메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 74, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1745-1762

Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) (jcs 2008)
[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BRADYKININ; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ION; CALMODULIN; CORTICOSTEROID DERIVATIVE; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; ESTROGEN DERIVATIVE; FASUDIL; INSULIN; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN KINASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN PHOSPHATASE; NICORANDIL; NITRATE;

EID: 77955059326     PISSN: 13469843     EISSN: 13474820     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-10-74-0802     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (242)

References (227)
  • 1
    • 0020519305 scopus 로고
    • Coronary arterial spasm in ischemic heart disease and its pathogenesis: A review
    • Yasue H, Omote S, Takizawa A, Nagao M. Coronary arterial spasm in ischemic heart disease and its pathogenesis: A review. Circ Res 1983; 52: I-147-I-152.
    • (1983) Circ Res , vol.52 , pp. 147-152
    • Yasue, H.1    Omote, S.2    Takizawa, A.3    Nagao, M.4
  • 2
    • 0024820701 scopus 로고
    • Circadian variation of plasma fibrinopeptide A level in patients with variant angina
    • Ogawa H, Yasue H, Oshima S, Okumura K, Matsuyama K, Obata K. Circadian variation of plasma fibrinopeptide A level in patients with variant angina. Circulation 1989; 80: 1617-1626.
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.80 , pp. 1617-1626
    • Ogawa, H.1    Yasue, H.2    Oshima, S.3    Okumura, K.4    Matsuyama, K.5    Obata, K.6
  • 3
    • 0038711029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preference toward a T-helper type 1 response in patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Soejima H, Irie A, Miyamoto S, Kajiwara I, Kojima S, Hokamaki J, et al. Preference toward a T-helper type 1 response in patients with coronary spastic angina. Circulation 2003; 107: 2196-2200.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 2196-2200
    • Soejima, H.1    Irie, A.2    Miyamoto, S.3    Kajiwara, I.4    Kojima, S.5    Hokamaki, J.6
  • 4
    • 0025130236 scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm: Japanese view
    • Yasue H, Kugiyama K. Coronary artery spasm: Japanese view. Coron Artery Dis 1990; 1: 668-673.
    • (1990) Coron Artery Dis , vol.1 , pp. 668-673
    • Yasue, H.1    Kugiyama, K.2
  • 5
    • 0028087330 scopus 로고
    • Intravascular ultrasound detection of atherosclerosis at the site of focal vasospasm in angiographically normal or minimally narrowed coronary segments
    • Yamagishi M, Miyatake K, Tamai J, Nakatani S, Koyama J, Nissen SE. Intravascular ultrasound detection of atherosclerosis at the site of focal vasospasm in angiographically normal or minimally narrowed coronary segments. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23: 352-357.
    • (1994) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.23 , pp. 352-357
    • Yamagishi, M.1    Miyatake, K.2    Tamai, J.3    Nakatani, S.4    Koyama, J.5    Nissen, S.E.6
  • 6
    • 0032767741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prinzmetal's variant angina: Three case reports and a review of the literature
    • Vandergoten P, Benit E, Dendale P. Prinzmetal's variant angina: Three case reports and a review of the literature. Acta Cardiol 1999; 54: 71-76.
    • (1999) Acta Cardiol , vol.54 , pp. 71-76
    • Vandergoten, P.1    Benit, E.2    Dendale, P.3
  • 7
    • 0032896815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histological evaluation of coronary plaque in patients with variant angina: Relationship between vasospasm and neointimal hyperplasia in primary coronary lesions
    • Suzuki H, Kawai S, Aizawa T, Kato K, Sunayama S, Okada R, et al. Histological evaluation of coronary plaque in patients with variant angina: Relationship between vasospasm and neointimal hyperplasia in primary coronary lesions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 198-205.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 198-205
    • Suzuki, H.1    Kawai, S.2    Aizawa, T.3    Kato, K.4    Sunayama, S.5    Okada, R.6
  • 8
    • 0028808547 scopus 로고
    • Progression and regression of coronary stenosis in the long-term follow-up of vasospastic angina
    • Ozaki Y, Keane D, Serruys PW. Progression and regression of coronary stenosis in the long-term follow-up of vasospastic angina. Circulation 1995; 92: 2446-2456.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 2446-2456
    • Ozaki, Y.1    Keane, D.2    Serruys, P.W.3
  • 10
    • 0020639814 scopus 로고
    • Plaque rupture with severe pre-existing stenosis precipitating coronary thrombosis: Characteristics of coronary atherosclerotic plaques underlying fatal occlusive thrombi
    • Falk E. Plaque rupture with severe pre-existing stenosis precipitating coronary thrombosis: Characteristics of coronary atherosclerotic plaques underlying fatal occlusive thrombi. Br Heart J 1983; 50: 127-134.
    • (1983) Br Heart J , vol.50 , pp. 127-134
    • Falk, E.1
  • 11
    • 0023891968 scopus 로고
    • Morphodynamic interpretation of acute coronary thrombosis, with special reference to volcano-like eruption of atheromatous plaque caused by coronary artery spasm
    • Lin CS, Penha PD, Zak FG, Lin JC. Morphodynamic interpretation of acute coronary thrombosis, with special reference to volcano-like eruption of atheromatous plaque caused by coronary artery spasm. Angiology 1988; 39: 535-547.
    • (1988) Angiology , vol.39 , pp. 535-547
    • Lin, C.S.1    Penha, P.D.2    Zak, F.G.3    Lin, J.C.4
  • 12
    • 0025636141 scopus 로고
    • Fibrinopeptide A is released into the coronary circulation after coronary spasm
    • Oshima S, Yasue H, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Matsuyama K. Fibrinopeptide A is released into the coronary circulation after coronary spasm. Circulation 1990; 82: 2222-2225.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 2222-2225
    • Oshima, S.1    Yasue, H.2    Ogawa, H.3    Okumura, K.4    Matsuyama, K.5
  • 13
  • 14
    • 0029164996 scopus 로고
    • Soluble P-selectin is released into the coronary circulation after coronary spasm
    • Kaikita K, Ogawa H, Yasue H, Sakamoto T, Suefuji H, Okumura K. Soluble P-selectin is released into the coronary circulation after coronary spasm. Circulation 1995; 92: 1726-1730.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1726-1730
    • Kaikita, K.1    Ogawa, H.2    Yasue, H.3    Sakamoto, T.4    Suefuji, H.5    Okumura, K.6
  • 15
    • 44049091761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm-clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment
    • Yasue H, Nakagawa H, Itoh T, Harada E, Mizuno Y. Coronary artery spasm-clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. J Cardiol 2008; 51: 2-17.
    • (2008) J Cardiol , vol.51 , pp. 2-17
    • Yasue, H.1    Nakagawa, H.2    Itoh, T.3    Harada, E.4    Mizuno, Y.5
  • 16
    • 0023035568 scopus 로고
    • Induction of coronary artery spasm by acetylcholine in patients with variant angina: Possible role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm
    • Yasue H, Horio Y, Nakamura N, Fujii H, Imoto N, Sonoda R, et al. Induction of coronary artery spasm by acetylcholine in patients with variant angina: Possible role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm. Circulation 1986; 74: 955-963.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.74 , pp. 955-963
    • Yasue, H.1    Horio, Y.2    Nakamura, N.3    Fujii, H.4    Imoto, N.5    Sonoda, R.6
  • 17
    • 0023726548 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specifcity of intracoronary injection of acetylcholine for the induction of coronary artery spasm
    • Okumura K, Yasue H, Matsuyama K, Goto K, Miyagi H, Ogawa H, et al. Sensitivity and specifcity of intracoronary injection of acetylcholine for the induction of coronary artery spasm. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 12: 883-888.
    • (1988) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.12 , pp. 883-888
    • Okumura, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Matsuyama, K.3    Goto, K.4    Miyagi, H.5    Ogawa, H.6
  • 18
    • 0023869440 scopus 로고
    • Multivessel coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: A study with intracoronary injection of acetylcho-line
    • Okumura K, Yasue H, Horio Y, Takaoka K, Matsuyama K, Kugiyama K, et al. Multivessel coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: A study with intracoronary injection of acetylcho-line. Circulation 1988; 77: 535-542.
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.77 , pp. 535-542
    • Okumura, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Horio, Y.3    Takaoka, K.4    Matsuyama, K.5    Kugiyama, K.6
  • 19
    • 0033561148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of provoked coronary vasospasm in patients undergoing coronary arteriography with spasm provocation test of acetylcholine
    • Sueda S, Ochi N, Kawada H, Matsuda S, Hayashi Y, Tsuruoka T, et al. Frequency of provoked coronary vasospasm in patients undergoing coronary arteriography with spasm provocation test of acetylcholine. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83: 1186-1190.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.83 , pp. 1186-1190
    • Sueda, S.1    Ochi, N.2    Kawada, H.3    Matsuda, S.4    Hayashi, Y.5    Tsuruoka, T.6
  • 20
    • 0027497392 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for coronary spasm
    • Sugiishi M, Takatsu F. Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for coronary spasm. Circulation 1993; 87: 76-79.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , pp. 76-79
    • Sugiishi, M.1    Takatsu, F.2
  • 21
    • 0023707485 scopus 로고
    • Long-term prognosis for patients with variant angina and infuential factors
    • Yasue H, Takizawa A, Nagao M, Nishida S, Horie M, Kubota J, et al. Long-term prognosis for patients with variant angina and infuential factors. Circulation 1988; 78: 1-9.
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.78 , pp. 1-9
    • Yasue, H.1    Takizawa, A.2    Nagao, M.3    Nishida, S.4    Horie, M.5    Kubota, J.6
  • 22
    • 0033959559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the risk factors for coronary artery spasm with those for organic stenosis in a Japanese population: Role of cigarette smoking
    • Takaoka K, Yoshimura M, Ogawa H, Kugiyama K, Nakayama M, Shimasaki Y, et al. Comparison of the risk factors for coronary artery spasm with those for organic stenosis in a Japanese population: Role of cigarette smoking. Int J Cardiol 2000; 72: 121-126.
    • (2000) Int J Cardiol , vol.72 , pp. 121-126
    • Takaoka, K.1    Yoshimura, M.2    Ogawa, H.3    Kugiyama, K.4    Nakayama, M.5    Shimasaki, Y.6
  • 23
    • 12244251884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm-Clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment
    • Yasue H, editor, Tokyo: Axel Springer Japan Publishing Inc
    • Yasue H, Kugiyama K. Coronary artery spasm-Clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment. In: Yasue H, editor. Coronary artery spasm. Tokyo: Axel Springer Japan Publishing Inc, 2000; 9-18.
    • (2000) Coronary Artery Spasm , pp. 9-18
    • Yasue, H.1    Kugiyama, K.2
  • 24
    • 0028239029 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of smoking cessation on the short-term prognosis for variant angina-validation of the smoking status by urinary cotinine measurements
    • Miwa K, Fujita M, Miyagi Y. Beneficial effects of smoking cessation on the short-term prognosis for variant angina-validation of the smoking status by urinary cotinine measurements. Int J Cardiol 1994; 44: 151-156.
    • (1994) Int J Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 151-156
    • Miwa, K.1    Fujita, M.2    Miyagi, Y.3
  • 25
    • 0025344781 scopus 로고
    • Magnesium deficiency detected by intravenous loading test in variant angina pectoris
    • Goto K, Yasue H, Okumura K, Matsuyama K, Kugiyama K, Miyagi H, et al. Magnesium deficiency detected by intravenous loading test in variant angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65: 709-712.
    • (1990) Am J Cardiol , vol.65 , pp. 709-712
    • Goto, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Okumura, K.3    Matsuyama, K.4    Kugiyama, K.5    Miyagi, H.6
  • 26
    • 0024522728 scopus 로고
    • Effect of magnesium on anginal attack induced by hyperventilation in patients with variant angina
    • Miyagi H, Yasue H, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Goto K, Oshima S. Effect of magnesium on anginal attack induced by hyperventilation in patients with variant angina. Circulation 1989; 79: 597-602.
    • (1989) Circulation , vol.79 , pp. 597-602
    • Miyagi, H.1    Yasue, H.2    Okumura, K.3    Ogawa, H.4    Goto, K.5    Oshima, S.6
  • 27
    • 0028891066 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced insulin response relates to acetyl-choline-induced vasoconstriction in vasospastic angina
    • Shimabukuro M, Shinzato T, Higa S, Chibana T, Yoshida H, Nagamine F, et al. Enhanced insulin response relates to acetyl-choline-induced vasoconstriction in vasospastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 356-361.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.25 , pp. 356-361
    • Shimabukuro, M.1    Shinzato, T.2    Higa, S.3    Chibana, T.4    Yoshida, H.5    Nagamine, F.6
  • 28
    • 0029098514 scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance associated with compensatory hyperin-sulinemia as an independent risk factor for vasospastic angina
    • Shinozaki K, Suzuki M, Ikebuchi M, Takaki H, Hara Y, Tsushima M, et al. Insulin resistance associated with compensatory hyperin-sulinemia as an independent risk factor for vasospastic angina. Circulation 1995; 92: 1749-1757.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1749-1757
    • Shinozaki, K.1    Suzuki, M.2    Ikebuchi, M.3    Takaki, H.4    Hara, Y.5    Tsushima, M.6
  • 29
    • 0029881157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glucose tolerance with late hypersecretion of insulin during oral glucose tolerance test in patients with vasospastic angina
    • Suzuki M, Nishizaki M, Arita M, Kakuta T, Numano F. Impaired glucose tolerance with late hypersecretion of insulin during oral glucose tolerance test in patients with vasospastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27: 1458-1463.
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.27 , pp. 1458-1463
    • Suzuki, M.1    Nishizaki, M.2    Arita, M.3    Kakuta, T.4    Numano, F.5
  • 30
    • 0016301627 scopus 로고
    • Role of autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of Prinzmetal's variant form of angina
    • Yasue H, Touyama M, Shimamoto M, Kato H, Tanaka S. Role of autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of Prinzmetal's variant form of angina. Circulation 1974; 50: 534-539.
    • (1974) Circulation , vol.50 , pp. 534-539
    • Yasue, H.1    Touyama, M.2    Shimamoto, M.3    Kato, H.4    Tanaka, S.5
  • 31
    • 0031808681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations of autonomic nervous activity preceding nocturnal variant angina: Sympathetic augmentation with parasympathetic impairment
    • Miwa K, Igawa A, Miyagi Y, Nakagawa K, Inoue H. Alterations of autonomic nervous activity preceding nocturnal variant angina: Sympathetic augmentation with parasympathetic impairment. Am Heart J 1998; 135: 762-771.
    • (1998) Am Heart J , vol.135 , pp. 762-771
    • Miwa, K.1    Igawa, A.2    Miyagi, Y.3    Nakagawa, K.4    Inoue, H.5
  • 32
    • 0031698269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in heart rate variability preceding ST elevation in a patient with vasospastic angina pectoris
    • Ooie T, Takakura T, Shiraiwa H, Yoshimura A, Hara M, Saikawa T. Change in heart rate variability preceding ST elevation in a patient with vasospastic angina pectoris. Heart Vessels 1998; 13: 40-44.
    • (1998) Heart Vessels , vol.13 , pp. 40-44
    • Ooie, T.1    Takakura, T.2    Shiraiwa, H.3    Yoshimura, A.4    Hara, M.5    Saikawa, T.6
  • 33
    • 9444258048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide activity is defcient in spasm arteries of patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Kugiyama K, Yasue H, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Fujimoto K, Nakao K, et al. Nitric oxide activity is defcient in spasm arteries of patients with coronary spastic angina. Circulation 1996; 94: 266-271.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 266-271
    • Kugiyama, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Okumura, K.3    Ogawa, H.4    Fujimoto, K.5    Nakao, K.6
  • 34
    • 0033535841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -786 → C mutation in the 5'-fanking region of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm
    • -786 → C mutation in the 5'-fanking region of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm. Circulation 1999; 99: 2864-2870.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 2864-2870
    • Nakayama, M.1    Yasue, H.2    Yoshimura, M.3    Shimasaki, Y.4    Kugiyama, K.5    Ogawa, H.6
  • 35
    • 0034664245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -786 → C mutation in the 5'-fanking region of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with myocardial infarction, especially without coronary organic stenosis
    • -786 → C mutation in the 5'-fanking region of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with myocardial infarction, especially without coronary organic stenosis. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86: 628-634.
    • (2000) Am J Cardiol , vol.86 , pp. 628-634
    • Nakayama, M.1    Yasue, H.2    Yoshimura, M.3    Shimasaki, Y.4    Ogawa, H.5    Kugiyama, K.6
  • 36
    • 0034327414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication protein A1 reduces transcription of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene containing a-786T → C mutation associated with coronary spastic angina
    • Miyamoto Y, Saito Y, Nakayama M, Shimasaki Y, Yoshimura T, Yoshimura M, et al. Replication protein A1 reduces transcription of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene containing a-786T → C mutation associated with coronary spastic angina. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9: 2629-2637.
    • (2000) Hum Mol Genet , vol.9 , pp. 2629-2637
    • Miyamoto, Y.1    Saito, Y.2    Nakayama, M.3    Shimasaki, Y.4    Yoshimura, T.5    Yoshimura, M.6
  • 38
    • 34447332857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene-786T/ C polymorphism is a predictive factor for reattacks of coronary spasm
    • Nishijima T, Nakayama M, Yoshimura M, Abe K, Yamamuro M, Suzuki S, et al. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene-786T/ C polymorphism is a predictive factor for reattacks of coronary spasm. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007; 17: 581-587.
    • (2007) Pharmacogenet Genomics , vol.17 , pp. 581-587
    • Nishijima, T.1    Nakayama, M.2    Yoshimura, M.3    Abe, K.4    Yamamuro, M.5    Suzuki, S.6
  • 39
    • 0030048029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A smoking-dependent risk of coronary artery disease associated with a polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene
    • Wang XL, Sim AS, Badenhop RF, McCredie RM, Wilcken DE. A smoking-dependent risk of coronary artery disease associated with a polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. Nat Med 1996; 2: 41-45.
    • (1996) Nat Med , vol.2 , pp. 41-45
    • Wang, X.L.1    Sim, A.S.2    Badenhop, R.F.3    McCredie, R.M.4    Wilcken, D.E.5
  • 41
    • 0035174449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ethnicity on the distribution of clinically relevant endothelial nitric oxide variants
    • Tanus-Santos JE, Desai M, Flockhart DA. Effects of ethnicity on the distribution of clinically relevant endothelial nitric oxide variants. Pharmacogenetics 2001; 11: 719-725.
    • (2001) Pharmacogenetics , vol.11 , pp. 719-725
    • Tanus-Santos, J.E.1    Desai, M.2    Flockhart, D.A.3
  • 42
    • 0037197775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced activity of variant phospholipase C-delta1 protein (R257H) detected in patients with coronary artery spasm
    • Nakano T, Osanai T, Tomita H, Sekimata M, Homma Y, Okumura K. Enhanced activity of variant phospholipase C-delta1 protein (R257H) detected in patients with coronary artery spasm. Circulation 2002; 105: 2024-2029.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2024-2029
    • Nakano, T.1    Osanai, T.2    Tomita, H.3    Sekimata, M.4    Homma, Y.5    Okumura, K.6
  • 43
    • 0034669488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced phospholipase C activity in the cultured skin fbroblast obtained from patients with coronary spastic angina: Possible role for enhanced vasoconstrictor response
    • Okumura K, Osanai T, Kosugi T, Hanada H, Ishizaka H, Fukushi T, et al. Enhanced phospholipase C activity in the cultured skin fbroblast obtained from patients with coronary spastic angina: Possible role for enhanced vasoconstrictor response. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 1847-1852.
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.36 , pp. 1847-1852
    • Okumura, K.1    Osanai, T.2    Kosugi, T.3    Hanada, H.4    Ishizaka, H.5    Fukushi, T.6
  • 44
    • 3042795368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic risk and gene-environment interaction in coronary artery spasm in Japanese men and women
    • Murase Y, Yamada Y, Hirashiki A, Ichihara S, Kanda H, Watarai M, et al. Genetic risk and gene-environment interaction in coronary artery spasm in Japanese men and women. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 970-977.
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , pp. 970-977
    • Murase, Y.1    Yamada, Y.2    Hirashiki, A.3    Ichihara, S.4    Kanda, H.5    Watarai, M.6
  • 46
    • 0020034481 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography
    • Bertrand ME, LaBlanche JM, Tilmant PY, Thieuleux FA, Delforge MR, Carre AG, et al. Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Circulation 1982; 65: 1299-1306.
    • (1982) Circulation , vol.65 , pp. 1299-1306
    • Bertrand, M.E.1    Lablanche, J.M.2    Tilmant, P.Y.3    Thieuleux, F.A.4    Delforge, M.R.5    Carre, A.G.6
  • 47
    • 1842776870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of provoked coronary spasms in patients undergoing coronary arteriography using a spasm provocation test via intracoronary administration of ergonovine
    • Sueda S, Kohno H, Fukuda H, Ochi N, Kawada H, Hayashi Y, et al. Frequency of provoked coronary spasms in patients undergoing coronary arteriography using a spasm provocation test via intracoronary administration of ergonovine. Angiology 2004; 55: 403-411.
    • (2004) Angiology , vol.55 , pp. 403-411
    • Sueda, S.1    Kohno, H.2    Fukuda, H.3    Ochi, N.4    Kawada, H.5    Hayashi, Y.6
  • 48
    • 0023234158 scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics associated with myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden death in patients with vasospastic angina
    • Nakamura M, Takeshita A, Nose Y. Clinical characteristics associated with myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and sudden death in patients with vasospastic angina. Circulation 1987; 75: 1110-1116.
    • (1987) Circulation , vol.75 , pp. 1110-1116
    • Nakamura, M.1    Takeshita, A.2    Nose, Y.3
  • 49
    • 0023837519 scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients with variant angina: A comparative study between western and Japanese populations
    • Shimokawa H, Nagasawa K, Irie T, Egashira S, Egashira K, Sagara T, et al. Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients with variant angina: A comparative study between western and Japanese populations. Int J Cardiol 1988; 18: 331-349.
    • (1988) Int J Cardiol , vol.18 , pp. 331-349
    • Shimokawa, H.1    Nagasawa, K.2    Irie, T.3    Egashira, S.4    Egashira, K.5    Sagara, T.6
  • 55
    • 0030200784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low incidence of serotonin-induced occlusive coronary artery spasm in patients with recent myocardial infarction
    • Mongiardo R, Finocchiaro ML, Beltrame J, Pristipino C, Lombardo A, Cianfone D, et al. Low incidence of serotonin-induced occlusive coronary artery spasm in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1996; 78: 84-87.
    • (1996) Am J Cardiol , vol.78 , pp. 84-87
    • Mongiardo, R.1    Finocchiaro, M.L.2    Beltrame, J.3    Pristipino, C.4    Lombardo, A.5    Cianfone, D.6
  • 56
    • 0026575878 scopus 로고
    • Effect of acetylcholine on the highly stenotic coronary artery: Difference between the constrictor response of the infarct-related coronary artery and that of the noninfarct-related artery
    • Okumura K, Yasue H, Matsuyama K, Ogawa H, Morikami Y, Obata K, et al. Effect of acetylcholine on the highly stenotic coronary artery: Difference between the constrictor response of the infarct-related coronary artery and that of the noninfarct-related artery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 752-758.
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.19 , pp. 752-758
    • Okumura, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Matsuyama, K.3    Ogawa, H.4    Morikami, Y.5    Obata, K.6
  • 57
    • 0033133490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial heterogeneity in coronary artery vasomotor reactivity: Differences between Japanese and Caucasian patients
    • Beltrame JF, Sasayama S, Maseri A. Racial heterogeneity in coronary artery vasomotor reactivity: Differences between Japanese and Caucasian patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 1442-1452.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 1442-1452
    • Beltrame, J.F.1    Sasayama, S.2    Maseri, A.3
  • 58
    • 0019195506 scopus 로고
    • The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine
    • Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 1980; 288: 373-376.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.288 , pp. 373-376
    • Furchgott, R.F.1    Zawadzki, J.V.2
  • 59
    • 0023198721 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor
    • Palmer RM, Ferrige AG, Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 1987; 327: 524-526.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.327 , pp. 524-526
    • Palmer, R.M.1    Ferrige, A.G.2    Moncada, S.3
  • 60
    • 0023505509 scopus 로고
    • Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide
    • Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, Byrns RE, Chaudhuri G. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 9265-9269.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.84 , pp. 9265-9269
    • Ignarro, L.J.1    Buga, G.M.2    Wood, K.S.3    Byrns, R.E.4    Chaudhuri, G.5
  • 61
    • 0033542476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation
    • Dimmeler S, Fleming I, Fisslthaler B, Hermann C, Busse R, Zeiher AM. Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Nature 1999; 399: 601-605.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 601-605
    • Dimmeler, S.1    Fleming, I.2    Fisslthaler, B.3    Hermann, C.4    Busse, R.5    Zeiher, A.M.6
  • 62
    • 0025883342 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide: Physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology
    • Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA. Nitric oxide: Physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 1991; 43: 109-142.
    • (1991) Pharmacol Rev , vol.43 , pp. 109-142
    • Moncada, S.1    Palmer, R.M.2    Higgs, E.A.3
  • 63
    • 0030044117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffuse disorder of coronary artery vasomotility in patients with coronary spastic angina: Hyperreactivity to the constrictor effects of acetylcholine and the dilator effects of nitro-glycerin
    • Okumura K, Yasue H, Matsuyama K, Ogawa H, Kugiyama K, Ishizaka H, et al. Diffuse disorder of coronary artery vasomotility in patients with coronary spastic angina: Hyperreactivity to the constrictor effects of acetylcholine and the dilator effects of nitro-glycerin. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27: 45-52.
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.27 , pp. 45-52
    • Okumura, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Matsuyama, K.3    Ogawa, H.4    Kugiyama, K.5    Ishizaka, H.6
  • 64
    • 0033979414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary artery spasm: Lessons from animal models
    • Shimokawa H. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary artery spasm: Lessons from animal models. Jpn Circ J 2000; 64: 1-12.
    • (2000) Jpn Circ J , vol.64 , pp. 1-12
    • Shimokawa, H.1
  • 65
    • 0031469111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylations as a central mechanism for coronary artery spasm in a swine model with interleukin-1beta
    • Katsumata N, Shimokawa H, Seto M, Kozai T, Yamawaki T, Kuwata K, et al. Enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylations as a central mechanism for coronary artery spasm in a swine model with interleukin-1beta. Circulation 1997; 96: 4357-4363.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 4357-4363
    • Katsumata, N.1    Shimokawa, H.2    Seto, M.3    Kozai, T.4    Yamawaki, T.5    Kuwata, K.6
  • 67
    • 9444242736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of myosin phosphatase by Rho and Rho-associ-ated kinase (Rho-kinase)
    • Kimura K, Ito M, Amano M, Chihara K, Fukata Y, Nakafuku M, et al. Regulation of myosin phosphatase by Rho and Rho-associ-ated kinase (Rho-kinase). Science 1996; 273: 245-248.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 245-248
    • Kimura, K.1    Ito, M.2    Amano, M.3    Chihara, K.4    Fukata, Y.5    Nakafuku, M.6
  • 68
    • 0029786313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation and activation of myosin by Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase)
    • Amano M, Ito M, Kimura K, Fukata Y, Chihara K, Nakano T, et al. Phosphorylation and activation of myosin by Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase). J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 20246-20249.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 20246-20249
    • Amano, M.1    Ito, M.2    Kimura, K.3    Fukata, Y.4    Chihara, K.5    Nakano, T.6
  • 69
    • 0031279259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary spasm: Clinical features and pathogenesis
    • Yasue H, Kugiyama K. Coronary spasm: Clinical features and pathogenesis. Intern Med 1997; 36: 760-765.
    • (1997) Intern Med , vol.36 , pp. 760-765
    • Yasue, H.1    Kugiyama, K.2
  • 70
    • 0033600546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA guidelines for ambulatory elec-trocardiography: Executive summary and recommendations. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (committee to revise the guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography)
    • Crawford MH, Bernstein SJ, Deedwania PC, DiMarco JP, Ferrick KJ, Garson A Jr, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for ambulatory elec-trocardiography: Executive summary and recommendations. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (committee to revise the guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography). Circulation 1999; 100: 886-893.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 886-893
    • Crawford, M.H.1    Bernstein, S.J.2    Deedwania, P.C.3    Dimarco, J.P.4    Ferrick, K.J.5    Garson Jr., A.6
  • 71
    • 0037956688 scopus 로고
    • Angina pectoris. I: A variant form of angina pector. preliminary report
    • Prinzmetal M, Kennamer R, Merliss R, Wada T, Bor N. Angina pectoris. I: A variant form of angina pector. preliminary report. Am J Med 1959; 27: 375-388.
    • (1959) Am J Med , vol.27 , pp. 375-388
    • Prinzmetal, M.1    Kennamer, R.2    Merliss, R.3    Wada, T.4    Bor, N.5
  • 73
    • 0020041202 scopus 로고
    • Exercise testing in patients with variant angina: Results, correlation with clinical and angiographic features and prognostic significance
    • Waters DD, Szlachcic J, Bourassa MG, Scholl JM, Théroux P. Exercise testing in patients with variant angina: Results, correlation with clinical and angiographic features and prognostic significance. Circulation 1982; 65: 265-274.
    • (1982) Circulation , vol.65 , pp. 265-274
    • Waters, D.D.1    Szlachcic, J.2    Bourassa, M.G.3    Scholl, J.M.4    Théroux, P.5
  • 74
    • 0022242485 scopus 로고
    • Transient myocardial ischemia with minimal electro cardiographic changes: An echocardiographic study in patients with Prinzmetal's angina
    • Rovai D, Distante A, Moscarelli E, Morales MA, Picano E, Palombo C, et al. Transient myocardial ischemia with minimal electro cardiographic changes: An echocardiographic study in patients with Prinzmetal's angina. Am Heart J 1985; 109: 78-83.
    • (1985) Am Heart J , vol.109 , pp. 78-83
    • Rovai, D.1    Distante, A.2    Moscarelli, E.3    Morales, M.A.4    Picano, E.5    Palombo, C.6
  • 77
    • 0018582850 scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery spasm of different degrees as cause of angina at rest with ST segment depression and elevation
    • De Servi S, Specchia G, Angoli L. Coronary artery spasm of different degrees as cause of angina at rest with ST segment depression and elevation. Br Heart J 1979; 42: 110-112.
    • (1979) Br Heart J , vol.42 , pp. 110-112
    • de Servi, S.1    Specchia, G.2    Angoli, L.3
  • 78
    • 0018185177 scopus 로고
    • ST-segment elevation during recovery from exercise: A new manifestation of Prinzmetal's variant angina
    • Weiner DA, Schick EC Jr, Hood WB Jr, Ryan TJ. ST-segment elevation during recovery from exercise: A new manifestation of Prinzmetal's variant angina. Chest 1978; 74: 133-138.
    • (1978) Chest , vol.74 , pp. 133-138
    • Weiner, D.A.1    Schick Jr., E.C.2    Hood Jr., W.B.3    Ryan, T.J.4
  • 79
    • 0023897954 scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced intermittent angina and ST-segment elevation in Prinzmetal's angina
    • Scardi S, Pivotti F, Pandullo C, Ceschia G, Salvi A. Exercise-induced intermittent angina and ST-segment elevation in Prinzmetal's angina. Eur Heart J 1988; 9: 102-105.
    • (1988) Eur Heart J , vol.9 , pp. 102-105
    • Scardi, S.1    Pivotti, F.2    Pandullo, C.3    Ceschia, G.4    Salvi, A.5
  • 80
    • 0018149046 scopus 로고
    • Coronary arterial spasm and Prinzmetal's variant form of angina induced by hyperventilation and Tris-buffer infusion
    • Yasue H, Nagao M, Omote S, Takizawa A, Miwa K, Tanaka S. Coronary arterial spasm and Prinzmetal's variant form of angina induced by hyperventilation and Tris-buffer infusion. Circulation 1978; 58: 56-62.
    • (1978) Circulation , vol.58 , pp. 56-62
    • Yasue, H.1    Nagao, M.2    Omote, S.3    Takizawa, A.4    Miwa, K.5    Tanaka, S.6
  • 81
    • 0023743934 scopus 로고
    • Hyperventilation-induced simultaneous multives-sel coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: An echocar-diographic and arteriographic study
    • Fujii H, Yasue H, Okumura K, Matsuyama K, Morikami Y, Miyagi H, et al. Hyperventilation-induced simultaneous multives-sel coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: An echocar-diographic and arteriographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 12: 1184-1192.
    • (1988) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.12 , pp. 1184-1192
    • Fujii, H.1    Yasue, H.2    Okumura, K.3    Matsuyama, K.4    Morikami, Y.5    Miyagi, H.6
  • 84
    • 0023039395 scopus 로고
    • Local coronary supersensitivity to diverse vasoconstrictive stimuli in patients with variant angina
    • Kaski JC, Crea F, Meran D, Rodriguez L, Araujo L, Chierchia S, et al. Local coronary supersensitivity to diverse vasoconstrictive stimuli in patients with variant angina. Circulation 1986; 74: 1255-1265.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.74 , pp. 1255-1265
    • Kaski, J.C.1    Crea, F.2    Meran, D.3    Rodriguez, L.4    Araujo, L.5    Chierchia, S.6
  • 85
    • 0020107160 scopus 로고
    • The hyperventilation test as a method for developing successful therapy in Prinzmetal's angina
    • Girotti LA, Crosatto JR, Messuti H, Kaski JC, Dyszel E, Rivas CA, et al. The hyperventilation test as a method for developing successful therapy in Prinzmetal's angina. Am J Cardiol 1982; 49: 834-841.
    • (1982) Am J Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 834-841
    • Girotti, L.A.1    Crosatto, J.R.2    Messuti, H.3    Kaski, J.C.4    Dyszel, E.5    Rivas, C.A.6
  • 86
    • 0023848590 scopus 로고
    • Possible role of coronary spasm in acute myocardial infarction precipitated by hyperventilation
    • Takaoka K, Yasue H, Horio Y. Possible role of coronary spasm in acute myocardial infarction precipitated by hyperventilation. Br Heart J 1988; 59: 256-258.
    • (1988) Br Heart J , vol.59 , pp. 256-258
    • Takaoka, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Horio, Y.3
  • 87
    • 0032993962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the most effective provocation test for patients with coronary spastic angina: Usefulness of accelerated exercise following hyperventilation
    • Sueda S, Saeki H, Otani T, Ochi N, Kukita H, Kawada H, et al. Investigation of the most effective provocation test for patients with coronary spastic angina: Usefulness of accelerated exercise following hyperventilation. Jpn Circ J 1999; 63: 85-90.
    • (1999) Jpn Circ J , vol.63 , pp. 85-90
    • Sueda, S.1    Saeki, H.2    Otani, T.3    Ochi, N.4    Kukita, H.5    Kawada, H.6
  • 89
    • 0032032963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of coronary vasospasm by posthyperventilation technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography imaging in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Shanoudy H, Raggi P, Gasperetti C, Soliman A, Ramachandran K, Ammerman GE, et al. Detection of coronary vasospasm by posthyperventilation technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography imaging in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 573-577.
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.81 , pp. 573-577
    • Shanoudy, H.1    Raggi, P.2    Gasperetti, C.3    Soliman, A.4    Ramachandran, K.5    Ammerman, G.E.6
  • 90
    • 0035190003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperventilation and cold-pressor stress echocardiogra-phy for noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery spasm
    • Hirano Y, Ozasa Y, Yamamoto T, Uehara H, Yamada S, Nakagawa K, et al. Hyperventilation and cold-pressor stress echocardiogra-phy for noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery spasm. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001; 14: 626-633.
    • (2001) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.14 , pp. 626-633
    • Hirano, Y.1    Ozasa, Y.2    Yamamoto, T.3    Uehara, H.4    Yamada, S.5    Nakagawa, K.6
  • 91
    • 0036597683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of vasospastic angina by hyperventilation and cold-pressor stress echocardiography: Comparison to I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy
    • Hirano Y, Ozasa Y, Yamamoto T, Nakagawa K, Uehara H, Yamada S, et al. Diagnosis of vasospastic angina by hyperventilation and cold-pressor stress echocardiography: Comparison to I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002; 15: 617-623.
    • (2002) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.15 , pp. 617-623
    • Hirano, Y.1    Ozasa, Y.2    Yamamoto, T.3    Nakagawa, K.4    Uehara, H.5    Yamada, S.6
  • 92
    • 0032533598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin E administration improves impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Motoyama T, Kawano H, Kugiyama K, Hirashima O, Ohgushi M, Tsunoda R, et al. Vitamin E administration improves impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with coronary spastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 1672-1679.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 1672-1679
    • Motoyama, T.1    Kawano, H.2    Kugiyama, K.3    Hirashima, O.4    Ohgushi, M.5    Tsunoda, R.6
  • 93
    • 0342424181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease
    • Schachinger V, Britten MB, Zeiher AM. Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease. Circulation 2000; 101: 1899-1906.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 1899-1906
    • Schachinger, V.1    Britten, M.B.2    Zeiher, A.M.3
  • 94
    • 33745102058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery in patients with cardiovascular disease
    • Yoshida T, Kawano H, Miyamoto S, Motoyama T, Fukushima H, Hirai N, et al. Prognostic value of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery in patients with cardiovascular disease. Intern Med 2006; 45: 575-579.
    • (2006) Intern Med , vol.45 , pp. 575-579
    • Yoshida, T.1    Kawano, H.2    Miyamoto, S.3    Motoyama, T.4    Fukushima, H.5    Hirai, N.6
  • 95
    • 0037116573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent fow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: A report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force
    • Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, Celermajer D, Charbonneau F, Creager MA, et al; International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent fow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: A report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 257-265.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 257-265
    • Corretti, M.C.1    Anderson, T.J.2    Benjamin, E.J.3    Celermajer, D.4    Charbonneau, F.5    Creager, M.A.6
  • 96
    • 0028957394 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide is responsible for flow-dependent dilatation of human peripheral conduct arteries in vivo
    • Joannides R, Haefeli WE, Linder L, Richard V, Bakkali EH, Thuillez C, et al. Nitric oxide is responsible for flow-dependent dilatation of human peripheral conduct arteries in vivo. Circulation 1995; 91: 1314-1319.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 1314-1319
    • Joannides, R.1    Haefeli, W.E.2    Linder, L.3    Richard, V.4    Bakkali, E.H.5    Thuillez, C.6
  • 97
    • 0037125368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial function fuctuates with diurnal variation in the frequency of ischemic episodes in patients with variant angina
    • Kawano H, Motoyama T, Yasue H, Hirai N, Waly HM, Kugiyama K, et al. Endothelial function fuctuates with diurnal variation in the frequency of ischemic episodes in patients with variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 266-270.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 266-270
    • Kawano, H.1    Motoyama, T.2    Yasue, H.3    Hirai, N.4    Waly, H.M.5    Kugiyama, K.6
  • 98
    • 0035808031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menstrual cyclic variation of myocardial ischemia in premenopausal women with variant angina
    • Kawano H, Motoyama T, Ohgushi M, Kugiyama K, Ogawa H, Yasue H. Menstrual cyclic variation of myocardial ischemia in premenopausal women with variant angina. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 977-981.
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.135 , pp. 977-981
    • Kawano, H.1    Motoyama, T.2    Ohgushi, M.3    Kugiyama, K.4    Ogawa, H.5    Yasue, H.6
  • 99
    • 0032731326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic endothelial function is preserved in men with both active and inactive variant angina pectoris
    • Ito K, Akita H, Kanazawa K, Yamada S, Shiga N, Terashima M, et al. Systemic endothelial function is preserved in men with both active and inactive variant angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 1347-1349, A8.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.84 , pp. 1347-1349
    • Ito, K.1    Akita, H.2    Kanazawa, K.3    Yamada, S.4    Shiga, N.5    Terashima, M.6
  • 100
    • 0034730098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated C-reactive protein levels and impaired endothelial vasoreactivity in patients with coronary artery disease
    • Fichtlscherer S, Rosenberger G, Walter DH, Breuer S, Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM. Elevated C-reactive protein levels and impaired endothelial vasoreactivity in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000; 102: 1000-1006.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 1000-1006
    • Fichtlscherer, S.1    Rosenberger, G.2    Walter, D.H.3    Breuer, S.4    Dimmeler, S.5    Zeiher, A.M.6
  • 101
    • 0035131696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation is decreased in forearm resistance vessels in patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Moriyama Y, Tsunoda R, Harada M, Miyao Y, Yoshimura M, Kugiyama K, et al. Nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation is decreased in forearm resistance vessels in patients with coronary spastic angina. Jpn Circ J 2001; 65: 81-86.
    • (2001) Jpn Circ J , vol.65 , pp. 81-86
    • Moriyama, Y.1    Tsunoda, R.2    Harada, M.3    Miyao, Y.4    Yoshimura, M.5    Kugiyama, K.6
  • 102
    • 0023139572 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of electrocardiography and thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy for the detection of ergonovine-induced coronary artery spasm: Angiographic correlation
    • Shanes JG, Pavel D, Blend M, Olea E, Krone R, Lacny K, et al. Comparison of electrocardiography and thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy for the detection of ergonovine-induced coronary artery spasm: Angiographic correlation. Am Heart J 1987; 113: 663-671.
    • (1987) Am Heart J , vol.113 , pp. 663-671
    • Shanes, J.G.1    Pavel, D.2    Blend, M.3    Olea, E.4    Krone, R.5    Lacny, K.6
  • 103
    • 0025236991 scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia in patients with vasospastic angina
    • Aoki M, Koyanagi S, Sakai K, Irie T, Takeshita A, Nakamura M, et al. Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia in patients with vasospastic angina. Am Heart J 1990; 119: 551-556.
    • (1990) Am Heart J , vol.119 , pp. 551-556
    • Aoki, M.1    Koyanagi, S.2    Sakai, K.3    Irie, T.4    Takeshita, A.5    Nakamura, M.6
  • 104
    • 0028213744 scopus 로고
    • Infuence of exercise-induced coronary artery spasm on thallium-201 initial distribution and washout kinetics in patients with variant and classic angina pectoris
    • Motomura K, Kugiyama K, Yasue H, Minoda K, Okumura K, Inobe Y, et al. Infuence of exercise-induced coronary artery spasm on thallium-201 initial distribution and washout kinetics in patients with variant and classic angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 661-665.
    • (1994) Am J Cardiol , vol.73 , pp. 661-665
    • Motomura, K.1    Kugiyama, K.2    Yasue, H.3    Minoda, K.4    Okumura, K.5    Inobe, Y.6
  • 105
    • 0028101485 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of quantitative exercise thallium-201 emission computed tomography in patients with vasospastic angina-value of washout rate analysis
    • Sakata K, Yoshida H, Sugino H, Iimuro M, Matsunaga Y, Ono N, et al. Assessment of quantitative exercise thallium-201 emission computed tomography in patients with vasospastic angina-value of washout rate analysis. Jpn Circ J 1994; 58: 379-388.
    • (1994) Jpn Circ J , vol.58 , pp. 379-388
    • Sakata, K.1    Yoshida, H.2    Sugino, H.3    Iimuro, M.4    Matsunaga, Y.5    Ono, N.6
  • 106
    • 0029047572 scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of hyperventilation thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography for the diagnosis of vasospastic angina
    • Masuoka T, Ajisaka R, Watanabe S, Yamanouchi T, Iida K, Sato M, et al. Usefulness of hyperventilation thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography for the diagnosis of vasospastic angina. Jpn Heart J 1995; 36: 405-420.
    • (1995) Jpn Heart J , vol.36 , pp. 405-420
    • Masuoka, T.1    Ajisaka, R.2    Watanabe, S.3    Yamanouchi, T.4    Iida, K.5    Sato, M.6
  • 107
    • 0028242831 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the distribution of myocardial blood fow between exercise-induced and hyperventilation-induced attacks of coronary spasm: A study with thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy
    • Minoda K, Yasue H, Kugiyama K, Okumura K, Motomura K, Shimomura O, et al. Comparison of the distribution of myocardial blood fow between exercise-induced and hyperventilation-induced attacks of coronary spasm: A study with thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. Am Heart J 1994; 127: 1474-1480.
    • (1994) Am Heart J , vol.127 , pp. 1474-1480
    • Minoda, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Kugiyama, K.3    Okumura, K.4    Motomura, K.5    Shimomura, O.6
  • 108
    • 0028942055 scopus 로고
    • Regional myocardial sympathetic dysinnervation in patients with coronary vasospasm
    • Takano H, Nakamura T, Satou T, Umetani K, Watanabe A, Ishihara T, et al. Regional myocardial sympathetic dysinnervation in patients with coronary vasospasm. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 324-329.
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.75 , pp. 324-329
    • Takano, H.1    Nakamura, T.2    Satou, T.3    Umetani, K.4    Watanabe, A.5    Ishihara, T.6
  • 109
    • 0030991364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of regional sympathetic nerve activity in vaso-spastic angina: Analysis of iodine 123-labeled metaiodobenzyl-guanidine scintigraphy
    • Sakata K, Miura F, Sugino H, Saegusa T, Shirotani M, Yoshida H, et al. Assessment of regional sympathetic nerve activity in vaso-spastic angina: Analysis of iodine 123-labeled metaiodobenzyl-guanidine scintigraphy. Am Heart J 1997; 133: 484-489.
    • (1997) Am Heart J , vol.133 , pp. 484-489
    • Sakata, K.1    Miura, F.2    Sugino, H.3    Saegusa, T.4    Shirotani, M.5    Yoshida, H.6
  • 110
    • 0030839783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting abnormalities in cardiac sympathetic nervous system in patients with coronary spastic angina: Quantitative analysis with iodine 123 metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy
    • Inobe Y, Kugiyama K, Miyagi H, Ohgushi M, Tomiguchi S, Takahashi M, et al. Long-lasting abnormalities in cardiac sympathetic nervous system in patients with coronary spastic angina: Quantitative analysis with iodine 123 metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy. Am Heart J 1997; 134: 112-118.
    • (1997) Am Heart J , vol.134 , pp. 112-118
    • Inobe, Y.1    Kugiyama, K.2    Miyagi, H.3    Ohgushi, M.4    Tomiguchi, S.5    Takahashi, M.6
  • 111
    • 0031916879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in patients with vasospastic angina
    • Taki J, Yasuhara S, Takamatsu T, Nakajima K, Tatami R, Ishise S, et al. Value of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in patients with vasospastic angina. Eur J Nucl Med 1998; 25: 229-234.
    • (1998) Eur J Nucl Med , vol.25 , pp. 229-234
    • Taki, J.1    Yasuhara, S.2    Takamatsu, T.3    Nakajima, K.4    Tatami, R.5    Ishise, S.6
  • 112
    • 0032217308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rim SJ, et al. 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy as a noninvasive screen for the diagnosis of coronary artery spasm
    • Ha JW, Lee JD, Jang Y, Chung N, Kwan J, Rim SJ, et al. 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy as a noninvasive screen for the diagnosis of coronary artery spasm. J Nucl Cardiol 1998; 5: 591-597.
    • (1998) J Nucl Cardiol , vol.5 , pp. 591-597
    • Ha, J.W.1    Lee, J.D.2    Jang, Y.3    Chung, N.4    Kwan, J.5
  • 113
    • 14644432478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging in vasospastic angina without signifcant coronary stenosis
    • Sakata K, Iida K, Kudo M, Yoshida H, Doi O. Prognostic value of I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging in vasospastic angina without signifcant coronary stenosis. Circ J 2005; 69: 171-176.
    • (2005) Circ J , vol.69 , pp. 171-176
    • Sakata, K.1    Iida, K.2    Kudo, M.3    Yoshida, H.4    Doi, O.5
  • 114
    • 0028825629 scopus 로고
    • Utility of iodine-123-BMIPP in the diagnosis and follow-up of vasospastic angina
    • Nakajima K, Shimizu K, Taki J, Uetani Y, Konishi S, Tonami N, et al. Utility of iodine-123-BMIPP in the diagnosis and follow-up of vasospastic angina. J Nucl Med 1995; 36: 1934-1940.
    • (1995) J Nucl Med , vol.36 , pp. 1934-1940
    • Nakajima, K.1    Shimizu, K.2    Taki, J.3    Uetani, Y.4    Konishi, S.5    Tonami, N.6
  • 115
  • 116
    • 0018741411 scopus 로고
    • Comparative assessment of stimuli that release neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamines in man
    • Robertson D, Johnson GA, Robertson RM, Nies AS, Shand DG, Oates JA. Comparative assessment of stimuli that release neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamines in man. Circulation 1979; 59: 637-643.
    • (1979) Circulation , vol.59 , pp. 637-643
    • Robertson, D.1    Johnson, G.A.2    Robertson, R.M.3    Nies, A.S.4    Shand, D.G.5    Oates, J.A.6
  • 117
    • 0023931637 scopus 로고
    • Dilation of normal and constriction of atherosclerotic coronary arteries caused by the cold pressor test
    • Nabel EG, Ganz P, Gordon JB, Alexander RW, Selwyn AP. Dilation of normal and constriction of atherosclerotic coronary arteries caused by the cold pressor test. Circulation 1988; 77: 43-52.
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.77 , pp. 43-52
    • Nabel, E.G.1    Ganz, P.2    Gordon, J.B.3    Alexander, R.W.4    Selwyn, A.P.5
  • 118
    • 0028041575 scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery constriction caused by the cold pressor test in human hypertension
    • Antony I, Aptecar E, Lerebours G, Nitenberg A. Coronary artery constriction caused by the cold pressor test in human hypertension. Hypertension 1994; 24: 212-219.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.24 , pp. 212-219
    • Antony, I.1    Aptecar, E.2    Lerebours, G.3    Nitenberg, A.4
  • 119
    • 0019446843 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of large coronary arteries by increases in myocardial metabolic demands in conscious dogs
    • Macho P, Hintze TH, Vatner SF. Regulation of large coronary arteries by increases in myocardial metabolic demands in conscious dogs. Circ Res 1981; 49: 594-599.
    • (1981) Circ Res , vol.49 , pp. 594-599
    • Macho, P.1    Hintze, T.H.2    Vatner, S.F.3
  • 121
    • 0025724919 scopus 로고
    • Flow activates an endothelial potassium channel to release an endogenous nitrovasodilator
    • Cooke JP, Rossitch E Jr, Andon NA, Loscalzo J, Dzau VJ. Flow activates an endothelial potassium channel to release an endogenous nitrovasodilator. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 1663-1671.
    • (1991) J Clin Invest , vol.88 , pp. 1663-1671
    • Cooke, J.P.1    Rossitch Jr., E.2    Andon, N.A.3    Loscalzo, J.4    Dzau, V.J.5
  • 122
    • 0024803036 scopus 로고
    • Hyperventilation and ergonovine tests in Prinzmetal's variant angina: Comparative sensitivity and relation with the activity of the disease
    • Previtali M, Ardissino D, Storti C, Chimienti RD, Salerno JA. Hyperventilation and ergonovine tests in Prinzmetal's variant angina: Comparative sensitivity and relation with the activity of the disease. Eur Heart J 1989; 10(Suppl F): 101-104.
    • (1989) Eur Heart J , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. F , pp. 101-104
    • Previtali, M.1    Ardissino, D.2    Storti, C.3    Chimienti, R.D.4    Salerno, J.A.5
  • 123
    • 0021877058 scopus 로고
    • Different susceptibility to myocardial ischemia provoked by hyperventilation and cold pressor test in exertional and variant angina pectoris
    • Crea F, Davies G, Chierchia S, Romeo F, Bugiardini R, Kaski JC, et al. Different susceptibility to myocardial ischemia provoked by hyperventilation and cold pressor test in exertional and variant angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1985; 56: 18-22.
    • (1985) Am J Cardiol , vol.56 , pp. 18-22
    • Crea, F.1    Davies, G.2    Chierchia, S.3    Romeo, F.4    Bugiardini, R.5    Kaski, J.C.6
  • 124
    • 0019171631 scopus 로고
    • Provocation of coronary artery spasm by the cold pressor test. Hemodynamic, arteriographic and quantitative angiographic observations
    • Raizner AE, Chahine RA, Ishimori T, Verani MS, Zacca N, Jamal N, et al. Provocation of coronary artery spasm by the cold pressor test. Hemodynamic, arteriographic and quantitative angiographic observations. Circulation 1980; 62: 925-932.
    • (1980) Circulation , vol.62 , pp. 925-932
    • Raizner, A.E.1    Chahine, R.A.2    Ishimori, T.3    Verani, M.S.4    Zacca, N.5    Jamal, N.6
  • 125
    • 0028130007 scopus 로고
    • Induction of coronary artery spasm by combined cold pressor and hyperventilation test in patients with variant angina
    • in Japanese
    • Shimizu H, Lee JD, Yamamoto M, Satake K, Tsubokawa A, Kawasaki N, et al. Induction of coronary artery spasm by combined cold pressor and hyperventilation test in patients with variant angina. J Cardiol 1994; 24: 257-261 (in Japanese).
    • (1994) J Cardiol , vol.24 , pp. 257-261
    • Shimizu, H.1    Lee, J.D.2    Yamamoto, M.3    Satake, K.4    Tsubokawa, A.5    Kawasaki, N.6
  • 126
    • 0037391855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of mental stress-induced myocardial ischaemia
    • Strike PC, Steptoe A. Systematic review of mental stress-induced myocardial ischaemia. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 690-703.
    • (2003) Eur Heart J , vol.24 , pp. 690-703
    • Strike, P.C.1    Steptoe, A.2
  • 127
    • 0033620922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental stress test is an effective inducer of vaso-spastic angina pectoris: Comparison with cold pressor, hyperventilation and master two-step exercise test
    • Yoshida K, Utsunomiya T, Morooka T, Yazawa M, Kido K, Ogawa T, et al. Mental stress test is an effective inducer of vaso-spastic angina pectoris: Comparison with cold pressor, hyperventilation and master two-step exercise test. Int J Cardiol 1999; 70: 155-163.
    • (1999) Int J Cardiol , vol.70 , pp. 155-163
    • Yoshida, K.1    Utsunomiya, T.2    Morooka, T.3    Yazawa, M.4    Kido, K.5    Ogawa, T.6
  • 128
    • 28544448085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
    • Zipes DP, Libby PBRO, Braunwald E, editors, 7th edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • Cannon CP, Braunwald E. Unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. In: Zipes DP, Libby PBRO, Braunwald E, editors. Braunwald's heart disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine, 7th edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2005; 1243-1279.
    • (2005) Braunwald's Heart Disease. a Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine , pp. 1243-1279
    • Cannon, C.P.1    Braunwald, E.2
  • 129
    • 27644469393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Need for documentation of guidelines for coronary artery spasm: An investigation by questionnaire in Japan
    • Sueda S, Izoe Y, Kohno H, Fukuda H, Uraoka T. Need for documentation of guidelines for coronary artery spasm: An investigation by questionnaire in Japan. Circ J 2005; 69: 1333-1337.
    • (2005) Circ J , vol.69 , pp. 1333-1337
    • Sueda, S.1    Izoe, Y.2    Kohno, H.3    Fukuda, H.4    Uraoka, T.5
  • 131
    • 0018419177 scopus 로고
    • Similarities of ergonovine-induced and spontaneous attacks of variant angina
    • Curry RC Jr, Pepine CJ, Sabom MB, Conti CR. Similarities of ergonovine-induced and spontaneous attacks of variant angina. Circulation 1979; 59: 307-312.
    • (1979) Circulation , vol.59 , pp. 307-312
    • Curry Jr., R.C.1    Pepine, C.J.2    Sabom, M.B.3    Conti, C.R.4
  • 132
    • 0018973359 scopus 로고
    • Refractory ergonovine-induced coronary vasospasm: Importance of intracoronary nitroglycerin
    • Buxton A, Goldberg S, Hirshfeld JW, Wilson J, Mann T, Williams DO, et al. Refractory ergonovine-induced coronary vasospasm: Importance of intracoronary nitroglycerin. Am J Cardiol 1980; 46: 329-334.
    • (1980) Am J Cardiol , vol.46 , pp. 329-334
    • Buxton, A.1    Goldberg, S.2    Hirshfeld, J.W.3    Wilson, J.4    Mann, T.5    Williams, D.O.6
  • 133
    • 0026689901 scopus 로고
    • Ergonovine maleate testing during cardiac catheterization: A 10-year perspective in 3,447 patients without signifcant coronary artery disease or Prinzmetal's variant angina
    • Harding MB, Leithe ME, Mark DB, Nelson CL, Harrison JK, Hermiller JB, et al. Ergonovine maleate testing during cardiac catheterization: A 10-year perspective in 3,447 patients without signifcant coronary artery disease or Prinzmetal's variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 107-111.
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.20 , pp. 107-111
    • Harding, M.B.1    Leithe, M.E.2    Mark, D.B.3    Nelson, C.L.4    Harrison, J.K.5    Hermiller, J.B.6
  • 134
    • 0042328163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of coronary artery spasm by two pharmacological agents: Comparison between intracoronary injection of acetyl choline and ergonovine
    • Sueda S, Kohno H, Fukuda H, Ochi N, Kawada H, Hayashi Y, et al. Induction of coronary artery spasm by two pharmacological agents: Comparison between intracoronary injection of acetyl choline and ergonovine. Coron Artery Dis 2003; 14: 451-457.
    • (2003) Coron Artery Dis , vol.14 , pp. 451-457
    • Sueda, S.1    Kohno, H.2    Fukuda, H.3    Ochi, N.4    Kawada, H.5    Hayashi, Y.6
  • 135
    • 0034087582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine- and ergonovine-induced coronary micro vascular spasm reflected by increased coronary vascular resistance and myocardial lactate production
    • Horimoto M, Igarashi K, Takenaka T, Inoue H, Yamazaki K, Sakuragi H. Acetylcholine- and ergonovine-induced coronary micro vascular spasm reflected by increased coronary vascular resistance and myocardial lactate production. Clin Cardiol 2000; 23: 221-225.
    • (2000) Clin Cardiol , vol.23 , pp. 221-225
    • Horimoto, M.1    Igarashi, K.2    Takenaka, T.3    Inoue, H.4    Yamazaki, K.5    Sakuragi, H.6
  • 136
    • 0026002487 scopus 로고
    • Increased plasma level of endothelin-1-like immuno reactivity during coronary spasm in patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Matsuyama K, Yasue H, Okumura K, Saito Y, Nakao K, Shirakami G, et al. Increased plasma level of endothelin-1-like immuno reactivity during coronary spasm in patients with coronary spastic angina. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68: 991-995.
    • (1991) Am J Cardiol , vol.68 , pp. 991-995
    • Matsuyama, K.1    Yasue, H.2    Okumura, K.3    Saito, Y.4    Nakao, K.5    Shirakami, G.6
  • 137
    • 0018386340 scopus 로고
    • Coronary hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic alterations accompanying coronary spasm
    • Goldberg S, Lam W, Mudge G, Green LH, Kushner F, Hirshfeld JW, et al. Coronary hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic alterations accompanying coronary spasm. Am J Cardiol 1979; 43: 481-487.
    • (1979) Am J Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 481-487
    • Goldberg, S.1    Lam, W.2    Mudge, G.3    Green, L.H.4    Kushner, F.5    Hirshfeld, J.W.6
  • 139
    • 0025760680 scopus 로고
    • Angioscopic coronary macromorphology in patients with acute coronary disorders
    • Mizuno K, Miyamoto A, Satomura K, Kurita A, Arai T, Sakurada M, et al. Angioscopic coronary macromorphology in patients with acute coronary disorders. Lancet 1991; 337: 809-812.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 809-812
    • Mizuno, K.1    Miyamoto, A.2    Satomura, K.3    Kurita, A.4    Arai, T.5    Sakurada, M.6
  • 140
    • 0026541705 scopus 로고
    • Angioscopic evaluation of coronary-artery thrombi in acute coronary syndromes
    • Mizuno K, Satomura K, Miyamoto A, Arakawa K, Shibuya T, Arai T, et al. Angioscopic evaluation of coronary-artery thrombi in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 287-291.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 287-291
    • Mizuno, K.1    Satomura, K.2    Miyamoto, A.3    Arakawa, K.4    Shibuya, T.5    Arai, T.6
  • 141
    • 0027366511 scopus 로고
    • Angioscopy in variant angina: Coronary artery spasm and intimal injury
    • Etsuda H, Mizuno K, Arakawa K, Satomura K, Shibuya T, Isojima K. Angioscopy in variant angina: Coronary artery spasm and intimal injury. Lancet 1993; 342: 1322-1324.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1322-1324
    • Etsuda, H.1    Mizuno, K.2    Arakawa, K.3    Satomura, K.4    Shibuya, T.5    Isojima, K.6
  • 142
    • 0033854325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffuse intimal thickening of coronary arteries in patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Miyao Y, Kugiyama K, Kawano H, Motoyama T, Ogawa H, Yoshimura M, et al. Diffuse intimal thickening of coronary arteries in patients with coronary spastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 432-437.
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.36 , pp. 432-437
    • Miyao, Y.1    Kugiyama, K.2    Kawano, H.3    Motoyama, T.4    Ogawa, H.5    Yoshimura, M.6
  • 143
    • 0033828536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravascular ultrasound fndings of negative arterial remodeling at sites of focal coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina
    • Hong MK, Park SW, Lee CW, Ko JY, Kang DH, Song JK, et al. Intravascular ultrasound fndings of negative arterial remodeling at sites of focal coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina. Am Heart J 2000; 140: 395-401.
    • (2000) Am Heart J , vol.140 , pp. 395-401
    • Hong, M.K.1    Park, S.W.2    Lee, C.W.3    Ko, J.Y.4    Kang, D.H.5    Song, J.K.6
  • 144
    • 10744232152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plaque morphology at coronary sites with focal spasm in variant angina: Study using intravascular ultrasound
    • Saito S, Yamagishi M, Takayama T, Chiku M, Koyama J, Ito K, et al. Plaque morphology at coronary sites with focal spasm in variant angina: Study using intravascular ultrasound. Circ J 2003; 67: 1041-1045.
    • (2003) Circ J , vol.67 , pp. 1041-1045
    • Saito, S.1    Yamagishi, M.2    Takayama, T.3    Chiku, M.4    Koyama, J.5    Ito, K.6
  • 145
    • 0029121243 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of vessel wall morphologic appearance at sites of focal and diffuse coronary vasospasm by intravascular ultrasound
    • Koyama J, Yamagishi M, Tamai J, Kawano S, Daikoku S, Miyatake K. Comparison of vessel wall morphologic appearance at sites of focal and diffuse coronary vasospasm by intravascular ultrasound. Am Heart J 1995; 130: 440-445.
    • (1995) Am Heart J , vol.130 , pp. 440-445
    • Koyama, J.1    Yamagishi, M.2    Tamai, J.3    Kawano, S.4    Daikoku, S.5    Miyatake, K.6
  • 146
    • 33646022248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Location of focal vasospasm provoked by ergonovine maleate within coronary arteries in patients with vasospastic angina pectoris
    • Koizumi T, Yokoyama M, Namikawa S, Kuriyama N, Nameki M, Nakayama T, et al. Location of focal vasospasm provoked by ergonovine maleate within coronary arteries in patients with vasospastic angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 1322-1325.
    • (2006) Am J Cardiol , vol.97 , pp. 1322-1325
    • Koizumi, T.1    Yokoyama, M.2    Namikawa, S.3    Kuriyama, N.4    Nameki, M.5    Nakayama, T.6
  • 147
    • 0034646207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major racial differences in coronary constrictor response between Japanese and Caucasians with recent myocardial infarction
    • Pristipino C, Beltrame JF, Finocchiaro ML, Hattori R, Fujita M, Mongiardo R, et al. Major racial differences in coronary constrictor response between Japanese and Caucasians with recent myocardial infarction. Circulation 2000; 101: 1102-1108.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 1102-1108
    • Pristipino, C.1    Beltrame, J.F.2    Finocchiaro, M.L.3    Hattori, R.4    Fujita, M.5    Mongiardo, R.6
  • 148
    • 0028302834 scopus 로고
    • Importance of magnesium defciency in alcohol-induced variant angina
    • Miwa K, Igawa A, Miyagi Y, Fujita M. Importance of magnesium defciency in alcohol-induced variant angina. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 813-816.
    • (1994) Am J Cardiol , vol.73 , pp. 813-816
    • Miwa, K.1    Igawa, A.2    Miyagi, Y.3    Fujita, M.4
  • 150
    • 33646114511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japanese Acute Coronary Syndrome Study (JACSS) Investigators. Sex differences of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Japanese patients
    • Kawano H, Soejima H, Kojima S, Kitagawa A, Ogawa H; Japanese Acute Coronary Syndrome Study (JACSS) Investigators. Sex differences of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Japanese patients. Circ J 2006; 70: 513-517.
    • (2006) Circ J , vol.70 , pp. 513-517
    • Kawano, H.1    Soejima, H.2    Kojima, S.3    Kitagawa, A.4    Ogawa, H.5
  • 151
    • 0026771151 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of clinical risk factors for coronary artery spasm: Identifcation of the most important determinant
    • Nobuyoshi M, Abe M, Nosaka H, Kimura T, Yokoi H, Hamasaki N, et al. Statistical analysis of clinical risk factors for coronary artery spasm: Identifcation of the most important determinant. Am Heart J 1992; 124: 32-38.
    • (1992) Am Heart J , vol.124 , pp. 32-38
    • Nobuyoshi, M.1    Abe, M.2    Nosaka, H.3    Kimura, T.4    Yokoi, H.5    Hamasaki, N.6
  • 152
    • 0026529013 scopus 로고
    • Smoking is a risk factor for coronary spasm in young women
    • Caralis DG, Deligonul U, Kern MJ, Cohen JD. Smoking is a risk factor for coronary spasm in young women. Circulation 1992; 85: 905-909.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 905-909
    • Caralis, D.G.1    Deligonul, U.2    Kern, M.J.3    Cohen, J.D.4
  • 153
    • 0028025115 scopus 로고
    • Passive smoking as a cause of heart disease
    • Wells AJ. Passive smoking as a cause of heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 24: 546-554.
    • (1994) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.24 , pp. 546-554
    • Wells, A.J.1
  • 154
    • 0030024151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive smoking and impaired endothelium-dependent arterial dilatation in healthy young adults
    • Celermajer DS, Adams MR, Clarkson P, Robinson J, McCredie R, Donald A, et al. Passive smoking and impaired endothelium-dependent arterial dilatation in healthy young adults. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 150-154.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 150-154
    • Celermajer, D.S.1    Adams, M.R.2    Clarkson, P.3    Robinson, J.4    McCredie, R.5    Donald, A.6
  • 155
    • 0016284255 scopus 로고
    • Death and coronary attacks in men after giving up cigarette smoking: A report from the Framingham study
    • Gordon T, Kannel WB, McGee D, Dawber TR. Death and coronary attacks in men after giving up cigarette smoking: A report from the Framingham study. Lancet 1974; 2: 1345-1348.
    • (1974) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1345-1348
    • Gordon, T.1    Kannel, W.B.2    McGee, D.3    Dawber, T.R.4
  • 156
    • 0017503760 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of heart disease in the young coronary candidate
    • Kannel WB. Prevention of heart disease in the young coronary candidate. Prim Care 1977; 4: 229-243.
    • (1977) Prim Care , vol.4 , pp. 229-243
    • Kannel, W.B.1
  • 157
    • 0029967184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of reduced dietary sodium on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Midgley JP, Matthew AG, Greenwood CM, Logan AG. Effect of reduced dietary sodium on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 1996; 275: 1590-1597.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 1590-1597
    • Midgley, J.P.1    Matthew, A.G.2    Greenwood, C.M.3    Logan, A.G.4
  • 158
    • 0030713021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure
    • The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention
    • The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 2413-2446.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 2413-2446
  • 159
    • 0034129013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of endothelial function and insulin sensitivity with vitamin C in patients with coronary spastic angina: Possible role of reactive oxygen species
    • Hirashima O, Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirai N, Ohgushi M, Kugiyama K, et al. Improvement of endothelial function and insulin sensitivity with vitamin C in patients with coronary spastic angina: Possible role of reactive oxygen species. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1860-1866.
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.35 , pp. 1860-1866
    • Hirashima, O.1    Kawano, H.2    Motoyama, T.3    Hirai, N.4    Ohgushi, M.5    Kugiyama, K.6
  • 160
    • 0038677039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention; American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Subcommittee on Physical Activity. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity)
    • Thompson PD, Buchner D, Pina IL, Balady GJ, Williams MA, Marcus BH, et al; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention; American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Subcommittee on Physical Activity. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation 2003; 107: 3109-3116.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 3109-3116
    • Thompson, P.D.1    Buchner, D.2    Pina, I.L.3    Balady, G.J.4    Williams, M.A.5    Marcus, B.H.6
  • 161
    • 77955081453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrence of coronary spasm after withdrawal of Ca-antagonists-suppression by an HMG Co-A reductase Inhibitor
    • Mizuno Y, Yasue H, Harada E, Ito T, Nakayama M, Yoshimura M. Recurrence of coronary spasm after withdrawal of Ca-antagonists-suppression by an HMG Co-A reductase Inhibitor. Circulation 2006; 114: II-599.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 599
    • Mizuno, Y.1    Yasue, H.2    Harada, E.3    Ito, T.4    Nakayama, M.5    Yoshimura, M.6
  • 162
    • 0024706628 scopus 로고
    • Biological actions and properties of endothelium-derived nitric oxide formed and released from artery and vein
    • Ignarro LJ. Biological actions and properties of endothelium-derived nitric oxide formed and released from artery and vein. Circ Res 1989; 65: 1-21.
    • (1989) Circ Res , vol.65 , pp. 1-21
    • Ignarro, L.J.1
  • 163
    • 0030971476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supersensitive dilator response to nitroglycerin but not to a trial natriuretic peptide in spastic coronary arteries in coronary spastic angina
    • Kugiyama K, Ohgushi M, Sugiyama S, Motoyama T, Kawano H, Hirashima O, et al. Supersensitive dilator response to nitroglycerin but not to a trial natriuretic peptide in spastic coronary arteries in coronary spastic angina. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79: 606-610.
    • (1997) Am J Cardiol , vol.79 , pp. 606-610
    • Kugiyama, K.1    Ohgushi, M.2    Sugiyama, S.3    Motoyama, T.4    Kawano, H.5    Hirashima, O.6
  • 164
    • 0036784012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic NOS inhibition enhances alpha(2)- adrenoreceptor-stimulated RhoA and Rho kinase in rat aorta
    • Carter RW, Begaye M, Kanagy NL. Acute and chronic NOS inhibition enhances alpha(2)- adrenoreceptor-stimulated RhoA and Rho kinase in rat aorta. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 283: H1361-H1369.
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.283
    • Carter, R.W.1    Begaye, M.2    Kanagy, N.L.3
  • 166
    • 0019476132 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of variant angina with drugs: A survey of 11 cardiology institutes in Japan
    • Kimura E, Kishida H. Treatment of variant angina with drugs: A survey of 11 cardiology institutes in Japan. Circulation 1981; 63: 844-848.
    • (1981) Circulation , vol.63 , pp. 844-848
    • Kimura, E.1    Kishida, H.2
  • 167
    • 0020066942 scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind comparison of nifedipine and isosor-bide dinitrate therapy in variant angina pectoris due to coronary artery spasm
    • Ginsburg R, Lamb IH, Schroeder JS, Hu M, Harrison DC. Randomized double-blind comparison of nifedipine and isosor-bide dinitrate therapy in variant angina pectoris due to coronary artery spasm. Am Heart J 1982; 103: 44-49.
    • (1982) Am Heart J , vol.103 , pp. 44-49
    • Ginsburg, R.1    Lamb, I.H.2    Schroeder, J.S.3    Hu, M.4    Harrison, D.C.5
  • 169
    • 0023212233 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of diltiazem in variant angina: Results of a doubleblind crossover study in CCU by Holter monitoring. The possible occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome
    • Pesola A, Lauro A, Gallo R, Madeo A, Cosentino G. Efficacy of diltiazem in variant angina: Results of a doubleblind crossover study in CCU by Holter monitoring. The possible occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome. G Ital Cardiol 1987; 17: 329-339.
    • (1987) G Ital Cardiol , vol.17 , pp. 329-339
    • Pesola, A.1    Lauro, A.2    Gallo, R.3    Madeo, A.4    Cosentino, G.5
  • 170
    • 0027288776 scopus 로고
    • Randomized placebo-controlled trial of amlodipine in vasospastic angina: Amlodipine Study 160 Group
    • Chahine RA, Feldman RL, Giles TD, Nicod P, Raizner AE, Weiss RJ, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of amlodipine in vasospastic angina: Amlodipine Study 160 Group. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 21: 1365-1370.
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.21 , pp. 1365-1370
    • Chahine, R.A.1    Feldman, R.L.2    Giles, T.D.3    Nicod, P.4    Raizner, A.E.5    Weiss, R.J.6
  • 171
    • 4644359796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing characteristics of patients with vasospastic angina in the era of new calcium channel blockers
    • Ito A, Fukumoto Y, Shimokawa H. Changing characteristics of patients with vasospastic angina in the era of new calcium channel blockers. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004; 44: 480-485.
    • (2004) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 480-485
    • Ito, A.1    Fukumoto, Y.2    Shimokawa, H.3
  • 172
    • 0027273744 scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneous remission of variant angina
    • Tashiro H, Shimokawa H, Koyanagi S, Takeshita A. Clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneous remission of variant angina. Jpn Circ J 1993; 57: 117-122.
    • (1993) Jpn Circ J , vol.57 , pp. 117-122
    • Tashiro, H.1    Shimokawa, H.2    Koyanagi, S.3    Takeshita, A.4
  • 174
    • 0019442743 scopus 로고
    • Vasodilating actions of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate on porcine and guinea-pig coronary arteries
    • Furukawa K, Itoh T, Kajiwara M, Kitamura K, Suzuki H, Ito Y, et al. Vasodilating actions of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate on porcine and guinea-pig coronary arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1981; 218: 248-259.
    • (1981) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.218 , pp. 248-259
    • Furukawa, K.1    Itoh, T.2    Kajiwara, M.3    Kitamura, K.4    Suzuki, H.5    Ito, Y.6
  • 176
    • 0019414108 scopus 로고
    • Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate on smooth muscle cells and on adrenergic transmission in the guinea-pig and porcine mesenteric arteries
    • Itoh T, Furukawa K, Kajiwara M, Kitamura K, Suzuki H, Ito Y, et al. Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate on smooth muscle cells and on adrenergic transmission in the guinea-pig and porcine mesenteric arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1981; 218: 260-270.
    • (1981) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.218 , pp. 260-270
    • Itoh, T.1    Furukawa, K.2    Kajiwara, M.3    Kitamura, K.4    Suzuki, H.5    Ito, Y.6
  • 177
    • 0023153793 scopus 로고
    • Effects of nicor-andil on rest and effort angina unresponsive to combination therapy with a calcium antagonist and oral nitrate
    • Araki H, Hayata N, Matsuguchi T, Nakamura M. Effects of nicor-andil on rest and effort angina unresponsive to combination therapy with a calcium antagonist and oral nitrate. Clin Ther 1987; 9: 174-182.
    • (1987) Clin Ther , vol.9 , pp. 174-182
    • Araki, H.1    Hayata, N.2    Matsuguchi, T.3    Nakamura, M.4
  • 178
    • 0037299279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of massive oral nicorandil in a patient with variant angina refractory to conventional treatment
    • Kurisu S, Inoue I, Kawagoe T, Ishihara M, Shimatani Y, Nishioka K, et al. Usefulness of massive oral nicorandil in a patient with variant angina refractory to conventional treatment. Intern Med 2003; 42: 163-167.
    • (2003) Intern Med , vol.42 , pp. 163-167
    • Kurisu, S.1    Inoue, I.2    Kawagoe, T.3    Ishihara, M.4    Shimatani, Y.5    Nishioka, K.6
  • 179
    • 0034067355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractory coronary spasm relieved by intracoronary administration of nicorandil
    • Noguchi T, Nonogi H, Yasuda S, Daikoku S, Morii I, Itoh A, et al. Refractory coronary spasm relieved by intracoronary administration of nicorandil. Jpn Circ J 2000; 64: 396-398.
    • (2000) Jpn Circ J , vol.64 , pp. 396-398
    • Noguchi, T.1    Nonogi, H.2    Yasuda, S.3    Daikoku, S.4    Morii, I.5    Itoh, A.6
  • 180
    • 0018104977 scopus 로고
    • Effect of 2-nicotinamidethyl nitrate (SG 75) on coronary circulation
    • Uchida Y, Yoshimoto N, Murao S. Effect of 2-nicotinamidethyl nitrate (SG 75) on coronary circulation. Jpn Heart J 1978; 19: 112-124.
    • (1978) Jpn Heart J , vol.19 , pp. 112-124
    • Uchida, Y.1    Yoshimoto, N.2    Murao, S.3
  • 181
    • 0029083106 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of plasma low density lipoprotein to cupric ion-induced peroxidation in patients with variant angina
    • Miwa K, Miyagi Y, Fujita M. Susceptibility of plasma low density lipoprotein to cupric ion-induced peroxidation in patients with variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26: 632-638.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.26 , pp. 632-638
    • Miwa, K.1    Miyagi, Y.2    Fujita, M.3
  • 183
    • 12244267951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased oxidative stress with elevated serum thioredoxin level in patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Miwa K, Kishimoto C, Nakamura H, Makita T, Ishii K, Okuda N, et al. Increased oxidative stress with elevated serum thioredoxin level in patients with coronary spastic angina. Clin Cardiol 2003; 26: 177-181.
    • (2003) Clin Cardiol , vol.26 , pp. 177-181
    • Miwa, K.1    Kishimoto, C.2    Nakamura, H.3    Makita, T.4    Ishii, K.5    Okuda, N.6
  • 184
    • 7344235348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin C attenuates abnormal vasomotor reactivity in spasm coronary arteries in patients with coronary spastic angina
    • Kugiyama K, Motoyama T, Hirashima O, Ohgushi M, Soejima H, Misumi K, et al. Vitamin C attenuates abnormal vasomotor reactivity in spasm coronary arteries in patients with coronary spastic angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 103-109.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 103-109
    • Kugiyama, K.1    Motoyama, T.2    Hirashima, O.3    Ohgushi, M.4    Soejima, H.5    Misumi, K.6
  • 185
    • 0025008831 scopus 로고
    • Responses of angiographically normal human coronary arteries to intracoronary injection of acetylcholine by age and segment: Possible role of early coronary atherosclerosis
    • Yasue H, Matsuyama K, Matsuyama K, Okumura K, Morikami Y, Ogawa H. Responses of angiographically normal human coronary arteries to intracoronary injection of acetylcholine by age and segment: Possible role of early coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 1990; 81: 482-490.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 482-490
    • Yasue, H.1    Matsuyama, K.2    Matsuyama, K.3    Okumura, K.4    Morikami, Y.5    Ogawa, H.6
  • 187
    • 0028204074 scopus 로고
    • Variable expression of the estrogen receptor in normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries of premenopausal women
    • Losordo DW, Kearney M, Kim EA, Jekanowski J, Isner JM. Variable expression of the estrogen receptor in normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries of premenopausal women. Circulation 1994; 89: 1501-1510.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , pp. 1501-1510
    • Losordo, D.W.1    Kearney, M.2    Kim, E.A.3    Jekanowski, J.4    Isner, J.M.5
  • 188
    • 0033542402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system
    • Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1801-1811.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1801-1811
    • Mendelsohn, M.E.1    Karas, R.H.2
  • 189
    • 0030276705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menstrual cyclic variation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery: Possible role of estrogen and nitric oxide
    • Kawano H, Motoyama T, Kugiyama K, Hirashima O, Ohgushi M, Yoshimura M, et al. Menstrual cyclic variation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery: Possible role of estrogen and nitric oxide. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1996; 108: 473-480.
    • (1996) Proc Assoc Am Physicians , vol.108 , pp. 473-480
    • Kawano, H.1    Motoyama, T.2    Kugiyama, K.3    Hirashima, O.4    Ohgushi, M.5    Yoshimura, M.6
  • 190
    • 0030752658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender difference in improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation after estrogen supplementation
    • Kawano H, Motoyama T, Kugiyama K, Hirashima O, Ohgushi M, Fujii H, et al. Gender difference in improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation after estrogen supplementation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 914-919.
    • (1997) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.30 , pp. 914-919
    • Kawano, H.1    Motoyama, T.2    Kugiyama, K.3    Hirashima, O.4    Ohgushi, M.5    Fujii, H.6
  • 191
    • 0035281776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estradiol supplementation suppresses hyperventilation-induced attacks in postmenopausal women with variant angina
    • Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirai N, Kugiyama K, Ogawa H, Yasue H. Estradiol supplementation suppresses hyperventilation-induced attacks in postmenopausal women with variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 735-740.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.37 , pp. 735-740
    • Kawano, H.1    Motoyama, T.2    Hirai, N.3    Kugiyama, K.4    Ogawa, H.5    Yasue, H.6
  • 192
    • 0037125379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefts of estrogen plus proges-tin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
    • Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, et al; Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefts of estrogen plus proges-tin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321-333.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 321-333
    • Rossouw, J.E.1    Anderson, G.L.2    Prentice, R.L.3    Lacroix, A.Z.4    Kooperberg, C.5    Stefanick, M.L.6
  • 193
    • 0032547326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group
    • Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA 1998; 280: 605-613.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 605-613
    • Hulley, S.1    Grady, D.2    Bush, T.3    Furberg, C.4    Herrington, D.5    Riggs, B.6
  • 194
    • 73649207174 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotoxicosis as a disease of mitochondria
    • Hoch FL. Thyrotoxicosis as a disease of mitochondria. N Engl J Med 1962; 266: 498-505.
    • (1962) N Engl J Med , vol.266 , pp. 498-505
    • Hoch, F.L.1
  • 195
    • 0020327601 scopus 로고
    • Toxic effects of human eosinophil products on isolated rat heart cells in vitro
    • Tai PC, Hayes DJ, Clark JB, Spry CJ. Toxic effects of human eosinophil products on isolated rat heart cells in vitro. Biochem J 1982; 204: 75-80.
    • (1982) Biochem J , vol.204 , pp. 75-80
    • Tai, P.C.1    Hayes, D.J.2    Clark, J.B.3    Spry, C.J.4
  • 196
    • 0022521150 scopus 로고
    • Histamine-induced coronary spasm in regions of intimal thickening in miniature pigs: Roles of serum cholesterol and spontaneous or induced intimal thickening
    • Egashira K, Tomoike H, Yamamoto Y, Yamada A, Hayashi Y, Nakamura M. Histamine-induced coronary spasm in regions of intimal thickening in miniature pigs: Roles of serum cholesterol and spontaneous or induced intimal thickening. Circulation 1986; 74: 826-837.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.74 , pp. 826-837
    • Egashira, K.1    Tomoike, H.2    Yamamoto, Y.3    Yamada, A.4    Hayashi, Y.5    Nakamura, M.6
  • 197
    • 0034093131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-vasospastic angina refractory to medical therapy caused by hyperthyroid stage of chronic thyroiditis and hypereosinophilia: A case report
    • in Japanese
    • Okada H, Koganei H, Yoshioka S, Enta K, Suzuki K, Kato J, et al. Multi-vasospastic angina refractory to medical therapy caused by hyperthyroid stage of chronic thyroiditis and hypereosinophilia: A case report. J Cardiol 2000; 35: 189-196 (in Japanese).
    • (2000) J Cardiol , vol.35 , pp. 189-196
    • Okada, H.1    Koganei, H.2    Yoshioka, S.3    Enta, K.4    Suzuki, K.5    Kato, J.6
  • 198
    • 0942266122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of refractory vasospastic angina with corticosteroids: Coronary arterial hyperactivity caused by local infammation?
    • Takagi S, Goto Y, Hirose E, Terashima M, Sakuragi S, Suzuki S, et al. Successful treatment of refractory vasospastic angina with corticosteroids: Coronary arterial hyperactivity caused by local infammation? Circ J 2004; 68: 17-22.
    • (2004) Circ J , vol.68 , pp. 17-22
    • Takagi, S.1    Goto, Y.2    Hirose, E.3    Terashima, M.4    Sakuragi, S.5    Suzuki, S.6
  • 199
    • 0037007054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of coronary artery spasm by the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil in patients with vasospastic angina
    • Masumoto A, Mohri M, Shimokawa H, Urakami L, Usui M, Takeshita A. Suppression of coronary artery spasm by the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil in patients with vasospastic angina. Circulation 2002; 105: 1545-1547.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1545-1547
    • Masumoto, A.1    Mohri, M.2    Shimokawa, H.3    Urakami, L.4    Usui, M.5    Takeshita, A.6
  • 200
    • 0032877847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rho-kinase-mediated pathway induces enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylations in a swine model of coronary artery spasm
    • Shimokawa H, Seto M, Katsumata N, Amano M, Kozai T, Yamawaki T, et al. Rho-kinase-mediated pathway induces enhanced myosin light chain phosphorylations in a swine model of coronary artery spasm. Cardiovasc Res 1999; 43: 1029-1039.
    • (1999) Cardiovasc Res , vol.43 , pp. 1029-1039
    • Shimokawa, H.1    Seto, M.2    Katsumata, N.3    Amano, M.4    Kozai, T.5    Yamawaki, T.6
  • 201
    • 10744227785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for protein kinase C-mediated activation of Rho-kinase in a porcine model of coronary artery spasm
    • Kandabashi T, Shimokawa H, Miyata K, Kunihiro I, Eto Y, Morishige K, et al. Evidence for protein kinase C-mediated activation of Rho-kinase in a porcine model of coronary artery spasm. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23: 2209-2214.
    • (2003) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.23 , pp. 2209-2214
    • Kandabashi, T.1    Shimokawa, H.2    Miyata, K.3    Kunihiro, I.4    Eto, Y.5    Morishige, K.6
  • 202
    • 0037223388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rho-kinase inhibition with intracoronary fasudil prevents myocar-dial ischemia in patients with coronary microvascular spasm
    • Mohri M, Shimokawa H, Hirakawa Y, Masumoto A, Takeshita A. Rho-kinase inhibition with intracoronary fasudil prevents myocar-dial ischemia in patients with coronary microvascular spasm. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 15-19.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 15-19
    • Mohri, M.1    Shimokawa, H.2    Hirakawa, Y.3    Masumoto, A.4    Takeshita, A.5
  • 203
    • 4344578278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, to treat intractable severe coronary spasm after coronary artery bypass surgery
    • Inokuchi K, Ito A, Fukumoto Y, Matoba T, Shiose A, Nishida T, et al. Usefulness of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, to treat intractable severe coronary spasm after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004; 44: 275-277.
    • (2004) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 275-277
    • Inokuchi, K.1    Ito, A.2    Fukumoto, Y.3    Matoba, T.4    Shiose, A.5    Nishida, T.6
  • 204
    • 0037012403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited role of coronary angioplasty and stenting in coronary spastic angina with organic stenosis
    • Tanabe Y, Itoh E, Suzuki K, Ito M, Hosaka Y, Nakagawa I, et al. Limited role of coronary angioplasty and stenting in coronary spastic angina with organic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 1120-1126.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 1120-1126
    • Tanabe, Y.1    Itoh, E.2    Suzuki, K.3    Ito, M.4    Hosaka, Y.5    Nakagawa, I.6
  • 207
    • 0022550265 scopus 로고
    • Comparative results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with dynamic versus fxed coronary stenosis
    • Bertrand ME, LaBlanche JM, Thieuleux FA, Fourrier JL, Traisnel G, Asseman P. Comparative results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with dynamic versus fxed coronary stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8: 504-508.
    • (1986) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.8 , pp. 504-508
    • Bertrand, M.E.1    Lablanche, J.M.2    Thieuleux, F.A.3    Fourrier, J.L.4    Traisnel, G.5    Asseman, P.6
  • 209
    • 0018876128 scopus 로고
    • Relation of coronary arterial spasm to sites of organic stenosis
    • MacAlpin RN. Relation of coronary arterial spasm to sites of organic stenosis. Am J Cardiol 1980; 46: 143-153.
    • (1980) Am J Cardiol , vol.46 , pp. 143-153
    • Macalpin, R.N.1
  • 210
    • 77955082009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the role of coronary spasm in ischemic heart disease, supported by grants for studies on cardiovascular diseases from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) (10ko-5). Research report, in Japanese
    • Study of the role of coronary spasm in ischemic heart disease, supported by grants for studies on cardiovascular diseases from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW) (10ko-5). Research report in 2000 (in Japanese).
    • (2000)
  • 211
    • 0036570211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of implantable cardioverter-defibrilla-tors in refractory variant angina pectoris complicated by ventricular fibrillation in patients with angiographically nomal coronary arteries
    • Meisel SR, Mazur A, Chetboun I, Epshtein M, Canetti M, Gallimidi J, et al. Usefulness of implantable cardioverter-defibrilla-tors in refractory variant angina pectoris complicated by ventricular fibrillation in patients with angiographically nomal coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89: 1114-1116.
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.89 , pp. 1114-1116
    • Meisel, S.R.1    Mazur, A.2    Chetboun, I.3    Epshtein, M.4    Canetti, M.5    Gallimidi, J.6
  • 212
    • 0031931979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmic cardiac arrest due to isolated coronary artery spasm: Long-term outcome of seben resuscitated patients
    • Chevalier P, Dacosta A, Defaye P, Chalvidan T, Bonnefoy E, Kirkorian G, et al. Arrhythmic cardiac arrest due to isolated coronary artery spasm: Long-term outcome of seben resuscitated patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31: 57-61.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.31 , pp. 57-61
    • Chevalier, P.1    Dacosta, A.2    Defaye, P.3    Chalvidan, T.4    Bonnefoy, E.5    Kirkorian, G.6
  • 213
    • 0035169081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple endothelial injury in epicardial coronary artery induces downstream microvascular spasm as well as remodeling partly via thromboxane A2
    • Saitoh S, Onogi F, Aikawa K, Muto M, Saito T, Maehara K, et al. Multiple endothelial injury in epicardial coronary artery induces downstream microvascular spasm as well as remodeling partly via thromboxane A2. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 308-315.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.37 , pp. 308-315
    • Saitoh, S.1    Onogi, F.2    Aikawa, K.3    Muto, M.4    Saito, T.5    Maehara, K.6
  • 214
    • 0026498117 scopus 로고
    • Vasomotor response to ergometrine and nitrates of saphenous vein grafts, internal mammary artery grafts, and grafted coronary arteries late after bypass surgery
    • Hanet C, Robert A, Wijns W. Vasomotor response to ergometrine and nitrates of saphenous vein grafts, internal mammary artery grafts, and grafted coronary arteries late after bypass surgery. Circulation 1992; 86: II-210-II-216.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.86 , pp. 210-216
    • Hanet, C.1    Robert, A.2    Wijns, W.3
  • 215
    • 0035074310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arterial grafts for coronary surgery: Vasospasm and patency rate
    • He GW. Arterial grafts for coronary surgery: Vasospasm and patency rate. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 121: 431-433.
    • (2001) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.121 , pp. 431-433
    • He, G.W.1
  • 216
    • 0001860068 scopus 로고
    • Stunned myocardium with specifc (tsubo-type) left ventriculographic confgu-ration due to multivessel spasm
    • Kodama K, Haze K, Hori M, editors, Tokyo: Kagaku Hyoron-sya Co
    • Satoh H, Tateishi H, Uchida T, Dote K, Ishihara M. Stunned myocardium with specifc (tsubo-type) left ventriculographic confgu-ration due to multivessel spasm. In: Kodama K, Haze K, Hori M, editors. Clinical aspect of myocardial injury: from ischemia to heart failure. Tokyo: Kagaku Hyoron-sya Co, 1990; 56-64 (in Japanese).
    • (1990) Clinical Aspect of Myocardial Injury: From Ischemia to Heart Failure , pp. 56-64
    • Satoh, H.1    Tateishi, H.2    Uchida, T.3    Dote, K.4    Ishihara, M.5
  • 217
    • 0026393462 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial stunning due to simultaneous multivessel coronary spasms: A review of 5 cases
    • in Japanese
    • Dote K, Sato H, Tateishi H, Uchida T, Ishihara M. Myocardial stunning due to simultaneous multivessel coronary spasms: A review of 5 cases. J Cardiol 1991; 21: 203-214 (in Japanese).
    • (1991) J Cardiol , vol.21 , pp. 203-214
    • Dote, K.1    Sato, H.2    Tateishi, H.3    Uchida, T.4    Ishihara, M.5
  • 218
    • 0034964437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angina Pectoris-Myocardial Infarction Investigations in Japan. Transient left ventricular apical ballooning without coronary artery stenosis: A novel heart syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction: Angina Pectoris-Myocardial Infarction Investigations in Japan
    • Tsuchihashi K, Ueshima K, Uchida T, Oh-mura N, Kimura K, Owa M, et al; Angina Pectoris-Myocardial Infarction Investigations in Japan. Transient left ventricular apical ballooning without coronary artery stenosis: A novel heart syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction: Angina Pectoris-Myocardial Infarction Investigations in Japan. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38: 11-18.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.38 , pp. 11-18
    • Tsuchihashi, K.1    Ueshima, K.2    Uchida, T.3    Oh-Mura, N.4    Kimura, K.5    Owa, M.6
  • 219
    • 0346425004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ampulla cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy): Reversible left ventricular dysfunction with ST segment elevation
    • Kawai S, Suzuki H, Yamaguchi H, Tanaka K, Sawada H, Aizawa T, et al. Ampulla cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy): Reversible left ventricular dysfunction with ST segment elevation. Jpn Circ J 2000; 64: 156-159.
    • (2000) Jpn Circ J , vol.64 , pp. 156-159
    • Kawai, S.1    Suzuki, H.2    Yamaguchi, H.3    Tanaka, K.4    Sawada, H.5    Aizawa, T.6
  • 220
    • 0036185089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction with ST-segment elevation: A novel cardiac syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction
    • Kurisu S, Sato H, Kawagoe T, Ishihara M, Shimatani Y, Nishioka K, et al. Tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction with ST-segment elevation: A novel cardiac syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2002; 143: 448-455.
    • (2002) Am Heart J , vol.143 , pp. 448-455
    • Kurisu, S.1    Sato, H.2    Kawagoe, T.3    Ishihara, M.4    Shimatani, Y.5    Nishioka, K.6
  • 221
    • 0037420073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of clinical features in transient left ventricular apical ballooning
    • Abe Y, Kondo M, Matsuoka R, Araki M, Dohyama K, Tanio H. Assessment of clinical features in transient left ventricular apical ballooning. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 737-742.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 737-742
    • Abe, Y.1    Kondo, M.2    Matsuoka, R.3    Araki, M.4    Dohyama, K.5    Tanio, H.6
  • 222
    • 0030732719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human stress cardiomyopathy mimicking acute myocardial syndrome
    • Pavin D, Le Breton H, Daubert C. Human stress cardiomyopathy mimicking acute myocardial syndrome. Heart 1997; 78: 509-511.
    • (1997) Heart , vol.78 , pp. 509-511
    • Pavin, D.1    Breton, H.L.2    Daubert, C.3
  • 223
    • 0031868134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible myocardial contraction abnormalities in patients with an acute noncardiac illness
    • Sharkey SW, Shear W, Hodges M, Herzog CA. Reversible myocardial contraction abnormalities in patients with an acute noncardiac illness. Chest 1998; 114: 98-105.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , pp. 98-105
    • Sharkey, S.W.1    Shear, W.2    Hodges, M.3    Herzog, C.A.4
  • 224
    • 0042829423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apical ballooning of the left ventricle: First series in white patients
    • Desmet WJ, Adriaenssens BF, Dens JA. Apical ballooning of the left ventricle: First series in white patients. Heart 2003; 89: 1027-1031.
    • (2003) Heart , vol.89 , pp. 1027-1031
    • Desmet, W.J.1    Adriaenssens, B.F.2    Dens, J.A.3
  • 225
    • 10044225734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: Transient left ventricular apical ballooning: A syndrome that mimics ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
    • Bybee KA, Kara T, Prasad A, Lerman A, Barsness GW, Wright RS, et al. Systematic review: Transient left ventricular apical ballooning: A syndrome that mimics ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 2004; 141: 858-865.
    • (2004) Ann Intern Med , vol.141 , pp. 858-865
    • Bybee, K.A.1    Kara, T.2    Prasad, A.3    Lerman, A.4    Barsness, G.W.5    Wright, R.S.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.