메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 698-727

Perceived Gender and Racial/Ethnic Barriers to STEM Success

Author keywords

academic success; discrimination; high school programs; microaggressions; racism; science; social minority; stereotypes

Indexed keywords


EID: 84905666117     PISSN: 00420859     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0042085913481364     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (150)

References (76)
  • 3
    • 0003526335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (2nd ed.). Cary, NC: SAS Institute Incorporated.;, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Incorporated
    • Allison P. D.Logistic regression using SAS: Theory and application. 2012). Logistic regression using SAS: Theory and application (2nd ed.). Cary, NC: SAS Institute Incorporated.Cary, NC: SAS Institute Incorporated; 2012:.
    • (2012) Logistic Regression Using SAS: Theory and Application
    • Allison, P.D.1
  • 4
    • 84899962861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strengthening the science and mathematics pipeline for a better America
    • Strengthening the science and mathematics pipeline for a better America.Policy Matters. 2005;2:1-4.
    • (2005) Policy Matters , vol.2 , pp. 1-4
  • 5
    • 77951542328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is science me? High school students' identities, participation and aspirations in science, engineering, and medicine
    • Aschbacher P. R.,Roth E. J.Is science me? High school students' identities, participation and aspirations in science, engineering, and medicine.Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 2010;47:564-582.
    • (2010) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.47 , pp. 564-582
    • Aschbacher, P.R.1    Roth, E.J.2
  • 6
    • 84861175714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of microaggressions with alcohol use and anxiety among ethnic minority college students in a historically White institution
    • Blume A. W.,Lovato L. V.,Thyken B. N.,Denny N.The relationship of microaggressions with alcohol use and anxiety among ethnic minority college students in a historically White institution.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. 2012;18:45-54.
    • (2012) Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 45-54
    • Blume, A.W.1    Lovato, L.V.2    Thyken, B.N.3    Denny, N.4
  • 8
    • 1342263878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transformation of gender role attitudes: Socialization, social-structural change, or ideological learning?
    • Brooks C.,Bolzendahl C.The transformation of gender role attitudes: Socialization, social-structural change, or ideological learning?.Social Science Research. 2004;33:106-133.
    • (2004) Social Science Research , vol.33 , pp. 106-133
    • Brooks, C.1    Bolzendahl, C.2
  • 9
    • 79952597235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and gender in late childhood and early adolescence: Group identity and awareness of bias
    • Brown C. S.,Alabi B. O.,Huynh V. W.,Masten C. L.Ethnicity and gender in late childhood and early adolescence: Group identity and awareness of bias.Developmental Psychology. 2011;47:463-471.
    • (2011) Developmental Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 463-471
    • Brown, C.S.1    Alabi, B.O.2    Huynh, V.W.3    Masten, C.L.4
  • 10
    • 34547871548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bringing female scientists into the elementary classroom: Confronting the strength of elementary students' stereotypical images of scientists
    • Buck G. A.,Leslie-Pelecky D.,Kirby S. K.Bringing female scientists into the elementary classroom: Confronting the strength of elementary students' stereotypical images of scientists.Journal of Elementary Science Education. 2002;14:1-9.
    • (2002) Journal of Elementary Science Education , vol.14 , pp. 1-9
    • Buck, G.A.1    Leslie-Pelecky, D.2    Kirby, S.K.3
  • 11
    • 38549127885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social risk and protective factors for African American children's academic achievement and adjustment during the transition to middle school
    • Burchinal M. R.,Roberts J. E.,Zeisel S. A.,Rowley S. J.Social risk and protective factors for African American children's academic achievement and adjustment during the transition to middle school.Developmental Psychology. 2008;44:286-292.
    • (2008) Developmental Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 286-292
    • Burchinal, M.R.1    Roberts, J.E.2    Zeisel, S.A.3    Rowley, S.J.4
  • 13
    • 60149107860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women's underrepresentation in science: Sociocultural and biological considerations
    • Ceci S. J.,Williams W. M.,Barnett S. M.Women's underrepresentation in science: Sociocultural and biological considerations.Psychological Bulletin. 2009;135:218-261.
    • (2009) Psychological Bulletin , vol.135 , pp. 218-261
    • Ceci, S.J.1    Williams, W.M.2    Barnett, S.M.3
  • 15
    • 0036537556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian and Pacific Islander women scientists and engineers: A narrative exploration of model minority, gender, and racial stereotypes
    • Chinn P. W. U.Asian and Pacific Islander women scientists and engineers: A narrative exploration of model minority, gender, and racial stereotypes.Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 2002;39:302-323.
    • (2002) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.39 , pp. 302-323
    • Chinn, P.W.U.1
  • 16
    • 84905670810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congressional Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering and Technology Development (CAWMSET). Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation. Retrieved from
    • Congressional Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering and Technology Development (CAWMSET). (2000). Land of plenty: Diversity as America's competitive edge in science, engineering and technology. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2000/cawmset0409/cawmset_0409.pdf.
    • (2000) Land of plenty: Diversity as America's competitive edge in science, engineering and technology
  • 18
    • 0000648643 scopus 로고
    • The stages of Black identity development: Nigrescence models
    • In JonesR. L. (Ed.), (3rd ed). Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry Publishers.Jones R. L., ed. Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry Publishers
    • Cross W. E.,Parham T. A.,Helms J. E.Black psychology. 1991). The stages of Black identity development: Nigrescence models. In JonesR. L. (Ed.), Black psychology (3rd ed., pp. 319-338). Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry Publishers.Jones R. L., ed. Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry Publishers; 1991:319-338.
    • (1991) Black Psychology , pp. 319-338
    • Cross, W.E.1    Parham, T.A.2    Helms, J.E.3
  • 20
    • 33748423521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity as a social context for the development of African American adolescents
    • Eccles J. S.,Wong C. A.,Peck S. C.Ethnicity as a social context for the development of African American adolescents.Journal of School Psychology. 2006;44:407-426.
    • (2006) Journal of School Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 407-426
    • Eccles, J.S.1    Wong, C.A.2    Peck, S.C.3
  • 21
    • 16344376714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradigms, praxis, problems, and promise: Grounded theory in counseling psychology research
    • Fassinger R. E.Paradigms, praxis, problems, and promise: Grounded theory in counseling psychology research.Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2005;52:156-166.
    • (2005) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 156-166
    • Fassinger, R.E.1
  • 23
    • 39449136821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another look at the achievement gap: Learning from the experiences of gifted Black students
    • Ford D. Y.,Grantham T. C.,Whiting G. W.Another look at the achievement gap: Learning from the experiences of gifted Black students.Urban Education. 2008;43:216-239.
    • (2008) Urban Education , vol.43 , pp. 216-239
    • Ford, D.Y.1    Grantham, T.C.2    Whiting, G.W.3
  • 24
    • 0344467232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving adolescents' standardized test performance: An intervention to reduce the effects of stereotype threat
    • Good C.,Aronson J.,Inzlicht M.Improving adolescents' standardized test performance: An intervention to reduce the effects of stereotype threat.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 2003;24:645-662.
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 645-662
    • Good, C.1    Aronson, J.2    Inzlicht, M.3
  • 25
    • 0001238505 scopus 로고
    • Brown D.Brooks L., ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass
    • Gottfredson L. S.Career choice and development. Brown D.Brooks L., ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1994:179-232.
    • (1994) Career Choice and Development , pp. 179-232
    • Gottfredson, L.S.1
  • 26
    • 33751405733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success in science among young African American women: The role of minority families
    • Hanson S. L.Success in science among young African American women: The role of minority families.Journal of Family Issues. 2007;28:3-33.
    • (2007) Journal of Family Issues , vol.28 , pp. 3-33
    • Hanson, S.L.1
  • 27
    • 38349128860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How undergraduate engineering students perceive women's (and men's) problems in science, math and engineering
    • Hartman H.,Hartman M.How undergraduate engineering students perceive women's (and men's) problems in science, math and engineering.Sex Roles. 2008;58:251-265.
    • (2008) Sex Roles , vol.58 , pp. 251-265
    • Hartman, H.1    Hartman, M.2
  • 29
    • 0002417844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociological perspective on work and career development
    • In BrownD.BrooksL. (Eds.), (3rd ed). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Brown D.Brooks L., ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass
    • Hotchkiss L.,Borow H.Career choice and development. 1996). Sociological perspective on work and career development. In BrownD.BrooksL. (Eds.), Career choice and development (3rd ed., pp. 281-336). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Brown D.Brooks L., ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1996:281-336.
    • (1996) Career Choice and Development , pp. 281-336
    • Hotchkiss, L.1    Borow, H.2
  • 30
    • 84862171764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic microaggressions and the depressive and somatic symptoms of Latino and Asian American adolescents
    • Huynh V. W.Ethnic microaggressions and the depressive and somatic symptoms of Latino and Asian American adolescents.Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2012;41:831-846.
    • (2012) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.41 , pp. 831-846
    • Huynh, V.W.1
  • 31
    • 84863405969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the effects of stereotype threat and stereotype lift on men and women's performance in mathematics
    • Johnson H. J.,Barnard-Brak L.,Saxon T. F.,Johnson M. K.An experimental study of the effects of stereotype threat and stereotype lift on men and women's performance in mathematics.Journal of Experimental Education. 2012;80:137-149.
    • (2012) Journal of Experimental Education , vol.80 , pp. 137-149
    • Johnson, H.J.1    Barnard-Brak, L.2    Saxon, T.F.3    Johnson, M.K.4
  • 32
    • 34250019993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotype threat in classroom settings: The interactive effect of domain identification, task difficulty and stereotype threat on female students' maths performance
    • Keller J.Stereotype threat in classroom settings: The interactive effect of domain identification, task difficulty and stereotype threat on female students' maths performance.British Journal of Educational Psychology. 2007;77:323-338.
    • (2007) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 323-338
    • Keller, J.1
  • 33
    • 0037217198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotype threat in the classroom: Dejection mediates the disrupting threat effect on women's math performance
    • Keller J.,Dauenheimer D.Stereotype threat in the classroom: Dejection mediates the disrupting threat effect on women's math performance.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2003;29:371-381.
    • (2003) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.29 , pp. 371-381
    • Keller, J.1    Dauenheimer, D.2
  • 34
    • 37848999463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of stereotypes on the achievement gap: Reexamining the academic performance of African American high school students
    • Kellow J. T.,Jones B. D.The effects of stereotypes on the achievement gap: Reexamining the academic performance of African American high school students.Journal of Black Psychology. 2008;34:94-120.
    • (2008) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 94-120
    • Kellow, J.T.1    Jones, B.D.2
  • 36
    • 43749105560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived experiences with sexism among adolescent girls
    • Leaper C.,Brown C. S.Perceived experiences with sexism among adolescent girls.Child Development. 2008;79:685-704.
    • (2008) Child Development , vol.79 , pp. 685-704
    • Leaper, C.1    Brown, C.S.2
  • 37
    • 0036810769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More than ability: Gender and personal relationships influence science and technology involvement
    • Lee J. D.More than ability: Gender and personal relationships influence science and technology involvement.Sociology of Education. 2002;75:349-373.
    • (2002) Sociology of Education , vol.75 , pp. 349-373
    • Lee, J.D.1
  • 39
    • 14644407384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We can do it: The interplay of construal orientation and social comparisons under threat
    • Marx D. M.,Stapel D. A.,Muller D.We can do it: The interplay of construal orientation and social comparisons under threat.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2005;88:432-446.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 432-446
    • Marx, D.M.1    Stapel, D.A.2    Muller, D.3
  • 40
    • 0001582290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in motivation and strategy use in science: Are girls rote learners?
    • Meece J. L.,Jones M. G.Gender differences in motivation and strategy use in science: Are girls rote learners?.Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 1996;33:393-406.
    • (1996) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.33 , pp. 393-406
    • Meece, J.L.1    Jones, M.G.2
  • 42
    • 34748872004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling threat: How situational cues affect women in math, science, and engineering settings
    • Murphy M. C.,Steele C. M.,Gross J. J.Signaling threat: How situational cues affect women in math, science, and engineering settings.Psychological Science. 2007;18:879-885.
    • (2007) Psychological Science , vol.18 , pp. 879-885
    • Murphy, M.C.1    Steele, C.M.2    Gross, J.J.3
  • 43
    • 79551636983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vocational Anticipatory Socialization (VAS): A communicative model of adolescents' interests in STEM
    • Myers K. K.,Jahn J. L. S.,Gailliard B. M.,Stoltzfus K.Vocational Anticipatory Socialization (VAS): A communicative model of adolescents' interests in STEM.Management Communication Quarterly. 2011;25:87-120.
    • (2011) Management Communication Quarterly , vol.25 , pp. 87-120
    • Myers, K.K.1    Jahn, J.L.S.2    Gailliard, B.M.3    Stoltzfus, K.4
  • 45
    • 84905671167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Science Foundation. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2000-2008. Retrieved from
    • National Science Foundation. (2010). Division of Science Resources Statistics, special tabulations of U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, 2000-2008. Retrieved from https://surveys.nces.ed.gov/ipeds/.
    • (2010) Division of Science Resources Statistics, special tabulations of U.S
  • 46
    • 80054844295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Science Foundation. Special Report NSF 11-309. Arlington, VA: Author. Retrieved from
    • National Science Foundation (2011). Women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering: 2011. Special Report NSF 11-309. Arlington, VA: Author. Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/wmpd/.
    • (2011) Women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering: 2011
  • 47
    • 33646196842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American adolescents' discrimination experiences and academic achievement: Racial socialization as a cultural compensatory and protective factor
    • Neblett E. W.,Philip C. L.,Cogburn C. D.,Sellers R. M.African American adolescents' discrimination experiences and academic achievement: Racial socialization as a cultural compensatory and protective factor.Journal of Black Psychology. 2006;32:199-218.
    • (2006) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 199-218
    • Neblett, E.W.1    Philip, C.L.2    Cogburn, C.D.3    Sellers, R.M.4
  • 50
    • 0003743782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.;, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE
    • Patton M.Qualitative research & evaluation methods. 2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; 2002:.
    • (2002) Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods
    • Patton, M.1
  • 51
    • 84874310452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female and male adolescents' subjective orientations to mathematics and the influence of those orientations on postsecondary majors
    • Perez-Felkner L.,McDonald S. K.,Schneider B.,Grogan E.Female and male adolescents' subjective orientations to mathematics and the influence of those orientations on postsecondary majors.Developmental Psychology. 2012;48:1658-1673.
    • (2012) Developmental Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 1658-1673
    • Perez-Felkner, L.1    McDonald, S.K.2    Schneider, B.3    Grogan, E.4
  • 53
    • 22844455104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identity formation across cultures: The interaction of personal, societal, and historical change
    • Phinney J. S.Identity formation across cultures: The interaction of personal, societal, and historical change.Human Development. 2000;43:27-31.
    • (2000) Human Development , vol.43 , pp. 27-31
    • Phinney, J.S.1
  • 54
    • 33751062832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The path through math: Course sequences and academic performance at the intersection of race-ethnicity and gender
    • Riegle-Crumb C.The path through math: Course sequences and academic performance at the intersection of race-ethnicity and gender.American Journal of Education. 2006;113:101-122.
    • (2006) American Journal of Education , vol.113 , pp. 101-122
    • Riegle-Crumb, C.1
  • 55
    • 33646199009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial identity matters: The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African American adolescents
    • Sellers R. M.,Copeland-Linder N.,Martin P. P.,L'Heureux Lewis R.Racial identity matters: The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African American adolescents.Journal of Research on Adolescence. 2006;16:187-216.
    • (2006) Journal of Research on Adolescence , vol.16 , pp. 187-216
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Copeland-Linder, N.2    Martin, P.P.3    L'Heureux Lewis, R.4
  • 56
    • 31644437984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Math and science motivation: A longitudinal examination of the links between choices and beliefs
    • Simpkins S.,Davis-Kean P.,Eccles J.Math and science motivation: A longitudinal examination of the links between choices and beliefs.Developmental Psychology. 2006;42:70-83.
    • (2006) Developmental Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 70-83
    • Simpkins, S.1    Davis-Kean, P.2    Eccles, J.3
  • 57
    • 84866088889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connecting teacher efficacy beliefs in promoting resilience to support of Latino students
    • Sosa T.,Gomez K.Connecting teacher efficacy beliefs in promoting resilience to support of Latino students.Urban Education. 2012;47:876-909.
    • (2012) Urban Education , vol.47 , pp. 876-909
    • Sosa, T.1    Gomez, K.2
  • 58
    • 0029411777 scopus 로고
    • Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans
    • Steele C. M.,Aronson J.Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995;69:797-811.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 797-811
    • Steele, C.M.1    Aronson, J.2
  • 59
    • 0036004923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning in a man's world: Examining the perceptions of undergraduate women in male-dominated academic areas
    • Steele J.,James J. B.,Barnett R. C.Learning in a man's world: Examining the perceptions of undergraduate women in male-dominated academic areas.Psychology of Women Quarterly. 2002;26:46-50.
    • (2002) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.26 , pp. 46-50
    • Steele, J.1    James, J.B.2    Barnett, R.C.3
  • 64
    • 84860488679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in preferences for matched-ethnic mentors among high-achieving ethnically diverse adolescents in STEM
    • Syed M.,Goza B. K.,Chemers M. M.,Zurbriggen E. L.Individual differences in preferences for matched-ethnic mentors among high-achieving ethnically diverse adolescents in STEM.Child Development. 2012;83:896-910.
    • (2012) Child Development , vol.83 , pp. 896-910
    • Syed, M.1    Goza, B.K.2    Chemers, M.M.3    Zurbriggen, E.L.4
  • 66
    • 0006212745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Model Minority thesis revisited: (Counter)evidence from the science and engineering fields
    • Tang J.The Model Minority thesis revisited: (Counter)evidence from the science and engineering fields.Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. 1997;33:291-315.
    • (1997) Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , vol.33 , pp. 291-315
    • Tang, J.1
  • 67
    • 84862123041 scopus 로고
    • Teaching White students about racism: The search for White allies and the restoration of hope
    • Tatum B. D.Teaching White students about racism: The search for White allies and the restoration of hope.Teachers College Record. 1994;95:462-476.
    • (1994) Teachers College Record , vol.95 , pp. 462-476
    • Tatum, B.D.1
  • 68
    • 78651296668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial microaggressions and psychological functioning among highly achieving African Americans: A mixed-methods approach
    • Torres L.,Driscoll M. W.,Burrow A. L.Racial microaggressions and psychological functioning among highly achieving African Americans: A mixed-methods approach.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2010;29:1074-1099.
    • (2010) Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 1074-1099
    • Torres, L.1    Driscoll, M.W.2    Burrow, A.L.3
  • 69
    • 68149151081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pathways: High school science and math coursework and postsecondary degree attainment
    • Tyson W.,Lee R.,Borman K. M.,Hanson M. A.Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pathways: High school science and math coursework and postsecondary degree attainment.Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR). 2007;12:243-270.
    • (2007) Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) , vol.12 , pp. 243-270
    • Tyson, W.1    Lee, R.2    Borman, K.M.3    Hanson, M.A.4
  • 70
    • 84905652522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of the Sciences. Retrieved from
    • University of the Sciences. (2012). Minorities represent largest sector not interested in pursuing STEM careers [Press Release]. Retrieved from http://www.usciences.edu/newsEvents/newsDetails.aspx?Channel=%2FChannels%2FAdmissions%2FAdmissions+Content&WorkflowItemID=61a1f646-130e-4372-afe0-a60e61b9a359.
    • (2012) Minorities represent largest sector not interested in pursuing STEM careers [Press Release]
  • 71
    • 2442612788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young women's science/mathematics career goals from seventh grade to high school graduation
    • VanLeuvan P.Young women's science/mathematics career goals from seventh grade to high school graduation.Journal of Educational Research. 2004;97:248-267.
    • (2004) Journal of Educational Research , vol.97 , pp. 248-267
    • VanLeuvan, P.1
  • 72
    • 48549101071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender issues in technology use: Perceived social support, computer self-efficacy and value beliefs, and computer use beyond school
    • Vekiri I.,Chronaki A.Gender issues in technology use: Perceived social support, computer self-efficacy and value beliefs, and computer use beyond school.Computers & Education. 2008;51:1392-1404.
    • (2008) Computers & Education , vol.51 , pp. 1392-1404
    • Vekiri, I.1    Chronaki, A.2
  • 73
    • 80055098019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When the seemingly innocuous "stings:" Racial microaggressions and their emotional consequences
    • Wang J.,Leu J.,Shoda Y.When the seemingly innocuous "stings:" Racial microaggressions and their emotional consequences.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2011;37:1666-1678.
    • (2011) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.37 , pp. 1666-1678
    • Wang, J.1    Leu, J.2    Shoda, Y.3
  • 75
    • 0029951679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerable but invincible: High risk children from birth to adulthood
    • Werner E. E.Vulnerable but invincible: High risk children from birth to adulthood.European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996;5:47-51.
    • (1996) European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , vol.5 , pp. 47-51
    • Werner, E.E.1
  • 76
    • 68049105396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience and marginalized youth: Making a case for personal and collective meaning-making as part of resilience research in public health
    • Wexler L. M.,DiFluvio G.,Burke T. K.Resilience and marginalized youth: Making a case for personal and collective meaning-making as part of resilience research in public health.Social Science & Medicine. 2009;69:565-570.
    • (2009) Social Science & Medicine , vol.69 , pp. 565-570
    • Wexler, L.M.1    DiFluvio, G.2    Burke, T.K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.