Disconnected aging: Cerebral white matter integrity and age-related differences in cognition

Neuroscience

Volumn 276, Issue , 2014, Pages 187-205

  Bennett, I J ^a   Madden, D J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Cognition; Diffusion tensor imaging; Disconnection; Magnetic resonance imaging; White matter integrity

Indexed keywords

AGING; BRAIN REGION; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; FRACTIONAL ANISOTROPY; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; MULTIMODAL IMAGING; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTING STATE NETWORK; REVIEW; TASK PERFORMANCE; WHITE MATTER; WHITE MATTER LESION; ADULT; AGED; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BRAIN CORTEX; CYTOLOGY; FEMALE; LEARNING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGED; AGING; CEREBRAL CORTEX; COGNITION; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEARNING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; WHITE MATTER; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84906790803     PISSN: 03064522     EISSN: 18737544     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.026     Document Type: Review

References (154)

1. Aboitiz F., Rodriguez E., Olivares R., Zaidel E. Age-related changes in fibre composition of the human corpus callosum: sex differences. Neuroreport 1996, 7:1761-1764.
2. Anderton B.H. Ageing of the brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2002, 123:811-817.
3. Andrews-Hanna J.R., Snyder A.Z., Vincent J.L., Lustig C., Head D., Raichle M.E., Buckner R.L. Disruption of large-scale brain systems in advanced aging. Neuron 2007, 56:924-935.
4. Antonenko D., Meinzer M., Lindenberg R., Witte A.V., Floel A. Grammar learning in older adults is linked to white matter microstructure and functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2012, 62:1667-1674.
5. Baron R.M., Kenny D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 1986, 51:1173-1182.
6. Barrick T.R., Charlton R.A., Clark C.A., Markus H.S. White matter structural decline in normal ageing: a prospective longitudinal study using tract-based spatial statistics. Neuroimage 2010, 51:565-577.
7. Bartzokis G. Age-related myelin breakdown: a developmental model of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2004, 25:5-18.
8. Basser P.J., Mattiello J., LeBihan D. MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging. Biophys J 1994, 66:259-267.
9. Beaulieu C. The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system - a technical review. NMR Biomed 2002, 15:435-455.
10. Bendlin B.B., Fitzgerald M.E., Ries M.L., Xu G., Kastman E.K., Thiel B.W., Rowley H.A., Lazar M., Alexander A.L., Johnson S.C. White matter in aging and cognition: a cross-sectional study of microstructure in adults aged eighteen to eighty-three. Dev Neuropsychol 2010, 35:257-277.
11. Bennett I.J., Rypma B. Advances in functional neuroanatomy: a review of combined DTI and fMRI studies in healthy younger and older adults. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013, 37:1201-1210.
12. Bennett I.J., Motes M.A., Rao N.K., Rypma B. White matter tract integrity predicts visual search performance in young and older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2012, 33:433.e421-433.e431.
13. Bennett I.J., Madden D.J., Vaidya C.J., Howard D.V., Howard J.H. Age-related differences in multiple measures of white matter integrity: a diffusion tensor imaging study of healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2010, 31:378-390.
14. Bennett I.J., Madden D.J., Vaidya C.J., Howard J.H., Howard D.V. White matter integrity correlates of implicit sequence learning in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 2011, 32:2317.e2311-2317.e2312.
15. Bhagat Y.A., Beaulieu C. Diffusion anisotropy in subcortical white matter and cortical gray matter: changes with aging and the role of CSF-suppression. J Magn Reson Imaging 2004, 20:216-227.
16. Birren J.E. Age changes in speed of behavior: its central nature and physiological correlates. Behavior, aging, and the nervous system 1965, Thomas, Springfield, IL. A.T. Welford, J.E. Birren (Eds.).
17. Biswal B.B., et al. Toward discovery science of human brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010, 107:4734-4739.
18. Borghesani P.R., Madhyastha T.M., Aylward E.H., Reiter M.A., Swarny B.R., Warner Schaie K., Willis S.L. The association between higher order abilities, processing speed, and age are variably mediated by white matter integrity during typical aging. Neuropsychologia 2013, 51:1435-1444.
19. Bosch B., Arenaza-Urquijo E.M., Rami L., Sala-Llonch R., Junque C., Sole-Padulles C., Pena-Gomez C., Bargallo N., Molinuevo J.L., Bartres-Faz D. Multiple DTI index analysis in normal aging, amnestic MCI and AD. Relationship with neuropsychological performance. Neurobiol Aging 2012, 33:61-74.
20. Brickman A.M., Meier I.B., Korgaonkar M.S., Provenzano F.A., Grieve S.M., Siedlecki K.L., Wasserman B.T., Williams L.M., Zimmerman M.E. Testing the white matter retrogenesis hypothesis of cognitive aging. Neurobiol Aging 2012, 33:1699-1715.
21. Bucur B., Madden D.J., Spaniol J., Provenzale J.M., Cabeza R., White L.E., Huettel S.A. Age-related slowing of memory retrieval: contributions of perceptual speed and cerebral white matter integrity. Neurobiol Aging 2008, 29:1070-1079.
22. Burgmans S., Gronenschild E.H., Fandakova Y., Shing Y.L., van Boxtel M.P., Vuurman E.F., Uylings H.B., Jolles J., Raz N. Age differences in speed of processing are partially mediated by differences in axonal integrity. Neuroimage 2011, 55:1287-1297.
23. Burzynska A.Z., Preuschhof C., Backman L., Nyberg L., Li S.C., Lindenberger U., Heekeren H.R. Age-related differences in white matter microstructure: region-specific patterns of diffusivity. Neuroimage 2010, 49:2104-2112.
24. Carmichael O., Lockhart S. The role of diffusion tensor imaging in the study of cognitive aging. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2012, 11:289-320.
25. Catani M. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging tractography in cognitive disorders. Curr Opin Neurol 2006, 19:599-606.
26. Catani M., Ffytche D.H. The rises and falls of disconnection syndromes. Brain 2005, 128:2224-2239.
27. Cerella J. Information processing rates in the elderly. Psychol Bull 1985, 98:67-83.
28. Charlton R.A., Barrick T.R., Markus H.S., Morris R.G. Theory of mind associations with other cognitive functions and brain imaging in normal aging. Psychol Aging 2009, 24:338-348.
29. Charlton R.A., Landau S., Schiavone F., Barrick T.R., Clark C.A., Markus H.S., Morris R.G. Up the Garden Path: a critique of Penke and Deary (in press) and further exploration concerning the Charlton e al. (2008) path analysis relating loss of white matter integrity to cognition in normal aging. Neurobiol Aging 2010, 31:1661-1666.
30. Charlton R.A., Barrick T.R., McIntyre D.J., Shen Y., O'Sullivan M., Howe F.A., Clark C.A., Morris R.G., Markus H.S. White matter damage on diffusion tensor imaging correlates with age-related cognitive decline. Neurology 2006, 66:217-222.
31. Chen N.K., Chou Y.H., Song A.W., Madden D.J. Measurement of spontaneous signal fluctuations in fMRI: adult age differences in intrinsic functional connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2009, 213:571-585.
32. Coxon J.P., Van Impe A., Wenderoth N., Swinnen S.P. Aging and inhibitory control of action: cortico-subthalamic connection strength predicts stopping performance. J Neurosci 2012, 32:8401-8412.
33. The handbook of aging and cognition 2008, Psychology Press, New York. 3rd ed. F.I.M. Craik, T.A. Salthouse (Eds.).
34. Davis S.W., Kragel J.E., Madden D.J., Cabeza R. The architecture of cross-hemispheric communication in the aging brain: linking behavior to functional and structural connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2012, 22:232-242.
35. Davis S.W., Dennis N.A., Buchler N.G., White L.E., Madden D.J., Cabeza R. Assessing the effects of age on long white matter tracts using diffusion tensor tractography. Neuroimage 2009, 46:530-541.
36. de Leeuw F.E., de Groot J.C., Achten E., Oudkerk M., Ramos L.M., Heijboer R., Hofman A., Jolles J., van Gijn J., Breteler M.M. Prevalence of cerebral white matter lesions in elderly people: a population based magnetic resonance imaging study. The Rotterdam Scan Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001, 70:9-14.
37. Dennis N.A., Cabeza R. Neuroimaging of healthy cognitive aging. The handbook of aging and cognition 2008, 1-54. Psychology Press, New York. 3rd ed. F.I.M. Craik, T.A. Salthouse (Eds.).
38. Douaud G., Jbabdi S., Behrens T.E., Menke R.A., Gass A., Monsch A.U., Rao A., Whitcher B., Kindlmann G., Matthews P.M., Smith S. DTI measures in crossing-fibre areas: increased diffusion anisotropy reveals early white matter alteration in MCI and mild Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2011, 55:880-890.
39. Engvig A., Fjell A.M., Westlye L.T., Moberget T., Sundseth O., Larsen V.A., Walhovd K.B. Effects of memory training on cortical thickness in the elderly. Neuroimage 2010, 52:1667-1676.
40. Ennis D.B., Kindlmann G. Orthogonal tensor invariants and the analysis of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images. Magn Reson Med 2006, 55:136-146.
41. Faust M.E., Balota D.A., Spieler D.H., Ferraro F.R. Individual differences in information-processing rate and amount: implications for group differences in response latency. Psychol Bull 1999, 125:777-799.
42. Filley C.M. White matter and behavioral neurology. Ann NY Acad Sci 2005, 1064:162-183.
43. Fjell A.M., Walhovd K.B. Structural brain changes in aging: courses, causes and cognitive consequences. Rev Neurosci 2010, 21:187-221.
44. Forstmann B.U., Tittgemeyer M., Wagenmakers E.J., Derrfuss J., Imperati D., Brown S. The speed-accuracy tradeoff in the elderly brain: a structural model-based approach. J Neurosci 2011, 31:17242-17249.
45. Fox M.D., Raichle M.E. Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Rev Neurosci 2007, 8:700-711.
46. Gawne-Cain M.L., Silver N.C., Moseley I.F., Miller D.H. Fast FLAIR of the brain: the range of appearances in normal subjects and its application to quantification of white-matter disease. Neuroradiology 1997, 39:243-249.
47. Geschwind N. Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. I. Brain 1965, 88:237-294.
48. Geschwind N. Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. II. Brain 1965, 88:585-644.
49. Gold B.T., Powell D.K., Xuan L., Jicha G.A., Smith C.D. Age-related slowing of task switching is associated with decreased integrity of frontoparietal white matter. Neurobiol Aging 2010, 31:512-522.
50. Gouttard S., Prastawa M., Bullitt E., Lin W., Goodlett C., Gerig G. Constrained data decomposition and regression for analyzing healthy aging from fiber tract diffusion properties. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 2009, 12:321-328.
51. Grady C.L. Cognitive neuroscience of aging. Ann NY Acad Sci 2008, 1124:127-144.
52. Haasz J., Westlye E.T., Fjaer S., Espeseth T., Lundervold A., Lundervold A.J. General fluid-type intelligence is related to indices of white matter structure in middle-aged and old adults. Neuroimage 2013, 83C:372-383.
53. Hayes A.F. Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Commun Monogr 2009, 76:408-420.
54. He J., Wong V.S., Fletcher E., Maillard P., Lee D.Y., Iosif A.M., Singh B., Martinez O., Roach A.E., Lockhart S.N., Beckett L., Mungas D., Farias S.T., Carmichael O., DeCarli C. The contributions of MRI-based measures of gray matter, white matter hyperintensity, and white matter integrity to late-life cognition. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012, 33:1797-1803.
55. Honey C.J., Sporns O., Cammoun L., Gigandet X., Thiran J.P., Meuli R., Hagmann P. Predicting human resting-state functional connectivity from structural connectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:2035-2040.
56. Jacobs H.I., Leritz E.C., Williams V.J., Van Boxtel M.P., van der Elst W., Jolles J., Verhey F.R., McGlinchey R.E., Milberg W.P., Salat D.H. Association between white matter microstructure, executive functions, and processing speed in older adults: the impact of vascular health. Hum Brain Mapp 2013, 34:77-95.
57. Diffusion MRI: from quantitative measurement to in vivo neuroanatomy 2009, Academic Press, London. H. Johansen-Berg, T.E. Behrens (Eds.).
58. Johnson MA, Diaz MT, Madden DJ (2013) Global versus tract-specific components of cerebral white matter integrity: relation to adult age and perceptual speed (submitted for publication).
59. Jones D.K. Studying connections in the living human brain with diffusion MRI. Cortex 2008, 44:936-952.
60. Jones D.K., Knosche T.R., Turner R. White matter integrity, fiber count, and other fallacies: the do's and don'ts of diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2013, 73:239-254.
61. Koenig K.A., Sakaie K.E., Lowe M.J., Lin J., Stone L., Bermel R.A., Beall E.B., Rao S.M., Trapp B.D., Phillips M.D. High spatial and angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging reveals forniceal damage related to memory impairment. Magn Reson Imaging 2013, 31:695-699.
62. Kramer A.F., Erickson K.I. Capitalizing on cortical plasticity: influence of physical activity on cognition and brain function. Trends Cogn Sci 2007, 11:342-348.
63. Le Bihan D. Looking in the functional architecture of the brain with diffusion MRI. Nat Rev Neurosci 2003, 4:469-480.
64. Li Y.O., Yang F.G., Nguyen C.T., Cooper S.R., LaHue S.C., Venugopal S., Mukherjee P. Independent component analysis of DTI reveals multivariate microstructural correlations of white matter in the human brain. Hum Brain Mapp 2012, 33:1431-1451.
65. Lockhart S.N., Mayda A.B., Roach A.E., Fletcher E., Carmichael O., Maillard P., Schwarz C.G., Yonelinas A.P., Ranganath C., Decarli C. Episodic memory function is associated with multiple measures of white matter integrity in cognitive aging. Front Hum Neurosci 2012, 6:56.
66. Lovden M., Laukka E.J., Rieckmann A., Kalpouzos G., Li T.Q., Jonsson T., Wahlund L.O., Fratiglioni L., Backman L. The dimensionality of between-person differences in white matter microstructure in old age. Hum Brain Mapp 2013, 34:1386-1398.
67. Lustig C., Shah P., Seidler R., Reuter-Lorenz P.A. Aging, training, and the brain: a review and future directions. Neuropsychol Rev 2009, 19:504-522.
68. Mackey A.P., Whitaker K.J., Bunge S.A. Experience-dependent plasticity in white matter microstructure: reasoning training alters structural connectivity. Front Neuroanat 2012, 6. 10.3389/fnana.2012.00032.
69. Madden D.J. Speed and timing of behavioral processes. Handbook of the psychology of aging 2001, 288-312. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 5th ed. J.E. Birren, K.W. Schaie (Eds.).
70. Madden D.J., Bennett I.J., Song A.W. Cerebral white matter integrity and cognitive aging: contributions from diffusion tensor imaging. Neuropsychol Rev 2009, 19:415-435.
71. Madden D.J., Whiting W.L., Huettel S.A., White L.E., MacFall J.R., Provenzale J.M. Diffusion tensor imaging of adult age differences in cerebral white matter: relation to response time. Neuroimage 2004, 21:1174-1181.
72. Madden D.J., Bennett I.J., Burzynska A., Potter G.G., Chen N.K., Song A.W. Diffusion tensor imaging of cerebral white matter integrity in cognitive aging. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012, 1822:386-400.
73. Madden D.J., Spaniol J., Whiting W.L., Bucur B., Provenzale J.M., Cabeza R., White L.E., Huettel S.A. Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of visual attention: a combined fMRI and DTI study. Neurobiol Aging 2007, 28:459-476.
74. Madden D.J., Costello M.C., Dennis N.A., Davis S.W., Shepler A.M., Spaniol J., Bucur B., Cabeza R. Adult age differences in functional connectivity during executive control. Neuroimage 2010, 52:643-657.
75. Madden D.J., Spaniol J., Costello M.C., Bucur B., White L.E., Cabeza R., Davis S.W., Dennis N.A., Provenzale J.M., Huettel S.A. Cerebral white matter integrity mediates adult age differences in cognitive performance. J Cogn Neurosci 2009, 21:289-302.
76. Maillard P., Carmichael O., Fletcher E., Reed B., Mungas D., DeCarli C. Coevolution of white matter hyperintensities and cognition in the elderly. Neurology 2012, 79:442-448.
77. Maillard P., Fletcher E., Harvey D., Carmichael O., Reed B., Mungas D., DeCarli C. White matter hyperintensity penumbra. Stroke 2011, 42:1917-1922.
78. Malloy P., Correia S., Stebbins G., Laidlaw D.H. Neuroimaging of white matter in aging and dementia. Clin Neuropsych 2007, 21:73-109.
79. Marner L., Nyengaard J.R., Tang Y., Pakkenberg B. Marked loss of myelinated nerve fibers in the human brain with age. J Comp Neurol 2003, 462:144-152.
80. McIntosh A.R. Towards a network theory of cognition. Neural Netw 2000, 13:861-870.
81. Meier-Ruge W., Ulrich J., Bruhlmann M., Meier E. Age-related white matter atrophy in the human brain. Ann NY Acad Sci 1992, 673:260-269.
82. Meier I.B., Manly J.J., Provenzano F.A., Louie K.S., Wasserman B.T., Griffith E.Y., Hector J.T., Allocco E., Brickman A.M. White matter predictors of cognitive functioning in older adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2012, 18:414-427.
83. Mesulam M.M. Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory. Ann Neurol 1990, 28:597-613.
84. Metzler-Baddeley C., Jones D.K., Belaroussi B., Aggleton J.P., O'Sullivan M.J. Frontotemporal connections in episodic memory and aging: a diffusion MRI tractography study. J Neurosci 2011, 31:13236-13245.
85. Michielse S., Coupland N., Camicioli R., Carter R., Seres P., Sabino J., Malykhin N. Selective effects of aging on brain white matter microstructure: a diffusion tensor imaging tractography study. Neuroimage 2010, 52:1190-1201.
86. Minati L., Grisoli M., Bruzzone M.G. MR spectroscopy, functional MRI, and diffusion-tensor imaging in the aging brain: a conceptual review. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2007, 20:3-21.
87. Mori S., van Zijl P.C. Fiber tracking: principles and strategies - a technical review. NMR Biomed 2002, 15:468-480.
88. Mungas D., Reed B.R., Farias S.T., Decarli C. Age and education effects on relationships of cognitive test scores with brain structure in demographically diverse older persons. Psychol Aging 2009, 24:116-128.
89. Nagy Z., Alexander D.C., Thomas D.L., Weiskopf N., Sereno M.I. Using high angular resolution diffusion imaging data to discriminate cortical regions. PLoS One 2013, 8:e63842.
90. Nucifora P.G., Verma R., Lee S.K., Melhem E.R. Diffusion-tensor MR imaging and tractography: exploring brain microstructure and connectivity. Radiology 2007, 245:367-384.
91. O'Sullivan M., Jones D.K., Summers P.E., Morris R.G., Williams S.C., Markus H.S. Evidence for cortical "disconnection" as a mechanism of age-related cognitive decline. Neurology 2001, 57:632-638.
92. Pachella R.G. The interpretation of reaction time in information-processing research. Human information processing: tutorials in performance and cognition 1974, 41-82. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. B. Kantowitz (Ed.).
93. Park D.C., Reuter-Lorenz P. The adaptive brain: aging and neurocognitive scaffolding. Annu Rev Psychol 2009, 60:173-196.
94. Parks C.M., Iosif A.-M., Farias S., Reed B., Mungas D., DeCarli C. Executive function mediates effects of white matter hyperintensities on episodic memory. Neuropsychologia 2011, 49:2817-2824.
95. Parks E.L., Madden D.J. Brain connectivity and visual attention. Brain Connect 2013, 3:317-338.
96. Penke L., Munoz Maniega S., Houlihan L.M., Murray C., Gow A.J., Clayden J.D., Bastin M.E., Wardlaw J.M., Deary I.J. White matter integrity in the splenium of the corpus callosum is related to successful cognitive aging and partly mediates the protective effect of an ancestral polymorphism in ADRB2. Behav Genet 2010, 40:146-156.
97. Penke L., Munoz Maniega S., Murray C., Gow A.J., Hernandez M.C., Clayden J.D., Starr J.M., Wardlaw J.M., Bastin M.E., Deary I.J. A general factor of brain white matter integrity predicts information processing speed in healthy older people. J Neurosci 2010, 30:7569-7574.
98. Perry M.E., McDonald C.R., Hagler D.J., Gharapetian L., Kuperman J.M., Koyama A.K., Dale A.M., McEvoy L.K. White matter tracts associated with set-shifting in healthy aging. Neuropsychologia 2009, 47:2835-2842.
99. Peters A. The effects of normal aging on myelin and nerve fibers: a review. J Neurocytol 2002, 31:581-593.
100. Pfefferbaum A., Sullivan E.V., Hedehus M., Lim K.O., Adalsteinsson E., Moseley M. Age-related decline in brain white matter anisotropy measured with spatially corrected echo-planar diffusion tensor imaging. Magn Reson Med 2000, 44:259-268.
101. Pierpaoli C., Basser P.J. Toward a quantitative assessment of diffusion anisotropy. Magn Reson Med 1996, 36:893-906.
102. Pierpaoli C., Jezzard P., Basser P.J., Barnett A., Di Chiro G. Diffusion tensor MR imaging of the human brain. Radiology 1996, 201:637-648.
103. Ramnani N., Behrens T.E., Penny W., Matthews P.M. New approaches for exploring anatomical and functional connectivity in the human brain. Biol Psychiatry 2004, 56:613-619.
104. Raz N., Lindenberger U., Rodrigue K.M., Kennedy K.M., Head D., Williamson A., Dahle C., Gerstorf D., Acker J.D. Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: general trends, individual differences and modifiers. Cereb Cortex 2005, 15:1676-1689.
105. Salami A., Eriksson J., Nilsson L.G., Nyberg L. Age-related white matter microstructural differences partly mediate age-related decline in processing speed but not cognition. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012, 1822:408-415.
106. Salat D.H. The declining infrastructure of the aging brain. Brain Connect 2011, 1:279-293.
107. Salat D.H., Tuch D.S., Greve D.N., van der Kouwe A.J., Hevelone N.D., Zaleta A.K., Rosen B.R., Fischl B., Corkin S., Rosas H.D., Dale A.M. Age-related alterations in white matter microstructure measured by diffusion tensor imaging. Neurobiol Aging 2005, 26:1215-1227.
108. Salthouse T.A. Speed of behavior and its implications for cognition. Handbook of the psychology of aging 1985, 400-426. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 2nd ed. J.E. Birren, K.W. Schaie (Eds.).
109. Salthouse T.A. Mechanisms of age-cognition relations in adulthood 1992, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
110. Salthouse T.A. The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychol Rev 1996, 103:403-428.
111. Salthouse T.A. Mental exercise and mental aging: evaluating the validity of the "Use It or Lose It" hypothesis. Perspect Psychol Sci 2006, 1:68-87.
112. Salthouse T.A. Neuroanatomical substrates of age-related cognitive decline. Psychol Bull 2011, 137:753-784.
113. Salthouse T.A., Madden D.J. Information processing speed and aging. Information processing speed in clinical populations 2007, 221-241. Psychology Press, New York. J. Deluca, J. Kalmar (Eds.).
114. Samanez-Larkin G.R., Levens S.M., Perry L.M., Dougherty R.F., Knutson B. Frontostriatal white matter integrity mediates adult age differences in probabilistic reward learning. J Neurosci 2012, 32:5333-5337.
115. Sasson E., Doniger G.M., Pasternak O., Tarrasch R., Assaf Y. Structural correlates of cognitive domains in normal aging with diffusion tensor imaging. Brain Struct Funct 2012, 217:503-515.
116. Sasson E., Doniger G.M., Pasternak O., Tarrasch R., Assaf Y. White matter correlates of cognitive domains in normal aging with diffusion tensor imaging. Front Neurosci 2013, 7:32.
117. Schiavone F., Charlton R.A., Barrick T.R., Morris R.G., Markus H.S. Imaging age-related cognitive decline: a comparison of diffusion tensor and magnetization transfer MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009, 29:23-30.
118. Schneider B.A., Pichora-Fuller M.K. Implication of perceptual deterioration for cognitive aging research. The handbook of aging and cognition 2000, 155-219. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. 2nd ed. F.I.M. Craik, T.A. Salthouse (Eds.).
119. Schulze E.T., Geary E.K., Susmaras T.M., Paliga J.T., Maki P.M., Little D.M. Anatomical correlates of age-related working memory declines. J Aging Res 2011, 2011:606871.
120. Sexton C.E., Mackay C.E., Lonie J.A., Bastin M.E., Terriere E., O'Carroll R.E., Ebmeier K.P. MRI correlates of episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy aging. Psychiatry Res 2010, 184:57-62.
121. Smith E.E., Salat D.H., Jeng J., McCreary C.R., Fischl B., Schmahmann J.D., Dickerson B.C., Viswanathan A., Albert M.S., Blacker D., Greenberg S.M. Correlations between MRI white matter lesion location and executive function and episodic memory. Neurology 2011, 76:1492-1499.
122. Smith S.M., Jenkinson M., Johansen-Berg H., Rueckert D., Nichols T.E., Mackay C.E., Watkins K.E., Ciccarelli O., Cader M.Z., Matthews P.M., Behrens T.E. Tract-based spatial statistics: voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. Neuroimage 2006, 31:1487-1505.
123. Song S.K., Sun S.W., Ju W.K., Lin S.J., Cross A.H., Neufeld A.H. Diffusion tensor imaging detects and differentiates axon and myelin degeneration in mouse optic nerve after retinal ischemia. Neuroimage 2003, 20:1714-1722.
124. Song S.K., Yoshino J., Le T.Q., Lin S.J., Sun S.W., Cross A.H., Armstrong R.C. Demyelination increases radial diffusivity in corpus callosum of mouse brain. Neuroimage 2005, 26:132-140.
125. Stadlbauer A., Salomonowitz E., Strunk G., Hammen T., Ganslandt O. Quantitative diffusion tensor fiber tracking of age-related changes in the limbic system. Eur Radiol 2008, 18:130-137.
126. Stamatakis E.A., Shafto M.A., Williams G., Tam P., Tyler L.K. White matter changes and word finding failures with increasing age. PLoS One 2011, 6:e14496.
127. Sullivan E.V., Pfefferbaum A. Diffusion tensor imaging in normal aging and neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur J Radiol 2003, 45:244-255.
128. Sullivan E.V., Pfefferbaum A. Diffusion tensor imaging and aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006, 30:749-761.
129. Sullivan E.V., Pfefferbaum A. Neuroradiological characterization of normal adult ageing. Br J Radiol 2007, 80(Spec No. 2):S99-S108.
130. Sullivan E.V., Rohlfing T., Pfefferbaum A. Quantitative fiber tracking of lateral and interhemispheric white matter systems in normal aging: relations to timed performance. Neurobiol Aging 2010, 31:464-481.
131. Sullivan E.V., Zahr N.M., Rohlfing T., Pfefferbaum A. Fiber tracking functionally distinct components of the internal capsule. Neuropsychologia 2010, 48:4155-4163.
132. Sullivan E.V., Adalsteinsson E., Hedehus M., Ju C., Moseley M., Lim K.O., Pfefferbaum A. Equivalent disruption of regional white matter microstructure in ageing healthy men and women. Neuroreport 2001, 12:99-104.
133. Sun S.W., Liang H.F., Cross A.H., Song S.K. Evolving Wallerian degeneration after transient retinal ischemia in mice characterized by diffusion tensor imaging. Neuroimage 2008, 40:1-10.
134. Sun S.W., Liang H.F., Le T.Q., Armstrong R.C., Cross A.H., Song S.K. Differential sensitivity of in vivo and ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging to evolving optic nerve injury in mice with retinal ischemia. Neuroimage 2006, 32:1195-1204.
135. Tamnes C.K., Fjell A.M., Østby Y., Westlye L.T., Due-Tønnessen P., Bjørnerud A., Walhovd K.B. The brain dynamics of intellectual development: waxing and waning white and gray matter. Neuropsychologia 2011, 49:3605-3611.
136. Tang Y., Nyengaard J.R., Pakkenberg B., Gundersen H.J. Age-induced white matter changes in the human brain: a stereological investigation. Neurobiol Aging 1997, 18:609-615.
137. Teipel S.J., Bokde A.L., Meindl T., Amaro E., Soldner J., Reiser M.F., Herpertz S.C., Moller H.J., Hampel H. White matter microstructure underlying default mode network connectivity in the human brain. Neuroimage 2010, 49:2021-2032.
138. Tuch D.S., Reese T.G., Wiegell M.R., Van J.W. Diffusion MRI of complex neural architecture. Neuron 2003, 40:885-895.
139. Valdes Hernandez M.D., Booth T., Murray C., Gow A.J., Penke L., Morris Z., Maniega S.M., Royle N.A., Aribisala B.S., Bastin M.E., Starr J.M., Deary I.J., Wardlaw J.M. Brain white matter damage in aging and cognitive ability in youth and older age. Neurobiol Aging 2013, [Epub ahead of print].
140. Van Impe A., Coxon J.P., Goble D.J., Doumas M., Swinnen S.P. White matter fractional anisotropy predicts balance performance in older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2012, 33:1900-1912.
141. Vernooij M.W., de Groot M., van der Lugt A., Ikram M.A., Krestin G.P., Hofman A., Niessen W.J., Breteler M.M. White matter atrophy and lesion formation explain the loss of structural integrity of white matter in aging. Neuroimage 2008, 43:470-477.
142. Vernooij M.W., Ikram M.A., Vrooman H.A., Wielopolski P.A., Krestin G.P., Hofman A., Niessen W.J., Van der Lugt A., Breteler M.M. White matter microstructural integrity and cognitive function in a general elderly population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009, 66:545-553.
143. Wakana S., Jiang H., Nagae-Poetscher L.M., van Zijl P.C., Mori S. Fiber tract-based atlas of human white matter anatomy. Radiology 2004, 230:77-87.
144. Westlye L.T., Walhovd K.B., Dale A.M., Bjornerud A., Due-Tonnessen P., Engvig A., Grydeland H., Tamnes C.K., Ostby Y., Fjell A.M. Life-span changes of the human brain white matter: diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and volumetry. Cereb Cortex 2010, 20:2055-2068.
145. Wheeler-Kingshott C.A., Cercignani M. About "axial" and "radial" diffusivities. Magn Reson Med 2009, 61:1255-1260.
146. Wozniak J.R., Lim K.O. Advances in white matter imaging: a review of in vivo magnetic resonance methodologies and their applicability to the study of development and aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006, 30:762-774.
147. Yassa M.A., Muftuler L.T., Stark C.E. Ultrahigh-resolution microstructural diffusion tensor imaging reveals perforant path degradation in aged humans in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010, 107:12687-12691.
148. Yeo B.T., Krienen F.M., Sepulcre J., Sabuncu M.R., Lashkari D., Hollinshead M., Roffman J.L., Smoller J.W., Zollei L., Polimeni J.R., Fischl B., Liu H., Buckner R.L. The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol 2011, 106:1125-1165.
149. Young V.G., Halliday G.M., Kril J.J. Neuropathologic correlates of white matter hyperintensities. Neurology 2008, 71:804-811.
150. Ystad M., Hodneland E., Adolfsdottir S., Haasz J., Lundervold A.J., Eichele T., Lundervold A. Cortico-striatal connectivity and cognition in normal aging: a combined DTI and resting state fMRI study. Neuroimage 2011, 55:24-31.
151. Zahr N.M., Rohlfing T., Pfefferbaum A., Sullivan E.V. Problem solving, working memory, and motor correlates of association and commissural fiber bundles in normal aging: a quantitative fiber tracking study. Neuroimage 2009, 44:1050-1062.
152. Zhan L., Jahanshad N., Ennis D.B., Jin Y., Bernstein M.A., Borowski B.J., Jack C.R., Toga A.W., Leow A.D., Thompson P.M. Angular versus spatial resolution trade-offs for diffusion imaging under time constraints. Hum Brain Mapp 2013, 34:2688-2706.
153. Zhang Y., Du A.T., Hayasaka S., Jahng G.H., Hlavin J., Zhan W., Weiner M.W., Schuff N. Patterns of age-related water diffusion changes in human brain by concordance and discordance analysis. Neurobiol Aging 2010, 31:1991-2001.
154. Zhu Z., Johnson N.F., Kim C., Gold B.T. Reduced frontal cortex efficiency is associated with lower white matter integrity in aging. Cereb Cortex 2013, [Epub ahead of print].