메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 1161-1171

Coronary artery spasm: Review and update

Author keywords

Coronary artery spasm; Prinzmetal's angina; Provocative testing

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT;

EID: 84906822000     PISSN: 14491907     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.9623     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (131)

References (153)
  • 1
    • 0017080155 scopus 로고
    • Transient transmural reduction of myocardial blood flow demonstrated by thallium-201 scintigraphy, as a cause of variant angina
    • Maseri A, Parodi O, Severi S, Pesola A. Transient transmural reduction of myocardial blood flow demonstrated by thallium-201 scintigraphy, as a cause of variant angina. Circulation. 1976; 54: 280-288.
    • (1976) Circulation. , vol.54 , pp. 280-288
    • Maseri, A.1    Parodi, O.2    Severi, S.3    Pesola, A.4
  • 2
    • 0037956688 scopus 로고
    • Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report
    • Prinzmetal M, Kennamer R, Merliss R, Wada T, Bor N. Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report. Am J Med. 1959; 27: 375-388.
    • (1959) Am J Med. , vol.27 , pp. 375-388
    • Prinzmetal, M.1    Kennamer, R.2    Merliss, R.3    Wada, T.4    Bor, N.5
  • 3
    • 0002100879 scopus 로고
    • Some account of a disorder of the breast
    • Heberden W. Some account of a disorder of the breast. Medical Transactions. 1772; 2: 59-67.
    • (1772) Medical Transactions. , vol.2 , pp. 59-67
    • Heberden, W.1
  • 4
    • 0015624278 scopus 로고
    • Angina pectoris at rest with preservation of exercise capacity: Prinzmetal's variant angina
    • MacAlpin RN, Kattus AA, Alvaro AB. Angina pectoris at rest with preservation of exercise capacity: Prinzmetal's variant angina. Circulation. 1973; 47: 946-958.
    • (1973) Circulation. , vol.47 , pp. 946-958
    • McAlpin, R.N.1    Kattus, A.A.2    Alvaro, A.B.3
  • 6
    • 0015921540 scopus 로고
    • Coronary arterial spasm in prinzmetal angina. Documentation by coronary arteriography
    • Oliva PB, Potts DE, Pluss RG. Coronary arterial spasm in prinzmetal angina. Documentation by coronary arteriography. N Engl J Med. 1973; 288: 745-751.
    • (1973) N Engl J Med. , vol.288 , pp. 745-751
    • Oliva, P.B.1    Potts, D.E.2    Pluss, R.G.3
  • 7
    • 0015592226 scopus 로고
    • Variant angina of prinzmetal with normal coronary arteriograms. A variant of the variant
    • Cheng TO, Bashour T, Kelser GA, Jr., Weiss L, Bacos J. Variant angina of prinzmetal with normal coronary arteriograms. A variant of the variant. Circulation. 1973; 47: 476-485.
    • (1973) Circulation. , vol.47 , pp. 476-485
    • Cheng, T.O.1    Bashour, T.2    Kelser Jr., G.A.3    Weiss, L.4    Bacos, J.5
  • 9
    • 77955059326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japanese Circulation Society of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Vasospastic Angina (Coronary Spastic Angina) (JCS 2008): Digest version
    • JCS Joint Working Group
    • JCS Joint Working Group. Japanese Circulation Society of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Vasospastic Angina (Coronary Spastic Angina) (JCS 2008): digest version. Cir J. 2010; 74: 1745-1762.
    • (2010) Cir J. , vol.74 , pp. 1745-1762
  • 10
    • 45549086380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of coronary spasm for a positive noninvasive stress test result in angina pectoris patients without hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease
    • Cheng CW, Yang NI, Lin KJ, Hung MJ, Cherng WJ. Role of coronary spasm for a positive noninvasive stress test result in angina pectoris patients without hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease. Am J Med Sci. 2008; 335: 354-362.
    • (2008) Am J Med Sci. , vol.335 , pp. 354-362
    • Cheng, C.W.1    Yang, N.I.2    Lin, K.J.3    Hung, M.J.4    Cherng, W.J.5
  • 11
    • 76649135915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary spasm preferentially occurs at branch points: An angiographic comparison with atherosclerotic plaque
    • Nakagawa H, Morikawa Y, Mizuno Y, et al. Coronary spasm preferentially occurs at branch points: an angiographic comparison with atherosclerotic plaque. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2009; 2: 97-104.
    • (2009) Circ Cardiovasc Interv. , vol.2 , pp. 97-104
    • Nakagawa, H.1    Morikawa, Y.2    Mizuno, Y.3
  • 12
    • 0033133490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial heterogeneity in coronary artery vasomotor reactivity: Differences between Japanese and Caucasian patients
    • Beltrame JF, Sasayama S, Maseri A. Racial heterogeneity in coronary artery vasomotor reactivity: differences between Japanese and Caucasian patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999; 33: 1442-1452.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.33 , pp. 1442-1452
    • Beltrame, J.F.1    Sasayama, S.2    Maseri, A.3
  • 13
    • 1842776870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of provoked coronary spasms in patients undergoing coronary arteriography using a spasm provocation test via intracoronary administration of ergonovine
    • Sueda S, Kohno H, Fukuda H, et al. Frequency of provoked coronary spasms in patients undergoing coronary arteriography using a spasm provocation test via intracoronary administration of ergonovine. Angiology. 2004; 55: 403-411.
    • (2004) Angiology. , vol.55 , pp. 403-411
    • Sueda, S.1    Kohno, H.2    Fukuda, H.3
  • 14
    • 78649439976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among gender, age, hypertension and C-reactive protein in coronary vasospasm
    • Hung MY, Hsu KH, Hung MJ, Cheng CW, Cherng WJ. Interactions among gender, age, hypertension and C-reactive protein in coronary vasospasm. Eur J Clin Invest. 2010; 40: 1094-1103.
    • (2010) Eur J Clin Invest. , vol.40 , pp. 1094-1103
    • Hung, M.Y.1    Hsu, K.H.2    Hung, M.J.3    Cheng, C.W.4    Cherng, W.J.5
  • 15
    • 0020034481 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography
    • Bertrand ME, LaBlanche JM, Tilmant PY, et al. Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Circulation. 1982; 65: 1299-1306.
    • (1982) Circulation. , vol.65 , pp. 1299-1306
    • Bertrand, M.E.1    LaBlanche, J.M.2    Tilmant, P.Y.3
  • 16
    • 33646202185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of serum levels of inflammatory markers in patients with coronary vasospasm without significant fixed coronary artery disease versus patients with stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes with significant fixed coronary artery disease
    • Hung MJ, Cherng WJ, Cheng CW, Li LF. Comparison of serum levels of inflammatory markers in patients with coronary vasospasm without significant fixed coronary artery disease versus patients with stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes with significant fixed coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2006; 97: 1429-1434.
    • (2006) Am J Cardiol. , vol.97 , pp. 1429-1434
    • Hung, M.J.1    Cherng, W.J.2    Cheng, C.W.3    Li, L.F.4
  • 17
    • 33947170566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary vasospasm-induced acute coronary syndrome complicated by life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in patients without hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease
    • Hung MJ, Cheng CW, Yang NI, Hung MY, Cherng WJ. Coronary vasospasm-induced acute coronary syndrome complicated by life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in patients without hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 117: 37-44.
    • (2007) Int J Cardiol. , vol.117 , pp. 37-44
    • Hung, M.J.1    Cheng, C.W.2    Yang, N.I.3    Hung, M.Y.4    Cherng, W.J.5
  • 18
    • 48449084372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm as a frequent cause of acute coronary syndrome: The CASPAR (Coronary Artery Spasm in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome) Study
    • Ong P, Athanasiadis A, Hill S, Vogelsberg H, Voehringer M, Sechtem U. Coronary artery spasm as a frequent cause of acute coronary syndrome: The CASPAR (Coronary Artery Spasm in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 52: 523-527.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.52 , pp. 523-527
    • Ong, P.1    Athanasiadis, A.2    Hill, S.3    Vogelsberg, H.4    Voehringer, M.5    Sechtem, U.6
  • 19
    • 0018221480 scopus 로고
    • Coronary vasospasm as a possible cause of myocardial infarction. A conclusion derived from the study of "preinfarction" angina
    • Maseri A, L'Abbate A, Baroldi G, et al. Coronary vasospasm as a possible cause of myocardial infarction. A conclusion derived from the study of "preinfarction" angina. N Engl J Med. 1978; 299: 1271-1277.
    • (1978) N Engl J Med. , vol.299 , pp. 1271-1277
    • Maseri, A.1    L'Abbate, A.2    Baroldi, G.3
  • 20
    • 0031279259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary spasm: Clinical features and pathogenesis
    • Yasue H, Kugiyama K. Coronary spasm: clinical features and pathogenesis. Intern Med. 1997; 36: 760-765.
    • (1997) Intern Med. , vol.36 , pp. 760-765
    • Yasue, H.1    Kugiyama, K.2
  • 21
    • 33644584335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of patients with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation without prior myocardial infarction
    • Hung MJ, Hung MY, Cheng CW, Yang NI, Cherng WJ. Clinical characteristics of patients with exercise-induced ST-segment elevation without prior myocardial infarction. Circ J. 2006; 70: 254-261.
    • (2006) Circ J. , vol.70 , pp. 254-261
    • Hung, M.J.1    Hung, M.Y.2    Cheng, C.W.3    Yang, N.I.4    Cherng, W.J.5
  • 22
    • 0023234158 scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics associated with myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden death in patients with vasospastic angina
    • Nakamura M, Takeshita A, Nose Y. Clinical characteristics associated with myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden death in patients with vasospastic angina. Circulation. 1987; 75: 1110-1116.
    • (1987) Circulation. , vol.75 , pp. 1110-1116
    • Nakamura, M.1    Takeshita, A.2    Nose, Y.3
  • 23
    • 0018111359 scopus 로고
    • "Variant" angina: One aspect of a continuous spectrum of vasospastic myocardial ischemia. Pathogenetic mechanisms, estimated incidence and clinical and coronary arteriographic findings in 138 patients
    • Maseri A, Severi S, Nes MD, et al. "Variant" angina: one aspect of a continuous spectrum of vasospastic myocardial ischemia. Pathogenetic mechanisms, estimated incidence and clinical and coronary arteriographic findings in 138 patients. Am J Cardiol. 1978; 42: 1019-1035.
    • (1978) Am J Cardiol. , vol.42 , pp. 1019-1035
    • Maseri, A.1    Severi, S.2    Nes, M.D.3
  • 25
    • 0020625036 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal distribution of ST-segment elevation and related arrhythmias in patients with variant angina: A study by ambulatory ECG monitoring
    • Araki H, Koiwaya Y, Nakagaki O, Nakamura M. Diurnal distribution of ST-segment elevation and related arrhythmias in patients with variant angina: a study by ambulatory ECG monitoring. Circulation. 1983; 67: 995-1000.
    • (1983) Circulation. , vol.67 , pp. 995-1000
    • Araki, H.1    Koiwaya, Y.2    Nakagaki, O.3    Nakamura, M.4
  • 26
    • 0020519305 scopus 로고
    • Coronary arterial spasm in ischemic heart disease and its pathogenesis. A review
    • Yasue H, Omote S, Takizawa A, Nagao M. Coronary arterial spasm in ischemic heart disease and its pathogenesis. A review. Circ Res. 1983; 52: I147-152.
    • (1983) Circ Res. , vol.52
    • Yasue, H.1    Omote, S.2    Takizawa, A.3    Nagao, M.4
  • 27
    • 44049091761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm--clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment
    • Yasue H, Nakagawa H, Itoh T, Harada E, Mizuno Y. Coronary artery spasm--clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. J Cardiol. 2008; 51: 2-17.
    • (2008) J Cardiol. , vol.51 , pp. 2-17
    • Yasue, H.1    Nakagawa, H.2    Itoh, T.3    Harada, E.4    Mizuno, Y.5
  • 28
    • 0024853424 scopus 로고
    • Perivascular nerve lesion of the coronary artery involved in spasm in a patient with variant angina
    • Jougasaki M, Yasue H, Takahashi K. Perivascular nerve lesion of the coronary artery involved in spasm in a patient with variant angina. Pathology. 1989; 21: 304-307.
    • (1989) Pathology. , vol.21 , pp. 304-307
    • Jougasaki, M.1    Yasue, H.2    Takahashi, K.3
  • 30
    • 0019455807 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of coronary arteriographic findings during angina pectoris associated with S-T elevation or depression
    • Yasue H, Omote S, Takizawa A, et al. Comparison of coronary arteriographic findings during angina pectoris associated with S-T elevation or depression. Am J Cardiol. 1981; 47: 539-546.
    • (1981) Am J Cardiol. , vol.47 , pp. 539-546
    • Yasue, H.1    Omote, S.2    Takizawa, A.3
  • 31
    • 0028826283 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuation of spastic location in patients with vasospastic angina: A quantitative angiographic study
    • Ozaki Y, Keane D, Serruys PW. Fluctuation of spastic location in patients with vasospastic angina: a quantitative angiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995; 26: 1606-1614.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.26 , pp. 1606-1614
    • Ozaki, Y.1    Keane, D.2    Serruys, P.W.3
  • 32
    • 0019377048 scopus 로고
    • Ergonovine testing to detect spontaneous remissions of variant angina during long-term treatment with calcium antagonist drugs
    • Waters DD, Szlachcic J, Theroux P, Dauwe F, Mizgala HF. Ergonovine testing to detect spontaneous remissions of variant angina during long-term treatment with calcium antagonist drugs. Am J Cardiol. 1981; 47: 179-184.
    • (1981) Am J Cardiol. , vol.47 , pp. 179-184
    • Waters, D.D.1    Szlachcic, J.2    Theroux, P.3    Dauwe, F.4    Mizgala, H.F.5
  • 33
    • 0020082489 scopus 로고
    • Variability of electrocardiographic responses to repeated ergonovine provocation in variant angina patients with coronary artery spasm
    • Whittle JL, Feldman RL, Pepine CJ, Curry RC, Conti CR. Variability of electrocardiographic responses to repeated ergonovine provocation in variant angina patients with coronary artery spasm. Am Heart J. 1982; 103: 161-167.
    • (1982) Am Heart J. , vol.103 , pp. 161-167
    • Whittle, J.L.1    Feldman, R.L.2    Pepine, C.J.3    Curry, R.C.4    Conti, C.R.5
  • 34
    • 0036032970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrest related to coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: A three-case study
    • Seniuk W, Mularek-Kubzdela T, Grygier M, Grajek S, Cieśliński A. Cardiac arrest related to coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: a three-case study. J Intern Med. 2002; 252: 368-376.
    • (2002) J Intern Med. , vol.252 , pp. 368-376
    • Seniuk, W.1    Mularek-Kubzdela, T.2    Grygier, M.3    Grajek, S.4    Cieśliński, A.5
  • 35
    • 0034889225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm-induced paroxysmal atrial fibrillation--a case report
    • Hung MJ, Wang CH, Kuo LT, Cherng WJ. Coronary artery spasm-induced paroxysmal atrial fibrillation--a case report. Angiology. 2001; 52: 559-562.
    • (2001) Angiology. , vol.52 , pp. 559-562
    • Hung, M.J.1    Wang, C.H.2    Kuo, L.T.3    Cherng, W.J.4
  • 36
    • 0026540479 scopus 로고
    • Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in patients with silent myocardial ischemia due to coronary-artery spasm
    • Myerburg RJ, Kessler KM, Mallon SM, et al. Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in patients with silent myocardial ischemia due to coronary-artery spasm. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326: 1451-1455.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med. , vol.326 , pp. 1451-1455
    • Myerburg, R.J.1    Kessler, K.M.2    Mallon, S.M.3
  • 37
    • 0020001087 scopus 로고
    • Role of coronary arterial spasm in sudden coronary ischemic death
    • Maseri A, Severi S, Marzullo P. Role of coronary arterial spasm in sudden coronary ischemic death. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982; 382: 204-217.
    • (1982) Ann N Y Acad Sci. , vol.382 , pp. 204-217
    • Maseri, A.1    Severi, S.2    Marzullo, P.3
  • 38
    • 33947122543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries: Role of coronary artery spasm and arrhythmic complications
    • Romagnoli E, Lanza GA. Acute myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries: role of coronary artery spasm and arrhythmic complications. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 117: 3-5.
    • (2007) Int J Cardiol. , vol.117 , pp. 3-5
    • Romagnoli, E.1    Lanza, G.A.2
  • 40
    • 36549007610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and predictors of a positive result of intracoronary ergonovine testing in patients with ischemic heart disease without hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenosis in Taiwan
    • Hung MY, Hung MJ, Cheng CW, Yang NI, Cherng WJ. Safety and predictors of a positive result of intracoronary ergonovine testing in patients with ischemic heart disease without hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenosis in Taiwan. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2007; 23: 150-159.
    • (2007) Acta Cardiol Sin. , vol.23 , pp. 150-159
    • Hung, M.Y.1    Hung, M.J.2    Cheng, C.W.3    Yang, N.I.4    Cherng, W.J.5
  • 41
    • 36549037309 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous reversion of ventricular fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm in a case of acute myocardial infarction
    • Choquette G, Wasserman F, Lisker S, Bellet S. Spontaneous reversion of ventricular fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm in a case of acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 1956; 51: 455-459.
    • (1956) Am Heart J. , vol.51 , pp. 455-459
    • Choquette, G.1    Wasserman, F.2    Lisker, S.3    Bellet, S.4
  • 43
    • 0020739610 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular fibrillation with spontaneous reversion on ambulatory ECG in the absence of heart disease
    • Dubner SJ, Gimeno GM, Elencwajg B, Leguizamón J, Trongé JE, Quinteiro R. Ventricular fibrillation with spontaneous reversion on ambulatory ECG in the absence of heart disease. Am Heart J. 1983; 105: 691-693.
    • (1983) Am Heart J. , vol.105 , pp. 691-693
    • Dubner, S.J.1    Gimeno, G.M.2    Elencwajg, B.3    Leguizamón, J.4    Trongé, J.E.5    Quinteiro, R.6
  • 44
    • 0037374242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia causes syncope (data from implantable cardioverter defibrillators)
    • Farmer DM, Swygman CA, Wang PJ, Mark Estes NA 3rd, Link MS. Evidence that nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia causes syncope (data from implantable cardioverter defibrillators). Am J Cardiol. 2003; 91: 606-609.
    • (2003) Am J Cardiol. , vol.91 , pp. 606-609
    • Farmer, D.M.1    Swygman, C.A.2    Wang, P.J.3    Mark Estes III, N.A.4    Link, M.S.5
  • 45
    • 84886610101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein for predicting prognosis and its gender-specific associations with diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the development of coronary artery spasm
    • Hung MJ, Hsu KH, Hu WS, Chang NC, Hung MY. C-reactive protein for predicting prognosis and its gender-specific associations with diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the development of coronary artery spasm. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e77655.
    • (2013) PLoS One. , vol.8
    • Hung, M.J.1    Hsu, K.H.2    Hu, W.S.3    Chang, N.C.4    Hung, M.Y.5
  • 46
    • 0033959559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the risk factors for coronary artery spasm with those for organic stenosis in a Japanese population: Role of cigarette smoking
    • Takaoka K, Yoshimura M, Ogawa H, et al. Comparison of the risk factors for coronary artery spasm with those for organic stenosis in a Japanese population: role of cigarette smoking. Int J Cardiol. 2000; 72: 121-126.
    • (2000) Int J Cardiol. , vol.72 , pp. 121-126
    • Takaoka, K.1    Yoshimura, M.2    Ogawa, H.3
  • 47
    • 73949096417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between cigarette smoking and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the development of coronary vasospasm in patients without hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease
    • Hung MY, Hsu KH, Hung MJ, et al. Interaction between cigarette smoking and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the development of coronary vasospasm in patients without hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease. Am J Med Sci. 2009; 338: 440-446.
    • (2009) Am J Med Sci. , vol.338 , pp. 440-446
    • Hung, M.Y.1    Hsu, K.H.2    Hung, M.J.3
  • 48
    • 0027497392 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for coronary spasm
    • Sugiishi M, Takatsu F. Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for coronary spasm. Circulation. 1993; 87: 76-79.
    • (1993) Circulation. , vol.87 , pp. 76-79
    • Sugiishi, M.1    Takatsu, F.2
  • 49
    • 84884402425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic stratification of patients with vasospastic angina: A comprehensive clinical risk score developed by the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association
    • Japanese Coronary Spasm Association
    • Takagi Y, Takahashi J, Yasuda S, et al; Japanese Coronary Spasm Association. Prognostic stratification of patients with vasospastic angina: a comprehensive clinical risk score developed by the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 62: 1144-1153.
    • (2013) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.62 , pp. 1144-1153
    • Takagi, Y.1    Takahashi, J.2    Yasuda, S.3
  • 50
    • 0034646207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major racial differences in coronary constrictor response between japanese and caucasians with recent myocardial infarction
    • Pristipino C, Beltrame JF, Finocchiaro ML, et al. Major racial differences in coronary constrictor response between japanese and caucasians with recent myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2000; 101: 1102-1108.
    • (2000) Circulation. , vol.101 , pp. 1102-1108
    • Pristipino, C.1    Beltrame, J.F.2    Finocchiaro, M.L.3
  • 51
    • 34347242035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary spasm is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation
    • Itoh T, Mizuno Y, Harada E, Yoshimura M, Ogawa H, Yasue H. Coronary spasm is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Circ J. 2007; 71: 1074-1078.
    • (2007) Circ J. , vol.71 , pp. 1074-1078
    • Itoh, T.1    Mizuno, Y.2    Harada, E.3    Yoshimura, M.4    Ogawa, H.5    Yasue, H.6
  • 53
    • 4444382796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case-control study
    • INTERHEART Study Investigators
    • Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004; 364: 937-952.
    • (2004) Lancet. , vol.364 , pp. 937-952
    • Yusuf, S.1    Hawken, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3
  • 54
    • 0026409601 scopus 로고
    • The effect of atherosclerosis on the vasomotor response of coronary arteries to mental stress
    • Yeung AC, Vekshtein VI, Krantz DS, et al. The effect of atherosclerosis on the vasomotor response of coronary arteries to mental stress. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325: 1551-1556.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med. , vol.325 , pp. 1551-1556
    • Yeung, A.C.1    Vekshtein, V.I.2    Krantz, D.S.3
  • 55
    • 0034548066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preventive effect of magnesium on coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina
    • Teragawa H, Kato M, Yamagata T, Matsuura H, Kajiyama G. The preventive effect of magnesium on coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina. Chest. 2000; 118: 1690-1695.
    • (2000) Chest. , vol.118 , pp. 1690-1695
    • Teragawa, H.1    Kato, M.2    Yamagata, T.3    Matsuura, H.4    Kajiyama, G.5
  • 57
    • 2442461182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remnant lipoproteins from patients with sudden cardiac death enhance coronary vasospastic activity through upregulation of Rho-kinase
    • Oi K, Shimokawa H, Hiroki J, et al. Remnant lipoproteins from patients with sudden cardiac death enhance coronary vasospastic activity through upregulation of Rho-kinase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004; 24: 918-922.
    • (2004) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 918-922
    • Oi, K.1    Shimokawa, H.2    Hiroki, J.3
  • 58
    • 0030841005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced myocardial ischemia and infarction: Pathophysiology, recognition, and management
    • Pitts WR, Lange RA, Cigarroa JE, Hillis LD. Cocaine-induced myocardial ischemia and infarction: pathophysiology, recognition, and management. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1997; 40: 65-76.
    • (1997) Prog Cardiovasc Dis. , vol.40 , pp. 65-76
    • Pitts, W.R.1    Lange, R.A.2    Cigarroa, J.E.3    Hillis, L.D.4
  • 59
    • 84873389403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-specific prognosis and risk impact of C-reactive protein, hemoglobin and platelet in the development of coronary spasm
    • Hung MY, Hsu KH, Hu WS, Chang NC, Huang CY, Hung MJ. Gender-specific prognosis and risk impact of C-reactive protein, hemoglobin and platelet in the development of coronary spasm. Int J Med Sci. 2013; 10: 255-264.
    • (2013) Int J Med Sci. , vol.10 , pp. 255-264
    • Hung, M.Y.1    Hsu, K.H.2    Hu, W.S.3    Chang, N.C.4    Huang, C.Y.5    Hung, M.J.6
  • 61
    • 0019731881 scopus 로고
    • Elevation of thromboxane B2 levels in patients with classic and variant angina Pectoris
    • Tada M, Kuzuya T, Inoue M, et al. Elevation of thromboxane B2 levels in patients with classic and variant angina Pectoris. Circulation. 1981; 64: 1107-1115.
    • (1981) Circulation. , vol.64 , pp. 1107-1115
    • Tada, M.1    Kuzuya, T.2    Inoue, M.3
  • 62
    • 33646554451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kounis syndrome (allergic angina and allergic myocardial infarction): A natural paradigm?
    • Kounis NG. Kounis syndrome (allergic angina and allergic myocardial infarction): a natural paradigm?. Int J Cardiol. 2006; 110: 7-14.
    • (2006) Int J Cardiol. , vol.110 , pp. 7-14
    • Kounis, N.G.1
  • 63
    • 0023035568 scopus 로고
    • Induction of coronary artery spasm by acetylcholine in patients with variant angina: Possible role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm
    • Yasue H, Horio Y, Nakamura N, et al. Induction of coronary artery spasm by acetylcholine in patients with variant angina: possible role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm. Circulation. 1986; 74: 955-963.
    • (1986) Circulation. , vol.74 , pp. 955-963
    • Yasue, H.1    Horio, Y.2    Nakamura, N.3
  • 64
    • 0022531933 scopus 로고
    • Possible role of parasympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced coronary artery spasm
    • Kugiyama K, Yasue H, Horio Y, Morikami Y, Fujii H, Kimura T. Possible role of parasympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced coronary artery spasm. Am Heart J. 1986; 112: 605-606.
    • (1986) Am Heart J. , vol.112 , pp. 605-606
    • Kugiyama, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Horio, Y.3    Morikami, Y.4    Fujii, H.5    Kimura, T.6
  • 66
    • 0024466058 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous coronary artery spasm in variant angina is caused by a local hyperreactivity to a generalized constrictor stimulus
    • Kaski JC, Maseri A, Vejar M, Crea F, Hackett D. Spontaneous coronary artery spasm in variant angina is caused by a local hyperreactivity to a generalized constrictor stimulus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989; 14: 1456-1463.
    • (1989) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.14 , pp. 1456-1463
    • Kaski, J.C.1    Maseri, A.2    Vejar, M.3    Crea, F.4    Hackett, D.5
  • 67
    • 0030298052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic changes associated with spontaneous coronary spasm in patients with variant angina
    • Lanza GA, Pedrotti P, Pasceri V, Lucente M, Crea F, Maseri A. Autonomic changes associated with spontaneous coronary spasm in patients with variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996; 28: 1249-1256.
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.28 , pp. 1249-1256
    • Lanza, G.A.1    Pedrotti, P.2    Pasceri, V.3    Lucente, M.4    Crea, F.5    Maseri, A.6
  • 68
    • 0020530264 scopus 로고
    • Arterial and coronary sinus catecholamines in the course of spontaneous coronary artery spasm
    • Robertson RM, Bernard Y, Robertson D. Arterial and coronary sinus catecholamines in the course of spontaneous coronary artery spasm. Am Heart J. 1983; 105: 901-906.
    • (1983) Am Heart J. , vol.105 , pp. 901-906
    • Robertson, R.M.1    Bernard, Y.2    Robertson, D.3
  • 69
    • 0015883583 scopus 로고
    • Variant angina associated with angiographically demonstrated coronary artery spasm and REM sleep
    • King MJ, Zir LM, Kaltman AJ, Fox AC. Variant angina associated with angiographically demonstrated coronary artery spasm and REM sleep. Am J Med Sci. 1973; 265: 419-422.
    • (1973) Am J Med Sci. , vol.265 , pp. 419-422
    • King, M.J.1    Zir, L.M.2    Kaltman, A.J.3    Fox, A.C.4
  • 70
    • 33644998785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced myocardial infarction secondary to coronary artery spasm in teenagers and young adults
    • El Menyar AA. Drug-induced myocardial infarction secondary to coronary artery spasm in teenagers and young adults. J Postgrad Med. 2006; 52: 51-56.
    • (2006) J Postgrad Med. , vol.52 , pp. 51-56
    • El Menyar, A.A.1
  • 71
    • 0019171631 scopus 로고
    • Provocation of coronary artery spasm by the cold pressor test. Hemodynamic, arteriographic and quantitative angiographic observations
    • Raizner AE, Chahine RA, Ishimori T, et al. Provocation of coronary artery spasm by the cold pressor test. Hemodynamic, arteriographic and quantitative angiographic observations. Circulation. 1980; 62: 925-932.
    • (1980) Circulation. , vol.62 , pp. 925-932
    • Raizner, A.E.1    Chahine, R.A.2    Ishimori, T.3
  • 72
    • 77249087285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of atenolol on coronary artery spasm after acute myocardial infarction in a Japanese population
    • Shirotani M, Yokota R, Kouchi I, et al. Influence of atenolol on coronary artery spasm after acute myocardial infarction in a Japanese population. Int J Cardiol. 2010; 139: 181-186.
    • (2010) Int J Cardiol. , vol.139 , pp. 181-186
    • Shirotani, M.1    Yokota, R.2    Kouchi, I.3
  • 73
    • 0020566203 scopus 로고
    • Central hemodynamics of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs: Beta 1 selectivity versus intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
    • Svendsen TL. Central hemodynamics of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs: beta 1 selectivity versus intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1983; 5 (Suppl 1): S21-25.
    • (1983) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. , vol.5 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Svendsen, T.L.1
  • 74
    • 0020614685 scopus 로고
    • Detrimental effect of propranolol in patients with coronary arterial spasm countered by combination with diltiazem
    • Tilmant PY, Lablanche JM, Thieuleux FA, Dupuis BA, Bertrand ME. Detrimental effect of propranolol in patients with coronary arterial spasm countered by combination with diltiazem. Am J Cardiol. 1983; 52: 230-233.
    • (1983) Am J Cardiol. , vol.52 , pp. 230-233
    • Tilmant, P.Y.1    Lablanche, J.M.2    Thieuleux, F.A.3    Dupuis, B.A.4    Bertrand, M.E.5
  • 75
    • 0025304289 scopus 로고
    • Desensitization of the beta-2 adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation in rat aorta after prolonged treatment with the beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol
    • Kazanietz MG, Enero MA. Desensitization of the beta-2 adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation in rat aorta after prolonged treatment with the beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1990; 252: 758-764.
    • (1990) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.252 , pp. 758-764
    • Kazanietz, M.G.1    Enero, M.A.2
  • 76
    • 29644436026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-grade inflammation, thrombogenicity, and atherogenic lipid profile in cigarette smokers
    • Yasue H, Hirai N, Mizuno Y, et al. Low-grade inflammation, thrombogenicity, and atherogenic lipid profile in cigarette smokers. Circ J. 2006; 70: 8-13.
    • (2006) Circ J. , vol.70 , pp. 8-13
    • Yasue, H.1    Hirai, N.2    Mizuno, Y.3
  • 77
    • 0018185122 scopus 로고
    • Prinzmetal's angina, normal coronary arteries and pericarditis
    • Lewis JR, Kisilevsky R, Armstrong PW. Prinzmetal's angina, normal coronary arteries and pericarditis. Can Med Assoc J. 1978; 119: 36-39.
    • (1978) Can Med Assoc J. , vol.119 , pp. 36-39
    • Lewis, J.R.1    Kisilevsky, R.2    Armstrong, P.W.3
  • 78
    • 84862831046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased leukocyte Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase activity predicts the presence and severity of coronary vasospastic angina
    • Hung MJ, Cherng WJ, Hung MY, et al. Increased leukocyte Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase activity predicts the presence and severity of coronary vasospastic angina. Atherosclerosis. 2012; 221: 521-526.
    • (2012) Atherosclerosis. , vol.221 , pp. 521-526
    • Hung, M.J.1    Cherng, W.J.2    Hung, M.Y.3
  • 79
    • 0033979414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary artery spasm: Lessons from animal models
    • Shimokawa H. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary artery spasm: lessons from animal models. Jpn Circ J. 2000; 64: 1-12.
    • (2000) Jpn Circ J. , vol.64 , pp. 1-12
    • Shimokawa, H.1
  • 81
    • 0022000015 scopus 로고
    • Significance of adventitial inflammation of the coronary artery in patients with unstable angina: Results at autopsy
    • Kohchi K, Takebayashi S, Hiroki T, Nobuyoshi M. Significance of adventitial inflammation of the coronary artery in patients with unstable angina: results at autopsy. Circulation. 1985; 71: 709-716.
    • (1985) Circulation. , vol.71 , pp. 709-716
    • Kohchi, K.1    Takebayashi, S.2    Hiroki, T.3    Nobuyoshi, M.4
  • 82
    • 9444258048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide activity is deficient in spasm arteries of patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Kugiyama K, Yasue H, Okumura K, et al. Nitric oxide activity is deficient in spasm arteries of patients with coronary spastic angina. Circulation. 1996; 94: 266-271.
    • (1996) Circulation. , vol.94 , pp. 266-271
    • Kugiyama, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Okumura, K.3
  • 83
    • 0033535841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-786-->C mutation in the 5'-flanking region of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm
    • Nakayama M, Yasue H, Yoshimura M, et al. T-786-->C mutation in the 5'-flanking region of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm. Circulation. 1999; 99: 2864-2870.
    • (1999) Circulation. , vol.99 , pp. 2864-2870
    • Nakayama, M.1    Yasue, H.2    Yoshimura, M.3
  • 84
    • 0032533598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E administration improves impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Motoyama T, Kawano H, Kugiyama K, et al. Vitamin E administration improves impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with coronary spastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998; 32: 1672-1679.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.32 , pp. 1672-1679
    • Motoyama, T.1    Kawano, H.2    Kugiyama, K.3
  • 85
    • 42949122943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, fluvastatin, on coronary spasm after withdrawal of calcium-channel blockers
    • SCAST (Statin and Coronary Artery Spasm Trial) Investigators
    • Yasue H, Mizuno Y, Harada E, et al; SCAST (Statin and Coronary Artery Spasm Trial) Investigators. Effects of a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, fluvastatin, on coronary spasm after withdrawal of calcium-channel blockers. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 51: 1742-1748.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.51 , pp. 1742-1748
    • Yasue, H.1    Mizuno, Y.2    Harada, E.3
  • 86
    • 0030044117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffuse disorder of coronary artery vasomotility in patients with coronary spastic angina. Hyperreactivity to the constrictor effects of acetylcholine and the dilator effects of nitroglycerin
    • Okumura K, Yasue H, Matsuyama K, et al. Diffuse disorder of coronary artery vasomotility in patients with coronary spastic angina. Hyperreactivity to the constrictor effects of acetylcholine and the dilator effects of nitroglycerin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996; 27: 45-52.
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.27 , pp. 45-52
    • Okumura, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Matsuyama, K.3
  • 87
    • 0026517260 scopus 로고
    • Preserved endothelium-dependent vasodilation at the vasospastic site in patients with variant angina
    • Egashira K, Inou T, Yamada A, Hirooka Y, Takeshita A. Preserved endothelium-dependent vasodilation at the vasospastic site in patients with variant angina. J Clin Invest. 1992; 89: 1047-1052.
    • (1992) J Clin Invest. , vol.89 , pp. 1047-1052
    • Egashira, K.1    Inou, T.2    Yamada, A.3    Hirooka, Y.4    Takeshita, A.5
  • 88
    • 0032731326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic endothelial function is preserved in men with both active and inactive variant angina pectoris
    • Ito K, Akita H, Kanazawa K, et al. Systemic endothelial function is preserved in men with both active and inactive variant angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1999; 84: 1347-1349.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol. , vol.84 , pp. 1347-1349
    • Ito, K.1    Akita, H.2    Kanazawa, K.3
  • 89
    • 0034696624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of myosin phosphatase by upregulated rho-kinase plays a key role for coronary artery spasm in a porcine model with interleukin-1beta
    • Kandabashi T, Shimokawa H, Miyata K, et al. Inhibition of myosin phosphatase by upregulated rho-kinase plays a key role for coronary artery spasm in a porcine model with interleukin-1beta. Circulation. 2000; 101: 1319-1323.
    • (2000) Circulation. , vol.101 , pp. 1319-1323
    • Kandabashi, T.1    Shimokawa, H.2    Miyata, K.3
  • 90
    • 0022249297 scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm induced in miniature swine: Angiographic evidence and relation to coronary atherosclerosis
    • Shimokawa H, Tomoike H, Nabeyama S, Yamamoto H, Ishii Y, Tanaka K, Nakamura M. Coronary artery spasm induced in miniature swine: angiographic evidence and relation to coronary atherosclerosis. Am Heart J. 1985; 110: 300-310.
    • (1985) Am Heart J. , vol.110 , pp. 300-310
    • Shimokawa, H.1    Tomoike, H.2    Nabeyama, S.3    Yamamoto, H.4    Ishii, Y.5    Tanaka, K.6    Nakamura, M.7
  • 91
    • 10744227785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for protein kinase C-mediated activation of Rho-kinase in a porcine model of coronary artery spasm
    • Kandabashi T, Shimokawa H, Miyata K, et al. Evidence for protein kinase C-mediated activation of Rho-kinase in a porcine model of coronary artery spasm. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003; 23: 2209-2214.
    • (2003) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 2209-2214
    • Kandabashi, T.1    Shimokawa, H.2    Miyata, K.3
  • 92
    • 0032877847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rho-kinase-mediated pathway induces enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylations in a swine model of coronary artery spasm
    • Shimokawa H, Seto M, Katsumata N, et al. Rho-kinase-mediated pathway induces enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylations in a swine model of coronary artery spasm. Cardiovasc Res. 1999; 43: 1029-1039.
    • (1999) Cardiovasc Res. , vol.43 , pp. 1029-1039
    • Shimokawa, H.1    Seto, M.2    Katsumata, N.3
  • 93
    • 0037007054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of coronary artery spasm by the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil in patients with vasospastic angina
    • Masumoto A, Mohri M, Shimokawa H, Urakami L, Usui M, Takeshita A. Suppression of coronary artery spasm by the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil in patients with vasospastic angina. Circulation. 2002; 105: 1545-1547.
    • (2002) Circulation. , vol.105 , pp. 1545-1547
    • Masumoto, A.1    Mohri, M.2    Shimokawa, H.3    Urakami, L.4    Usui, M.5    Takeshita, A.6
  • 94
    • 0036071021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic coronary artery vasospasm and hypertension develop in the absence of Sur2 K(ATP) channels
    • Chutkow WA, Pu J, Wheeler MT, et al. Episodic coronary artery vasospasm and hypertension develop in the absence of Sur2 K(ATP) channels. J Clin Invest. 2002; 110: 203-208.
    • (2002) J Clin Invest. , vol.110 , pp. 203-208
    • Chutkow, W.A.1    Pu, J.2    Wheeler, M.T.3
  • 95
    • 33645297992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous coronary vasospasm in KATP mutant mice arises from a smooth muscle-extrinsic process
    • Kakkar R, Ye B, Stoller DA, et al. Spontaneous coronary vasospasm in KATP mutant mice arises from a smooth muscle-extrinsic process. Circ Res. 2006; 98: 682-689.
    • (2006) Circ Res. , vol.98 , pp. 682-689
    • Kakkar, R.1    Ye, B.2    Stoller, D.A.3
  • 96
    • 0344875643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal coronary function in mice deficient in alpha1H T-type Ca2+ channels
    • Chen CC, Lamping KG, Nuno DW, et al. Abnormal coronary function in mice deficient in alpha1H T-type Ca2+ channels. Science. 2003; 302: 1416-1418.
    • (2003) Science. , vol.302 , pp. 1416-1418
    • Chen, C.C.1    Lamping, K.G.2    Nuno, D.W.3
  • 97
    • 0030916076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aortas by cigarette smoke extract--role of free radicals and attenuation by captopril
    • Ota Y, Kugiyama K, Sugiyama S, et al. Impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aortas by cigarette smoke extract--role of free radicals and attenuation by captopril. Atherosclerosis. 1997; 131: 195-202.
    • (1997) Atherosclerosis. , vol.131 , pp. 195-202
    • Ota, Y.1    Kugiyama, K.2    Sugiyama, S.3
  • 98
    • 0032076965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supersensitivity of atherosclerotic artery to constrictor effect of cigarette smoke extract
    • Sugiyama S, Kugiyama K, Ohgushi M, et al. Supersensitivity of atherosclerotic artery to constrictor effect of cigarette smoke extract. Cardiovasc Res. 1998; 38: 508-515.
    • (1998) Cardiovasc Res. , vol.38 , pp. 508-515
    • Sugiyama, S.1    Kugiyama, K.2    Ohgushi, M.3
  • 99
    • 0030297755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency in nitric oxide bioactivity in epicardial coronary arteries of cigarette smokers
    • Kugiyama K, Yasue H, Ohgushi M, et al. Deficiency in nitric oxide bioactivity in epicardial coronary arteries of cigarette smokers. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996; 28: 1161-1167.
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.28 , pp. 1161-1167
    • Kugiyama, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Ohgushi, M.3
  • 100
    • 0030669483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the brachial artery is impaired in smokers: Effect of vitamin C
    • Motoyama T, Kawano H, Kugiyama K, et al. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the brachial artery is impaired in smokers: effect of vitamin C. Am J Physiol. 1997; 273(4 Pt 2): H1644-650.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol. , vol.273 , Issue.4 PART 2
    • Motoyama, T.1    Kawano, H.2    Kugiyama, K.3
  • 101
    • 79953682240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension
    • Rodrigo R, González J, Paoletto F. The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2011; 34: 431-440.
    • (2011) Hypertens Res. , vol.34 , pp. 431-440
    • Rodrigo, R.1    González, J.2    Paoletto, F.3
  • 103
    • 0346340024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased plasma levels of thioredoxin in patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Miyamoto S, Kawano H, Sakamoto T, et al. Increased plasma levels of thioredoxin in patients with coronary spastic angina. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2004; 6: 75-80.
    • (2004) Antioxid Redox Signal. , vol.6 , pp. 75-80
    • Miyamoto, S.1    Kawano, H.2    Sakamoto, T.3
  • 104
    • 0029878911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide at site of spasm in patients with variant angina
    • Egashira K, Katsuda Y, Mohri M, et al. Basal release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide at site of spasm in patients with variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996; 27: 1444-1449.
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.27 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Egashira, K.1    Katsuda, Y.2    Mohri, M.3
  • 105
    • 13844319454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent insights into the mechanisms, predisposing factors, and racial differences of coronary vasospasm
    • Miwa K, Fujita M, Sasayama S. Recent insights into the mechanisms, predisposing factors, and racial differences of coronary vasospasm. Heart Vessels. 2005; 20: 1-7.
    • (2005) Heart Vessels. , vol.20 , pp. 1-7
    • Miwa, K.1    Fujita, M.2    Sasayama, S.3
  • 106
    • 0031659845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A missense Glu298Asp variant in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm in the Japanese
    • Yoshimura M, Yasue H, Nakayama M, et al. A missense Glu298Asp variant in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm in the Japanese. Hum Genet. 1998; 103: 65-69.
    • (1998) Hum Genet. , vol.103 , pp. 65-69
    • Yoshimura, M.1    Yasue, H.2    Nakayama, M.3
  • 107
    • 33645354062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm and the polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene
    • Kaneda H, Taguchi J, Kuwada Y, et al. Coronary artery spasm and the polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. Circ J. 2006; 70: 409-413.
    • (2006) Circ J. , vol.70 , pp. 409-413
    • Kaneda, H.1    Taguchi, J.2    Kuwada, Y.3
  • 108
    • 0036461239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paraoxonase gene Gln192Arg (Q192R) polymorphism is associated with coronary artery spasm
    • Ito T, Yasue H, Yoshimura M, et al. Paraoxonase gene Gln192Arg (Q192R) polymorphism is associated with coronary artery spasm. Hum Genet. 2002; 110: 89-94.
    • (2002) Hum Genet. , vol.110 , pp. 89-94
    • Ito, T.1    Yasue, H.2    Yoshimura, M.3
  • 109
    • 33645221818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common adrenergic receptor polymorphisms as novel risk factors for vasospastic angina
    • Park JS, Zhang SY, Jo SH, et al. Common adrenergic receptor polymorphisms as novel risk factors for vasospastic angina. Am Heart J. 2006; 151: 864-869.
    • (2006) Am Heart J. , vol.151 , pp. 864-869
    • Park, J.S.1    Zhang, S.Y.2    Jo, S.H.3
  • 110
    • 33746335649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in the human cardiovascular system
    • Kaumann AJ, Levy FO. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in the human cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Ther. 2006; 111: 674-706.
    • (2006) Pharmacol Ther. , vol.111 , pp. 674-706
    • Kaumann, A.J.1    Levy, F.O.2
  • 111
    • 0028787691 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme as a genetic risk factor for coronary artery spasm. Implication in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction
    • Oike Y, Hata A, Ogata Y, Numata Y, Shido K, Kondo K. Angiotensin converting enzyme as a genetic risk factor for coronary artery spasm. Implication in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest. 1995; 96: 2975-2979.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest. , vol.96 , pp. 2975-2979
    • Oike, Y.1    Hata, A.2    Ogata, Y.3    Numata, Y.4    Shido, K.5    Kondo, K.6
  • 112
    • 0031940241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism of the NADH/NADPH oxidase p22 phox gene in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Inoue N, Kawashima S, Kanazawa K, Yamada S, Akita H, Yokoyama M. Polymorphism of the NADH/NADPH oxidase p22 phox gene in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1998; 97: 135-137.
    • (1998) Circulation. , vol.97 , pp. 135-137
    • Inoue, N.1    Kawashima, S.2    Kanazawa, K.3    Yamada, S.4    Akita, H.5    Yokoyama, M.6
  • 113
    • 0037197775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced activity of variant phospholipase C-delta1 protein (R257H) detected in patients with coronary artery spasm
    • Nakano T, Osanai T, Tomita H, Sekimata M, Homma Y, Okumura K. Enhanced activity of variant phospholipase C-delta1 protein (R257H) detected in patients with coronary artery spasm. Circulation. 2002; 105: 2024-2029.
    • (2002) Circulation. , vol.105 , pp. 2024-2029
    • Nakano, T.1    Osanai, T.2    Tomita, H.3    Sekimata, M.4    Homma, Y.5    Okumura, K.6
  • 114
    • 3042795368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic risk and gene-environment interaction in coronary artery spasm in Japanese men and women
    • Murase Y, Yamada Y, Hirashiki A, et al. Genetic risk and gene-environment interaction in coronary artery spasm in Japanese men and women. Eur Heart J. 2004; 25: 970-977.
    • (2004) Eur Heart J. , vol.25 , pp. 970-977
    • Murase, Y.1    Yamada, Y.2    Hirashiki, A.3
  • 115
    • 80054913737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of coronary artery spasm
    • Lanza GA, Careri G, Crea F. Mechanisms of coronary artery spasm. Circulation. 2011; 124: 1774-1782.
    • (2011) Circulation. , vol.124 , pp. 1774-1782
    • Lanza, G.A.1    Careri, G.2    Crea, F.3
  • 116
    • 33751217696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ergonovine test for coronary artery spasm
    • Cheng TO. Ergonovine test for coronary artery spasm. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 114: 249-250.
    • (2007) Int J Cardiol. , vol.114 , pp. 249-250
    • Cheng, T.O.1
  • 117
    • 0033133411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions
    • ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary angiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on Coronary Angiography)
    • Scanlon PJ, Faxon DP, Audet AM, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary angiography. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on Coronary Angiography). Developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999; 33: 1756-1824.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.33 , pp. 1756-1824
    • Scanlon, P.J.1    Faxon, D.P.2    Audet, A.M.3
  • 120
    • 0034036110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A renaissance of provocative testing for coronary spasm?
    • Hamilton KK, Pepine CJ. A renaissance of provocative testing for coronary spasm? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000; 35: 1857-1859.
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.35 , pp. 1857-1859
    • Hamilton, K.K.1    Pepine, C.J.2
  • 121
    • 0021991915 scopus 로고
    • Selective blockade of endothelium-dependent and glyceryl trinitrate-induced relaxation by hemoglobin and by methylene blue in the rabbit aorta
    • Martin W, Villani GM, Jothianandan D, Furchgott RF. Selective blockade of endothelium-dependent and glyceryl trinitrate-induced relaxation by hemoglobin and by methylene blue in the rabbit aorta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1985; 232: 708-716.
    • (1985) J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , vol.232 , pp. 708-716
    • Martin, W.1    Villani, G.M.2    Jothianandan, D.3    Furchgott, R.F.4
  • 122
    • 0024447397 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-dependent inhibition of ergonovine-induced contraction is impaired in porcine coronary arteries with regenerated endothelium
    • Shimokawa H, Flavahan NA, Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM. Endothelium-dependent inhibition of ergonovine-induced contraction is impaired in porcine coronary arteries with regenerated endothelium. Circulation. 1989; 80: 643-650.
    • (1989) Circulation. , vol.80 , pp. 643-650
    • Shimokawa, H.1    Flavahan, N.A.2    Shepherd, J.T.3    Vanhoutte, P.M.4
  • 123
    • 0019195506 scopus 로고
    • The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine
    • Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature. 1980; 288: 373-376.
    • (1980) Nature. , vol.288 , pp. 373-376
    • Furchgott, R.F.1    Zawadzki, J.V.2
  • 124
    • 84892417482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Provocative Testing for Coronary Reactivity and Spasm
    • Zaya M, Mehta PK, Bairey Merz CN. Provocative Testing for Coronary Reactivity and Spasm. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63: 103-109.
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.63 , pp. 103-109
    • Zaya, M.1    Mehta, P.K.2    Bairey Merz, C.N.3
  • 125
    • 0018973359 scopus 로고
    • Refractory ergonovine-induced coronary vasospasm: Importance of intracoronary nitroglycerin
    • Buxton A, Goldberg S, Hirshfeld JW, et al. Refractory ergonovine-induced coronary vasospasm: importance of intracoronary nitroglycerin. Am J Cardiol. 1980; 46: 329-334.
    • (1980) Am J Cardiol. , vol.46 , pp. 329-334
    • Buxton, A.1    Goldberg, S.2    Hirshfeld, J.W.3
  • 126
    • 0026689901 scopus 로고
    • Ergonovine maleate testing during cardiac catheterization: A 10-year perspective in 3,447 patients without significant coronary artery disease or Prinzmetal's variant angina
    • Harding MB, Leithe ME, Mark DB, et al. Ergonovine maleate testing during cardiac catheterization: a 10-year perspective in 3,447 patients without significant coronary artery disease or Prinzmetal's variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992; 20: 107-111.
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.20 , pp. 107-111
    • Harding, M.B.1    Leithe, M.E.2    Mark, D.B.3
  • 128
    • 0023869440 scopus 로고
    • Multivessel coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: A study with intracoronary injection of acetylcholine
    • Okumura K, Yasue H, Horio Y, et al. Multivessel coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: a study with intracoronary injection of acetylcholine. Circulation. 1988; 77: 535-542.
    • (1988) Circulation. , vol.77 , pp. 535-542
    • Okumura, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Horio, Y.3
  • 129
    • 0021750322 scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm--1984
    • Cheng TO. Coronary artery spasm--1984. Chest. 1984; 86: 918-926.
    • (1984) Chest. , vol.86 , pp. 918-926
    • Cheng, T.O.1
  • 131
    • 0014119080 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine in the treatment of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome
    • Eshaghpour E, Mattioli L, Williams ML, Moghadam AN. Acetylcholine in the treatment of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatr. 1967; 71: 243-246.
    • (1967) J Pediatr. , vol.71 , pp. 243-246
    • Eshaghpour, E.1    Mattioli, L.2    Williams, M.L.3    Moghadam, A.N.4
  • 132
    • 0024432459 scopus 로고
    • Effects of intracoronary injection of ergonovine on angiographic normal coronary arteries: Study of 108 consecutive patients
    • Fournier JA, Cortacero JA, Turá A, Hernández-Aparicio C, Granado C, Vallejo J. Effects of intracoronary injection of ergonovine on angiographic normal coronary arteries: study of 108 consecutive patients. Clin Cardiol. 1989; 12: 561-568.
    • (1989) Clin Cardiol. , vol.12 , pp. 561-568
    • Fournier, J.A.1    Cortacero, J.A.2    Turá, A.3    Hernández-Aparicio, C.4    Granado, C.5    Vallejo, J.6
  • 133
    • 84874633913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
    • In: Fuster V, Eds. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • de Lemons JA, O'Rourke RA. Unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In: Fuster V, Eds. Hurst's The Heart. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008: 1371-1372.
    • (2008) Hurst's The Heart. , pp. 1371-1372
    • de Lemons, J.A.1    O'Rourke, R.A.2
  • 134
    • 84906834284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Internet]
    • [Internet] Pinto DS, Beltrame JF, Crea F. Variant angina. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/variant-angina?source=search_result&search =variant+angina&selectedTitle=1%7E103.
    • Variant angina.
    • Pinto, D.S.1    Beltrame, J.F.2    Crea, F.3
  • 135
    • 0029012453 scopus 로고
    • Management of vasospastic angina--role of nicorandil
    • Kaski JC. Management of vasospastic angina--role of nicorandil. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1995; 9 (Suppl 2): 221-227.
    • (1995) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 221-227
    • Kaski, J.C.1
  • 136
    • 0022550265 scopus 로고
    • Comparative results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with dynamic versus fixed coronary stenosis
    • Bertrand ME, LaBlanche JM, Thieuleux FA, Fourrier JL, Traisnel G, Asseman P. Comparative results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with dynamic versus fixed coronary stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8: 504-508.
    • (1986) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.8 , pp. 504-508
    • Bertrand, M.E.1    LaBlanche, J.M.2    Thieuleux, F.A.3    Fourrier, J.L.4    Traisnel, G.5    Asseman, P.6
  • 138
    • 0345620967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery stent placement in patients with variant angina refractory to medical treatment
    • Gaspardone A, Tomai F, Versaci F, et al. Coronary artery stent placement in patients with variant angina refractory to medical treatment. Am J Cardiol. 1999; 84: 96-98.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol. , vol.84 , pp. 96-98
    • Gaspardone, A.1    Tomai, F.2    Versaci, F.3
  • 139
    • 66449103855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of spontaneous left main coronary artery spasm with a drug-eluting stent
    • Chou HH, Lim KE, Ko YL. Treatment of spontaneous left main coronary artery spasm with a drug-eluting stent. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2009; 25: 43-46.
    • (2009) Acta Cardiol Sin. , vol.25 , pp. 43-46
    • Chou, H.H.1    Lim, K.E.2    Ko, Y.L.3
  • 140
    • 84865448084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary stenting for coronary vasospasm complicated with refractory ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation
    • Chou MT, Huang TY. Coronary stenting for coronary vasospasm complicated with refractory ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2012; 28: 145-147.
    • (2012) Acta Cardiol Sin. , vol.28 , pp. 145-147
    • Chou, M.T.1    Huang, T.Y.2
  • 143
    • 0036238296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous coronary intervention for variant angina: Balloon vs. stent
    • Cheng TO. Percutaneous coronary intervention for variant angina: balloon vs. stent. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2002; 56: 21.
    • (2002) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. , vol.56 , pp. 21
    • Cheng, T.O.1
  • 144
    • 84864067927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of endothelium-dependent and-independent coronary vasomotor response to coronary balloons and stents: Comparison of plain and drug-eluting balloons and stents
    • Plass CA, Sabdyusheva-Litschauer I, Bernhart A, et al. Time course of endothelium-dependent and-independent coronary vasomotor response to coronary balloons and stents: comparison of plain and drug-eluting balloons and stents. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 2012; 5: 741-751.
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. , vol.5 , pp. 741-751
    • Plass, C.A.1    Sabdyusheva-Litschauer, I.2    Bernhart, A.3
  • 145
    • 34548515745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia induced by coronary vasospasm: A malignant case of variant angina
    • Yuksel UC, Celik T, Iyisoy A, Kursaklioglu H, Amasyali B, Kose S. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia induced by coronary vasospasm: a malignant case of variant angina. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 121: 210-212.
    • (2007) Int J Cardiol. , vol.121 , pp. 210-212
    • Yuksel, U.C.1    Celik, T.2    Iyisoy, A.3    Kursaklioglu, H.4    Amasyali, B.5    Kose, S.6
  • 146
    • 0031931979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmic cardiac arrest due to isolated coronary artery spasm: Long-term outcome of seven resuscitated patients
    • Chevalier P, Dacosta A, Defaye P, et al. Arrhythmic cardiac arrest due to isolated coronary artery spasm: long-term outcome of seven resuscitated patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998; 31: 57-61.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.31 , pp. 57-61
    • Chevalier, P.1    Dacosta, A.2    Defaye, P.3
  • 147
    • 0036570211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in refractory variant angina pectoris complicated by ventricular fibrillation in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries
    • Meisel SR, Mazur A, Chetboun I, et al. Usefulness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in refractory variant angina pectoris complicated by ventricular fibrillation in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol. 2002; 89: 1114-1116.
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol. , vol.89 , pp. 1114-1116
    • Meisel, S.R.1    Mazur, A.2    Chetboun, I.3
  • 148
    • 0023707485 scopus 로고
    • Long-term prognosis for patients with variant angina and influential factors
    • Yasue H, Takizawa A, Nagao M, et al. Long-term prognosis for patients with variant angina and influential factors. Circulation. 1988; 78: 1-9.
    • (1988) Circulation. , vol.78 , pp. 1-9
    • Yasue, H.1    Takizawa, A.2    Nagao, M.3
  • 149
    • 0029944066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm in patients with normal or near normal coronary arteries. Long-term follow-up of 277 patients
    • Bory M, Pierron F, Panagides D, Bonnet JL, Yvorra S, Desfossez L. Coronary artery spasm in patients with normal or near normal coronary arteries. Long-term follow-up of 277 patients. Eur Heart J. 1996; 17: 1015-1021.
    • (1996) Eur Heart J. , vol.17 , pp. 1015-1021
    • Bory, M.1    Pierron, F.2    Panagides, D.3    Bonnet, J.L.4    Yvorra, S.5    Desfossez, L.6
  • 150
    • 0022547444 scopus 로고
    • Late follow-up (41 to 102 months) of medically treated patients with coronary artery spasm and minor atherosclerotic coronary obstructions
    • Freedman SB, Richmond DR, Alwyn M, Kelly DT. Late follow-up (41 to 102 months) of medically treated patients with coronary artery spasm and minor atherosclerotic coronary obstructions. Am J Cardiol. 1986; 57: 1261-1263.
    • (1986) Am J Cardiol. , vol.57 , pp. 1261-1263
    • Freedman, S.B.1    Richmond, D.R.2    Alwyn, M.3    Kelly, D.T.4
  • 151
    • 78650885460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-year follow-up of patients with coronary artery spasm as cause of acute coronary syndrome: The CASPAR (coronary artery spasm in patients with acute coronary syndrome) study follow-up
    • Ong P, Athanasiadis A, Borgulya G, Voehringer M, Sechtem U.3-year follow-up of patients with coronary artery spasm as cause of acute coronary syndrome: the CASPAR (coronary artery spasm in patients with acute coronary syndrome) study follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 57: 147-152.
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.57 , pp. 147-152
    • Ong, P.1    Athanasiadis, A.2    Borgulya, G.3    Voehringer, M.4    Sechtem, U.5
  • 153
    • 0032945465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long lasting spasticity in controlled vasospastic angina
    • Ueda O, Kohchi K, Kishi Y, Numano F. Long lasting spasticity in controlled vasospastic angina. Heart. 1999; 81: 528-532.
    • (1999) Heart. , vol.81 , pp. 528-532
    • Ueda, O.1    Kohchi, K.2    Kishi, Y.3    Numano, F.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.