Update on infections and vaccinations in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

Volumn 26, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 528-537

  Pasoto, Sandra G ^a   Ribeiro, Ana C M ^a   Bonfa, Eloisa ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

immunization; infection; Sj gren's syndrome; systemic lupus erythematosus; vaccination

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; AZATHIOPRINE; BCG VACCINE; BELIMUMAB; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CALGRANULIN A; CALGRANULIN B; CEVIMELINE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DIPHTHERIA TETANUS VACCINE; GANCICLOVIR; GLUCOCORTICOID; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INACTIVATED VACCINE; INFLUENZA VACCINE; MENINGOCOCCUS VACCINE; METHOTREXATE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PILOCARPINE; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; PREDNISONE; PROCALCITONIN; RITUXIMAB; UNINDEXED DRUG; VARICELLA ZOSTER VACCINE; WART VIRUS VACCINE;

AUTOIMMUNITY; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HERPES ZOSTER; HUMAN; HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; INFLUENZA; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; MICROFLORA; MORTALITY; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROVIRUS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SJOEGREN SYNDROME; STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; THRUSH; VACCINATION; VIRUS INFECTION; COMPLICATION; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOLOGY; INFECTION CONTROL; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; PARVOVIRUS INFECTION; PATHOGENICITY; PROCEDURES; SJOGREN'S SYNDROME;

ANTIMALARIALS; AUTOIMMUNITY; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS; ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS; HEPATITIS C; HUMANS; INFECTION; INFECTION CONTROL; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; PARVOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; PARVOVIRUS B19, HUMAN; SJOGREN'S SYNDROME; VACCINATION; VACCINES, INACTIVATED;

EID: 84905493628     PISSN: 10408711     EISSN: 15316963     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000084     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Mariette X, Gottenberg JE. Pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome and therapeutic consequences. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2010; 22:471-477.
2. Caza T, Oaks Z, Perl A. Interplay of infections, autoimmunity, and immunosuppression in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Rev Immunol 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
3. Barber C, Gold WL, Fortin PR. Infections in the lupus patient: perspectives on prevention. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2011; 23:358-365.
4. Sciascia S, Cuadrado MJ, Karim MY. Management of infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 27:377-389.
5. Yan Z, Young AL, Hua H, Xu Y. Multiple oral Candida infections in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: prevalence and clinical and drug susceptibility profiles. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:2428-2431.
6. Chang YS, Liu CJ, Ou SM, et al. Tuberculosis infection in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a nationwide population-based study. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33:377-383.
7. Borba EF, Saad CG, Pasoto SG, et al. Influenza A/H1N1 vaccination of patients with SLE: can antimalarial drugs restore diminished response under immunosuppressive therapy? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:1061-1069.
8. Pasoto SG, Ribeiro AC, Viana VS, et al. Short and long-term effects of pandemic unadjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine on clinical manifestations and autoantibody profile in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Vaccine 2013; 31:1793-1798.
9. Draborg AH, Duus K, Houen G. Epstein-Barr virus in systemic autoimmune diseases. Clin Dev Immunol 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
10. Iwakiri D, Zhou L, Samanta M, et al. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA is released from EBV-infected cells and activates signaling from toll-like receptor 3 J Exp Med 2009; 206:2091-2099.
11. Inoue H, Mishima K, Yamamoto-Yoshida S, et al. Aryl hydrocarbon receptormediated induction of EBV reactivation as a risk factor for Sjögren's syndrome. J Immunol 2012; 188:4654-4662.
12. Rigante D, Mazzoni MB, Esposito S. The cryptic interplay between systemic lupus erythematosus and infections. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:96-102.
13. Igoe A, Scofield RH. Autoimmunity and infection in Sjögren's syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2013; 25:480-487.
14. Capone G, Calabrò M, Lucchese G, et al. Peptide matching between Epstein- Barr virus and human proteins. Pathog Dis 2013; 69:205-212.
15. James JA, Robertson JM. Lupus and Epstein-Barr. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2012; 24:383-388.
16. Hanlon P, Avenell A, Aucott L, Vickers MA. Systematic review and metaanalysis of the sero-epidemiological association between Epstein-Barr virus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R3. [Epub ahead of print]
17. Pasoto SG, Natalino RR, Chakkour HP, et al. EBV reactivation serological profile in primary Sjögren's syndrome: an underlying trigger of active articular involvement? Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:1149-1157.
18. Kivity S, Arango MT, Ehrenfeld M, et al. Infection and autoimmunity in Sjögren's syndrome: a clinical study and comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2014; 51:17-22.
19. Drozdzik A, Dziedziejko V, Kurzawski M. IL-1 and TNF-a regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression in HSY human salivary cells. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:434-439.
20. Mohamed AE, Hasen AM, Mohammed GF, Elmaraghy NN. Real-time PCR of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in adult Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Rheum Dis 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
21. Perl A, Fernandez D, Telarico T, Phillips PE. Endogenous retroviral pathogenesis in lupus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2010; 22:483-492.
22. Nakkuntod J, Sukkapan P, Avihingsanon Y, et al. DNA methylation of human endogenous retrovirus in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:241-249.
23. Hida A, Imaizumi M, Sera N, et al. Association of human T lymphotropic virus type I with Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:2056-2057.
24. Lee SJ, Lee JS, Shin MG, et al. Detection of HTLV-1 in the labial salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a distinct clinical subgroup? J Rheumatol 2012; 39:809-815.
25. Ramos-Casals M, Muñoz S, Zerón PB. Hepatitis C virus and Sjögren's syndrome: trigger or mimic? Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2008; 34:869-884.
26. Shiboski SC, Shiboski CH, Criswell L, et al., Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) Research Groups. American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome: a data-driven, expert consensus approach in the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance cohort. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64:475-487.
27. de Grossmann M, Teixeira R, Oliveira GC, et al. Xerostomia, hyposalivation and sialadenitis in patients with chronic hepatitis C are not associated with the detection of HCV RNA in saliva or salivary glands. J Clin Pathol 2010; 63:1002-1007.
28. Roughan JE, Reardon KM, Cogburn KE, et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection breaks tolerance and drives polyclonal expansion of autoreactive B cells. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19:1027-1037.
29. Pavlovic M, Kats A, Cavallo M, Shoenfeld Y. Clinical and molecular evidence for association of SLE with parvovirus B19. Lupus 2010; 19:783-792.
30. Szymula A, Rosenthal J, Szczerba BM, et al. T cell epitope mimicry between Sjögren's syndrome antigen A (SSA)/Ro60 and oral, gut, skin and vaginal bacteria. Clin Immunol 2014; 152:1-9.
31. Lin YC, Liang SJ, Liu YH, et al. Tuberculosis as a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a nationwide study in Taiwan. Rheumatol Int 2012; 32:1669-1673.
32. Fei Y, Shi X, Gan F, et al. Death causes and pathogens analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus during the past 26 years. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33:57-63.
33. Yurkovich M, Vostretsova K, Chen W, Aviña-Zubieta JA. Overall and causespecific mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a metaanalysis of observational studies. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:608-616.
34. Mok CC, Kwok CL, Ho LY, et al. Life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios, and causes of death in six rheumatic diseases in Hong Kong, China. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63:1182-1189.
35. Han BK, Bhatia R, Traisak P, et al. Clinical presentations and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with infection admitted to the intensive care unit. Lupus 2013; 22:690-696.
36. Danza A, Ruiz-Irastorza G. Infection risk in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: susceptibility factors and preventive strategies. Lupus 2013; 22:1286-1294.
37. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Olivares N, Ruiz-Arruza I, et al. Predictors of major infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R109.
38. Houssiau FA, D'Cruz D, Sangle S, et al., MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial Group. Azathioprine versus mycophenolate mofetil for long-term immunosuppression in lupus nephritis: results from the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:2083-2089.
39. Dooley MA, Jayne D, Ginzler EM, et al. Mycophenolate versus azathioprine as maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1886-1895.
40. Terrier B, Amoura Z, Ravaud P, et al., Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation. Safety and efficacy of rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from 136 patients from the French autoimmunity and rituximab registry. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62:2458-2466.
41. Díaz-Lagares C, Pérez-Alvarez R, García- Hernández FJ, et al., BIOGEAS Study Group. Rates of, and risk factors for, severe infections in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases receiving biological agents off-label. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R112.
42. Fernández-Nebro A, de la Fuente JL, Carreño L, et al. Multicenter longitudinal study of B-lymphocyte depletion in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus: the LESIMAB study. Lupus 2012; 21:1063-1076.
43. Molloy ES, Calabrese LH. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatic diseases: evolving role of biologic therapies. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64:3043-3051.
44. Furie R, Petri M, Zamani O, et al., BLISS-76 Study Group. A phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of belimumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63:3918-3930.
45. Navarra SV, Guzmán RM, Gallacher AE, et al., BLISS-52 Study Group. Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2011; 377:721-731.
46. Fredericks C, Kvam K, Bear J, et al. A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lupus patient treated with belimumab. Lupus 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
47. Van Assen S, Agmon-Levin N, Elkayam O, et al. EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:414-422.
48. Ramos-Casals M, Cuadrado MJ, Alba P, et al. Acute viral infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: description of 23 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2008; 87:311-318.
49. Martínez-Martínez MU, Herrera-Van Oostdam D, Román-Acosta S, et al. Invasive fungal infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:1814-1818.
50. Prabu V, Agrawal S. Systemic lupus erythematosus and tuberculosis: a review of complex interactions of complicated diseases. J Postgrad Med 2010; 56:244-250.
51. Pasoto SG, Borba EF, Bonfa E, Shinjo SK. Lupus pleuritis: a relevant risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis. Lupus 2010; 19:1585-1590.
52. Chakravarty EF, Michaud K, Katz R, Wolfe F. Increased incidence of herpes zoster among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2013; 22:238-244.
53. Borba EF, Ribeiro AC, Martin P, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of herpes zoster in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Rheumatol 2010; 16:119-122.
54. Chen HH, Chen YM, Chen TJ, et al. Risk of herpes zoster in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a three-year follow-up study using a nationwide population-based cohort. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:1177-1182.
55. Santana IU, Gomes Ado N, Lyrio LD, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus, human papillomavirus infection, cervical pre-malignant and malignant lesions: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol 2011; 30:665-672.
56. Kim HA, Jeon JY, An JM, et al. C-reactive protein is a more sensitive and specific marker for diagnosing bacterial infections in systemic lupus erythematosus compared to S100A8/A9 and procalcitonin. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:728-734.
57. Sciascia S, Ceberio L, Garcia-Fernandez C, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus and infections: clinical importance of conventional and upcoming biomarkers. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:157-163.
58. Lin DF, Yan SM, Zhao Y, et al. Clinical and prognostic characteristics of 573 cases of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010; 123:3252-3257.
59. Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zerón P, Sisó-Almirall A, et al. Topical and systemic medications for the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012; 8:399-411.
60. Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Le Guern V, Kone-Paut I, et al., PGRx Lupus Study Group. The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with vaccines: an international case-control study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1559-1567.
61. Milanovic M, Stojanovich L, Djokovic A, et al. Influenza vaccination in autoimmune rheumatic disease patients. Tohoku J Exp Med 2013; 229:29-34.
62. Csuka D, Czirják L, Hóbor R, et al. Effective humoral immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or myasthenia gravis. Mol Immunol 2013; 54:453-456.
63. Slade BA, Leidel L, Vellozzi C, et al. Postlicensure safety surveillance for quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine. JAMA 2009; 302: 750-757.
64. Gatto M, Agmon-Levin N, Soriano A, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccine and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32:1301-1307.
65. Arnheim-Dahlström L, Pasternak B, Svanström H, et al. Autoimmune, neurological, and venous thromboembolic adverse events after immunisation of adolescent girls with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in Denmark and Sweden: cohort study. BMJ 2013; 347:f5906.
66. Gee J, Naleway A, Shui I, et al. Monitoring the safety of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: findings from the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Vaccine 2011; 29:8279-8884.
67. Mok CC, Ho LY, Fong LS, To CH. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:659-664.
68. Guthridge JM, Cogman A, Merrill JT, et al. Herpes zoster vaccination in SLE: a pilot study of immunogenicity. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:1875-1880.
69. Vananuvat P, Suwannalai P, Sungkanuparph S, et al. Primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011; 41:497-502.