Advances in calcium phosphate coatings - Anodic spark deposition: A review

Frontiers in Bioscience - Landmark

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 475-489

  Calvert, Kayla L ^a   Desai, Tejal ^a   Webster, Thomas J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Brown University   (United States)

Author keywords

Anodic spark deposition; Anodization; Calcium phosphate; High voltage; Hydroxyapatite; Review; Titanium

Indexed keywords

BIOMATERIAL; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE;

ELECTRODE; HUMAN; REVIEW; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

CALCIUM PHOSPHATES; COATED MATERIALS, BIOCOMPATIBLE; ELECTRODES; HUMANS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING;

EID: 84904316775     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/4219     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. G. S. Leventhal: Titanium, a metal for surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 33(2), 473-474 (1951).
2. S. G. Steinemann: Titanium - the material of choice? Periodontology 2000, 17(1), 7-21 (1998)
3. T. Albrektsson, P. I. Brånemark, H. A. Hansson, B. Kasemo, K. Larsson, I. Lundström, D. McQueen and R. Skalak: The interface zone of inorganic implants in vivo: Titanium implants in bone. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 11(1), 1-27 (1983)
4. B. Kasemo: Biocompatibility of titanium implants: surface science aspects. J Prosthet Dent, 49(6), 832-837 (1983)
5. Y. Nakasato and J. Takebe: Analysis of Thin Hydroxyapatite Layers Formed on Anodic Oxide Titanium after Hydrothermal Treatment in Rat Bone Marrow Cell Culture. Prosthodontic Research & Practice, 4(1), 32-41 (2005)
6. B. Ercan and T. J. Webster: Greater osteoblast proliferation on anodized nanotubular titanium upon electrical stimulation. Int J Nanomedicine, 34(4), 477-486 (2008)
7. C. Stanford and J. Keller: The Concept of Osseointegration and Bone Matrix Expression. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 2, 83-101 (1991)
8. T. Albrektsson and A. Wennerberg: Oral Implant Surfaces: Part 1 - Review Focusing on Topographic and Chemical Properties of Different Surfaces and In vivo Responses to them Int J Prosthodont, 17(5), 536-543 (2004)
9. R. Van Noort: Titanium: The implant material of today. Journal of Materials Science, 22(11), 3801-3811 (1987)
10. D. Velten, V. Biehl, F. Aubertin, B. Valeske, W. Possart and J. Breme: Preparation of TiO2 layers on cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V by thermal and anodic oxidation and by solgel coating techniques and their characterization. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 59(1), 18-28 (2002)
11. L.-H. Li, Y.-M. Kong, H.-W. Kim, Y.-W. Kim, H.-E. Kim, S.-J. Heo and J.-Y. Koak: Improved biological performance of Ti implants due to surface modification by micro-arc oxidation. Biomaterials, 25(14), 2867-2875 (2004)
12. B. Kasemo and J. Lausmaa: Biomaterial and Implant Surfaces: A Surface Science Approach The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 3(4), 247-259 (1988)
13. N. K. Kuromoto, R. A. Simão and G. A. Soares: Titanium oxide films produced on commercially pure titanium by anodic oxidation with different voltages. Materials Characterization, 58(2), 114-121 (2007)
14. C. Sittig, M. Textor, N. D. Spencer, M. Wieland and P. H. Vallotton: Surface characterization. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 10(1), 35-46 (1999)
15. R. Chiesa, E. Sandrini, M. Santin, A. Rondelli and A. Cigada: Osteointegration of titanium and its alloys by anodic spark deposition and other electrochemical techniques: A review. Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics, 1, 91-107 (2003)
16. H.-W. Kim, Y.-H. Koh, L.-H. Li, S. Lee and H.-E. Kim: Hydroxyapatite coating on titanium substrate with titania buffer layer processed by sol-gel method. Biomaterials, 25(13), 2533-2538 (2004)
17. X. Zhu, J. L. Ong, S. Kim and K. Kim: Surface characteristics and structure of anodic oxide films containing Ca and P on a titanium implant material. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 60(2), 333-338 (2002)
18. Y.-T. Sul, C. B. Johansson, S. Petronis, A. Krozer, Y. Jeong, A. Wennerberg and T. Albrektsson: Characteristics of the surface oxides on turned and electrochemically oxidized pure titanium implants up to dielectric breakdown: : the oxide thickness, micropore configurations, surface roughness, crystal structure and chemical composition. Biomaterials, 23(2), 491-501 (2002)
19. X. Zhu, K.-H. Kim and Y. Jeong: Anodic oxide films containing Ca and P of titanium biomaterial. Biomaterials, 22(16), 2199-2206 (2001)
20. K. Popat, L. Leoni, C. Grimes and T. Desai: Influence of engineered titania nanotubular surfaces on bone cells. Biomaterials, 28(21), 3188-3197 (2007)
21. H. Ishizawa and M. Ogino: Characterization of thin hydroxyapatite layers formed on anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P by hydrothermal treatment. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 29(9), 1071-1079 (1995)
22. H. Ishizawa, M. Fujino and M. Ogino: Mechanical and histological investigation of hydrothermally treated and untreated anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 29(11), 1459-1468 (1995)
23. J. Takebe, S. Itoh, T. Ariake, H. Shioji, T. Shioyama, K. Ishibashi and H. Ishizawa: The effect on immunocytes of anodic oxide titanium after hydrothermal treatment. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 42(2), 272-277 (1998)
24. J. Takebe, S. Itoh, J. Okada and K. Ishibashi: Anodic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment of titanium results in a surface that causes increased attachment and altered cytoskeletal morphology of rat bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 51(3), 398-407 (2000)
25. G. Giavaresi, M. Fini, A. Cigada, R. Chiesa, G. Rondelli, L. Rimondini, P. Torricelli, N. N. Aldini and R. Giardino: Mechanical and histomorphometric evaluations of titanium implants with different surface treatments inserted in sheep cortical bone. Biomaterials, 24(9), 1583-1594 (2003)
26. L.-H. Li, H.-W. Kim, S.-H. Lee, Y.-M. Kong and H.-E. Kim: Biocompatibility of titanium implants modified by microarc oxidation and hydroxyapatite coating. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 73A(1), 48-54 (2005)
27. F. Brossa, A. Cigada, R. Chiesa, L. Paracchini and C. Consonni: Adhesion properties of plasma sprayed hydroxylapatite coatings for orthopaedic prostheses. Biomed Mater Eng, 3(3), 127-138 (1993)
28. L. Sun, C. C. Berndt, K. A. Gross and A. Kucuk: Material fundamentals and clinical performance of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings: A review. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 58(5), 570-592 (2001)
29. C. Yu-Liang, D. Lew, J. B. Park and J. C. Keller: Biomechanical and morphometric analysis of hydroxyapatite-coated implants with varying crystallinity. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 57(9), 1096-1108 (1999)
30. J. P. Schreckenbach, G. Marx, F. Schlottig, M. Textor and N. D. Spencer: Characterization of anodic spark-converted titanium surfaces for biomedical applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 10(8), 453-457 (1999)
31. A. Arvidsson, F. Currie, P. Kjellin, Y.-T. Sul and V. Stenport: Nucleation and growth of calcium phosphates in the presence of fibrinogen on titanium implants with four potentially bioactive surface preparations. An in vitro study. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 20(9), 1869-1879 (2009)
32. E. De Angelis, F. Ravanetti, A. Cacchioli, A. Corradi, C. Giordano, G. Candiani, R. Chiesa, C. Gabbi and P. Borghetti: Attachment, proliferation and osteogenic response of osteoblast-like cells cultured on titanium treated by a novel multiphase anodic spark deposition process. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 88B(1), 280-289 (2009)
33. G. Giavaresi, M. Fini, R. Chiesa, C. Giordano, E. Sandrini, A. E. Bianchi, P. Ceribelli and R. Giardino: A novel multiphase anodic spark deposition coating for the improvement of orthopedic implant osseointegration: An experimental study in cortical bone of sheep. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 85A(4), 1022-1031 (2008)
34. B. Yang, M. Uchida, H.-M. Kim, X. Zhang and T. Kokubo: Preparation of bioactive titanium metal via anodic oxidation treatment. Biomaterials, 25(6), 1003-1010 (2004)
35. B. Del Curto, M. F. Brunella, C. Giordano, M. P. Pedeferri, V. Valtulina, L. Visai and A. Cigada: Decreased bacterial adhesion to surface-treated titanium. The International journal of artificial organs, 28(7), 718-30 (2005)
36. J. Takebe, S. Ito, C. M. Champagne, L. F. Cooper and K. Ishibashi: Anodic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment of commercially pure titanium surfaces increases expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the adherent macrophage cell line J774A.1. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 80A(3), 711-718 (2007)
37. W. Ma, J.-H. Wei, Y.-Z. Li, X.-M. Wang, H.-Y. Shi, S. Tsutsumi and D.-H. Li: Histological evaluation and surface componential analysis of modified micro-arc oxidation-treated titanium implants. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 86B(1), 162-169 (2008)
38. R. N. Kim KH: Electrochemical surface modification of titanium in dentistry. Dent Mater J, 28(1), 20-36 (2009)
39. X. Zhu, J. Chen, L. Scheideler, R. Reichl and J. Geis-Gerstorfer: Effects of topography and composition of titanium surface oxides on osteoblast responses. Biomaterials, 25(18), 4087-4103 (2004)
40. J.-Y. Suh, B.-C. Jang, X. Zhu, J. L. Ong and K. Kim: Effect of hydrothermally treated anodic oxide films on osteoblast attachment and proliferation. Biomaterials, 24(2), 347-355 (2003)
41. E. Sandrini, C. Morris, R. Chiesa, A. Cigada and M. Santin: In vitro assessment of the osteointegrative potential of a novel multiphase anodic spark deposition coating for orthopaedic and dental implants. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 73B(2), 392-399 (2005)
42. E. Sandrini, R. Chiesa, G. Rondelli, M. Santin and A. Cigada: A novel biomimetic treatment for an improved osteointegration of titanium. J Appl Biomater Biomech, 1(1), 33-42 (2003)
43. R. d. L. Franco, R. Chiesa, P. T. d. Oliveira, M. M. Beloti and A. L. Rosa: Bone response to a Ca- and P-enriched titanium surface obtained by anodization. Brazilian Dental Journal, 19, 15-20 (2008)
44. V. M. Frauchiger, F. Schlottig, B. Gasser and M. Textor: Anodic plasma-chemical treatment of CP titanium surfaces for biomedical applications. Biomaterials, 25(4), 593-606 (2004)
45. Y.-T. Sul, C. B. Johansson, Y. Jeong and T. Albrektsson: The electrochemical oxide growth behaviour on titanium in acid and alkaline electrolytes. Medical Engineering & Physics, 23(5), 329-346 (2001)
46. H.-J. Oh, J.-H. Lee, Y. Jeong, Y.-J. Kim and C.-S. Chi: Microstructural characterization of biomedical titanium oxide film fabricated by electrochemical method. Surface and Coatings Technology, 198(1-3), 247-252 (2005)
47. D. Gong, C. Grimes, O. Varghese, W. Hu, R. Singh, Z. Chen and E. Dickey: Titanium oxide nanotube arrays prepared by anodic oxidation. Journal of Materials Research, 16(12), 3331-3334 (2001)
48. S. D. Puckett, E. Taylor, T. Raimondo and T. J. Webster: The relationship between the nanostructure of titanium surfaces and bacterial attachment. Biomaterials, 31(4), 706-713 (2010)
49. B. Ercan and T. J. Webster: The effect of biphasic electrical stimulation on osteoblast function at anodized nanotubular titanium surfaces. Biomaterials, 31(13), 3684-3693 (2010)
50. Y. C. Aninwene G, Webster TJ.: Enhanced osteoblast adhesion to drug-coated anodized nanotubular titanium surfaces. Int J Nanomedicine, 3(2), 257-263 (2008)
51. C. Yao: Anodization: A Promising Nano-Modification Technique of Titanium Implants for Orthopedic Applications. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 6, 2682-2692 (2006)
52. K. Burns, C. Yao and T. J. Webster: Increased chondrocyte adhesion on nanotubular anodized titanium. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 88A(3), 561-568 (2009)
53. S.-H. Oh, R. R. Finõnes, C. Daraio, L.-H. Chen and S. Jin: Growth of nano-scale hydroxyapatite using chemically treated titanium oxide nanotubes. Biomaterials, 26(24), 4938-4943 (2005)
54. E. Balaur, J. M. Macak, L. Taveira and P. Schmuki: Tailoring the wettability of TiO2 nanotube layers. Electrochemistry Communications, 7(10), 1066-1070 (2005)
55. J. Macak, L. Taveira, H. Tsuchiya, K. Sirotna and P. Schmuki: Influence of different fluoride containing electrolytes on the formation of self-organized titania nanotubes by Ti anodization. Journal of Electroceramics, 16(1), 29-34 (2006)
56. Q. Cai, M. Paulose, O. Varghese and C. Grimes: Qingyun Cai, Maggie Paulose, Oomman K. Varghese and Craig A. Grimes (2005). The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Fabrication of Self-Organized Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays by Anodic Oxidation. Journal of Materials Research, 20, pp 230-236
57. Journal of Materials Research, 20(1), 230-236 (2005)
58. S. E. Kim, J. H. Lim, S. C. Lee, S.-C. Nam, H.-G. Kang and J. Choi: Anodically nanostructured titanium oxides for implant applications. Electrochimica Acta, 53(14), 4846-4851 (2008)
59. D. Neuhoff, R. E. Thompson, V. M. Frauchiger, A. Ganser, A. Steiner, E. Diplomate and K. Ito: Anodic Plasma Chemical Treatment of Titanium Schanz Screws Reduces Pin Loosening. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 19(8), 543-550 (2005)
60. P. Kurze, D. Banerjee and H. J. Kletke: Method of producing oxide ceramic layers on barrier layer-forming metals and articles produced by the method. In: Electro Chemical Engineering GmbH (Zug, CH), United States (1995)
61. W.-H. Song, Y.-K. Jun, Y. Han and S.-H. Hong: Biomimetic apatite coatings on micro-arc oxidized titania. Biomaterials, 25(17), 3341-3349 (2004)
62. I. Khlusov, A. Karlov, N. Pozhen'ko, I. Sukhodolo and M. Khlusova: Relationship between osteogenic characteristics of bone marrow cells and calcium phosphate surface relief and solubility. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 141(1), 99-103 (2006)
63. H. Ishizawa and M. Ogino: Formation and characterization of anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 29(1), 65-72 (1995)
64. R. Y. Whitehead, W. R. Lacefield and L. C. Lucas: Structure and integrity of a plasma sprayed hydroxylapatite coating on titanium. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 27(12), 1501-1507 (1993)
65. K.-H. Kim, T.-Y. Kwon, S.-Y. Kim, I.-K. Kang, S. Kim, Y. Yang and J. L. Ong: Preparation and Characterization of Anodized Titanium Surfaces and Their Effect on Osteoblast Responses. Journal of Oral Implantology, 32(1), 8-13 (2006)
66. K. Calvert, K. Trumble, S. Chandrasekar and M. Hoffman: Ultrafine-grained commercially pure titnaium and microstructure response to hydroxyapatite coating methods. Ceramic Transactions, in press (2011)
67. H. Ishizawa and M. Ogino: Hydrothermal precipitation of hydroxyapatite on anodic titanium oxide films containing Ca and P. Journal of Materials Science, 34(23), 5893-5898 (1999)
68. H. M. Kim, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo and T. Nakamura: Effect of heat treatment on apatite-forming ability of Ti metal induced by alkali treatment. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 8(6), 341-347 (1997)
69. T. Kokubo and H. Takadama: How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? Biomaterials, 27(15), 2907-2915 (2006)
70. S. Kikuchi and J. Takebe: Characterization of the surface deposition on anodized-hydrothermally treated commercially pure titanium after immersion in simulated body fluid. Journal of Prosthodontic Research, 54(2), 70-77 (2010)
71. P. Li, C. Ohtsuki, T. Kokubo, K. Nakanishi, N. Soga and K. de Groot: The role of hydrated silica, titania, and alumina in inducing apatite on implants. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 28(1), 7-15 (1994)
72. Y. Liu, J. P. Li, E. B. Hunziker and K. de Groot: Incorporation of growth factors into medical devices via biomimetic coatings. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 364(1838), 233-248 (2006)
73. V. Livia, L. Rimondini, G. Carmen, B. Del Curto, S. Sbarra Maria, R. Franchini, C. Della Valle and C. Roberto: Electrochemical surface modification of titanium for implant abutments can affect oral bacteria contamination. Journal of applied biomaterials & biomechanics, 6(3), 170-177 (2008)
74. S. Ito and J. Takebe: Longitudinal Observation of Thin Hydroxyapatite Layers Formed on Anodic Oxide Titanium Implants after Hydrothermal Treatment in a Rat Maxilla Model. Prosthodontic Research & Practice, 7(2), 82-88 (2008)
75. J. Takebe, Y. Nakasato, S. Ito, S. Kikuchi, S. Itoh, T. Shioyama and K. Ishibashi: Surface Modification Enhances Osteoblast Behavior and Bone Formation on Thin Hydroxyapatite Layers Deposited Using a Novel Anodization-Hydrothermal Treatment on Commercially Pure Titanium Endosseous Implants. Prosthodontic Research & Practice, 7(2), 159-161 (2008)
76. M. Fini, A. Cigada, G. Rondelli, R. Chiesa, R. Giardino, G. Giavaresi, N. Nicoli Aldini, P. Torricelli and B. Vicentini: In vitro and in vivo behaviour of Ca- and P-enriched anodized titanium. Biomaterials, 20(17), 1587-1594 (1999)
77. K. Ainslie, S. Tao, K. Popat, H. Daniels, V. Hardev, C. Grimes and T. Desai: In vitro inflammatory response of nanostructured titania. J Biomed Mater Res A, 91(3), 647-655 (2009)
78. S. Ferguson, J. Langhoff, K. Voelter, B. von Rechenberg, D. Scharnweber, S. Bierbaum, M. Schnabelrauch, A. Kautz, V. Frauchiger, T. Mueller, G. H. van Lenthe and F. Schlottig: Biomechanical comparison of different surface modifications for dental implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 23(6), 1037-1047 (2009)