메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-244

Elite dualism and leadership selection in China

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84906624235     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203300039     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (51)

References (400)
  • 1
    • 10844291482 scopus 로고
    • ed. New York, Penguin Books
    • Ali , Tariq (ed.). 1984. The Stalinist Legacy. New York: Penguin Books.
    • (1984) The Stalinist Legacy
    • Ali, T.1
  • 2
    • 0002184833 scopus 로고
    • Firms, Occupations, and the Structure of Labor Markets: A Conceptual Analysis
    • and in Ivar Berg ed., New York, Academic Press
    • Althauser , Robert P. , and Kalleberg , Arne L. 1981. "Firms, Occupations, and the Structure of Labor Markets: A Conceptual Analysis," pp. 119-149 in Ivar Berg (ed.), Sociological Perspectives on Labor Market.New York: Academic Press, 1981.
    • (1981) Sociological Perspectives on Labor Market , pp. 119-149
    • Althauser, R.P.1    Kalleberg, A.L.2
  • 3
    • 84925885806 scopus 로고
    • College Effects on Educational and Occupational Attainments
    • Alwin , Duane F. 1974. "College Effects on Educational and Occupational Attainments," American Sociological Review 39/2: pp. 210-223.
    • (1974) American Sociological Review , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 210-223
    • Alwin, D.F.1
  • 6
    • 84906595688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elite Conceptions of Russia's Present and Future
    • in John Higley , Jan Pakulski , and Wlodzimierz Wesolowski (eds)London, Macmillan Press
    • Babayeva , Liliya V. 1998. "Elite Conceptions of Russia's Present and Future," pp. 97-106 in John Higley , Jan Pakulski , and Wlodzimierz Wesolowski (eds), Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe. London: Macmillan Press.
    • (1998) Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe , pp. 97-106
    • Babayeva, L.V.1
  • 8
    • 84968157896 scopus 로고
    • The Limits on Leadership in China
    • Bachman , David. 1992. "The Limits on Leadership in China," Asian Survey 32/11: pp. 1046-1062 .
    • (1992) Asian Survey , vol.32 , Issue.11 , pp. 1046-1062
    • Bachman, D.1
  • 10
    • 34247984826 scopus 로고
    • Social Stratification and Aspects of Personnel Management in the Chinese Communist Bureaucracy
    • Barnett , A. Doak. (ed.). 1966. "Social Stratification and Aspects of Personnel Management in the Chinese Communist Bureaucracy," The China Quarterly 28: pp. 8-39.
    • (1966) The China Quarterly , vol.28 , pp. 8-39
    • Barnett, A.D.1
  • 13
    • 0034216028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avenues of Attainment: Occupational Demography and Organizational Careers in the California Civil Service
    • Barnett , William P. , and Baron , James N. 2000. "Avenues of Attainment: Occupational Demography and Organizational Careers in the California Civil Service," American Journal of Sociology 106/1: pp. 88-144.
    • (2000) American Journal of Sociology , vol.106 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-144
    • Barnett, W.P.1    Baron, J.N.2
  • 14
    • 84933495170 scopus 로고
    • Standing on the Shoulders of Others: Career Interdependence in Job Mobility
    • Barnett , William P. , and Annes S. Miner , 1992. "Standing on the Shoulders of Others: Career Interdependence in Job Mobility," Administrative Science Quarterly 37/2: pp. 262-281.
    • (1992) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 262-281
    • Barnett, W.P.1    Miner, A.S.2
  • 15
    • 84936628703 scopus 로고
    • The Structure of Opportunity: How Promotion ladders Vary within and among Organizations
    • Baron , James N. , Davis-Blake , Alison and William T. Bielby , 1986. "The Structure of Opportunity: How Promotion ladders Vary within and among Organizations," Administrative Science Quarterly 31/2: pp. 248-273.
    • (1986) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 248-273
    • Baron, J.N.1    Alison, D.-B.2    Bielby, W.T.3
  • 17
    • 0040301381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elites, Institutions, and Political Change in East Central Europe
    • in John Higley , Jan Pakulski , and Wlodzimierz Wesolowski (eds) eds, London, Macmillan Press
    • Baylis , Thomas A. 1998. "Elites, Institutions, and Political Change in East Central Europe," pp. 107-130 in John Higley , Jan Pakulski , and Wlodzimierz Wesolowski (eds), Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe. London: Macmillan Press.
    • (1998) Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe , pp. 107-130
    • Baylis, T.A.1
  • 23
    • 0031429194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bringing Strong Ties Back In
    • Bian , Yanjie. 1997. "Bringing Strong Ties Back In," American Sociological Review 62/3: pp. 366-385.
    • (1997) American Sociological Review , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 366-385
    • Bian, Y.1
  • 24
    • 0030419573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market Transition and the Persistence of Power
    • Bian , Yanjie and John R. Logan , 1996. "Market Transition and the Persistence of Power," American Sociological Review 61/5: pp. 739-758.
    • (1996) American Sociological Review , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 739-758
    • Bian, Y.1    Logan, J.R.2
  • 25
    • 0035529686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communist Party Membership and Regime Dynamics in China
    • Bian , Yanjie , Shu , Xiaoling and John R. Logan , 2001. "Communist Party Membership and Regime Dynamics in China," Social Forces 79/3: pp. 805-841.
    • (2001) Social Forces , vol.79 , Issue.3 , pp. 805-841
    • Bian, Y.1    Xiaoling, S.2    Logan, J.R.3
  • 27
    • 84963486701 scopus 로고
    • Political and Administrative Traditions and the French Senior Civil Service
    • Bodiguel , J-L. 1990. "Political and Administrative Traditions and the French Senior Civil Service," International Journal of Public Administration 13/5: pp. 707-740.
    • (1990) International Journal of Public Administration , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 707-740
    • Bodiguel, J.-L.1
  • 28
    • 84970128962 scopus 로고
    • The Social Background of British MPs
    • Borthwick , George , Ellingworth , Daniel , Bell , Colin and MacKenzie , Donald . 1991. "The Social Background of British MPs," Sociology 25/4: pp. 713-717.
    • (1991) Sociology , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 713-717
    • George, B.1    Daniel, E.2    Colin, B.3    Donald, M.K.4
  • 34
    • 84972993582 scopus 로고
    • Strengthening Central CCP Control of Leadership Selection: the 1990 Nomenklatura
    • Burns , John P. 1994. "Strengthening Central CCP Control of Leadership Selection: the 1990 Nomenklatura," The China Quarterly 138: pp. 458-491.
    • (1994) The China Quarterly , vol.138 , pp. 458-491
    • Burns, J.P.1
  • 36
    • 5844364980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bureaucratic Elites: Some Patterns in Career Paths over Time
    • Carroll , Barbara Wake. 1996. "Bureaucratic Elites: Some Patterns in Career Paths over Time," International Review of Administrative Sciences 62/3: pp. 383-399.
    • (1996) International Review of Administrative Sciences , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-399
    • Carroll, B.W.1
  • 37
    • 84936181340 scopus 로고
    • Job-Shift Patterns in the Federal Republic of Germany
    • Carroll , Glenn R. , and Mayer , Karl Ulrich . 1986. "Job-Shift Patterns in the Federal Republic of Germany," American Sociological Review 51/3: pp. 323-341.
    • (1986) American Sociological Review , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-341
    • Carroll, G.R.1    Karl Ulrich, M.2
  • 38
    • 84906628833 scopus 로고
    • Transition and Consolidation in Urban China: A Study of Leaders and Organizations in Three Cities, 1949-53
    • in Robert A. Scalapino ed. Seattle, University of Washington Press
    • Chamberlain , Heath B. 1972. "Transition and Consolidation in Urban China: A Study of Leaders and Organizations in Three Cities, 1949-53," pp. 245-301 in Robert A. Scalapino (ed.), Elites in the People's Republic of China. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
    • (1972) Elites in the People's Republic of China , pp. 245-301
    • Chamberlain, H.B.1
  • 39
    • 0032445056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership Change in Shanghai
    • Chen , Shi. 1998. "Leadership Change in Shanghai," Asian Survey 38/7: pp. 671-687.
    • (1998) Asian Survey , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 671-687
    • Chen, S.1
  • 41
    • 0042100237 scopus 로고
    • Changing the Context for Policy Implementation: Organizational and Personnel Reform in Post-Mao China
    • in David M. Lampton ed. Berkeley, University of California Press
    • Clarke , Christopher M. 1987. "Changing the Context for Policy Implementation: Organizational and Personnel Reform in Post-Mao China," pp. 25-47 in David M. Lampton (ed.), Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1987) Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China , pp. 25-47
    • Clarke, C.M.1
  • 43
    • 84974183570 scopus 로고
    • Elite Career Patterns in a Soviet Republic
    • Cleary , J. W. 1974. "Elite Career Patterns in a Soviet Republic," British Journal of Political Science 4/3: pp. 323-344.
    • (1974) British Journal of Political Science , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-344
    • Cleary, J.W.1
  • 44
  • 45
    • 84906595053 scopus 로고
    • Introduction
    • in Thmonthy Y. Colton and Robert C. Tucker and eds, Boulder, Westview
    • Colton , Thmonthy Y. (ed). 1995. "Introduction," pp. 1-4 in Thmonthy Y. Colton and Robert C. Tucker (eds) Patterns in Post-Soviet Leadership. Boulder: Westview.
    • (1995) Patterns in Post-Soviet Leadership , pp. 1-4
    • Colton, T.Y.1
  • 49
    • 0004165544 scopus 로고
    • New Haven, Yale University Press
    • Dahl , Robert. 1971. Polyarchy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
    • (1971) Polyarchy
    • Dahl, R.1
  • 50
    • 0001306818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paths of Glory and the Glass Ceiling: Different Patterns of Career Advancement among Women and Minority Federal Employees
    • Daley , Dennis M. 1996. "Paths of Glory and the Glass Ceiling: Different Patterns of Career Advancement among Women and Minority Federal Employees," Public Administration Quarterly 20/2: pp. 143-162.
    • (1996) Public Administration Quarterly , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-162
    • Daley, D.M.1
  • 51
    • 0000454646 scopus 로고
    • Some Principles of Stratification
    • Davis , Kingsley and Wilbert E. Moore , 1945. "Some Principles of Stratification," American Sociological Review 10/2: pp. 242-249.
    • (1945) American Sociological Review , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 242-249
    • Davis, K.1    Moore, W.E.2
  • 53
    • 0342698582 scopus 로고
    • On the Reform of the System of Party and State Leadership
    • in Beijing, Foreign Languages Press
    • Deng , Xiaoping. 1984b. "On the Reform of the System of Party and State Leadership," pp. 302-325 in Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping 1975-1982. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
    • (1984) Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping 1975-1982 , pp. 302-325
    • Deng, X.1
  • 54
    • 0346474614 scopus 로고
    • The Impact of the Cultural Revolution on China's Economic Elite
    • Diao , Richard. 1970. "The Impact of the Cultural Revolution on China's Economic Elite," The China Quarterly 42: pp. 65-87.
    • (1970) The China Quarterly , vol.42 , pp. 65-87
    • Diao, R.1
  • 55
    • 0002351758 scopus 로고
    • Introduction
    • in Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggioand eds, Chicago, University of Chicago Press
    • DiMaggio , Paul J. , and Walter W. Powell , 1991. "Introduction," pp. 1-38 in Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio (eds), The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1991) The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis , pp. 1-38
    • DiMaggio, P.J.1    Powell, W.W.2
  • 56
    • 84928842702 scopus 로고
    • Gender and Promotion in Segmented Job Ladder Systems
    • DiPrete , Thomas A. , and Whitman T. Soule , 1988. "Gender and Promotion in Segmented Job Ladder Systems," American Sociological Review 53/1: pp. 26-40.
    • (1988) American Sociological Review , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-40
    • DiPrete, T.A.1    Soule, W.T.2
  • 58
    • 84972277353 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of Elite Strife and Succession in Chinese Politics
    • Dittmer , Lowell. 1990. "Patterns of Elite Strife and Succession in Chinese Politics," The China Quarterly 123: pp. 405-430.
    • (1990) The China Quarterly , vol.123 , pp. 405-430
    • Dittmer, L.1
  • 59
    • 84976184570 scopus 로고
    • th Congress of the Communist Party of China
    • th Congress of the Communist Party of China," The China Quarterly 93 (1983), pp. 108-124.
    • (1983) The China Quarterly , vol.93 , pp. 108-124
    • Dittmer, L.1
  • 60
    • 0004258838 scopus 로고
    • New York, Frederick A. Praeger.
    • Djilas , Milovan. 1961. The New Class. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
    • (1961) The New Class
    • Djilas, M.1
  • 61
    • 0037798696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elites, Crisis, and Regimes in Comparative Analysis
    • and in Mattei Dogan and John Higley eds, Lanham and Boulder, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
    • Dogan , Mattei and Higley , John . 1998a. "Elites, Crisis, and Regimes in Comparative Analysis," pp. 3-27 in Mattei Dogan and John Higley (eds), Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes. Lanham and Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    • (1998) Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes , pp. 3-27
    • Dogan, M.1    John, H.2    Dogan, M.3    Higley, J.4
  • 63
    • 0003496171 scopus 로고
    • Englewood Cliffs, NJ., Prentice-Hall
    • Domhoff , G. William. 1967. Who Rules America? Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall.
    • (1967) Who Rules America?
    • Domhoff, G.W.1
  • 64
    • 0003496171 scopus 로고
    • Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall
    • Domhoff , G. William. 1968. Who Rules America? Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    • (1968) Who Rules America?
    • Domhoff, G.W.1
  • 69
    • 0032372089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Board Membership of Traditional Male Fraternities and Access to Dutch Elites: A Disappearing Avenue to Elite Positions?
    • Dronkers , Jaap and Seraphine M. Hillege , 1998. "Board Membership of Traditional Male Fraternities and Access to Dutch Elites: A Disappearing Avenue to Elite Positions?", European Sociological Review 14/2: pp. 191-203.
    • (1998) European Sociological Review , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 191-203
    • Dronkers, J.1    Hillege, S.M.2
  • 73
    • 0028802791 scopus 로고
    • An Extension of the Sorensen-Kalleberg Theory of the Labor Market Matching and Attainment Processes
    • Eliason , Scott R. 1995. "An Extension of the Sorensen-Kalleberg Theory of the Labor Market Matching and Attainment Processes," American Sociological Review 60/2: pp. 247-271.
    • (1995) American Sociological Review , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 247-271
    • Eliason, S.R.1
  • 75
    • 0038097620 scopus 로고
    • Dual Leadership in Complex Organizations
    • Etzioni , Amatai. 1965. "Dual Leadership in Complex Organizations," American Sociological Review 30/5: pp. 688-698.
    • (1965) American Sociological Review , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 688-698
    • Etzioni, A.1
  • 78
    • 21844506269 scopus 로고
    • The Social Composition of the Communist Nomenklatura
    • Eyal , Gil and Townsley , Eleanor. 1995. "The Social Composition of the Communist Nomenklatura," Theory and Society 24/5: pp. 723-750.
    • (1995) Theory and Society , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 723-750
    • Eyal, G.1    Townsley, E.2
  • 81
    • 84925930048 scopus 로고
    • Selection by Certification: A Neglected Variable in Stratification Research
    • Faia , Michael A. 1981. "Selection by Certification: A Neglected Variable in Stratification Research," American Sociological Review 86/5: pp. 1093-1111.
    • (1981) American Sociological Review , vol.86 , Issue.5 , pp. 1093-1111
    • Faia, M.A.1
  • 82
    • 0003407361 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, Harvard University Press
    • Fainsod , Merle. 1963. How Russia Is Ruled. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    • (1963) How Russia Is Ruled
    • Fainsod, M.1
  • 83
    • 0011360638 scopus 로고
    • Provincial Leadership in Fukien: 1949-66
    • in Robert A. Scalapino ed, Seattle, University of Washington Press
    • Falkenheim , Victor C. 1972. "Provincial Leadership in Fukien: 1949-66," pp. 199-244 in Robert A. Scalapino (ed.), Elites in the People's Republic of China. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
    • (1972) Elites in the People's Republic of China , pp. 199-244
    • Falkenheim, V.C.1
  • 84
    • 0017457538 scopus 로고
    • Cohort, Age, and Period Effects upon the Employment of White Females
    • Farakas , George. 1977. "Cohort, Age, and Period Effects upon the Employment of White Females," Demography 14/1: pp. 33-42.
    • (1977) Demography , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-42
    • Farakas, G.1
  • 90
    • 84900724472 scopus 로고
    • Stalin and the Making of a New Elite, 1928-1939
    • Fitzpatrick , Sheila. 1979b. "Stalin and the Making of a New Elite, 1928-1939," Slavic Review 38/3: pp. 377-402.
    • (1979) Slavic Review , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 377-402
    • Fitzpatrick, S.1
  • 91
    • 0038488962 scopus 로고
    • Representation of Career Types in the Soviet Political Leadership
    • in R. Barry Fareell ed, Chicago, Aldine.
    • Fleron , Frederick. 1970. "Representation of Career Types in the Soviet Political Leadership," pp. 123-138 in R. Barry Fareell (ed.), Political Leadership in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Chicago: Aldine.
    • (1970) Political Leadership in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union , pp. 123-138
    • Fleron, F.1
  • 93
    • 84906641478 scopus 로고
    • System Attributes and Career Attributes: The Soviet Political System, 1952-1965
    • in Carl Beck, New York, David McKay
    • Fleron , Frederick. 1973. "System Attributes and Career Attributes: The Soviet Political System, 1952-1965," pp. 43-85 in Carl Beck, et al. Comparative Communist Political Leadership. New York: David McKay.
    • (1973) Comparative Communist Political Leadership , pp. 43-85
    • Fleron, F.1
  • 94
    • 84936628618 scopus 로고
    • The Intraorganizational Power Struggle: The Rise of Finance Presidents in Large Firms, 1919-79
    • Fligstein , Neil. 1987. "The Intraorganizational Power Struggle: The Rise of Finance Presidents in Large Firms, 1919-79," American Sociological Review 52/1: pp. 44-58
    • (1987) American Sociological Review , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-58
    • Fligstein, N.1
  • 96
    • 85069601185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mendacity and Veracity in the Recent Chinese Communist Memoir
    • in Timothy Cheek and Tony Saich eds, Armonk, M. E. Sharpe
    • Fogel , Joshua A. 1997. "Mendacity and Veracity in the Recent Chinese Communist Memoir," pp. 354-358 in Timothy Cheek and Tony Saich (eds), New Perspectives on State Socialism in China. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe.
    • (1997) New Perspectives on State Socialism in China , pp. 354-358
    • Fogel, J.A.1
  • 98
    • 84970337745 scopus 로고
    • East European Intellectuals on the Road of Dissent: The Old Prophecy of A New Class Re-Examined
    • Frentzel-Zagorska , Janina and Zagorska , Krzysztof . 1989. "East European Intellectuals on the Road of Dissent: The Old Prophecy of A New Class Re-Examined," Politics and Society 17/1: pp. 67-88.
    • (1989) Politics and Society , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-88
    • Frentzel-Zagorska, J.1    Krzysztof, Z.2
  • 99
    • 0002464333 scopus 로고
    • Bringing Society Back In: Symbols, Practices, and Institutional Contradictions
    • and in Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio eds, Chicago, the University of Chicago Press
    • Friedland , Roger and Robert R. Alford , 1991. "Bringing Society Back In: Symbols, Practices, and Institutional Contradictions," pp. 232-263 in Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio (eds), The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press.
    • (1991) The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis , pp. 232-263
    • Friedland, R.1    Alford, R.R.2
  • 100
    • 34247973253 scopus 로고
    • Soviet Urban Political Leaders
    • Frolic , B. Michale. 1970. "Soviet Urban Political Leaders," Comparative Political Studies 2/4: pp. 443-464.
    • (1970) Comparative Political Studies , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 443-464
    • Frolic, B.M.1
  • 102
    • 85129776106 scopus 로고
    • The Soviet Apparatchiki
    • in Robert Barry Farrell ed. Chicago, Aldine Publishing Co.
    • Gehlen , Michael. 1970. "The Soviet Apparatchiki," pp. 140-154 in Robert Barry Farrell (ed.) Political Leadership in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co.
    • (1970) Political Leadership in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union , pp. 140-154
    • Gehlen, M.1
  • 107
    • 84940518142 scopus 로고
    • Trends in the Study of Political Elites and Institutions in the PRC
    • Goldstein , Avery. 1994. "Trends in the Study of Political Elites and Institutions in the PRC," The China Quarterly 139: pp. 714-730.
    • (1994) The China Quarterly , vol.139 , pp. 714-730
    • Goldstein, A.1
  • 108
    • 85168630649 scopus 로고
    • The Provincial Revolutionary Committee in the People's Republic of China, 1967-1979: An Obituary
    • Goodman , David S. G. 1981. "The Provincial Revolutionary Committee in the People's Republic of China, 1967-1979: An Obituary," The China Quarterly 85: pp. 49-79.
    • (1981) The China Quarterly , vol.85 , pp. 49-79
    • Goodman, D.S.G.1
  • 112
    • 84925932003 scopus 로고
    • History and Career in a Bureaucratic Labor Market
    • Grandjean , Burke D. 1981. "History and Career in a Bureaucratic Labor Market," American Journal of Sociology 86/6: pp. 1057-1092.
    • (1981) American Journal of Sociology , vol.86 , Issue.6 , pp. 1057-1092
    • Grandjean, B.D.1
  • 113
    • 0002772570 scopus 로고
    • Toward a Sociological Theory of Income Differences
    • in Ivar Berg, New York, Academic Press
    • Granovetter , Mark. 1981. "Toward a Sociological Theory of Income Differences," pp. 11-47 in Ivar Berg , Sociological Perspectives on Labor Market. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1981) Sociological Perspectives on Labor Market , pp. 11-47
    • Granovetter, M.1
  • 114
    • 0002359646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural Beliefs and the Organization of Society: A Historical and Theoretical Reflection on Collectivist and Individualist Societies
    • in Mary C. Brinton and Victor Nee eds, New York, Russell Sage Foundation
    • Greif , Avner. 1998. "Cultural Beliefs and the Organization of Society: A Historical and Theoretical Reflection on Collectivist and Individualist Societies," pp. 77-104 in Mary C. Brinton and Victor Nee (eds), The New Institutionalism in Sociology. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (1998) The New Institutionalism in Sociology , pp. 77-104
    • Greif, A.1    Brinton, M.C.2    Nee, V.3
  • 117
    • 0009978678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political Science and the Three New Institutionalism
    • Hall , Peter A. , and Rosemary C. R. Taylor , 1996. "Political Science and the Three New Institutionalism," Political Studies 44/5: pp. 936-957.
    • (1996) Political Studies , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 936-957
    • Hall, P.A.1    Taylor, R.C.R.2
  • 118
    • 85199054421 scopus 로고
    • The Party Leadership System
    • in Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton eds, Berkeley, University of California Press
    • Hamrin , Carol Lee. 1992. "The Party Leadership System," pp. 95-124 in Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton (eds), Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1992) Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China , pp. 95-124
    • Hamrin, C.L.1
  • 119
    • 85199115475 scopus 로고
    • Information Flows and Policy Coordination in the Chinese Bureaucracy
    • in Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton eds, Berkeley, University of California Press
    • Halpern , Nina P. 1992. "Information Flows and Policy Coordination in the Chinese Bureaucracy," pp. 125-148 in Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton (eds), Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1992) Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China , pp. 125-148
    • Halpern, N.P.1
  • 120
    • 21844517301 scopus 로고
    • Russia-Old Wine in a New Bottle? The Circulation and Reproduction of Russian Elites, 1983-1993
    • Hanley , Eric , Yershova , Natasha and Anderson , Richard . 1995. "Russia-Old Wine in a New Bottle? The Circulation and Reproduction of Russian Elites, 1983-1993," Theory and Society 24/5: pp. 639-668.
    • (1995) Theory and Society , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 639-668
    • Hanley, E.1    Natasha, Y.2    Richard, A.3
  • 121
    • 84974173037 scopus 로고
    • Nomenklatura: The Soviet Communist Party's Leadership Recruitment System
    • Harasymiw , Bohdan. 1969. "Nomenklatura: The Soviet Communist Party's Leadership Recruitment System," Canadian Journal of Political Science 20/4: pp. 493-512.
    • (1969) Canadian Journal of Political Science , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 493-512
    • Harasymiw, B.1
  • 122
    • 0039212298 scopus 로고
    • Mosca and Moscow: Elite Recruitment in the Soviet Union
    • in Moshe M. Czudnowski ed. Dekalb, IL., Northern Illinois University Press
    • Harasymiw , Bohdan. 1982. "Mosca and Moscow: Elite Recruitment in the Soviet Union," pp. 265-292 in Moshe M. Czudnowski (ed.), Does Who Governs Matter? Elite Circulation in Contemporary Societies. Dekalb, IL.: Northern Illinois University Press.
    • (1982) Does Who Governs Matter? Elite Circulation in Contemporary Societies , pp. 265-292
    • Harasymiw, B.1
  • 126
  • 127
    • 85069584584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newly Available Sources on CCP History from the People's Republic of China
    • in Timothy Cheek and Tony Saich eds, Armonk, M. E. Sharpe.
    • Hearst , Nancy and Saich , Tony . 1997. "Newly Available Sources on CCP History from the People's Republic of China," pp. 323-338 in Timothy Cheek and Tony Saich (eds), New Perspectives on State Socialism in China. Armonk:M. E. Sharpe.
    • (1997) New Perspectives on State Socialism in China , pp. 323-338
    • Hearst, N.1    Tony, S.2
  • 128
    • 84880948762 scopus 로고
    • Introduction
    • and in Rosanna Hertz and Jonathan B. Imber eds, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications
    • Hertz , Rosanna and Jonathan B. Imber , 1995. "Introduction," pp. vii-xi in Rosanna Hertz and Jonathan B. Imber (eds), Studying Elites Using Qualitative Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    • (1995) Studying Elites Using Qualitative Methods , pp. 7-11
    • Hertz, R.1    Imber, J.B.2
  • 129
    • 0002922568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Elite Change and Democratic Regimes in East Europe
    • in John Higley , Jan Pakulski , and Wlodzimierz Wesolowski and eds, London, Macmillan Press
    • Higley , John , Pakulski , Jan and Wesolowski , Wlodzimierz . 1998. "Introduction: Elite Change and Democratic Regimes in East Europe," pp. 1-33 in John Higley , Jan Pakulski , and Wlodzimierz Wesolowski (eds), Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe.London: Macmillan Press.
    • (1998) Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe , pp. 1-33
    • Higley, J.1    Jan, P.2    Wlodzimierz, W.3
  • 130
    • 84935837942 scopus 로고
    • Technology, Political Structure and Social Regulation: A Cross-National Analysis
    • Hoberg , George. 1986. "Technology, Political Structure and Social Regulation: A Cross-National Analysis," Comparative Politics 18/3: pp. 357-376.
    • (1986) Comparative Politics , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 357-376
    • Hoberg, G.1
  • 131
    • 84856939357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elite Transformation and Democratic Consolidation in Germany after 1945 and 1989
    • in John Higley , Jan Pakulski , and Wlodzimierz Wesolowski eds, London, Macmillan Press
    • Hoffmann-Lange , Ursula. 1998. "Elite Transformation and Democratic Consolidation in Germany after 1945 and 1989," pp. 141-162 in John Higley , Jan Pakulski , and Wlodzimierz Wesolowski (eds) Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe. London: Macmillan Press.
    • (1998) Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe , pp. 141-162
    • Hoffmann-Lange, U.1
  • 132
    • 25444441091 scopus 로고
    • The Selection of Parliamentary Candidates
    • Holland , Martin. 1987. "The Selection of Parliamentary Candidates," Parliamentary Affairs 34/2: pp. 28-46.
    • (1987) Parliamentary Affairs , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 28-46
    • Holland, M.1
  • 133
    • 0346474664 scopus 로고
    • The Soviet System: Petrification or Pluralism?
    • Hough , Jerry F. 1972. "The Soviet System: Petrification or Pluralism?", Problems of Communism 21/2: pp. 25-45.
    • (1972) Problems of Communism , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 25-45
    • Hough, J.F.1
  • 137
    • 0343773249 scopus 로고
    • The Eight Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
    • Houn , Franklin W. 1957. "The Eight Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party," The American Political Science Review 51/2: pp. 392-404.
    • (1957) The American Political Science Review , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 392-404
    • Houn, F.W.1
  • 138
    • 84936823906 scopus 로고
    • Status, Autonomy, and Training in Occupational Mobility
    • Hout , Michael. 1984. "Status, Autonomy, and Training in Occupational Mobility," American Journal of Sociology 89/6: pp. 1379-1409.
    • (1984) American Journal of Sociology , vol.89 , Issue.6 , pp. 1379-1409
    • Hout, M.1
  • 142
    • 84919000300 scopus 로고
    • Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press
    • Hunter , Floyd. 1959. Top Leadership, U.S.A. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
    • (1959) Top Leadership, U.S.A
    • Hunter, F.1
  • 143
    • 0039818038 scopus 로고
    • Social and Institutional Dynamics of One-Party Systems
    • in Samuel P. Huntington and Clement H. Moore eds, New York and London, Basic Books
    • Huntington , Samuel P. 1970. "Social and Institutional Dynamics of One-Party Systems," pp. 3-47 in Samuel P. Huntington and Clement H. Moore (eds), Authoritarian Politics in Modern Society: The Dynamics of Established One-Party Systems. New York and London: Basic Books.
    • (1970) Authoritarian Politics in Modern Society: The Dynamics of Established One-Party Systems , pp. 3-47
    • Huntington, S.P.1
  • 144
    • 0032221712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Theoretic Core of the New Institutionalism
    • Immergut , Ellen M. 1998. "The Theoretic Core of the New Institutionalism," Politics & Society 26/1: pp. 5-34.
    • (1998) Politics & Society , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-34
    • Immergut, E.M.1
  • 145
    • 0001506974 scopus 로고
    • Social Stratification and Mobility in the Soviet Union
    • Inkeles , Alex. 1950. "Social Stratification and Mobility in the Soviet Union," American Sociological Review 15/4: pp. 465-479.
    • (1950) American Sociological Review , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 465-479
    • Inkeles, A.1
  • 146
    • 0001133927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational Credentials and Promotion Chances in Japanese and American Organizations
    • Ishida , Hiroshi , Spilerman , Seymour and Su , Kuo-Hsien . 1997. "Educational Credentials and Promotion Chances in Japanese and American Organizations," American Sociological Review 62/6: pp. 866-882.
    • (1997) American Sociological Review , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 866-882
    • Ishida, H.1    Seymour, S.2    Kuo-Hsien, S.3
  • 149
    • 84919041804 scopus 로고
    • The Changing Nature and Locus of Authority in Communist China
    • in John M. H. Lindbeck ed, Seattle, University of Washington Press
    • Johnson , Chalmers. 1971. "The Changing Nature and Locus of Authority in Communist China," pp. 34-76 in John M. H. Lindbeck (ed.), China: Management of A Revolutionary Society. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
    • (1971) China: Management of A Revolutionary Society , pp. 34-76
    • Johnson, C.1    Lindbeck, J.M.H.2
  • 150
    • 84929144419 scopus 로고
    • Friendship among the French Financial Elite
    • Kadushin , Charles. 1995. "Friendship among the French Financial Elite," American Sociological Review 60/2: pp. 802-821.
    • (1995) American Sociological Review , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 802-821
    • Kadushin, C.1
  • 151
    • 12444337364 scopus 로고
    • Strategies of Post-Communist Transformations: Elites as Institution Builders
    • in Bruno Grancelli ed, Berlin and New York, Walter de Gruyter
    • Kaminski , Antoniz , and Kurzewska , Joanna . 1995. "Strategies of Post-Communist Transformations: Elites as Institution Builders," pp. 131-152 in Bruno Grancelli (ed.), Social Change and Modernization: Lesson from Eastern Europe. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
    • (1995) Social Change and Modernization: Lesson from Eastern Europe , pp. 131-152
    • Kaminski, A.1    Joanna, K.2
  • 153
    • 0000338128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a Theory of Intellectuals and Politics
    • Karabel , Jerome. 1996. "Toward a Theory of Intellectuals and Politics," Theory and Society 25/2: pp. 205-233.
    • (1996) Theory and Society , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-233
    • Karabel, J.1
  • 154
    • 0042100225 scopus 로고
    • The Urban Bureaucratic Elite in Communist China: A Case Study of Wuhan, 1949-65
    • in A. Doak Barnett ed, Seattle, University of Washington Press
    • Kau , Ying-mao. 1969. "The Urban Bureaucratic Elite in Communist China: A Case Study of Wuhan, 1949-65," pp. 216-267 in A. Doak Barnett (ed.), Chinese Communist Politics in Action. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
    • (1969) Chinese Communist Politics in Action , pp. 216-267
    • Kau, Y.1
  • 156
    • 84974376731 scopus 로고
    • The Formation of Party Systems in East Central Europe
    • 1992
    • Kitschelt , Herbert 1992. "The Formation of Party Systems in East Central Europe," Politics and Society 20 (1992), pp. 7-50.
    • (1992) Politics and Society , vol.20 , pp. 7-50
    • Kitschelt, H.1
  • 157
    • 84906628334 scopus 로고
    • The State Council and the Cultural Revolution
    • in John Wilson Lewis ed, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
    • Klein , Donald W. 1970. "The State Council and the Cultural Revolution," pp. 351-372 in John Wilson Lewis (ed.), Party Leadership and Revolutionary Power in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1970) Party Leadership and Revolutionary Power in China , pp. 351-372
    • Klein, D.W.1
  • 159
    • 0003000254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical and Theoretical Considerations
    • in Mattei Dogan and John Higley eds, Lanham and Boulder, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
    • Knight , Alan. 1998. "Historical and Theoretical Considerations," pp. 29-45 in Mattei Dogan and John Higley (eds), Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes. Lanham and Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    • (1998) Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes , pp. 29-45
    • Knight, A.1
  • 161
    • 0000677907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Soviet Nomenklatura to Russian Elite
    • Kryshtanovskaia , Olga and White , Stephen . 1996. "From Soviet Nomenklatura to Russian Elite," Europe-Asia Studies 48/5: pp. 711-734.
    • (1996) Europe-Asia Studies , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 711-734
    • Kryshtanovskaia, O.1    Stephen, W.2
  • 164
    • 0042434422 scopus 로고
    • The Implementation Problem in Post-Mao China
    • in David M. Lampton ed, Berkeley, University of California Press
    • Lampton , David M. 1987b. "The Implementation Problem in Post-Mao China," pp. 3-24 in David M. Lampton (ed.), Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1987) Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China , pp. 3-24
    • Lampton, D.M.1
  • 165
    • 85199077876 scopus 로고
    • A Plum for A Peach: Bargaining, Interest and Bureaucratic Politics in China
    • in Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton eds, Berkeley, University of California Press
    • Lampton , David M. 1992. "A Plum for A Peach: Bargaining, Interest and Bureaucratic Politics in China," pp. 33-58 in Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton (eds), Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1992) Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China , pp. 33-58
    • Lampton, D.M.1
  • 168
    • 12444334366 scopus 로고
    • Ruling Class and Political Elites
    • in David Lane ed, London, Edward Elgar
    • Lane , David. 1988b. "Ruling Class and Political Elites," pp. 3-18 in David Lane (ed.), Elites and Political Power in the USSR. London: Edward Elgar.
    • (1988) Elites and Political Power in the USSR , pp. 3-18
    • Lane, D.1
  • 169
    • 84963132960 scopus 로고
    • Gorbachev's Political Elite in the Terminal Stage of the U.S.S.R.: A Reputational Analysis
    • Lane , David. 1994. "Gorbachev's Political Elite in the Terminal Stage of the U.S.S.R.: A Reputational Analysis," Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 10/1: pp. 104-116.
    • (1994) Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 104-116
    • Lane, D.1
  • 170
    • 0039268976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transition under Eltsin: The Nomenklatura and Political Elite Circulation
    • Lane , David. 1997. "Transition under Eltsin: The Nomenklatura and Political Elite Circulation," Political Studies 45/5: pp. 855-874.
    • (1997) Political Studies , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 855-874
    • Lane, D.1
  • 171
    • 84880428899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elite Cohesion and Division: Transition in Gorbachev's Russia
    • in John Higley , Jan Pakulski , and Wlodzimierz Wesolowski eds, London, Macmillan Press
    • Lane , David. 1998. "Elite Cohesion and Division: Transition in Gorbachev's Russia," pp. 67-96 in John Higley , Jan Pakulski , and Wlodzimierz Wesolowski (eds), Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe. London: Macmillan Press.
    • (1998) Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe , pp. 67-96
    • Lane, D.1
  • 172
    • 84937311772 scopus 로고
    • The Social Background and Political Allegiance of the Political Elite of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: The Terminal Stage, 1984 to 1991
    • Lane , David and Ross , Cameron . 1994. "The Social Background and Political Allegiance of the Political Elite of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: The Terminal Stage, 1984 to 1991," Europe-Asia Studies 46/3: pp. 437-463.
    • (1994) Europe-Asia Studies , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 437-463
    • Lane, D.1    Cameron, R.2
  • 173
    • 0011352757 scopus 로고
    • Limitations of Party Control: The Government Bureaucracy in the USSR
    • Lane , David. 1994. "Limitations of Party Control: The Government Bureaucracy in the USSR," Communist and Post-Communist Studies 27/1: pp. 19-38.
    • (1994) Communist and Post-Communist Studies , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-38
    • Lane, D.1
  • 174
    • 0029477693 scopus 로고
    • The CPSU Ruling Elite 1981-1991:Commonallities and Divisions
    • Lane , David. 1995. "The CPSU Ruling Elite 1981-1991:Commonallities and Divisions," Communist and Post-Communist Studies 28/3: pp. 339-360.
    • (1995) Communist and Post-Communist Studies , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 339-360
    • Lane, D.1
  • 179
    • 0000142301 scopus 로고
    • New Wrinkles in the Theory of Age
    • Lawrence , Barbara S. 1988. "New Wrinkles in the Theory of Age," Academy of Management Journal 31/2: pp. 309-337.
    • (1988) Academy of Management Journal , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-337
    • Lawrence, B.S.1
  • 180
    • 0020869595 scopus 로고
    • China's 12th Central Committee
    • Lee , Hong Yung. 1983. "China's 12th Central Committee," Asian Survey 23/6: pp. 673-691.
    • (1983) Asian Survey , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 673-691
    • Lee, H.Y.1
  • 182
    • 33644651521 scopus 로고
    • China's New Bureaucracy?
    • in Arthur Lews Rosenbaum ed, Boulder, Westview
    • Lee , Hong Yung. 1992. "China's New Bureaucracy?" pp. 77-102 in Arthur Lews Rosenbaum (ed.), State and Society in China. Boulder: Westview.
    • (1992) State and Society in China , pp. 77-102
    • Lee, H.Y.1
  • 186
    • 0035285901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Career Advancement as Party Patronage: Sponsored Mobility into the Chinese Administrative Elite, 1949-1996
    • Li , Bobai and Walder , Andrew . 2001. "Career Advancement as Party Patronage: Sponsored Mobility into the Chinese Administrative Elite, 1949-1996," American Journal of Sociology 106/5: pp. 1371-1408.
    • (2001) American Journal of Sociology , vol.106 , Issue.5 , pp. 1371-1408
    • Li, B.1    Andrew, W.2
  • 187
    • 0040116227 scopus 로고
    • University Networks and the Rise of Qinghua Graduates in China's Leadership
    • Li , Cheng. 1994. "University Networks and the Rise of Qinghua Graduates in China's Leadership," The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 32: pp. 1-30.
    • (1994) The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs , vol.32 , pp. 1-30
    • Li, C.1
  • 188
    • 84876829943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rise of the Fourth Generation of Leaders in the PRC
    • Li , Cheng. 2000. "The Rise of the Fourth Generation of Leaders in the PRC," The China Quarterly 161: pp. 1-40.
    • (2000) The China Quarterly , vol.161 , pp. 1-40
    • Li, C.1
  • 189
    • 33644643567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lanham and Boulder, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
    • Li , Cheng. 2001. China's Leaders. Lanham and Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    • (2001) China's Leaders
    • Li, C.1
  • 190
    • 0024874724 scopus 로고
    • Localism, Elitism, and Immobilism: Elite Formation and Social Changes in Post-Mao China
    • Li , Cheng and Bachman , David . 1989. "Localism, Elitism, and Immobilism: Elite Formation and Social Changes in Post-Mao China," World Politics 42/1: pp. 64-94.
    • (1989) World Politics , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-94
    • Li, C.1    David, B.2
  • 191
    • 84968091477 scopus 로고
    • The Thirteenth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party: From Mobilizers to Managers
    • Li , Cheng and White , Lynn . 1988. "The Thirteenth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party: From Mobilizers to Managers," Asian Survey 28/4: pp. 371-399.
    • (1988) Asian Survey , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 371-399
    • Li, C.1    Lynn, W.2
  • 192
    • 84972192087 scopus 로고
    • Elite Transformation and Modern Change in Mainland China and Taiwan
    • Li , Cheng. 1990. "Elite Transformation and Modern Change in Mainland China and Taiwan," The China Quarterly 121: pp. 1-35.
    • (1990) The China Quarterly , vol.121 , pp. 1-35
    • Li, C.1
  • 193
    • 0005820453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Fifteenth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party: Full-Fledged Technocratic Leadership with Partial Control by Jiang Zemin
    • Li , Cheng. 1998. "The Fifteenth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party: Full-Fledged Technocratic Leadership with Partial Control by Jiang Zemin," Asian Survey 38/3: pp. 231-264.
    • (1998) Asian Survey , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-264
    • Li, C.1
  • 196
    • 85199116611 scopus 로고
    • Introduction: The 'Fragmented Authoritarianism' Model and Its Limitations
    • in Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton eds, Berkeley, University of California Press
    • Lieberthal , Kenneth G. 1992. "Introduction: The 'Fragmented Authoritarianism' Model and Its Limitations," pp. 1-30 in Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton (eds), Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1992) Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China , pp. 1-30
    • Lieberthal, K.G.1    Lieberthal, K.G.2    Lampton, D.M.3
  • 201
    • 0042581024 scopus 로고
    • Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall
    • Liu , Alan P. 1986. How China Is Ruled. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    • (1986) How China Is Ruled
    • Liu, A.P.1
  • 203
    • 26544443705 scopus 로고
    • Leadership Politics since 1989
    • in Robert Benewick and Paul Wingroveeds, London, Macmillan
    • Long , Simon. 1995. "Leadership Politics since 1989," pp. 51-62 in Robert Benewick and Paul Wingrove (eds), China in the 1990s. London: Macmillan.
    • (1995) China in the 1990s , pp. 51-62
    • Long, S.1
  • 204
    • 0347727804 scopus 로고
    • Lund, Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies Monograph Series, 16
    • Lotveit , Trygve. 1973. Chinese Communism 1931-1934. Lund: Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies Monograph Series, 16.
    • (1973) Chinese Communism 1931-1934
    • Lotveit, T.1
  • 205
    • 0007275018 scopus 로고
    • Development vs. Utopia in Communist Policy
    • in Chalmers Johnson ed. Stanford, Stanford University Press
    • Lowenthall , Richard. 1970. "Development vs. Utopia in Communist Policy," pp. 33-116 in Chalmers Johnson (ed.), Change in Communist Systems. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    • (1970) Change in Communist Systems , pp. 33-116
    • Lowenthall, R.1
  • 209
    • 0000485647 scopus 로고
    • Segmented or Competitive Labor Markets?
    • Magnac , Ted. 1991. "Segmented or Competitive Labor Markets?", Econometrica 59/1: pp. 165-187.
    • (1991) Econometrica , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-187
    • Magnac, T.1
  • 210
    • 84911386835 scopus 로고
    • The Cadre Management System, Post-Mao: The Appointment, Promotion, Transfer and Removal of Party and State Leaders
    • Manion , Melanie. 1985. "The Cadre Management System, Post-Mao: The Appointment, Promotion, Transfer and Removal of Party and State Leaders," The China Quarterly 102: pp. 203-233.
    • (1985) The China Quarterly , vol.102 , pp. 203-233
    • Manion, M.1
  • 212
    • 85069575174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The United Front Redefined for the Party-State: A Case Study of Transition, and Ligitimation
    • in Timothy Cheek and Tony Saich eds, Armonk, M. E. Sharpe
    • Mazur , Mary G. 1997. "The United Front Redefined for the Party-State: A Case Study of Transition, and Ligitimation," pp. 51-75 in Timothy Cheek and Tony Saich (eds), New Perspectives on State Socialism in China. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1997.
    • (1997) New Perspectives on State Socialism in China , pp. 51-75
    • Mazur, M.G.1
  • 213
    • 84906594091 scopus 로고
    • Beijing, Foreign Languages Press
    • Mao , Zedong. 1977. Selected Works of Mao Zedong, vol. 5. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
    • (1977) Selected Works of Mao Zedong , vol.5
    • Mao, Z.1
  • 214
    • 0004084992 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
    • Marceau , Jean. 1989. A Family Business? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1989) A Family Business?
    • Marceau, J.1
  • 215
    • 84971135250 scopus 로고
    • The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life
    • March , James G. , and Olsen , Johan P. 1984. "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78/3: pp. 734-749.
    • (1984) American Political Science Review , vol.78 , Issue.3 , pp. 734-749
    • March, J.G.1    Olsen, J.P.2
  • 217
    • 0031427916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Gender Gap in Earnings at Career Entry
    • Marini , Margaret Mooney and Fan , Pi-Ling . 1997. "The Gender Gap in Earnings at Career Entry," American Sociological Review 62/4: pp. 588-604.
    • (1997) American Sociological Review , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 588-604
    • Marini, M.M.1    Pi-Ling, F.2
  • 218
    • 84906593650 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of Mobility within Industrial Organization
    • in William Lloyd Warnder and Norman H. Martineds, New York, Harper
    • Martin , N. H. , and Strauss , A. L. 1959. "Patterns of Mobility within Industrial Organization," pp. 85-101 in William Lloyd Warnder and Norman H. Martin (eds), Industrial Man. New York: Harper.
    • (1959) Industrial Man , pp. 85-101
    • Martin, N.H.1    Strauss, A.L.2
  • 219
    • 84915980589 scopus 로고
    • The Economics of Institutions and the Sources of Growth
    • Matthews , R. C. O. 1986. "The Economics of Institutions and the Sources of Growth," Economic Journal 96/384: pp. 903-918.
    • (1986) Economic Journal , vol.96 , Issue.384 , pp. 903-918
    • Matthews, R.C.O.1
  • 221
    • 0012593952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elite Formation under Occupation
    • Mazawi , Andre Elias and Yogev , Abraham . 1999. "Elite Formation under Occupation," British Journal of Sociology 50/3: pp. 397-418.
    • (1999) British Journal of Sociology , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-418
    • Mazawi, A.E.1    Abraham, Y.2
  • 223
    • 0002727454 scopus 로고
    • The Charter
    • in W. Richard Scott ed, New York, Holt, Rinehart
    • Meyer , John W. 1970. "The Charter," pp. 564-578 in W. Richard Scott (ed.), Social Processes and Social Structure. New York: Holt, Rinehart.
    • (1970) Social Processes and Social Structure , pp. 564-578
    • Meyer, J.W.1
  • 225
    • 84906594089 scopus 로고
    • The Political Decision Makers
    • in Lenard Cohen and Jame Shapiroeds, New York, Anchor Books
    • Meyer Gerd . 1974. "The Political Decision Makers," pp. 195-221 in Lenard Cohen and Jame Shapiro (eds), Communist Systems in Comparative Perspective. New York: Anchor Books.
    • (1974) Communist Systems in Comparative Perspective , pp. 195-221
    • Gerd, M.1
  • 226
    • 0005014338 scopus 로고
    • trans. Paul Barnes New York, The Free Press Barnes, Paul
    • Meynaud , Jean. 1969. Technocracy trans. Paul Barnes . New York: The Free Press.
    • (1969) Technocracy
    • Meynaud, J.1
  • 227
    • 0003878022 scopus 로고
    • New York, Oxford University Press
    • Mills , C. Wright. 1959. The Power Elite. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1959) The Power Elite
    • Mills, C.W.1
  • 228
    • 84926275337 scopus 로고
    • Generational Change in China
    • Mills , William deB. 1983. "Generational Change in China," Problems of Communism 32/6: pp. 16-35.
    • (1983) Problems of Communism , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 16-35
    • Mills, W.B.1
  • 229
    • 21144465995 scopus 로고
    • Understanding Political Change in Eastern Europe: A Sociological Perspective
    • Misztal , Barbara A. 1993. "Understanding Political Change in Eastern Europe: A Sociological Perspective," Sociology 27/3: pp. 451-470.
    • (1993) Sociology , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 451-470
    • Misztal, B.A.1
  • 230
    • 0001434360 scopus 로고
    • The Communist Party of the Soviet Union
    • Moore , Barrington. 1944. "The Communist Party of the Soviet Union," American Sociological Review 9/3: pp. 267-278.
    • (1944) American Sociological Review , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-278
    • Moore, B.1
  • 231
    • 84906629822 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, Harvard University Press
    • Moore , Barrington. 1950. Soviet Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    • (1950) Soviet Politics
    • Moore, B.1
  • 233
    • 2042537883 scopus 로고
    • ed. Arthur Livingston , and trans. Hannah D. Kahn New York, McGraw-Hill Livingston, Arthur Kahn, Hannah D.
    • Mosca , Gaetano. 1939. The Ruling Class: Elementi di scienza politica, ed. Arthur Livingston , and trans. Hannah D. Kahn . New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1939) The Ruling Class: Elementi di scienza politica
    • Mosca, G.1
  • 236
    • 33644661642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ed, various years, Gulf Breeze, Florida, Academic International Press
    • Mulvenon , James (ed.). various years. China: Facts & Figures. Gulf Breeze, Florida: Academic International Press.
    • China: Facts & Figures
    • Mulvenon, J.1
  • 237
    • 84937307269 scopus 로고
    • Through the Glass Ceiling: Prospects for the Advancement of Women in the Federal Civil Services
    • Naff , Katherine. 1994. "Through the Glass Ceiling: Prospects for the Advancement of Women in the Federal Civil Services," Public Administration Review 54/6: pp. 507-514.
    • (1994) Public Administration Review , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 507-514
    • Naff, K.1
  • 238
    • 0002722488 scopus 로고
    • The Decline of Central Control over Investment in Post-Mao China
    • in David Lampton, Berkeley, University of California Press
    • Naughton , Barry. 1987. "The Decline of Central Control over Investment in Post-Mao China," pp. 51-80 in David Lampton, Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1987) Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China , pp. 51-80
    • Naughton, B.1
  • 239
    • 0024800380 scopus 로고
    • A Theory of Market Transition
    • Nee , Victor. 1989. "A Theory of Market Transition," American Sociological Review 54/5: pp. 663-681.
    • (1989) American Sociological Review , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 663-681
    • Nee, V.1
  • 240
    • 0001915937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embeddedness and Beyond: Institutions, Exchange, and Social Structure
    • in and eds, New York:, Russell Sage Foundation
    • Nee , Victor and Ingram , Paul . 1998. "Embeddedness and Beyond: Institutions, Exchange, and Social Structure," pp. 19-45 in Mary C. Brinton and Victor Nee (eds), The New Institutionalism in Sociology. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (1998) The New Institutionalism in Sociology , pp. 19-45
    • Nee, V.1    Paul, I.2    Brinton, M.C.3    Nee, V.4
  • 241
    • 84976126021 scopus 로고
    • Women Candidates for Parliament: Transforming the Agenda?
    • Norris , Pippa and Lovenduski , Joni . 1989. "Women Candidates for Parliament: Transforming the Agenda?" British Journal of Political Science 19/1: pp. 106-115.
    • (1989) British Journal of Political Science , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 106-115
    • Norris, P.1    Joni, L.2
  • 242
    • 0004187261 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
    • Norris , Pippa 1995. Political Recruitment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1995) Political Recruitment
    • Norris, P.1
  • 244
    • 0010202441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic Performance Through Time
    • in Mary C. Brinton and Victor Neeeds, New York, Russell Sage Foundation
    • North , Douglass C. 1998. "Economic Performance Through Time," pp. 247-257 in Mary C. Brinton and Victor Nee (eds), The New Institutionalism in Sociology. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (1998) The New Institutionalism in Sociology , pp. 247-257
    • North, D.C.1
  • 246
    • 84897271370 scopus 로고
    • Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Elites
    • in Harold D. Lasswell and Daniel Lerner eds, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press
    • North , Robert C. , and Pool , Ithiel de Sola. 1965. "Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Elites," pp. 376-402 in Harold D. Lasswell and Daniel Lerner (eds), World Revolutionary Elites: Studies in Coercive Ideological Movements. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1965) World Revolutionary Elites: Studies in Coercive Ideological Movements , pp. 376-402
    • North, R.C.1    Pool, I.S.2
  • 248
    • 84972727054 scopus 로고
    • Agents and Remonstrators
    • O'Brien , Kevin J. 1994. "Agents and Remonstrators," The China Quarterly 138: pp. 359-380.
    • (1994) The China Quarterly , vol.138 , pp. 359-380
    • O'Brien, K.J.1
  • 250
    • 0343336799 scopus 로고
    • Local Leaders in Rural China, 1962-65
    • in ed, Press., Seattle, University of Washington
    • Oksenberg , Michel C. 1966. "Local Leaders in Rural China, 1962-65," pp. 155-215 in A. Doak Barnett (ed.), Chinese Communist Politics in Action. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
    • (1966) Chinese Communist Politics in Action , pp. 155-215
    • Oksenberg, M.C.1    Barnett, A.D.2
  • 251
    • 84974165100 scopus 로고
    • The Institutionalization of the Chinese Communist Revolution: The Ladder of Success on the Eve of the Cultural Revolution
    • Oksenberg , Michel C. 1968. "The Institutionalization of the Chinese Communist Revolution: The Ladder of Success on the Eve of the Cultural Revolution,"The China Quarterly 36: pp. 61-92.
    • (1968) The China Quarterly , vol.36 , pp. 61-92
    • Oksenberg, M.C.1
  • 252
    • 84906604032 scopus 로고
    • Policy Making under Mao, 1949-68: An Overview
    • in John M. Lindbeck ed, Seattle, University of Washington Press
    • Oksenberg , Michel C. 1971. "Policy Making under Mao, 1949-68: An Overview," pp. 79-115 in John M. Lindbeck (ed.), China: Management of A Revolutionary Society. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
    • (1971) China: Management of A Revolutionary Society , pp. 79-115
    • Oksenberg, M.C.1
  • 253
    • 0003128252 scopus 로고
    • Organizational Isomorphism in East Asia
    • in Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio eds , Chicago, the University of Chicago Press
    • Orru , Marco , Woolsey Biggart , Nicole and Hamilton Gary G. , 1991. "Organizational Isomorphism in East Asia," pp. 361-389 in Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio (eds) The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press.
    • (1991) The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis , pp. 361-389
    • Orru, M.1    Woolsey Biggart, N.2    Hamilton, G.G.3
  • 254
    • 84925890986 scopus 로고
    • An Empirical Study of Labor Market Segmentation
    • Osterman , Paul. 1975. "An Empirical Study of Labor Market Segmentation," Industrial and Labor Relations Review 28: pp. 508-523.
    • (1975) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.28 , pp. 508-523
    • Osterman, P.1
  • 257
    • 84929230796 scopus 로고
    • Prolegomena to A Theory of Social Institutions
    • Parsons , Talcott. 1990. "Prolegomena to A Theory of Social Institutions," American Sociological Review 55/3: pp. 318-333.
    • (1990) American Sociological Review , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 318-333
    • Parsons, T.1
  • 259
    • 84928219484 scopus 로고
    • Chartering and Bartering: Elite Education and Social Reproduction
    • Persell , Caroline Hodges and Cookson , Peter W . 1985. "Chartering and Bartering: Elite Education and Social Reproduction," Social Problems 33/2: pp. 114-129.
    • (1985) Social Problems , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 114-129
    • Persell, C.H.1    Peter, W.C.2
  • 260
    • 21344497654 scopus 로고
    • Investigating the 'Glass Ceiling' Phenomenon
    • Powell , Gary N. , and Butterfield , D.Anthony. 1994. "Investigating the 'Glass Ceiling' Phenomenon," Academy of Management Journal 37/1: pp. 68-86.
    • (1994) Academy of Management Journal , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-86
    • Powell, G.N.1    Butterfield, D.A.2
  • 263
    • 84906576752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiopress, Inc. ed.. various years. China Directory.
    • Radiopress, Inc. (ed.). various years. China Directory.
  • 265
    • 84906591374 scopus 로고
    • Elite Mobility in the Locals: Towards A Modified Patronage Model
    • in David Lane ed.Aldershot, Edward Elger Publishing Limited
    • Reisinger , William M. , and Willerton , John P. 1988. "Elite Mobility in the Locals: Towards A Modified Patronage Model," pp. 99-126 in David Lane (ed.), Elites and Political Power in the USSR. Aldershot: Edward Elger Publishing Limited.
    • (1988) Elites and Political Power in the USSR , pp. 99-126
    • Reisinger, W.M.1    Willerton, J.P.2
  • 266
    • 84906594087 scopus 로고
    • The Soviet Politburo: A Comparative Profile, 1951-1971
    • Rigby , Thomas Henry. 1972. "The Soviet Politburo: A Comparative Profile, 1951-1971," Soviet Studies 24/1: pp. 3-23.
    • (1972) Soviet Studies , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-23
    • Rigby, T.H.1
  • 269
    • 37249069137 scopus 로고
    • The First Should Be Last: Entrepreneurship and Communist Cadres in the Transition from Socialism
    • Rona-Tas , Akos. 1994. "The First Should Be Last: Entrepreneurship and Communist Cadres in the Transition from Socialism," American Journal of Sociology 100/1: pp. 40-69.
    • (1994) American Journal of Sociology , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-69
    • Rona-Tas, A.1
  • 270
    • 0029500772 scopus 로고
    • Women and Political Participation in China
    • Rosen , Stanley. 1995. "Women and Political Participation in China," Pacific Affairs 68/3: pp. 315-341.
    • (1995) Pacific Affairs , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-341
    • Rosen, S.1
  • 271
    • 84938049702 scopus 로고
    • Organizational Career Mobility: Promotion Chances in a Corporation during Periods of Growth and Contraction
    • Rosenbaum , James E. 1979. "Organizational Career Mobility: Promotion Chances in a Corporation during Periods of Growth and Contraction," American Journal of Sociology 85/1: pp. 21-48.
    • (1979) American Journal of Sociology , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-48
    • Rosenbaum, J.E.1
  • 273
    • 84926271935 scopus 로고
    • Sex Segregation and Sectors: an Analysis of Gender Differences in Returns from Employer Changes
    • Rosenfeld , Rachel A. 1983. "Sex Segregation and Sectors: an Analysis of Gender Differences in Returns from Employer Changes," American Sociological Review 48/5: pp. 637-655.
    • (1983) American Sociological Review , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 637-655
    • Rosenfeld, R.A.1
  • 274
    • 0027067639 scopus 로고
    • Job Mobility and Career Processes
    • Rosenfeld , Rachel A. 1992. "Job Mobility and Career Processes," Annual Review of Sociology 18: pp. 39-61.
    • (1992) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.18 , pp. 39-61
    • Rosenfeld, R.A.1
  • 279
    • 84906594088 scopus 로고
    • China's Political Structure
    • in Robert Benewick and Paul Wingrove eds, London, Macmillan
    • Saich , Tony. 1995. "China's Political Structure," pp. 34-50 in Robert Benewick and Paul Wingrove (eds), China in the 1990s. London: Macmillan.
    • (1995) China in the 1990s , pp. 34-50
    • Saich, T.1
  • 280
    • 77949755702 scopus 로고
    • ed. F. M. H. Markham, Oxford, Basil Blackwell Markham, F. M. H.
    • Saint-Simon , Henri Comte. 1952. Selected Writings, ed. F. M. H. Markham . Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
    • (1952) Selected Writings
    • Saint-Simon, H.C.1
  • 281
    • 0028791710 scopus 로고
    • Education and the Dual Labor Market for Japanese Men
    • Sakamoto , Arthur and Powers , Daniel A. 1995. "Education and the Dual Labor Market for Japanese Men," American Sociological Review 60/2: pp. 222-246.
    • (1995) American Sociological Review , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 222-246
    • Sakamoto, A.1    Powers, D.A.2
  • 285
    • 0010652610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ideological Struggle over Police Reform, 1988-1993
    • in Edwin A. Winckler ed, Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
    • Scot , Murray. 1999. "Ideological Struggle over Police Reform, 1988-1993," pp. 111-128 in Edwin A. Winckler (ed.), Transition from Communism in China: Institutional and Comparative Analyses. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
    • (1999) Transition from Communism in China: Institutional and Comparative Analyses , pp. 111-128
    • Scot, M.1
  • 286
    • 0003057459 scopus 로고
    • The Organization of Societal Sectors: Propositions and Early Evidence
    • in Walter W Powell . and Paul J. DiMaggio eds, Chicago, the University of Chicago Press
    • Scott W. Richard and Meyer , John W. 1991. "The Organization of Societal Sectors: Propositions and Early Evidence," pp. 108-140 in Walter W Powell . and Paul J. DiMaggio (eds), The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press.
    • (1991) The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis , pp. 108-140
    • Richard, S.W.1    Meyer, J.W.2
  • 291
    • 84906630121 scopus 로고
    • Cooperation: A Mechanism and Organizational Stability
    • in Robert K. Merton ed, New York, Free Press
    • Selznick , Philip. 1967. "Cooperation: A Mechanism and Organizational Stability," pp. 135-139 in Robert K. Merton (ed.), Reader in Bureaucracy. New York: Free Press.
    • (1967) Reader in Bureaucracy , pp. 135-139
    • Selznick, P.1
  • 292
    • 0002433588 scopus 로고
    • Institutional Equilibrium and Equilibrium Institution
    • in Hilda K. Weisburg ed, New York, Agathon
    • Shepsle , Kenneth A. 1986. "Institutional Equilibrium and Equilibrium Institution," pp. 51-82 in Hilda K. Weisburg (ed.), Political Science: The Science of Politics. New York: Agathon.
    • (1986) Political Science: The Science of Politics , pp. 51-82
    • Shepsle, K.A.1
  • 293
    • 85199049548 scopus 로고
    • The Chinese Political System and the Political Strategy of Economic Reform
    • in Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton eds, .: ., Berkeley, University of California Press
    • Shirk , Susan L. 1992. "The Chinese Political System and the Political Strategy of Economic Reform," pp. 59-91 in Kenneth G. Lieberthal and David M. Lampton (eds), Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1992) Bureaucracy, Politics, and Decision Making in Post-Mao China , pp. 59-91
    • Shirk, S.L.1
  • 295
    • 0024784682 scopus 로고
    • Overeducation and Earnings
    • Shockey , James W. 1989. "Overeducation and Earnings," American Sociological Review 54/5: pp. 856-864.
    • (1989) American Sociological Review , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 856-864
    • Shockey, J.W.1
  • 298
    • 0004312667 scopus 로고
    • New York, Grove Press, 1973
    • Snow , Edgar. 1938 (1973). Red Star over China. New York: Grove Press.
    • (1938) Red Star over China
    • Snow, E.1
  • 300
    • 0347312540 scopus 로고
    • Dealing with New Issues in Our Work Carefully (Renzhen jiejue gongzuo mianlin de xin keti)
    • Song , Renqiong. 1980. "Dealing with New Issues in Our Work Carefully (Renzhen jiejue gongzuo mianlin de xin keti)," Hongqi 16: pp. 2-9.
    • (1980) Hongqi , vol.16 , pp. 2-9
    • Song, R.1
  • 301
    • 0347499022 scopus 로고
    • The Structure of Inequality and the Process of Attainment
    • Sorensen , Aage B. 1977. "The Structure of Inequality and the Process of Attainment," American Sociological Review 42/6: pp. 965-978.
    • (1977) American Sociological Review , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 965-978
    • Sorensen, A.B.1
  • 302
    • 84938050466 scopus 로고
    • A Model and A Metric for the Analysis of the Intragenetational Status Attainment Process
    • Sorensen , Aage B. 1979. "A Model and A Metric for the Analysis of the Intragenetational Status Attainment Process," American Journal of Sociology 85/2: pp. 361-384.
    • (1979) American Journal of Sociology , vol.85 , Issue.2 , pp. 361-384
    • Sorensen, A.B.1
  • 303
    • 0002065687 scopus 로고
    • An Outline of a Theory of the Matching of Persons to Jobs
    • in Ivar Berg, New York, Academic Press
    • Sorensen , Aage. B. , and Kalleberg , Arne L. 1981. "An Outline of a Theory of the Matching of Persons to Jobs," pp. 49-74 in Ivar Berg, Sociological Perspectives on Labor Market. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1981) Sociological Perspectives on Labor Market , pp. 49-74
    • Sorensen, A.B.1    Kalleberg, A.L.2
  • 304
    • 84925906999 scopus 로고
    • Careers, Labor Market Structure, and Socioeconomic Achievement
    • Spilerman , Seymour. 1977. "Careers, Labor Market Structure, and Socioeconomic Achievement," American Journal of Sociology 83/3: pp. 551-593.
    • (1977) American Journal of Sociology , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 551-593
    • Spilerman, S.1
  • 305
    • 0026269175 scopus 로고
    • Features of Educational Attainment and Job Promotion Prospects
    • Spilerman , Seymour and Lunde , Tormod. 1992. "Features of Educational Attainment and Job Promotion Prospects," American Journal of Sociology 97/3: pp. 689-720.
    • (1992) American Journal of Sociology , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 689-720
    • Spilerman, S.1    Lunde, T.2
  • 306
    • 0001857058 scopus 로고
    • Toward An Institutional Analysis of State Socialism
    • in Victor Nee and David Starkeds, Stanford, Stanford University Press
    • Stark , David and Nee , Victor. 1989. "Toward An Institutional Analysis of State Socialism," pp. 1-31 in Victor Nee and David Stark (eds), Remaking the Economic Institutions of Socialism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    • (1989) Remaking the Economic Institutions of Socialism , pp. 1-31
    • Stark, D.1    Nee, V.2    Nee, V.3    Stark, D.4
  • 307
    • 84966046803 scopus 로고
    • Political Mobility and the Soviet Political Process: A Partial Test of Two Models
    • Stewart , Philip D. et al. 1972. "Political Mobility and the Soviet Political Process: A Partial Test of Two Models," American Political Science Review 66/4: pp. 1269-1294.
    • (1972) American Political Science Review , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 1269-1294
    • Stewart, P.D.1
  • 308
    • 84906592933 scopus 로고
    • Careers and Organizational Labor Markets
    • Stewman , Shelby and Konda , Suresh L. 1983. "Careers and Organizational Labor Markets," American Journal of Sociology 88/4: pp. 634-685.
    • (1983) American Journal of Sociology , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 634-685
    • Stewman, S.1    Konda, S.L.2
  • 309
    • 84925892671 scopus 로고
    • Occupations, Labor Markets and the Process of Wage Attainment
    • Stolzenberg , Ross M. 1975. "Occupations, Labor Markets and the Process of Wage Attainment," American Sociological Review 40/5: pp. 645-665.
    • (1975) American Sociological Review , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 645-665
    • Stolzenberg, R.M.1
  • 314
    • 84976984516 scopus 로고
    • The Aspects and Limits of the East European New Class Project: An Autocratical Reflection on The Intellectuals on the Road to Class Power
    • Szelenyi , Ivan. 1986-7. "The Aspects and Limits of the East European New Class Project: An Autocratical Reflection on The Intellectuals on the Road to Class Power ," Politics and Society 15/2: pp. 103-144.
    • (1986) Politics and Society , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-144
    • Szelenyi, I.1
  • 315
    • 33748794708 scopus 로고
    • Circulation or Reproduction of Elites during the Postcommunist Transformation of Eastern Europe
    • Szelenyi , Ivan and Szelenyi , Szonja. 1995. "Circulation or Reproduction of Elites during the Postcommunist Transformation of Eastern Europe," Theory and Society 24/5: pp. 615-638.
    • (1995) Theory and Society , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 615-638
    • Szelenyi, I.1    Szelenyi, S.2
  • 316
    • 0012679785 scopus 로고
    • The Three Waves of New Class Theories and A Postscript
    • in Charles C. Lemert ed Newbury Park, Sage
    • Szelenyi , Ivan and Martin ,Bill. 1991. "The Three Waves of New Class Theories and A Postscript," pp. 19-30 in Charles C. Lemert (ed.), Intellectuals and Politics. Newbury Park: Sage.
    • (1991) Intellectuals and Politics , pp. 19-30
    • Szelenyi, I.1    Martin, B.2
  • 317
    • 0012846942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stanford, Stanford University Press
    • Szelenyi , Szonja. 1998. Equality by Design. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    • (1998) Equality by Design
    • Szelenyi, S.1
  • 319
    • 84976003117 scopus 로고
    • The Erosion of Communist Party Control over Lawmaking in China
    • Tanner , Murray Scot. 1994. "The Erosion of Communist Party Control over Lawmaking in China," The China Quarterly 138: pp. 381-403.
    • (1994) The China Quarterly , vol.138 , pp. 381-403
    • Tanner, M.S.1
  • 323
    • 84906610291 scopus 로고
    • Establishment and Consolidation of the New Regime, 1945-1957
    • in Roderick MacFarquhar and John K. Fairbank eds, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
    • Teiwes , Frederick C. 1987. "Establishment and Consolidation of the New Regime, 1945-1957," pp. 51-122 in Roderick MacFarquhar and John K. Fairbank (eds), Cambridge History of China vol. 14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1987) Cambridge History of China , vol.14 , pp. 51-122
    • Teiwes, F.C.1
  • 325
    • 85069592599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interviews on Party History
    • in Timothy Cheek and Tony Saich eds, Armonk, M. E. Sharpe
    • Teiwes , Frederick C. 1997. "Interviews on Party History," pp. 339-353 in Timothy Cheek and Tony Saich (eds), New Perspectives on State Socialism in China. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe.
    • (1997) New Perspectives on State Socialism in China , pp. 339-353
    • Teiwes, F.C.1
  • 326
    • 84906582968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Data Center of the Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, China Yearbook Publishing Limited
    • The Data Center of the Xinhua News Agency. 1998. Who's Who in China, Current Leaders. Beijing: China Yearbook Publishing Limited.
    • (1998) Who's Who in China, Current Leaders
  • 327
    • 0006964761 scopus 로고
    • The Editorial Board ofWho's Who in China, Beijing, Foreign Languages Press
    • The Editorial Board ofWho's Who in China . 1989. Who's Who in China, Current Leaders. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
    • (1989) Who's Who in China, Current Leaders
  • 328
    • 0003898576 scopus 로고
    • The Editorial Board of Who's Who in China , Beijing, Foreign Languages Press
    • The Editorial Board of Who's Who in China . 1994. Who's Who in China, Current Leaders. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
    • (1994) Who's Who in China, Current Leaders
  • 329
  • 330
  • 336
    • 84936824342 scopus 로고
    • Pathways to Top Corporate Management
    • Useem , Michael and Karabel , Jerome. 1986. "Pathways to Top Corporate Management", American Sociological Review 51/2: pp. 184-200.
    • (1986) American Sociological Review , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 184-200
    • Useem, M.1    Karabel, J.2
  • 337
    • 84972291979 scopus 로고
    • From Revolutionary to Semi-Bureaucrat: The 'Regularisation' of Cadres
    • Vogel , Ezra F. 1967. "From Revolutionary to Semi-Bureaucrat: The 'Regularisation' of Cadres," The China Quarterly 29: pp. 36-60.
    • (1967) The China Quarterly , vol.29 , pp. 36-60
    • Vogel, E.F.1
  • 338
    • 0003931501 scopus 로고
    • New York, Harper & Row Publishers
    • Vogel , Ezra F. 1979. Japan as Number One. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
    • (1979) Japan as Number One
    • Vogel, E.F.1
  • 340
  • 341
    • 0040709996 scopus 로고
    • Sociology of Work: The Case of China
    • in Cohen Myron ed, Armonk, M. E. Sharpe
    • Walder , Andrew. 1992a. "Sociology of Work: The Case of China," pp. 448-458 in Cohen Myron (ed.), Case Studies in the Social Sciences. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe.
    • (1992) Case Studies in the Social Sciences , pp. 448-458
    • Walder, A.1
  • 342
    • 79958735125 scopus 로고
    • Property Rights and Stratification in Socialist Redistributive Economies
    • Walder , Andrew. 1992b. "Property Rights and Stratification in Socialist Redistributive Economies," American Sociological Review 57/4: pp. 524-539.
    • (1992) American Sociological Review , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 524-539
    • Walder, A.1
  • 343
    • 84937286931 scopus 로고
    • Career Mobility and the Communist Political Order
    • Walder , Andrew. 1995a. "Career Mobility and the Communist Political Order," American Sociological Review 60/3: pp. 309-328.
    • (1995) American Sociological Review , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 309-328
    • Walder, A.1
  • 344
    • 0029472898 scopus 로고
    • Local Governments as Industrial Firms
    • Walder , Andrew. 1995b. "Local Governments as Industrial Firms," American Journal of Sociology 101/2: pp. 263-301.
    • (1995) American Journal of Sociology , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-301
    • Walder, A.1
  • 345
    • 0030559943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markets and Inequality in Transitional Economies
    • Walder , Andrew. 1996. "Markets and Inequality in Transitional Economies," American Journal of Sociology 101/4: pp. 1060-1073 .
    • (1996) American Journal of Sociology , vol.101 , Issue.4 , pp. 1060-1073
    • Walder, A.1
  • 346
    • 0033776734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politics and Life Chances in a State Socialist Regime
    • Walder , Andrew , Li , Bobai and Treiman , Donald J . 2000. "Politics and Life Chances in a State Socialist Regime," American Sociological Review 65/2: pp. 191-209.
    • (2000) American Sociological Review , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 191-209
    • Walder, A.1    Bobai, L.2    Donald, J.T.3
  • 347
    • 84935073915 scopus 로고
    • Gender Differences in Role Differentiation and Organizational Task Performance
    • Walker , Henry A. , and Fennell , Mary L. 1986. "Gender Differences in Role Differentiation and Organizational Task Performance," Annual Review of Sociology 12: pp. 255-275.
    • (1986) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.12 , pp. 255-275
    • Walker, H.A.1    Fennell, M.L.2
  • 348
    • 0022164273 scopus 로고
    • An Analysis of the PRC's Future Elite
    • Wang , Ting. 1985. "An Analysis of the PRC's Future Elite," Journal of Northeast Asian Studies 4/2: pp. 19-37.
    • (1985) Journal of Northeast Asian Studies , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 19-37
    • Wang, T.1
  • 349
    • 84906611753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangdai zhongguo de minzu dangpai.: ., Beijing, Dandaizhongguo Chubanshe
    • Wang , Xian et al. 1999. Democratic Parties in Contemporary China (Dangdai zhongguo de minzu dangpai). Beijing: Dandaizhongguo Chubanshe.
    • (1999) Democratic Parties in Contemporary China
    • Wang, X.1
  • 350
    • 0040175461 scopus 로고
    • Economic Organization of Firms and Labor Market Consequences: Toward A Specification of Dual Economy Theory
    • in Ivar Berg ed., New York, Academic Press
    • Wallace , Michael and Kalleberg , Arne L. 1981. "Economic Organization of Firms and Labor Market Consequences: Toward A Specification of Dual Economy Theory," pp. 77-117 in Ivar Berg (ed.), Sociological Perspectives on Labor Market. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1981) Sociological Perspectives on Labor Market , pp. 77-117
    • Wallace, M.1    Kalleberg, A.L.2
  • 351
    • 84968110755 scopus 로고
    • The Evolution of the Chinese Communist Political Elite, 1931-56
    • in Robert Scalapino ed, Seattle, University of Washington Press
    • Waller , Derek J. 1972. "The Evolution of the Chinese Communist Political Elite, 1931-56," pp. 41-66 in Robert Scalapino (ed.), Elites in the People's Republic of China. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
    • (1972) Elites in the People's Republic of China , pp. 41-66
    • Waller, D.J.1
  • 352
    • 84906579058 scopus 로고
    • The Chinese Communist Political Elite: Continuity and Innovation
    • in Carl Beck et al, New York, David McKay
    • Waller , Derek J. 1973. "The Chinese Communist Political Elite: Continuity and Innovation," pp. 154-201 in Carl Beck, et al. Comparative Communist Political Leadership. New York: David McKay.
    • (1973) Comparative Communist Political Leadership , pp. 154-201
    • Waller, D.J.1
  • 355
    • 0031427613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social Stratification across Three Generations
    • Warren , John Robert and Hauser , Robert M. 1997. "Social Stratification across Three Generations," American Sociological Review 62/4: pp. 561-572.
    • (1997) American Sociological Review , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 561-572
    • Warren, J.R.1    Hauser, R.M.2
  • 356
    • 0038475391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hungary, Poland, and Russia: The Fate of Nomenklatura Elites
    • in Mattei Dogan and John Higley eds, Lanham and Boulder, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
    • Wasilewski , Jacek. 1998. "Hungary, Poland, and Russia: The Fate of Nomenklatura Elites," pp. 147-167 in Mattei Dogan and John Higley (eds), Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes. Lanham and Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    • (1998) Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes , pp. 147-167
    • Wasilewski, J.1
  • 358
    • 0040721309 scopus 로고
    • New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston
    • Welsh , William A. 1979. Leaders and Elites. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
    • (1979) Leaders and Elites
    • Welsh, W.A.1
  • 360
    • 84906522565 scopus 로고
    • The Decline of Ideocracy
    • in Robert Benewick and Paul Wingroveeds, London, Macmillan
    • White , Gordon. 1995. "The Decline of Ideocracy," pp. 21-33 in Robert Benewick and Paul Wingrove (eds), China in the 1990s. London: Macmillan.
    • (1995) China in the 1990s , pp. 21-33
    • White, G.1
  • 361
    • 0004209268 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, Harvard University Press
    • White , Harrison C. 1970. Chains of Opportunity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    • (1970) Chains of Opportunity
    • White, H.C.1
  • 362
    • 84906625005 scopus 로고
    • Elites, Power, and the Exercise of Political Authority in the USSR
    • in David Lane ed, Aldershot, Edward Elgar
    • White , Stephen. 1988. "Elites, Power, and the Exercise of Political Authority in the USSR," pp. 269-287 in David Lane (ed.), Elites and Political Power in the USSR. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
    • (1988) Elites and Political Power in the USSR , pp. 269-287
    • White, S.1
  • 363
    • 0344597959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russia: Elite Continuity and Change
    • in Mattei Dogan and John Higley eds, Lanham and Boulder, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
    • White , Stephen and Kryshtanovskaya , Olga. 1998. "Russia: Elite Continuity and Change," pp. 125-146 in Mattei Dogan and John Higley (eds), Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes. Lanham and Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    • (1998) Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes , pp. 125-146
    • White, S.1    Kryshtanovskaya, O.2
  • 366
    • 84881832826 scopus 로고
    • The Economies of Organization: The Transaction Cost Approach
    • Williamson , Oliver E. 1981. "The Economies of Organization: The Transaction Cost Approach," American Journal of Sociology 87/3: pp. 548-577.
    • (1981) American Journal of Sociology , vol.87 , Issue.3 , pp. 548-577
    • Williamson, O.E.1
  • 372
    • 85204565466 scopus 로고
    • Material Allocation and Decentralization
    • in Elizabeth Perry and Christine Wong eds, Cambridge, Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University
    • Wong , Christine. 1985. "Material Allocation and Decentralization," pp. 253-278 in Elizabeth Perry and Christine Wong (eds), The Political Economy of Reform in Post-Mao China. Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University.
    • (1985) The Political Economy of Reform in Post-Mao China , pp. 253-278
    • Wong, C.1
  • 378
    • 0026350392 scopus 로고
    • Provincial Elite in Post-Mao China
    • Zang , Xiaowei. 1991a. "Provincial Elite in Post-Mao China," Asian Survey 31/6: pp. 512-525.
    • (1991) Asian Survey , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 512-525
    • Zang, X.1
  • 379
    • 0038932071 scopus 로고
    • Elite Formation and the Bureaucratic-Technocracy in Post-Mao China
    • 1991b
    • Zang , Xiaowei. 1991b. "Elite Formation and the Bureaucratic-Technocracy in Post-Mao China," Studies in Comparative Communism 24/1 (1991b), pp. 114-123.
    • (1991) Studies in Comparative Communism , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 114-123
    • Zang, X.1
  • 380
    • 34248272663 scopus 로고
    • Professionalism and the Leadership Transition in the Post-Mao Chinese Army
    • Zang , Xiaowei. 1991c. "Professionalism and the Leadership Transition in the Post-Mao Chinese Army," Journal of Northeast Asian Studies 13/3: pp. 46-60.
    • (1991) Journal of Northeast Asian Studies , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 46-60
    • Zang, X.1
  • 381
    • 0009178638 scopus 로고
    • The Fourteenth Central Committee of the CCP
    • Zang , Xiaowei. 1993. "The Fourteenth Central Committee of the CCP," Asian Survey 33/8: pp. 787-803.
    • (1993) Asian Survey , vol.33 , Issue.8 , pp. 787-803
    • Zang, X.1
  • 382
    • 0032383753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elite Transformation and Recruitment in Post-Mao China
    • Zang , Xiaowei. 1998a. "Elite Transformation and Recruitment in Post-Mao China," Journal of Political and Military Sociology 26/1: pp. 39-57.
    • (1998) Journal of Political and Military Sociology , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-57
    • Zang, X.1
  • 383
    • 0031721376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic Representation in the Current Chinese Leadership
    • Zang , Xiaowei. 1998b. "Ethnic Representation in the Current Chinese Leadership," The China Quarterly 153: pp. 107-127.
    • (1998) The China Quarterly , vol.153 , pp. 107-127
    • Zang, X.1
  • 386
    • 84906590174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women and Elite Recruitment in China
    • Zang , Xiaowei. 2000b. "Women and Elite Recruitment in China," New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 2/2: pp. 7-23.
    • (2000) New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 7-23
    • Zang, X.1
  • 387
    • 0011111132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University Education, Party Seniority, and Elite Recruitment in China
    • Zang , Xiaowei. 2001a. "University Education, Party Seniority, and Elite Recruitment in China," Social Science Research 30/1: pp. 62-75.
    • (2001) Social Science Research , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-75
    • Zang, X.1
  • 388
    • 25444508241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elite Dualism, Educational Credentials, and Elite Stratification in China
    • Zang , Xiaowei. 2001b. "Elite Dualism, Educational Credentials, and Elite Stratification in China," Sociological Perspectives 44/2: pp. 189-205.
    • (2001) Sociological Perspectives , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-205
    • Zang, X.1
  • 389
    • 85047684441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labor Market Segmentation and Income Inequality in Urban China
    • 2002
    • Zang , Xiaowei. 2002. "Labor Market Segmentation and Income Inequality in Urban China," The Sociological Quarterly 43/1 (2002), pp. 27-44.
    • (2002) The Sociological Quarterly , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-44
    • Zang, X.1
  • 393
    • 84906604472 scopus 로고
    • On the Separation of Party and Government
    • 26 November 1987, FBIS 27 November
    • Zhao Ziyang. 1987. "On the Separation of Party and Government," Xinhua 26 November, FBIS 27 November 1987: pp. 13-16.
    • (1987) Xinhua , pp. 13-16
    • Zhao, Z.1
  • 396
    • 84970313179 scopus 로고
    • "Partial Reform and the Chinese Bureaucracy in the Post-Mao Era,"
    • Zhou, Xueguang. 1995. "Partial Reform and the Chinese Bureaucracy in the Post-Mao Era," Comparative Political Studies 28/3: pp. 440-468.
    • (1995) Comparative Political Studies , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 440-468
    • Zhou, X.1
  • 397
    • 0033632438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic Transformation and Income Inequality in Urban China: Evidence from Panel Data
    • Zhou , Xueguang. 2000. "Economic Transformation and Income Inequality in Urban China: Evidence from Panel Data," American Journal of Sociology 105/4: pp. 1135-1174 .
    • (2000) American Journal of Sociology , vol.105 , Issue.4 , pp. 1135-1174
    • Zhou, X.1
  • 398
    • 0035641831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political Dynamics and Bureaucratic Career Patterns in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1994
    • Zhou , Xueguang. 2001. "Political Dynamics and Bureaucratic Career Patterns in the People's Republic of China, 1949-1994," Comparative Political Studies 34/9: pp. 1,036-1,062.
    • (2001) Comparative Political Studies , vol.34 , Issue.9
    • Zhou, X.1
  • 399
    • 0030446189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratification Dynamics under State Socialism: The Case of Urban China
    • Zhou , Xueguang , Tuma , Nancy Brandon and Moen , Phyllis . 1996. "Stratification Dynamics under State Socialism: The Case of Urban China," Social Forces 74/3: pp. 759-796.
    • (1996) Social Forces , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 759-796
    • Zhou, X.1    Tuma, N.B.2    Phyllis, M.3
  • 400
    • 0031446725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutional Change and Job-Shift Patterns in Urban China, 1949 to 1994
    • Zhou , Xueguang , Tuma , Nancy Brandon and Moen , Phyllis . 1997. "Institutional Change and Job-Shift Patterns in Urban China, 1949 to 1994," American Sociological Review 62/3: pp. 339-365.
    • (1997) American Sociological Review , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 339-365
    • Zhou, X.1    Tuma, N.B.2    Phyllis, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.