Jung, M.8    Myneni, R.9    Zhu, Z.10
  • 4
    • 26244453305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional heat sources and the active and break phases of boreal summer intraseasonal (30-50 day) variability
    • Annamalai, H. and Sperber, K. R.: Regional heat sources and the active and break phases of boreal summer intraseasonal (30-50 day) variability, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2726-2748, doi:10.1175/JAS3504.1, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 2726-2748
    • Annamalai, H.1    Sperber, K.R.2
  • 5
    • 0021532612 scopus 로고
    • The earth radiation budget experiment
    • Barkstrom, B. R.: The earth radiation budget experiment, Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 65, 1170-1185, 1984.
    • (1984) Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. , vol.65 , pp. 1170-1185
    • Barkstrom, B.R.1
  • 7
    • 84897571123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO representation in climate models: From CMIP3 to CMIP5
    • Bellenger, H., Guilyardi, E., Leloup, J., Lengaigne, M., and Vialard, J.: ENSO representation in climate models: From CMIP3 to CMIP5, Clim. Dynam., 42, 1999-2018, doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1783-z, 2013.
    • (2013) Clim. Dynam. , vol.42 , pp. 1999-2018
    • Bellenger, H.1    Guilyardi, E.2    Leloup, J.3    Lengaigne, M.4    Vialard, J.5
  • 9
    • 0000397542 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific
    • Bjerknes, J.: Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific, Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 163-172, 1969.
    • (1969) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.97 , pp. 163-172
    • Bjerknes, J.1
  • 11
    • 0031663905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The land surface climatology of the NCAR Land Surface Model coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model
    • Bonan, G. B.: The land surface climatology of the NCAR Land Surface Model coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model, J. Climate, 11, 1307-1326, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 1307-1326
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 12
    • 81955163279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving canopy processes in the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) using global flux fields empirically inferred from FLUXNET data
    • Bonan, G. B., Lawrence, P. J., Oleson, K. W., Levis, S., Jung, M., Reichstein, M., Lawrence, D. M., and Swenson, S. C.: Improving canopy processes in the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) using global flux fields empirically inferred from FLUXNET data, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G02014, doi:10.1029/2010JG001593, 2011.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116 , pp. G02014
    • Bonan, G.B.1    Lawrence, P.J.2    Oleson, K.W.3    Levis, S.4    Jung, M.5    Reichstein, M.6    Lawrence, D.M.7    Swenson, S.C.8
  • 13
    • 84878087701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of surface winds over the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean in CMIP5 models: Histor-ical bias, forcing response, and state dependence
    • Bracegirdle, T. J., Shuckburgh, E., Sallee, J.-B., Wang, Z., Meijers, A. J. S., Bruneau, N., Phillips, T., and Wilcox, L. J.: Assessment of surface winds over the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean in CMIP5 models: histor-ical bias, forcing response, and state dependence, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 547-562, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50153, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.118 , pp. 547-562
    • Bracegirdle, T.J.1    Shuckburgh, E.2    Sallee, J.-B.3    Wang, Z.4    Meijers, A.J.S.5    Bruneau, N.6    Phillips, T.7    Wilcox, L.J.8
  • 14
    • 0034670341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual and interdecadal variations of the east asian summer monsoon and tropical pacific ssts, part I: Roles of the subtropical ridge
    • Chang, C.-P., Zhang, Y., and Li, T.: Interannual and Interdecadal Variations of the East Asian Summer Monsoon and Tropical Pacific SSTs, Part I: Roles of the Subtropical Ridge, J. Climate, 13, 4310-4325, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2000)0132.0.CO;2, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 4310-4325
    • Chang, C.-P.1    Zhang, Y.2    Li, T.3
  • 16
    • 84876438721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud and water vapor feedbacks to the el niño warming: Are they still biased in cmip5 models?
    • Chen, L., Yu, Y., and Sun, D.-Z.: Cloud and Water Vapor Feedbacks to the El Niño Warming: Are They Still Biased in CMIP5 Models?, J. Climate, 26, 4947-4961, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00575.1, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 4947-4961
    • Chen, L.1    Yu, Y.2    Sun, D.-Z.3
  • 19
    • 84907078334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boulder Colorado USA available at (last access: October 2013)
    • Boulder, Colorado USA: NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, available at: http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/nsidc0079-bootstrap-seaice.gd.html (last access: October 2013), 1999.
    • (1999) NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center
  • 20
    • 0041322539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport and variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage
    • Cunningham, S., Alderson, S., King, B., and Brandon, M.: Transport and variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8084, doi:10.1029/2001JC001147, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 8084
    • Cunningham, S.1    Alderson, S.2    King, B.3    Brandon, M.4
  • 21
    • 3042968759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A land surface model (IAP94) for climate studies Part I: Formulation and validation in off-line experiments
    • Dai, Y. and Zeng, Q.: A land surface model (IAP94) for climate studies. Part I: formulation and validation in off-line experiments, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 14, 433-460, 1997.
    • (1997) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 433-460
    • Dai, Y.1    Zeng, Q.2
  • 22
    • 0005523373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and Coauthors: Common Land Model available at (last access: January 2014)
    • Dai, Y., Zeng, X., Dickinson, R. E., and Coauthors: Common Land Model: Technical documentation and users guide, available at: http://globalchange.bnu.edu.cn/download/doc/CoLM/CoLM-doc.tar.gz (last access: January 2014), 2001.
    • (2001) Technical Documentation and Users Guide
    • Dai, Y.1    Zeng, X.2    Dickinson, R.E.3
  • 24
    • 3242682645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-big-leaf model for canopy temperature, photosyn thesis, and stomatal conductance
    • Dai, Y., Dickinson, R. E., and Wang, Y.-P.: A two-big-leaf model for canopy temperature, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance, J. Climate, 17, 2281-2299, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)0172.0.CO;2, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 2281-2299
    • Dai, Y.1    Dickinson, R.E.2    Wang, Y.-P.3
  • 26
    • 34547860757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transient atmospheric circulation response to North Atlantic SST and sea ice anomalies
    • Deser, C., Tomas, R. A., and Peng, S.: The transient atmospheric circulation response to North Atlantic SST and sea ice anomalies, J. Climate, 20, 4751-4767, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 4751-4767
    • Deser, C.1    Tomas, R.A.2    Peng, S.3
  • 31
    • 84874077692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief communication Important role of the midtropospheric atmospheric circulation in the recent surface melt increase over the Greenland ice sheet
    • Fettweis, X., Hanna, E., Lang, C., Belleflamme, A., Erpicum, M., and Gallée, H.: Brief communication Important role of the midtropospheric atmospheric circulation in the recent surface melt increase over the Greenland ice sheet, The Cryosphere, 7, 241-248, doi:10.5194/tc-7-241-2013, 2013.
    • (2013) The Cryosphere , vol.7 , pp. 241-248
    • Fettweis, X.1    Hanna, E.2    Lang, C.3    Belleflamme, A.4    Erpicum, M.5    Gallée, H.6
  • 33
    • 78650538654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Pacific Decadal Variability and Climate Change in the IPCC AR4 Models
    • Furtado, J. C., Lorenzo, E. D., Schneider, N., and Bond, N. A.: North Pacific Decadal Variability and Climate Change in the IPCC AR4 Models, J. Climate, 24, 3049-3067, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3584.1, 2011.
    • (2011) J. Climate , vol.24 , pp. 3049-3067
    • Furtado, J.C.1    Lorenzo, E.D.2    Schneider, N.3    Bond, N.A.4
  • 34
    • 77951880275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvements in a half degree atmosphere/land version of the CCSM
    • Gent, P. R., Yeager, S. G., Neale, R. B., Levis, S., and Bailey, D. A.: Improvements in a half degree atmosphere/land version of the CCSM, Clim. Dynam., 34, 819-833, doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0614-8, 2010.
    • (2010) Clim. Dynam. , vol.34 , pp. 819-833
    • Gent, P.R.1    Yeager, S.G.2    Neale, R.B.3    Levis, S.4    Bailey, D.A.5
  • 37
    • 84876899860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annular mode changes in the CMIP5 simulations
    • Gillett, N. P. and Fyfe, J. C.: Annular mode changes in the CMIP5 simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1189-1193, doi:10.1002/grl.50249, 2013.
    • (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.40 , pp. 1189-1193
    • Gillett, N.P.1    Fyfe, J.C.2
  • 38
    • 49249113376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance metrics for climate models
    • Gleckler, P. J., Taylor, K. E., and Doutriaux, C.: Performance metrics for climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D06104, doi:10.1029/2007JD008972, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113 , pp. D06104
    • Gleckler, P.J.1    Taylor, K.E.2    Doutriaux, C.3
  • 39
    • 77949658547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Report No. 6, NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
    • Griffies, S. M.: Elements of MOM4p1, GFDL Ocean Group Technical Report No. 6, NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, 444 pp., 2010.
    • (2010) Elements of MOM4p1, GFDL Ocean Group , pp. 444
    • Griffies, S.M.1
  • 42
    • 77649325454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmosphere Feedbacks during ENSO in a Coupled GCM with a Modified Atmospheric Convection Scheme
    • Guilyardi, E., Braconnot, P., Jin, F.-F., Kim, S. T., Kolasinski, M., Li, T., and Musat, I.: Atmosphere Feedbacks during ENSO in a Coupled GCM with a Modified Atmospheric Convection Scheme, J. Climate, 22, 5698-5718, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2815.1, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 5698-5718
    • Guilyardi, E.1    Braconnot, P.2    Jin, F.-F.3    Kim, S.T.4    Kolasinski, M.5    Li, T.6    Musat, I.7
  • 43
    • 67650527129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projected changes to the southern hemisphere ocean and sea ice in the IPCC AR4 climate models
    • Gupta, A. S., Santoso, A., Taschetto, A. S., Ummenhofer, C. C., Trevena, J., and England, M. H.: Projected changes to the southern hemisphere ocean and sea ice in the IPCC AR4 climate models, J. Climate, 22, 3047-3078, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2827.1, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 3047-3078
    • Gupta, A.S.1    Santoso, A.2    Taschetto, A.S.3    Ummenhofer, C.C.4    Trevena, J.5    England, M.H.6
  • 44
    • 84896707401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations
    • Harris, I., Jones, P. D., Osborn, T. J., and Lister, D. H.: Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 623-642, doi:10.1002/joc.3711, 2014.
    • (2014) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.34 , pp. 623-642
    • Harris, I.1    Jones, P.D.2    Osborn, T.J.3    Lister, D.H.4
  • 46
    • 84878987485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MJo and convectively coupled equatorial waves simulated by cmip5 climate models
    • Hung, M.-P., Lin, J.-L., Wang, W., Kim, D., Shinoda, T., and Weaver, S. J.: MJO and Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves Simulated by CMIP5 Climate Models, J. Climate, 26, 6185-6214, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00541.1, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 6185-6214
    • Hung, M.-P.1    Lin, J.-L.2    Wang, W.3    Kim, D.4    Shinoda, T.5    Weaver, S.J.6
  • 49
    • 79960550123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A historical meta-analysis of global terrestrial net primary productivity: Are estimates converging?
    • Ito, A.: A historical meta-analysis of global terrestrial net primary productivity: are estimates converging?, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 3161-3175, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02450.x, 2011.
    • (2011) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 3161-3175
    • Ito, A.1
  • 50
    • 84883205501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • available at (last access: January 2014)
    • Ji, D. and Dai, Y.: The Common Land Model (CoLM) Technical Guide, available at: http://globalchange.bnu.edu.cn/download/doc/CoLM/CoLM-Technical-Guide.pdf (last access: January 2014), 2010.
    • (2010) The Common Land Model (CoLM) Technical Guide
    • Ji, D.1    Dai, Y.2
  • 51
    • 34548636470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coupled-stability index for ENSO
    • Jin, F.-F., Kim, S. T., and Bejarano, L.: A coupled-stability index for ENSO, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L23708, doi:10.1029/2006GL027221, 2006.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , pp. L23708
    • Jin, F.-F.1    Kim, S.T.2    Bejarano, L.3
  • 52
    • 0043272180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation
    • Jobbágy, E. G. and Jackson, R. B.: The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation, Ecol. Appl., 10, 423-436, doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0423:TVDOSO]2.0.CO;2, 2000.
    • (2000) Ecol. Appl. , vol.10 , pp. 423-436
    • Jobbágy, E.G.1    Jackson, R.B.2
  • 53
    • 33745230816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature advection by tropical instability waves
    • Jochum, M. and Murtugudde, R.: Temperature advection by tropical instability waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 592-605, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.36 , pp. 592-605
    • Jochum, M.1    Murtugudde, R.2
  • 54
    • 0033190393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the ocean heat budget closure problem from analysis of the SOC airsea flux climatology
    • Josey, S. A., Kent, E. C., and Taylor, P. K.: New insights into the ocean heat budget closure problem from analysis of the SOC airsea flux climatology, J. Climate, 12, 2856-2880, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 2856-2880
    • Josey, S.A.1    Kent, E.C.2    Taylor, P.K.3
  • 56
    • 84859950845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposing Global Cloud Biases in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) Using Satellite Observations and Their Corresponding Instrument Simulators
    • Kay, J. E., Hillman, B. R., Klein, S. A., Zhang, Y., Medeiros, B., Pincus, R., Gettelman, A., Eaton, B., Boyle, J., Marchand, R., and Ackerman, T. P.: Exposing Global Cloud Biases in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) Using Satellite Observations and Their Corresponding Instrument Simulators, J. Climate, 25, 5190-5207, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00469.1, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Climate , vol.25 , pp. 5190-5207
    • Kay, J.E.1    Hillman, B.R.2    Klein, S.A.3    Zhang, Y.4    Medeiros, B.5    Pincus, R.6    Gettelman, A.7    Eaton, B.8    Boyle, J.9    Marchand, R.10    Ackerman, T.P.11
  • 57
    • 0027062559 scopus 로고
    • Circulation anomalies associated with tropical convection during northern winter
    • Kiladis, G. N. and Weickmann, K. M.: Circulation anomalies associated with tropical convection during northern winter, Mon. Weather Rev., 120, 1900-1923, 1992.
    • (1992) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 1900-1923
    • Kiladis, G.N.1    Weickmann, K.M.2
  • 58
    • 44849107581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical Pacific impacts of convective momentum transport in the SNU coupled GCM
    • Kim, D., Kug, J.-S., Kang, I.-S., Jin, F.-F., and Wittenberg, A. T.: Tropical Pacific impacts of convective momentum transport in the SNU coupled GCM, Clim. Dynam., 31, 213-226, 2008.
    • (2008) Clim. Dynam. , vol.31 , pp. 213-226
    • Kim, D.1    Kug, J.-S.2    Kang, I.-S.3    Jin, F.-F.4    Wittenberg, A.T.5
  • 61
    • 0020330428 scopus 로고
    • The 30-50-day mode at 850 mb during MONEX
    • Krishnamurti, T. N. and Subrahmanyam, D.: The 30-50-day mode at 850 mb during MONEX, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2088-2095, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 2088-2095
    • Krishnamurti, T.N.1    Subrahmanyam, D.2
  • 64
    • 0028591570 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary mixing parameterization
    • Large, W., McWilliams, J. C., and Doney, S. C.: Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary mixing parameterization, Rev. Geophys., 32, 363-403, 1994.
    • (1994) Rev. Geophys. , vol.32 , pp. 363-403
    • Large, W.1    McWilliams, J.C.2    Doney, S.C.3
  • 65
    • 0035246095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equatorial circulation of a global ocean climate model with anisotropic horizontal viscosity
    • Large, W. G., Danabasoglu, G., McWilliams, J. C., Gent, P. R., and Bryan, F. O.: Equatorial circulation of a global ocean climate model with anisotropic horizontal viscosity, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 518-536, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.31 , pp. 518-536
    • Large, W.G.1    Danabasoglu, G.2    McWilliams, J.C.3    Gent, P.R.4    Bryan, F.O.5
  • 66
    • 0022823280 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the 40-50 day oscillation during the northern summer as inferred from outgoing longwave radiation
    • Lau, K.-M. and Chan, P. H.: Aspects of the 40-50 day oscillation during the northern summer as inferred from outgoing longwave radiation, Mon. Weather Rev., 114, 1354-1367, 1986.
    • (1986) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.114 , pp. 1354-1367
    • Lau, K.-M.1    Chan, P.H.2
  • 70
    • 28444446271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SORCE contributions to new understanding of global change and solar variability
    • Lean, J., Rottman, G., Harder, J., and Kopp, G.: SORCE contributions to new understanding of global change and solar variability, Sol. Phys., 230, 27-53, 2005.
    • (2005) Sol. Phys. , vol.230 , pp. 27-53
    • Lean, J.1    Rottman, G.2    Harder, J.3    Kopp, G.4
  • 71
    • 66949147986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of clouds on atmospheric heating based on the R04 CloudSat fluxes and heating rates data set
    • LEcuyer, T. S., Wood, N. B., Haladay, T., Stephens, G. L., and Stackhouse Jr., P. W.: Impact of clouds on atmospheric heating based on the R04 CloudSat fluxes and heating rates data set, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00A15, doi:10.1029/2008JD009951, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113 , pp. D00A15
    • Lecuyer, T.S.1    Wood, N.B.2    Haladay, T.3    Stephens, G.L.4    Stackhouse, P.W.5
  • 72
    • 84893830438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical biases in cmip5 multimodel ensemble: The excessive equatorial pacific cold tongue and double itcz problems
    • Li, G. and Xie, S.-P.: Tropical Biases in CMIP5 Multimodel Ensemble: The Excessive Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue and Double ITCZ Problems, J. Climate, 27, 1765-1780, doi:10.1175/JCLID-13-00337.1, 2014.
    • (2014) J. Climate , vol.27 , pp. 1765-1780
    • Li, G.1    Xie, S.-P.2
  • 73
    • 77951667446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of East Asian summer monsoon to historical SST and atmospheric forcing during 1950-2000
    • Li, H., Dai, A., Zhou, T., and Lu, J.: Responses of East Asian summer monsoon to historical SST and atmospheric forcing during 1950-2000, Clim. Dynam., 34, 501-514, 2010.
    • (2010) Clim. Dynam. , vol.34 , pp. 501-514
    • Li, H.1    Dai, A.2    Zhou, T.3    Lu, J.4
  • 74
    • 35448994853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Double-itcz problem in ipcc ar4 coupled gcms: Ocean-atmosphere feedback analysis
    • Lin, J.-L.: The Double-ITCZ Problem in IPCC AR4 Coupled GCMs: Ocean-Atmosphere Feedback Analysis, J. Climate, 20, 4497-4525, doi:10.1175/JCLI4272.1, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 4497-4525
    • Lin, J.-L.1
  • 76
    • 84881084909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing spread in climate model projections of a September icefree Arctic
    • Liu, J., Song, M., Horton, R. M., and Hu, Y.: Reducing spread in climate model projections of a September icefree Arctic, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 12571-12576, doi:10.1073/pnas.1219716110, 2013.
    • (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.110 , pp. 12571-12576
    • Liu, J.1    Song, M.2    Horton, R.M.3    Hu, Y.4
  • 77
    • 0028159926 scopus 로고
    • On the temperature dependence of soil respiration
    • Lloyd, J. and Taylor, J. A.: On the temperature dependence of soil respiration, Funct. Ecol., 8, 315-323, 1994.
    • (1994) Funct. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 315-323
    • Lloyd, J.1    Taylor, J.A.2
  • 79
    • 77949915710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 1: Effects of different solver implementations and parameterizations
    • Losch, M., Menemenlis, D., Campin, J.-M., Heimbach, P., and Hill, C.: On the formulation of sea-ice models. Part 1: Effects of different solver implementations and parameterizations, Ocean Model., 33, 129-144, 2010.
    • (2010) Ocean Model. , vol.33 , pp. 129-144
    • Losch, M.1    Menemenlis, D.2    Campin, J.-M.3    Heimbach, P.4    Hill, C.5
  • 80
    • 35048855210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global ocean meridional overturning
    • Lumpkin, R. and Speer, K.: Global ocean meridional overturning, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 2550-2562, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.37 , pp. 2550-2562
    • Lumpkin, R.1    Speer, K.2
  • 82
    • 0000462522 scopus 로고
    • Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific
    • Madden, R. and Julian, P.: Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708, 1971.
    • (1971) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 702-708
    • Madden, R.1    Julian, P.2
  • 83
    • 0000107799 scopus 로고
    • Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period
    • Madden, R. and Julian, P.: Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109-1123, 1972.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 1109-1123
    • Madden, R.1    Julian, P.2
  • 87
    • 84870942908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the CMIP5 climate models and future changes under warming scenarios
    • Meijers, A. J. S., Shuckburgh, E., Bruneau, N., Sallee, J.-B., Bracegirdle, T. J., and Wang, Z.: Representation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the CMIP5 climate models and future changes under warming scenarios, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C12008, doi:10.1029/2012JC008412, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117 , pp. C12008
    • Meijers, A.J.S.1    Shuckburgh, E.2    Bruneau, N.3    Sallee, J.-B.4    Bracegirdle, T.J.5    Wang, Z.6
  • 88
    • 33745765228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modeling study of the impact of tropical instability waves on the heat budget of the eastern equatorial Pacific
    • Menkes, C., Vialard, J., Kennan, S. C., Boulanger, J.-P., and Madec, G. V.: A modeling study of the impact of tropical instability waves on the heat budget of the eastern equatorial Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 847-865, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.36 , pp. 847-865
    • Menkes, C.1    Vialard, J.2    Kennan, S.C.3    Boulanger, J.-P.4    Madec, G.V.5
  • 90
    • 0030188170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit generation of orthogonal grids for ocean models
    • Murray, R. J.: Explicit generation of orthogonal grids for ocean models, J. Comput. Phys., 126, 251-273, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Comput. Phys. , vol.126 , pp. 251-273
    • Murray, R.J.1
  • 91
    • 56649113912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of convection on ENSO: From a delayed oscillator to a series of events
    • Neale, R. B., Richter, J. H., and Jochum, M.: The impact of convection on ENSO: From a delayed oscillator to a series of events, J. Climate, 21, 5904-5924, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 5904-5924
    • Neale, R.B.1    Richter, J.H.2    Jochum, M.3
  • 93
    • 84874797242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mean Climate of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4) in Forced SST and Fully Coupled Experiments
    • Neale, R. B., Richter, J., Park, S., Lauritzen, P. H., Vavrus, S. J., Rasch, P. J., and Zhang, M.: The Mean Climate of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4) in Forced SST and Fully Coupled Experiments, J. Climate, 26, 5150-5168, doi:10.1175/JCLID-12-00236.1, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 5150-5168
    • Neale, R.B.1    Richter, J.2    Park, S.3    Lauritzen, P.H.4    Vavrus, S.J.5    Rasch, P.J.6    Zhang, M.7
  • 94
    • 0029476847 scopus 로고
    • Ocean-atmosphere interaction and the tropical climatology, Part I: The dangers of flux correction
    • Neelin, J. D. and Dijkstra, H. A.: Ocean-atmosphere interaction and the tropical climatology, Part I: The dangers of flux correction, J. Climate, 8, 1325-1342, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1325-1342
    • Neelin, J.D.1    Dijkstra, H.A.2
  • 96
    • 0033046599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulation, mixing, and production of Antarctic bottom water
    • Orsi, A. H., Johnson, G. C., and Bullister, J. L.: Circulation, mixing, and production of Antarctic bottom water, Prog. Oceanogr., 43, 55-109, 1999.
    • (1999) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.43 , pp. 55-109
    • Orsi, A.H.1    Johnson, G.C.2    Bullister, J.L.3
  • 97
    • 0024571868 scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
    • Ramanathan, V., Cess, R. D., Harrison, E. F., Minnis, P., Barkstrom, B. R., Ahmad, E., and Hartmann, D.: Radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, Science, 243, 57-63, doi:10.1126/science.243.4887.57, 1989.
    • (1989) Science , vol.243 , pp. 57-63
    • Ramanathan, V.1    Cess, R.D.2    Harrison, E.F.3    Minnis, P.4    Barkstrom, B.R.5    Ahmad, E.6    Hartmann, D.7
  • 98
    • 0022923581 scopus 로고
    • A stochastic mixing model for non-precipitating cumulus clouds
    • Raymond, D. J. and Blyth, A. M.: A stochastic mixing model for non-precipitating cumulus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2708-2718, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 2708-2718
    • Raymond, D.J.1    Blyth, A.M.2
  • 99
    • 0027079646 scopus 로고
    • Extension of the stochastic mixing model to cumulonimbus clouds
    • Raymond, D. J. and Blyth, A. M.: Extension of the stochastic mixing model to cumulonimbus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1968-1983, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 1968-1983
    • Raymond, D.J.1    Blyth, A.M.2
  • 101
    • 0742305193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global analyses of sea surface temperature sea ice and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century
    • Rayner, N. A., Parker, D. E., Horton, E. B., Folland, C. K., Alexander, L. V., Rowell, D. P., Kent, E. C., and Kaplan, A.: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 4407
    • Rayner, N.A.1    Parker, D.E.2    Horton, E.B.3    Folland, C.K.4    Alexander, L.V.5    Rowell, D.P.6    Kent, E.C.7    Kaplan, A.8
  • 102
    • 0036648346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate
    • Reynolds, R. W., Rayner, N. A., Smith, T. M., Stokes, D. C., and Wang, W.: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate, J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 1609-1625
    • Reynolds, R.W.1    Rayner, N.A.2    Smith, T.M.3    Stokes, D.C.4    Wang, W.5
  • 103
    • 44449134118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of convective momentum transport on the atmospheric circulation in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3
    • Richter, J. H. and Rasch, P. J.: Effects of convective momentum transport on the atmospheric circulation in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3, J. Climate, 21, 1487-1499, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 1487-1499
    • Richter, J.H.1    Rasch, P.J.2
  • 105
    • 10744224706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of an Eddy-Permitting Ocean Resolution on Control and Climate Change Simulations with a Global Coupled GCM
    • Roberts, M. J., Banks, H., Gedney, N., Gregory, J., Hill, R., Mullerworth, S., Pardaens, A., Rickard, G., Thorpe, R., and Wood, R.: Impact of an Eddy-Permitting Ocean Resolution on Control and Climate Change Simulations with a Global Coupled GCM, J. Climate, 17, 3-20, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)0172.0.CO;2, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 3-20
    • Roberts, M.J.1    Banks, H.2    Gedney, N.3    Gregory, J.4    Hill, R.5    Mullerworth, S.6    Pardaens, A.7    Rickard, G.8    Thorpe, R.9    Wood, R.10
  • 106
    • 84883151474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The present and future of the west african monsoon: A process-oriented assessment of cmip5 simulations along the amma transect
    • Roehrig, R., Bouniol, D., Guichard, F., Hourdin, F., and Redelsperger, J.-L.: The Present and Future of the West African Monsoon: A Process-Oriented Assessment of CMIP5 Simulations along the AMMA Transect, J. Climate, 26, 6471-6505, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00505.1, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Climate , vol.26 , pp. 6471-6505
    • Roehrig, R.1    Bouniol, D.2    Guichard, F.3    Hourdin, F.4    Redelsperger, J.-L.5
  • 107
    • 0042323504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP
    • Rossow, W. B. and Schiffer, R. A.: Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP, Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2261-2287, 1999.
    • (1999) Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. , vol.80 , pp. 2261-2287
    • Rossow, W.B.1    Schiffer, R.A.2
  • 108
    • 1642602679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Web Site: An Online Resource for Research
    • Rossow, W. B. and Dueñas, E. N.: The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Web Site: An Online Resource for Research, Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 85, 167-172, doi:10.1175/BAMS-85-2-167, 2004.
    • (2004) Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. , vol.85 , pp. 167-172
    • Rossow, W.B.1    Dueñas, E.N.2
  • 109
    • 84881143891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations in the latest CMIP5 coupled GCMs
    • Sabeerali, C. T., Dandi, A. R., Dhakate, A., Salunke, K., Mahapatra, S., and Rao, S. A.: Simulation of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations in the latest CMIP5 coupled GCMs, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 4401-4420, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50403, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.118 , pp. 4401-4420
    • Sabeerali, C.T.1    Dandi, A.R.2    Dhakate, A.3    Salunke, K.4    Mahapatra, S.5    Rao, S.A.6
  • 112
    • 0036501538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding differences between the equatorial Pacific as simulated by two coupled GCMs
    • Schneider, E. K.: Understanding differences between the equatorial Pacific as simulated by two coupled GCMs, J. Climate, 15, 449-469, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 449-469
    • Schneider, E.K.1
  • 113
    • 33745713495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ocean mesoscale variability on the mean state of tropical Atlantic climate
    • Seo, H., Jochum, M., Murtugudde, R., and Miller, A. J.: Effect of ocean mesoscale variability on the mean state of tropical Atlantic climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L09606, doi:10.1029/2005GL025651, 2006.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33 , pp. L09606
    • Seo, H.1    Jochum, M.2    Murtugudde, R.3    Miller, A.J.4
  • 114
    • 84878120039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate extremes indices in the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble: Part 1. Model evaluation in the present climate
    • Sillmann, J., Kharin, V. V., Zhang, X., Zwiers, F.W., and Bronaugh, D.: Climate extremes indices in the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble: Part 1. Model evaluation in the present climate, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 1716-1733, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50203, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.118 , pp. 1716-1733
    • Sillmann, J.1    Kharin, V.V.2    Zhang, X.3    Zwiers, F.W.4    Bronaugh, D.5
  • 115
    • 0035049720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NVAP global water vapor dataset: Independent cross-comparison and multiyear variability
    • Simpson, J. J., Berg, J. S., Koblinsky, C. J., Hufford, G. L., and Beckley, B.: The NVAP global water vapor dataset: Independent cross-comparison and multiyear variability, Remote Sens. Environ., 76, 112-129, 2001.
    • (2001) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.76 , pp. 112-129
    • Simpson, J.J.1    Berg, J.S.2    Koblinsky, C.J.3    Hufford, G.L.4    Beckley, B.5
  • 117
    • 27644469907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The radiative signature of upper tropospheric moistening
    • Soden, B. J., Jackson, D. L., Ramaswamy, V., Schwarzkopf, M. D., and Huang, X. L.: The radiative signature of upper tropospheric moistening, Science, 310, 841-844, doi:10.1126/science.1115602, 2005.
    • (2005) Science , Issue.310 , pp. 841-844
    • Soden, B.J.1    Jackson, D.L.2    Ramaswamy, V.3    Schwarzkopf, M.D.4    Huang, X.L.5
  • 118
    • 84864064978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simplified metrics for the identification of the Madden-Julian oscillation in models
    • Sperber, K., and Kim, D.: Simplified metrics for the identification of the Madden-Julian oscillation in models, Atmos. Sci. Lett., 13, 187-193, doi:10.1002/asl.378, 2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Sci. Lett. , vol.13 , pp. 187-193
    • Sperber, K.1    Kim, D.2
  • 119
    • 69249182363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing general circulation model simulations of atmospheric teleconnection patterns
    • Stoner, A. M. K., Hayhoe, K., and Wuebbles, D. J.: Assessing General Circulation Model Simulations of Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns, J. Climate, 22, 4348-4372, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2577.1, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 4348-4372
    • Stoner, A.M.K.1    Hayhoe, K.2    Wuebbles, D.J.3
  • 120
    • 64049117621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical water vapor and cloud feedbacks in climate models: A further assessment using coupled simulations
    • Sun, D.-Z., Yu, Y., and Zhang, T.: Tropical Water Vapor and Cloud Feedbacks in Climate Models: A Further Assessment Using Coupled Simulations, J. Climate, 22, 1287-1304, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2267.1, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 1287-1304
    • Sun, D.-Z.1    Yu, Y.2    Zhang, T.3
  • 123
    • 0034962651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram
    • Taylor, K. E.: Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7183-7192, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 7183-7192
    • Taylor, K.E.1
  • 124
    • 77956354489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • available at (last access: October 2013) (with updates/corrections made 22 January 2011)
    • Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., and Meehl, G. A.: A Summary of the CMIP5 Experiment Design, available at: http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/docs/Taylor-CMIP5-design.pdf (last access: October 2013), 2009 (with updates/corrections made 22 January 2011).
    • (2009) A Summary of the CMIP5 Experiment Design
    • Taylor, K.E.1    Stouffer, R.J.2    Meehl, G.A.3
  • 125
    • 84860684669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of cmip5 and the experiment design
    • Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., and Meehl, G. A.: An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design, Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 93, 485-498, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1, 2012.
    • (2012) Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. , vol.93 , pp. 485-498
    • Taylor, K.E.1    Stouffer, R.J.2    Meehl, G.A.3
  • 127
    • 27644445235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem model spin-up: Estimating steady state conditions in a coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycle model
    • Thornton, P. E. and Rosenbloom, N. A.: Ecosystem model spin-up: estimating steady state conditions in a coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycle model, Ecol. Model., 189, 25-48, 2005.
    • (2005) Ecol. Model. , vol.189 , pp. 25-48
    • Thornton, P.E.1    Rosenbloom, N.A.2
  • 128
    • 84877937021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating CMIP5 Models using AIRS Tropospheric Air Temperature and Specific Humidity Climatology
    • Tian, B., Fetzer, E. J., Kahn, B. H., Teixeira, J., Manning, E., and Hearty, T.: Evaluating CMIP5 Models using AIRS Tropospheric Air Temperature and Specific Humidity Climatology, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 114-134, doi:10.1029/2012JD018607, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , vol.118 , pp. 114-134
    • Tian, B.1    Fetzer, E.J.2    Kahn, B.H.3    Teixeira, J.4    Manning, E.5    Hearty, T.6
  • 129
    • 84880694019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of variation in soil carbon simulations from CMIP5 Earth system models and comparison with observations
    • Todd-Brown, K. E. O., Randerson, J. T., Post, W. M., Hoffman, F. M., Tarnocai, C., Schuur, E. A. G., and Allison, S. D.: Causes of variation in soil carbon simulations from CMIP5 Earth system models and comparison with observations, Biogeosciences, 10, 1717-1736, doi:10.5194/bg-10-1717-2013, 2013.
    • (2013) Biogeosciences , vol.10 , pp. 1717-1736
    • Todd-Brown, K.E.O.1    Randerson, J.T.2    Post, W.M.3    Hoffman, F.M.4    Tarnocai, C.5    Schuur, E.A.G.6    Allison, S.D.7
  • 130
    • 77949340634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of present-day and twenty-first- century energy budgets of the Southern Oceans
    • Trenberth, K. E. and Fasullo, J. T.: Simulation of present-day and twenty-first-century energy budgets of the Southern Oceans, J. Climate, 23, 440-454, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3152.1, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Climate , vol.23 , pp. 440-454
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Fasullo, J.T.2
  • 131
    • 34848911645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the global water budget and its annual cycle using observational and model data
    • Trenberth, K. E., Smith, L., Qian, T., Dai, A., and Fasullo, J.: Estimates of the global water budget and its annual cycle using observational and model data, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 758-769, doi:10.1175/JHM600.1, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.8 , pp. 758-769
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Smith, L.2    Qian, T.3    Dai, A.4    Fasullo, J.5
  • 133
    • 84888055218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the interpretation of intermodel spread in CMIP5 climate sensitivity estimates
    • Vial, J., Dufresne, J.-L., and Bony, S.: On the interpretation of intermodel spread in CMIP5 climate sensitivity estimates, Clim. Dynam., 41, 3339-3362, doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1725-9, 2013.
    • (2013) Clim. Dynam. , vol.41 , pp. 3339-3362
    • Vial, J.1    Dufresne, J.-L.2    Bony, S.3
  • 134
    • 0028582779 scopus 로고
    • Shortwave feedbacks and El Niño-Southern Oscillation: Forced ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere experiments
    • Waliser, D. E., Blanke, B., Neelin, J. D., and Gautier, C.: Shortwave feedbacks and El Niño-Southern Oscillation: Forced ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25109-25125, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 25109-25125
    • Waliser, D.E.1    Blanke, B.2    Neelin, J.D.3    Gautier, C.4
  • 136
    • 58049161306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variations in dissolved and particulate organic nitrogen in the equatorial Pacific: Biological and physical influences
    • Wang, X. J., Le Borgne, R., Murtugudde, R., Busalacchi, A. J., and Behrenfeld, M.: Spatial and temporal variations in dissolved and particulate organic nitrogen in the equatorial Pacific: biological and physical influences, Biogeosciences, 5, 1705-1721, doi:10.5194/bg-5-1705-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Biogeosciences , vol.5 , pp. 1705-1721
    • Wang, X.J.1    Le Borgne, R.2    Murtugudde, R.3    Busalacchi, A.J.4    Behrenfeld, M.5
  • 137
    • 70349707325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of phytoplankton carbon to chlorophyll ratio by light, nutrients and temperature in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean: A basin-scale model
    • Wang, X. J., Behrenfeld, M., Le Borgne, R., Murtugudde, R., and Boss, E.: Regulation of phytoplankton carbon to chlorophyll ratio by light, nutrients and temperature in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean: a basin-scale model, Biogeosciences, 6, 391-404, doi:10.5194/bg-6-391-2009, 2009a.
    • (2009) Biogeosciences , vol.6 , pp. 391-404
    • Wang, X.J.1    Behrenfeld, M.2    Le Borgne, R.3    Murtugudde, R.4    Boss, E.5
  • 138
    • 71449107754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen uptake and regeneration pathways in the equatorial Pacific: A basin scale modeling study
    • Wang, X. J., Murtugudde, R., and Le Borgne, R.: Nitrogen uptake and regeneration pathways in the equatorial Pacific: a basin scale modeling study, Biogeosciences, 6, 2647-2660, doi:10.5194/bg-6-2647-2009, 2009b.
    • (2009) Biogeosciences , vol.6 , pp. 2647-2660
    • Wang, X.J.1    Murtugudde, R.2    Le Borgne, R.3
  • 139
    • 22144457128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the suns magnetic field and irradiance since 1713
    • Wang, Y.-M., Lean, J. L., and Sheeley Jr., N. R.: Modeling the suns magnetic field and irradiance since 1713, Astrophys. J., 625, 522-538, doi:10.1086/429689, 2005.
    • (2005) Astrophys. J. , vol.625 , pp. 522-538
    • Wang, Y.-M.1    Lean, J.L.2    Sheeley, N.R.3
  • 142
    • 0022168979 scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal (30-60 Day) fluctuations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation and 250 mb streamfunction during northern winter
    • Weickmann, K. M., Lussky, G. R., and Kutzbach, J. E.: Intraseasonal (30-60 Day) fluctuations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation and 250 mb streamfunction during northern winter, Mon. Weather Rev., 113, 941-961, 1985.
    • (1985) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.113 , pp. 941-961
    • Weickmann, K.M.1    Lussky, G.R.2    Kutzbach, J.E.3
  • 144
    • 0030873844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A well-calibrated ocean algorithm for SSM/-Rfis1
    • Wentz, F. J.: A well-calibrated ocean algorithm for SSM/I, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8703-8718, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 8703-8718
    • Wentz, F.J.1
  • 146
    • 0033077602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convectively coupled equatorial waves: Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain
    • Wheeler, M. C. and Kiladis, G. N.: Convectively coupled equatorial waves: Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 374-399, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 374-399
    • Wheeler, M.C.1    Kiladis, G.N.2
  • 147
    • 33846429979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Frequency of Extreme Rain Events in Satellite Rain-Rate Estimates and an Atmospheric General Circulation Model
    • Wilcox, E. M. and Donner, L. J.: The Frequency of Extreme Rain Events in Satellite Rain-Rate Estimates and an Atmospheric General Circulation Model, J. Climate, 20, 53-69, doi:10.1175/JCLI3987.1, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 53-69
    • Wilcox, E.M.1    Donner, L.J.2
  • 149
    • 33644612687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GFDLs CM2 global coupled climate models. Part III: Tropical pacific climate and enso
    • Wittenberg, A. T., Rosati, A., Lau, N.-C., and Ploshay, J. J.: GFDLs CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part III: Tropical Pacific Climate and ENSO, J. Climate, 19, 698-722, doi:10.1175/JCLI3631.1, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 698-722
    • Wittenberg, A.T.1    Rosati, A.2    Lau, N.-C.3    Ploshay, J.J.4
  • 150
    • 34347382314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regimes of seasonal air-sea interaction and implications for performance of forced simulations
    • Wu, R. and Kirtman, B. P.: Regimes of seasonal air-sea interaction and implications for performance of forced simulations, Clim. Dynam., 29, 393-410, 2007.
    • (2007) Clim. Dynam. , vol.29 , pp. 393-410
    • Wu, R.1    Kirtman, B.P.2
  • 151
    • 84876455531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation-surface temperature relationship in the IPCC CMIP5 Models
    • Wu, R. G., Chen, J. P., andWen, Z. P.: Precipitation-surface temperature relationship in the IPCC CMIP5 Models, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 30, 766-778, doi:10.1007/s00376-012-2130-8, 2013.
    • (2013) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 766-778
    • Wu, R.G.1    Chen, J.P.2    Wen, Z.P.3
  • 152
    • 77955497067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Evaluation Metric for Intraseasonal Variability and its Application to CMIP3 Twentieth-Century
    • Xavier, P. K., Duvel, J.-P., Braconnot, P., and Doblas-Reyes, F. J.: An Evaluation Metric for Intraseasonal Variability and its Application to CMIP3 Twentieth-Century Simulations, J. Climate, 23, 3497-3508, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3260.1, 2010.
    • (2010) Simulations J. Climate , vol.23 , pp. 3497-3508
    • Xavier, P.K.1    Duvel, J.-P.2    Braconnot, P.3    Doblas-Reyes, F.J.4
  • 153
    • 0031403103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs
    • Xie, P. P. and Arkin, P. A.: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs, Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539-2558, 1997.
    • (1997) Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. , vol.78 , pp. 2539-2558
    • Xie, P.P.1    Arkin, P.A.2
  • 154
    • 47549107724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial nitrogen cycle simulation with a dynamic global vegetation model
    • Xu, R. and Prentice, I. C.: Terrestrial nitrogen cycle simulation with a dynamic global vegetation model, Glob. Change Biol., 14, 1745-1764, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01625.x, 2008.
    • (2008) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 1745-1764
    • Xu, R.1    Prentice, I.C.2
  • 155
    • 56449110319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticorrelated intensity change of the quasi-biweekly and 30-50 day oscillations over the South China Sea
    • Yang, J., Wang, B., and Wang, B.: Anticorrelated intensity change of the quasi-biweekly and 30-50 day oscillations over the South China Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L16702, doi:10.1029/2008GL034449, 2008.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35 , pp. L16702
    • Yang, J.1    Wang, B.2    Wang, B.3
  • 156
    • 84893201980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 3D Canopy Radiative Transfer Model for Global Climate Modeling: Description, Validation, and Application
    • Yuan, H., Dickinson, R. E., Dai, Y., Shaikh, M. J., Zhou, L., and Shangguan, W., Ji, D.: A 3D Canopy Radiative Transfer Model for Global Climate Modeling: Description, Validation, and Application, J. Climate, 27, 1168-1192, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00155.1, 2014.
    • (2014) J. Climate , vol.27 , pp. 1168-1192
    • Yuan, H.1    Dickinson, R.E.2    Dai, Y.3    Shaikh, M.J.4    Zhou, L.5    Shangguan, W.6    Ji, D.7
  • 157
    • 33748757651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of the Madden-Julian oscillation in four pairs of coupled and uncoupled global models
    • Zhang, C., Dong, M., Hendon, H. H., Maloney, E. D., Marshall, A., Sperber, K. R., and Wang, W.: Simulations of the Madden-Julian oscillation in four pairs of coupled and uncoupled global models, Clim. Dynam., 27, 573-592, doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0148-2, 2006.
    • (2006) Clim. Dynam. , vol.27 , pp. 573-592
    • Zhang, C.1    Dong, M.2    Hendon, H.H.3    Maloney, E.D.4    Marshall, A.5    Sperber, K.R.6    Wang, W.7
  • 158
    • 13844257975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective quasi-equilibrium in midlatitude continental environment and its effect on convective parameterization
    • ACL 12-1-ACL
    • Zhang, G. J.: Convective quasi-equilibrium in midlatitude continental environment and its effect on convective parameterization, J. Geophys. Res., 107, ACL 12-1-ACL 12-16, doi:10.1029/2001JD001005, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 12-16
    • Zhang, G.J.1
  • 159
    • 0028977718 scopus 로고
    • Role of convective scale momentum transport in climate simulation
    • Zhang, G. J. and McFarlane, N. A.: Role of convective scale momentum transport in climate simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1417-1426, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 1417-1426
    • Zhang, G.J.1    McFarlane, N.A.2
  • 160
    • 21544435178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of modifications to the Zhang-McFarlane convection parameterization on the simulation of the tropical precipitation in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, version 3
    • Zhang, G. J. and Mu, M.: Effects of modifications to the Zhang-McFarlane convection parameterization on the simulation of the tropical precipitation in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, version 3, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D09109, doi:10.1029/2004JD005617, 2005a.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110 , pp. D09109
    • Zhang, G.J.1    Mu, M.2
  • 161
    • 27944501043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the NCAR CCM3 Using a Revised Zhang-McFarlane Convection Parameterization Scheme
    • Zhang, G. J. and Mu, M.: Simulation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the NCAR CCM3 Using a Revised Zhang-McFarlane Convection Parameterization Scheme, J. Climate, 18, 4046-4064, doi:10.1175/JCLI3508.1, 2005b.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 4046-4064
    • Zhang, G.J.1    Mu, M.2
  • 162
    • 0031437201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of the coupled Tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
    • Zhang, R.-H. and Levitus, S.: Interannual variability of the coupled Tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, J. Climate, 10, 1312-1330, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1312-1330
    • Zhang, R.-H.1    Levitus, S.2
  • 163
    • 43549093331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectified effects of tropical instability wave (TIW)-induced atmospheric wind feedback in the tropical Pacific
    • Zhang, R.-H. and Busalacchi, A. J.: Rectified effects of tropical instability wave (TIW)-induced atmospheric wind feedback in the tropical Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L05608, doi:10.1029/2007GL033028, 2008.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35 , pp. L05608
    • Zhang, R.-H.1    Busalacchi, A.J.2
  • 164
    • 84873152415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A successful realtime forecast of the 2010-11
    • Zhang, R.-H., Zheng, F., Zhu, J., and Wang, Z.: A successful realtime forecast of the 2010-11 La Niña event, Sci. Rep., 3, 1108, doi:10.1038/srep01108, 2013.
    • (2013) La Niña Event Sci. Rep. , vol.3 , pp. 1108
    • Zhang, R.-H.1    Zheng, F.2    Zhu, J.3    Wang, Z.4
  • 165
    • 0030731329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO-like interdecadal variability 1900-93
    • Zhang, Y., Wallace, J. M., and Battisti, D. S.: ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1900-93, J. Climate, 10, 1004-1020, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Climate , vol.10 , pp. 1004-1020
    • Zhang, Y.1    Wallace, J.M.2    Battisti, D.S.3
  • 166
    • 14744295403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set
    • Zhao, M. S., Heinsch, F. A., Nemani, R. R., and Running, S. W.: Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set, Remote Sens. Environ., 95, 164-176, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.12.011, 2005.
    • (2005) Remote Sens. Environ. , vol.95 , pp. 164-176
    • Zhao, M.S.1    Heinsch, F.A.2    Nemani, R.R.3    Running, S.W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.