메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 257-272

The impact of sodium and potassium on hypertension risk

Author keywords

Cardiovascular risk; Potassium intake; Sodium intake; Sodium potassium ratio

Indexed keywords

PLACEBO; POTASSIUM; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; RAMIPRIL; SODIUM; TELMISARTAN; POTASSIUM INTAKE; SODIUM INTAKE;

EID: 84904006739     PISSN: 02709295     EISSN: 15584488     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.04.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (55)

References (114)
  • 1
    • 34248376836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium and potassium in the pathogenesis of hypertension
    • Adrogué H.J., Madias N.E. Sodium and potassium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. N Engl J Med 2007, 356:1966-1978.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 1966-1978
    • Adrogué, H.J.1    Madias, N.E.2
  • 2
    • 0000100490 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and sodium intake
    • Raven Press, New York, J.H. Laragh, B.M. Brenner (Eds.)
    • Simpson F.O. Blood pressure and sodium intake. Hypertension: pathology, diagnosis, and management 1990, 205-215. Raven Press, New York. J.H. Laragh, B.M. Brenner (Eds.).
    • (1990) Hypertension: pathology, diagnosis, and management , pp. 205-215
    • Simpson, F.O.1
  • 3
    • 0029967184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of reduced dietary sodium on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Midgley J.P., Matthew A.G., Greenwood C.M., Logan A.G. Effect of reduced dietary sodium on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 1996, 275:1590-1597.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 1590-1597
    • Midgley, J.P.1    Matthew, A.G.2    Greenwood, C.M.3    Logan, A.G.4
  • 4
    • 84879378546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt in health and disease-a delicate balance
    • Kotchen T.A., Cowley A.W., Frohlich E.D. Salt in health and disease-a delicate balance. N Engl J Med 2013, 368:1229-1237.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 1229-1237
    • Kotchen, T.A.1    Cowley, A.W.2    Frohlich, E.D.3
  • 5
    • 84896081275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium surfeit and potassium deficit: keys to the pathogenesis of hypertension
    • Adrogué H.J., Madias N.E. Sodium surfeit and potassium deficit: keys to the pathogenesis of hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 2014, 8:203-213.
    • (2014) J Am Soc Hypertens , vol.8 , pp. 203-213
    • Adrogué, H.J.1    Madias, N.E.2
  • 6
    • 78249265247 scopus 로고
    • Observational studies of salt and blood pressure
    • I-3-8
    • Elliot P. Observational studies of salt and blood pressure. Hypertension 1991, 17. I-3-8.
    • (1991) Hypertension , vol.17
    • Elliot, P.1
  • 7
    • 0029873197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersalt revisited: further analysis of 24 hour sodium excretion and blood pressure within and across populations
    • Elliot P., Stamler J., Nichols R., et al. Intersalt revisited: further analysis of 24 hour sodium excretion and blood pressure within and across populations. BMJ 1996, 312:1249-1253.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 1249-1253
    • Elliot, P.1    Stamler, J.2    Nichols, R.3
  • 8
    • 34248387798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary hypertension: pathogenesis
    • Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, N.M. Kaplan (Ed.)
    • Kaplan N.M. Primary hypertension: pathogenesis. Kaplan's clinical hypertension 2006, 50-121. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 9th ed. N.M. Kaplan (Ed.).
    • (2006) Kaplan's clinical hypertension , pp. 50-121
    • Kaplan, N.M.1
  • 9
    • 1542715091 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamics in mineralocorticoid hypertension: handbook of hypertension
    • Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V
    • Conway J. Hemodynamics in mineralocorticoid hypertension: handbook of hypertension. Pathophysiology of hypertension-cardiovascular aspects 1986, Vol 7:217-224. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V.
    • (1986) Pathophysiology of hypertension-cardiovascular aspects , vol.7 , pp. 217-224
    • Conway, J.1
  • 10
    • 0025797470 scopus 로고
    • By how much does dietary salt reduction lower blood pressure? Analysis of observational data among populations
    • Law M.R., Frost C.D., Wald N.J. By how much does dietary salt reduction lower blood pressure? Analysis of observational data among populations. BMJ 1991, 302:811-815.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.302 , pp. 811-815
    • Law, M.R.1    Frost, C.D.2    Wald, N.J.3
  • 11
    • 0030953021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and blood pressure in children and adolescents
    • Simons-Morton D.G., Obarzanek E. Diet and blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatr Nephrol 1997, 11:244-249.
    • (1997) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.11 , pp. 244-249
    • Simons-Morton, D.G.1    Obarzanek, E.2
  • 12
    • 0023724346 scopus 로고
    • Intersalt Cooperative Research group. Intersalt: an International study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure: results for 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion
    • Intersalt Cooperative Research group. Intersalt: an International study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure: results for 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. BMJ 1988, 297:319-328.
    • (1988) BMJ , vol.297 , pp. 319-328
  • 13
    • 0031054213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trials of sodium reduction: an overview
    • Cutler J.A., Follmann D., Allender P.S. Randomized trials of sodium reduction: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 65(Suppl):643S-651SS.
    • (1997) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.65 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Cutler, J.A.1    Follmann, D.2    Allender, P.S.3
  • 15
    • 34848819951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in salt intake affects blood pressure of chimpanzees: implications for human populations
    • Elliot P., Walker L.L., Little M.P., Blair-West J.R., Shade R.E., Lee R., et al. Change in salt intake affects blood pressure of chimpanzees: implications for human populations. Circulation 2007, 116:1563-1568.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 1563-1568
    • Elliot, P.1    Walker, L.L.2    Little, M.P.3    Blair-West, J.R.4    Shade, R.E.5    Lee, R.6
  • 16
    • 0035804277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet
    • Sacks F.M., Svetkey L.P., Vollmer W.M., et al. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:3-10.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 3-10
    • Sacks, F.M.1    Svetkey, L.P.2    Vollmer, W.M.3
  • 18
    • 84903996884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institute of Medicine. Sodium intake in populations: assessment of evidence. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. [cited 2013 May].
    • Institute of Medicine. Sodium intake in populations: assessment of evidence. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. [cited 2013 May]. Available from:. http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2013/Sodium-Intake-in-Populations-Assessment-ofEvidence.aspx.
  • 19
    • 77149154383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projected effect of dietary salt reductions on future cardiovascular disease
    • Bibbins-Domingo K., Chertow G.M., Coxson P.G., et al. Projected effect of dietary salt reductions on future cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2010, 362:590-599.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 590-599
    • Bibbins-Domingo, K.1    Chertow, G.M.2    Coxson, P.G.3
  • 20
    • 71749104303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective studies
    • Strazzullo P., D'Elia L., Kandala N.B., Cappuccio F.P. Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ 2009, 339:b4567.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.339
    • Strazzullo, P.1    D'Elia, L.2    Kandala, N.B.3    Cappuccio, F.P.4
  • 22
  • 24
    • 79955563776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal and nonfatal outcomes, incidence of hypertension, and blood pressure changes in relation to urinary sodium excretion
    • Stolarz-Skrzypek K., Kuznetsova T., Thijs L., et al. Fatal and nonfatal outcomes, incidence of hypertension, and blood pressure changes in relation to urinary sodium excretion. JAMA 2011, 305:1777-1785.
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.305 , pp. 1777-1785
    • Stolarz-Skrzypek, K.1    Kuznetsova, T.2    Thijs, L.3
  • 25
    • 81855215823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and risk of cardiovascular events
    • O'Donnell M.J., Yusuf S., Mente A., et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion and risk of cardiovascular events. JAMA 2011, 306:2229-2238.
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.306 , pp. 2229-2238
    • O'Donnell, M.J.1    Yusuf, S.2    Mente, A.3
  • 27
    • 79960930906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt reduction lowers cardiovascular risk: meta-analysis of outcome trials
    • He F.J., MacGregor G.A. Salt reduction lowers cardiovascular risk: meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet 2011, 378:380-382.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 380-382
    • He, F.J.1    MacGregor, G.A.2
  • 29
    • 81855191369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary sodium and cardiovascular disease risk
    • Whelton P.K. Urinary sodium and cardiovascular disease risk. JAMA 2011, 306:2262-2264.
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.306 , pp. 2262-2264
    • Whelton, P.K.1
  • 30
    • 84870949675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease: further evidence supporting the American Heart Association sodium reduction recommendations
    • Whelton P.K., Appel L.J., Sacco R.L., Anderson C.A.M., Antman E.M., Campbell N., et al. Sodium, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease: further evidence supporting the American Heart Association sodium reduction recommendations. Circulation 2012, 126:2880-2889.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , pp. 2880-2889
    • Whelton, P.K.1    Appel, L.J.2    Sacco, R.L.3    Anderson, C.A.M.4    Antman, E.M.5    Campbell, N.6
  • 32
    • 84865694743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular mortality: controversy resolved?
    • Alderman M.H., Cohen H.W. Dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular mortality: controversy resolved?. Curr Hypertens Rep 2012, 14:193-201.
    • (2012) Curr Hypertens Rep , vol.14 , pp. 193-201
    • Alderman, M.H.1    Cohen, H.W.2
  • 33
    • 79956225344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between dietary sodium intake, ESRD, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Thomas M.C., Morgan J., Forsblom C., et al. The association between dietary sodium intake, ESRD, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011, 34:861-866.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 861-866
    • Thomas, M.C.1    Morgan, J.2    Forsblom, C.3
  • 34
    • 79956109889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary salt intake and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Ekinci E.I., Clarke S., Thomas M.C., et al. Dietary salt intake and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011, 34:703-709.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 703-709
    • Ekinci, E.I.1    Clarke, S.2    Thomas, M.C.3
  • 35
    • 84877726974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renin-angiotensin system blockers may create more risk than reward for sodium-depleted cardiovascular patients with high plasma renin levels
    • Sealey J.E., Alderman M.H., Furberg C.D., Laragh J.H. Renin-angiotensin system blockers may create more risk than reward for sodium-depleted cardiovascular patients with high plasma renin levels. Am J Hypertens 2013, 26:727-738.
    • (2013) Am J Hypertens , vol.26 , pp. 727-738
    • Sealey, J.E.1    Alderman, M.H.2    Furberg, C.D.3    Laragh, J.H.4
  • 36
    • 0000127474 scopus 로고
    • The use of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide, and potassium bromide in cases of arterial hypertension which are amenable to potassium chloride
    • Addison W.L.T. The use of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide, and potassium bromide in cases of arterial hypertension which are amenable to potassium chloride. Can Med Assoc J 1928, 18:281-285.
    • (1928) Can Med Assoc J , vol.18 , pp. 281-285
    • Addison, W.L.T.1
  • 37
    • 33845360376 scopus 로고
    • Compensation of renal metabolic dysfunction. Treatment of kidney disease and hypertensive vascular disease with rice diet
    • Kempner W. Compensation of renal metabolic dysfunction. Treatment of kidney disease and hypertensive vascular disease with rice diet. North Carolina Med J 1945, 6:61-87.
    • (1945) North Carolina Med J , vol.6 , pp. 61-87
    • Kempner, W.1
  • 38
    • 84877839961 scopus 로고
    • Potassium bicarbonate has greater antihypertensive potency than potassium chloride in patients with essential hypertension [abstract]
    • Morris R.C., Sebastian A., Forman A.H., Peeks R.A. Potassium bicarbonate has greater antihypertensive potency than potassium chloride in patients with essential hypertension [abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993, 3:533.
    • (1993) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.3 , pp. 533
    • Morris, R.C.1    Sebastian, A.2    Forman, A.H.3    Peeks, R.A.4
  • 40
    • 8244264753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure
    • Appel L.J., Moore T.J., Obarzanek E., et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. N Engl J Med 1997, 336:1117-1124.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1117-1124
    • Appel, L.J.1    Moore, T.J.2    Obarzanek, E.3
  • 41
    • 0025771982 scopus 로고
    • Does potassium supplementation lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of published trials
    • Cappuccio F.P., MacGregor G.A. Does potassium supplementation lower blood pressure? A meta-analysis of published trials. J Hypertens 1991, 9:465-473.
    • (1991) J Hypertens , vol.9 , pp. 465-473
    • Cappuccio, F.P.1    MacGregor, G.A.2
  • 42
    • 0030956083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure: meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
    • Whelton P.K., He J., Cutler J.A., Brancati F.L., Appel L.J., Follmann D., et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure: meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA 1997, 277:1624-1632.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 1624-1632
    • Whelton, P.K.1    He, J.2    Cutler, J.A.3    Brancati, F.L.4    Appel, L.J.5    Follmann, D.6
  • 43
    • 0024345754 scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled trial of potassium supplements in black patients with mild essential hypertension
    • Obel A.O. Placebo-controlled trial of potassium supplements in black patients with mild essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1989, 14:294-296.
    • (1989) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 294-296
    • Obel, A.O.1
  • 44
    • 84876590665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses
    • Aburto N.J., Hanson S., Gutierrez H., Hooper L., Elliot P., Cappuccio F.P. Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ 2013, 346:11378.
    • (2013) BMJ , vol.346 , pp. 11378
    • Aburto, N.J.1    Hanson, S.2    Gutierrez, H.3    Hooper, L.4    Elliot, P.5    Cappuccio, F.P.6
  • 45
    • 0019403573 scopus 로고
    • Low sodium/high potassium diet for prevention of hypertension: probable mechanisms of action
    • Skrabal F., Auböck J., Hörtnagl H. Low sodium/high potassium diet for prevention of hypertension: probable mechanisms of action. Lancet 1981, 2:895-900.
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 895-900
    • Skrabal, F.1    Auböck, J.2    Hörtnagl, H.3
  • 46
    • 84919579058 scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind cross-over trial of potassium on blood-pressure in normal subjects
    • Khaw K.T., Thom S. Randomised double-blind cross-over trial of potassium on blood-pressure in normal subjects. Lancet 1982, 2:1127-1129.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1127-1129
    • Khaw, K.T.1    Thom, S.2
  • 47
    • 0021836711 scopus 로고
    • Effects of potassium on sodium balance, renin, noradrenaline and arterial pressure
    • Zoccali C., Cumming A.M., Hutcheson M.J., Barnett P., Semple P.F. Effects of potassium on sodium balance, renin, noradrenaline and arterial pressure. J Hypertens 1985, 3:67-72.
    • (1985) J Hypertens , vol.3 , pp. 67-72
    • Zoccali, C.1    Cumming, A.M.2    Hutcheson, M.J.3    Barnett, P.4    Semple, P.F.5
  • 48
    • 0022346268 scopus 로고
    • Effect of changes in dietary sodium and potassium on blood pressure and cellular electrolyte handling in young normotensive subjects
    • Weissberg P.L., West M.J., Kendall M.J., Ingram M., Woods K.L. Effect of changes in dietary sodium and potassium on blood pressure and cellular electrolyte handling in young normotensive subjects. J Hypertens 1985, 3:475-480.
    • (1985) J Hypertens , vol.3 , pp. 475-480
    • Weissberg, P.L.1    West, M.J.2    Kendall, M.J.3    Ingram, M.4    Woods, K.L.5
  • 49
    • 0022872752 scopus 로고
    • Potassium supplementation does not lower blood pressure in normotensive women
    • Barden A.E., Vandongen R., Beilin L.J., Margetts B., Rogers P. Potassium supplementation does not lower blood pressure in normotensive women. J Hypertens 1986, 4:339-343.
    • (1986) J Hypertens , vol.4 , pp. 339-343
    • Barden, A.E.1    Vandongen, R.2    Beilin, L.J.3    Margetts, B.4    Rogers, P.5
  • 50
    • 0022852183 scopus 로고
    • Moderate potassium supplementation: ineffective in black normotensives
    • Poulter N.R., Sever P.S. Moderate potassium supplementation: ineffective in black normotensives. East Afr Med J 1986, 63:798-802.
    • (1986) East Afr Med J , vol.63 , pp. 798-802
    • Poulter, N.R.1    Sever, P.S.2
  • 51
    • 0025643546 scopus 로고
    • Potassium effects on blood pressure: Is the conjugate anion important?
    • Mullen J.T., O'Connor D.T. Potassium effects on blood pressure: Is the conjugate anion important?. J Hum Hypertens 1990, 4:589-596.
    • (1990) J Hum Hypertens , vol.4 , pp. 589-596
    • Mullen, J.T.1    O'Connor, D.T.2
  • 52
    • 0025736031 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the effects of short-term potassium supplementation on blood pressure and atrial natriuretic peptide in normotensive women
    • Barden A., Beilin L.J., Vandongen R., Puddey I.B. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the effects of short-term potassium supplementation on blood pressure and atrial natriuretic peptide in normotensive women. Am J Hypertens 1991, 4:206-213.
    • (1991) Am J Hypertens , vol.4 , pp. 206-213
    • Barden, A.1    Beilin, L.J.2    Vandongen, R.3    Puddey, I.B.4
  • 53
    • 0028946721 scopus 로고
    • The effect of potassium supplementation in persons with a high-normal blood pressure. Results from phase I of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP). Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) Collaborative Research Group
    • Whelton P.K., Buring J., Borhani N.O., et al. The effect of potassium supplementation in persons with a high-normal blood pressure. Results from phase I of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP). Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) Collaborative Research Group. Ann Epidemiol 1995, 5:85-95.
    • (1995) Ann Epidemiol , vol.5 , pp. 85-95
    • Whelton, P.K.1    Buring, J.2    Borhani, N.O.3
  • 54
    • 0030051009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in African Americans on a low-potassium diet. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Brancati F.L., Appel L.J., Seidler A.J., Whelton P.K. Effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in African Americans on a low-potassium diet. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 1996, 156:61-67.
    • (1996) Arch Intern Med , vol.156 , pp. 61-67
    • Brancati, F.L.1    Appel, L.J.2    Seidler, A.J.3    Whelton, P.K.4
  • 55
    • 34248343140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potassium and blood pressure
    • American Heart Association/Council on High Blood Pressure Research, Dallas, J.L. Izzo, H.R. Black (Eds.)
    • Whelton P.K. Potassium and blood pressure. Hypertension primer 2003, 280-282. American Heart Association/Council on High Blood Pressure Research, Dallas. 3rd ed. J.L. Izzo, H.R. Black (Eds.).
    • (2003) Hypertension primer , pp. 280-282
    • Whelton, P.K.1
  • 56
    • 84903935136 scopus 로고
    • Desirability of changing potassium intake in the community
    • Marcel Dekker, New York, P.K. Whelton, A. Whelton, W.G. Walker (Eds.)
    • Rose G. Desirability of changing potassium intake in the community. Potassium in cardiovascular and renal medicine 1986, 411-416. Marcel Dekker, New York. P.K. Whelton, A. Whelton, W.G. Walker (Eds.).
    • (1986) Potassium in cardiovascular and renal medicine , pp. 411-416
    • Rose, G.1
  • 57
    • 0025291943 scopus 로고
    • The influence of oral potassium chloride on blood pressure in hypertensive men on a low-sodium diet
    • Grimm R.H., Neaton J.D., Elmer P.J., Svendsen K.H., Levin J., Segal M., et al. The influence of oral potassium chloride on blood pressure in hypertensive men on a low-sodium diet. N Engl J Med 1990, 322:569-574.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 569-574
    • Grimm, R.H.1    Neaton, J.D.2    Elmer, P.J.3    Svendsen, K.H.4    Levin, J.5    Segal, M.6
  • 59
    • 0021332945 scopus 로고
    • Blood-pressure response to moderate sodium restriction and to potassium supplementation in mild essential hypertension
    • Richards A.M., Nicholls M.G., Espiner E.A., et al. Blood-pressure response to moderate sodium restriction and to potassium supplementation in mild essential hypertension. Lancet 1984, 1:757-761.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 757-761
    • Richards, A.M.1    Nicholls, M.G.2    Espiner, E.A.3
  • 60
    • 0022833411 scopus 로고
    • Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Dietary Salt Study in Mild Hypertension
    • Chalmers J., Morgan T., Doyle A., et al. Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Dietary Salt Study in Mild Hypertension. J Hypertens 1986, 4:S629-S637.
    • (1986) J Hypertens , vol.4
    • Chalmers, J.1    Morgan, T.2    Doyle, A.3
  • 61
    • 0022571177 scopus 로고
    • Potassium supplementation in blacks with mild to moderate essential hypertension
    • Matlou S.M., Isles C.G., Higgs A., et al. Potassium supplementation in blacks with mild to moderate essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1986, 4:61-64.
    • (1986) J Hypertens , vol.4 , pp. 61-64
    • Matlou, S.M.1    Isles, C.G.2    Higgs, A.3
  • 62
    • 0023265390 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of long term oral potassium supplements in patients with mild hypertension
    • Siani A., Strazzullo P., Russo L., et al. Controlled trial of long term oral potassium supplements in patients with mild hypertension. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987, 294:1453-1456.
    • (1987) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.294 , pp. 1453-1456
    • Siani, A.1    Strazzullo, P.2    Russo, L.3
  • 63
    • 0041582920 scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of potassium chloride versus placebo in mildly hypertensive blacks and whites
    • Cushman W.C., Langford H.G. Randomized controlled trial of potassium chloride versus placebo in mildly hypertensive blacks and whites. Circulation 1988, 78:II-370.
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.78
    • Cushman, W.C.1    Langford, H.G.2
  • 64
    • 0025120834 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of potassium and magnesium in essential hypertension: a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study
    • Patki P.S., Singh J., Gokhale S.V., Bulakh P.M., Shrotri D.S., Patwardhan B. Efficacy of potassium and magnesium in essential hypertension: a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. BMJ 1990, 301:521-523.
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.301 , pp. 521-523
    • Patki, P.S.1    Singh, J.2    Gokhale, S.V.3    Bulakh, P.M.4    Shrotri, D.S.5    Patwardhan, B.6
  • 65
    • 0025873107 scopus 로고
    • Potassium supplementation lowers blood pressure and increases urinary kallikrein in essential hypertensives
    • Valdés G., Vio C.P., Montero J., Avendaño R. Potassium supplementation lowers blood pressure and increases urinary kallikrein in essential hypertensives. J Hum Hypertens 1991, 5(66):91-96.
    • (1991) J Hum Hypertens , vol.5 , Issue.66 , pp. 91-96
    • Valdés, G.1    Vio, C.P.2    Montero, J.3    Avendaño, R.4
  • 66
    • 0026496634 scopus 로고
    • Potassium supplementation reduces clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients
    • Fotherby M.D., Potter J.F. Potassium supplementation reduces clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 1992, 10:1403-1408.
    • (1992) J Hypertens , vol.10 , pp. 1403-1408
    • Fotherby, M.D.1    Potter, J.F.2
  • 67
    • 0026812299 scopus 로고
    • Potassium chloride lowers blood pressure and causes natriuresis in older patients with hypertension
    • Smith S.R., Klotman P.E., Svetkey L.P. Potassium chloride lowers blood pressure and causes natriuresis in older patients with hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 1992, 2:1302-1309.
    • (1992) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.2 , pp. 1302-1309
    • Smith, S.R.1    Klotman, P.E.2    Svetkey, L.P.3
  • 68
    • 0022003649 scopus 로고
    • Potassium supplementation in hypertensive patients with diuretic-induced hypokalemia
    • Kaplan N.M., Carnegie A., Raskin P., Heller J.A., Simmons M. Potassium supplementation in hypertensive patients with diuretic-induced hypokalemia. N Engl J Med 1985, 312:746-749.
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.312 , pp. 746-749
    • Kaplan, N.M.1    Carnegie, A.2    Raskin, P.3    Heller, J.A.4    Simmons, M.5
  • 69
    • 0013861182 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of renal function and circulatory reflexes in primary aldosteronism
    • Biglieri E.G., Mcllroy M.B. Abnormalities of renal function and circulatory reflexes in primary aldosteronism. Circulation 1966, 33:78-86.
    • (1966) Circulation , vol.33 , pp. 78-86
    • Biglieri, E.G.1    Mcllroy, M.B.2
  • 70
    • 0001601598 scopus 로고
    • Control of sodium excretion and arterial pressure by intrarenal mechanisms and the renin-angiotensin system
    • Raven Press, New York, J.H. Laragh, B.M. Brenner (Eds.)
    • Hall J.E., Guyton A.C. Control of sodium excretion and arterial pressure by intrarenal mechanisms and the renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management 1990, 1105-1129. Raven Press, New York. J.H. Laragh, B.M. Brenner (Eds.).
    • (1990) Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management , pp. 1105-1129
    • Hall, J.E.1    Guyton, A.C.2
  • 71
    • 0026038821 scopus 로고
    • Increasing the dietary potassium intake reduces the need for antihypertensive medication
    • Siani A., Strazzullo P., Giacco A., Pacioni D., Celentano E., Mancini M. Increasing the dietary potassium intake reduces the need for antihypertensive medication. Ann Intern Med 1991, 115:753-759.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 753-759
    • Siani, A.1    Strazzullo, P.2    Giacco, A.3    Pacioni, D.4    Celentano, E.5    Mancini, M.6
  • 72
    • 0000505695 scopus 로고
    • Experimental epidemiology of chronic sodium chloride toxicity and the protective effect of potassium chloride
    • Meneely G.R., Ball C.O.T. Experimental epidemiology of chronic sodium chloride toxicity and the protective effect of potassium chloride. Am J Med 1958, 25:713-725.
    • (1958) Am J Med , vol.25 , pp. 713-725
    • Meneely, G.R.1    Ball, C.O.T.2
  • 73
    • 0001139288 scopus 로고
    • Changes in blood pressure and body sodium of rats fed sodium and potassium chloride
    • Meneely G.R., Lemley-Stone J., Darby W.J. Changes in blood pressure and body sodium of rats fed sodium and potassium chloride. Am J Cardiol 1961, 8:527-532.
    • (1961) Am J Cardiol , vol.8 , pp. 527-532
    • Meneely, G.R.1    Lemley-Stone, J.2    Darby, W.J.3
  • 74
    • 0015380135 scopus 로고
    • Influence of dietary potassium and sodium/potassium molar ratios on the development of salt hypertension
    • Dahl L.K., Leitl G., Heine M. Influence of dietary potassium and sodium/potassium molar ratios on the development of salt hypertension. J Exp Med 1972, 136:318-330.
    • (1972) J Exp Med , vol.136 , pp. 318-330
    • Dahl, L.K.1    Leitl, G.2    Heine, M.3
  • 75
    • 0023936583 scopus 로고
    • The anti-hypertensive effect of potassium loading in experimental hypertension: a comparison of sheep with other species
    • Mills E.H., Coghlan J.P., Denton D.A., Spence C.D., Whitworth J.A., Scoggins B.A. The anti-hypertensive effect of potassium loading in experimental hypertension: a comparison of sheep with other species. Clin Exp Hypertens A 1988, 10:289-309.
    • (1988) Clin Exp Hypertens A , vol.10 , pp. 289-309
    • Mills, E.H.1    Coghlan, J.P.2    Denton, D.A.3    Spence, C.D.4    Whitworth, J.A.5    Scoggins, B.A.6
  • 76
    • 0020540755 scopus 로고
    • Potassium infusion attenuates avoidance-saline hypertension in dogs
    • Anderson D.E., Kearns W.D., Worden T.J. Potassium infusion attenuates avoidance-saline hypertension in dogs. Hypertension 1983, 5:415-420.
    • (1983) Hypertension , vol.5 , pp. 415-420
    • Anderson, D.E.1    Kearns, W.D.2    Worden, T.J.3
  • 77
    • 0021078505 scopus 로고
    • Natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of potassium in DOCA- salt hypertensive rats
    • Fujita T., Sato Y. Natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of potassium in DOCA- salt hypertensive rats. Kidney Int 1983, 24:731-739.
    • (1983) Kidney Int , vol.24 , pp. 731-739
    • Fujita, T.1    Sato, Y.2
  • 78
    • 0021795683 scopus 로고
    • Potassium reduces cerebral hemorrhage and death rate in hypertensive rats, even when blood pressure is not lowered
    • 1-110-4
    • Tobian L., Lange J., Ulm K., Wold L., lwai J. Potassium reduces cerebral hemorrhage and death rate in hypertensive rats, even when blood pressure is not lowered. Hypertension 1985, 7(Suppl I):1-110-4.
    • (1985) Hypertension , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. I
    • Tobian, L.1    Lange, J.2    Ulm, K.3    Wold, L.4    lwai, J.5
  • 79
    • 0342454415 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a protective effect of potassium on renal function and cerebral arteries and arterioles
    • Marcel Dekker, New York, P.K. Whelton, A. Whelton, W.G. Walker (Eds.)
    • Tobian L. Evidence for a protective effect of potassium on renal function and cerebral arteries and arterioles. Potassium in cardiovascular and renal medicine 1986, 391-396. Marcel Dekker, New York. P.K. Whelton, A. Whelton, W.G. Walker (Eds.).
    • (1986) Potassium in cardiovascular and renal medicine , pp. 391-396
    • Tobian, L.1
  • 80
    • 0026844353 scopus 로고
    • Potassium supplementation attenuates experimental hypertensive renal injury
    • Ellis D., Banner B., Janosky J.E., Feig P.U. Potassium supplementation attenuates experimental hypertensive renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 1992, 2:1529-1537.
    • (1992) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.2 , pp. 1529-1537
    • Ellis, D.1    Banner, B.2    Janosky, J.E.3    Feig, P.U.4
  • 81
    • 0005145026 scopus 로고
    • Depressor effects of potassium-deficient diets in hypertensive man
    • Perera G.A. Depressor effects of potassium-deficient diets in hypertensive man. J Clin Invest 1953, 32:633-636.
    • (1953) J Clin Invest , vol.32 , pp. 633-636
    • Perera, G.A.1
  • 82
    • 0005219272 scopus 로고
    • Depressor effect of potassium restriction on blood pressure of the rat
    • Freed S.C., Friedman M. Depressor effect of potassium restriction on blood pressure of the rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1951, 78:74-77.
    • (1951) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.78 , pp. 74-77
    • Freed, S.C.1    Friedman, M.2
  • 83
    • 0015402690 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of chronic potassium deficiency in the dog
    • Abbrecht P.H. Cardiovascular effects of chronic potassium deficiency in the dog. Am J Physiol 1972, 223:555-560.
    • (1972) Am J Physiol , vol.223 , pp. 555-560
    • Abbrecht, P.H.1
  • 84
    • 0022384156 scopus 로고
    • Effect of potassium depletion on two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension in the rat
    • Benedetti R.G., Linas S.L. Effect of potassium depletion on two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension in the rat. Kidney Int 1985, 28:621-628.
    • (1985) Kidney Int , vol.28 , pp. 621-628
    • Benedetti, R.G.1    Linas, S.L.2
  • 85
    • 0024602229 scopus 로고
    • Increased blood pressure during potassium depletion in normotensive men
    • Krishna G.G., Miller E., Kapoor S. Increased blood pressure during potassium depletion in normotensive men. N Engl J Med 1989, 320:1177-1182.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 1177-1182
    • Krishna, G.G.1    Miller, E.2    Kapoor, S.3
  • 86
    • 0025785609 scopus 로고
    • Potassium depletion exacerbates essential hypertension
    • Krishna G.G., Kapoor S.C. Potassium depletion exacerbates essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1991, 115:77-83.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 77-83
    • Krishna, G.G.1    Kapoor, S.C.2
  • 87
    • 84903996877 scopus 로고
    • Can non-pharmacological interventions reduce doses of drugs needed for the treatment of hypertension?
    • Yearbook, Geneva, D. Ganten, T. Strasser, J. Potzsch (Eds.)
    • Luft F.C. Can non-pharmacological interventions reduce doses of drugs needed for the treatment of hypertension?. World Hypertension League (WHL) 1993, 69-77. Yearbook, Geneva. D. Ganten, T. Strasser, J. Potzsch (Eds.).
    • (1993) World Hypertension League (WHL) , pp. 69-77
    • Luft, F.C.1
  • 89
    • 0029610235 scopus 로고
    • Vascular relaxation probably mediates the antihypertensive effect of a high-potassium diet: a role for enhanced vascular Na, K-ATPase activity
    • Dolson G.M., Wesson D.E., Adrogué H.J. Vascular relaxation probably mediates the antihypertensive effect of a high-potassium diet: a role for enhanced vascular Na, K-ATPase activity. J Hypertens 1995, 13:1433-1439.
    • (1995) J Hypertens , vol.13 , pp. 1433-1439
    • Dolson, G.M.1    Wesson, D.E.2    Adrogué, H.J.3
  • 90
    • 0031786082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dialysate [K+] decreases efficiency of hemodialysis and increases urea rebound
    • Dolson G.M., Adrogué H.J. Low dialysate [K+] decreases efficiency of hemodialysis and increases urea rebound. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9:2124-2128.
    • (1998) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.9 , pp. 2124-2128
    • Dolson, G.M.1    Adrogué, H.J.2
  • 91
    • 0034796320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypokalemia induces renal injury and alterations in vasoactive mediators that favor salt sensitivity
    • Suga S.-I., Phillips M.I., Ray P.E., Raleigh J.A., Vio C.P., Kim Y., et al. Hypokalemia induces renal injury and alterations in vasoactive mediators that favor salt sensitivity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2001, 281:F620-F629.
    • (2001) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.281
    • Suga, S.-I.1    Phillips, M.I.2    Ray, P.E.3    Raleigh, J.A.4    Vio, C.P.5    Kim, Y.6
  • 92
    • 0036183824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury induced by chronic potassium deficiency
    • Suga S.-I., Mazzali M., Ray P.E., Kang D., Johnson R.J. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury induced by chronic potassium deficiency. Kidney Int 2002, 61:951-958.
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.61 , pp. 951-958
    • Suga, S.-I.1    Mazzali, M.2    Ray, P.E.3    Kang, D.4    Johnson, R.J.5
  • 94
    • 34248337579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salt and blood pressure
    • American Heart Association, Dallas, J.L. Izzo, H.R. Black (Eds.)
    • Elliott P. Salt and blood pressure. /Council on High Blood Pressure Research 2003, 277-279. American Heart Association, Dallas. J.L. Izzo, H.R. Black (Eds.).
    • (2003) /Council on High Blood Pressure Research , pp. 277-279
    • Elliott, P.1
  • 95
    • 0031412651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potassium, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease: an epidemiologic perspective
    • He J., Whelton P.K. Potassium, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease: an epidemiologic perspective. Cardiol Rev 1997, 5:255-260.
    • (1997) Cardiol Rev , vol.5 , pp. 255-260
    • He, J.1    Whelton, P.K.2
  • 96
    • 0001215178 scopus 로고
    • Influences of migration on blood-pressure of Easter Islanders
    • Cruz-Coke R., Etcheverry R., Nagel R. Influences of migration on blood-pressure of Easter Islanders. Lancet 1964, 15:697-699.
    • (1964) Lancet , vol.15 , pp. 697-699
    • Cruz-Coke, R.1    Etcheverry, R.2    Nagel, R.3
  • 97
    • 0019132541 scopus 로고
    • TokeIau Island Migrant Study: effect of migration on the familial aggregation of blood pressure
    • Ward R.H., Chin P.G., Prior IAM. TokeIau Island Migrant Study: effect of migration on the familial aggregation of blood pressure. Hypertension 1980, 2:143-154.
    • (1980) Hypertension , vol.2 , pp. 143-154
    • Ward, R.H.1    Chin, P.G.2    Prior, I.A.M.3
  • 98
    • 0029961744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of dietary factors in the hypertension of African Americans
    • Adrogué H.J., Wesson D.E. Role of dietary factors in the hypertension of African Americans. Semin Nephrol 1996, 16:94-101.
    • (1996) Semin Nephrol , vol.16 , pp. 94-101
    • Adrogué, H.J.1    Wesson, D.E.2
  • 99
    • 0014386834 scopus 로고
    • Blood volume and exchangeable sodium in essential hypertension
    • Hansen J. Blood volume and exchangeable sodium in essential hypertension. Acta Med Scand 1968, 184:517-523.
    • (1968) Acta Med Scand , vol.184 , pp. 517-523
    • Hansen, J.1
  • 101
    • 83655192091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Na magnetic resonance imaging of tissue sodium
    • Kopp C., Linz P., Wachsmuth L., et al. Na magnetic resonance imaging of tissue sodium. Hypertension 2012, 59:167-172.
    • (2012) Hypertension , vol.59 , pp. 167-172
    • Kopp, C.1    Linz, P.2    Wachsmuth, L.3
  • 102
    • 0021220836 scopus 로고
    • Potassium in skeletal muscle in untreated primary hypertension and in chronic renal failure, studied by X-ray fluorescence technique
    • Ericsson F. Potassium in skeletal muscle in untreated primary hypertension and in chronic renal failure, studied by X-ray fluorescence technique. Acta Med Scand 1984, 215:225-230.
    • (1984) Acta Med Scand , vol.215 , pp. 225-230
    • Ericsson, F.1
  • 103
    • 84903996878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 104
    • 84874709884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Guideline: Potassium Intake for Adults and Children 2012, World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (2012) Guideline: Potassium Intake for Adults and Children
  • 105
    • 33745617463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potassium enriched salt on cardiovascular mortality and medical expenses of elderly men
    • Chang H.-Y., Hu Y.-W., Yue C.-S.J., et al. Effect of potassium enriched salt on cardiovascular mortality and medical expenses of elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 83:1289-1296.
    • (2006) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.83 , pp. 1289-1296
    • Chang, H.-Y.1    Hu, Y.-W.2    Yue, C.-S.J.3
  • 106
    • 34247863975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP)
    • Cook N.R., Cutler J.A., Obarzanek B., et al. Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP). BMJ 2007, 334:885-888.
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.334 , pp. 885-888
    • Cook, N.R.1    Cutler, J.A.2    Obarzanek, B.3
  • 107
    • 58349113188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint effects of sodium and potassium intake on subsequent cardiovascular disease. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention Follow-up Study
    • Cook N.R., Obarzanek E., Cutler J.A., et al. Joint effects of sodium and potassium intake on subsequent cardiovascular disease. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention Follow-up Study. Arch Intern Med 2009, 169:32-40.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , pp. 32-40
    • Cook, N.R.1    Obarzanek, E.2    Cutler, J.A.3
  • 108
    • 70349229260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared primacy of sodium and potassium on cardiovascular risk
    • Adrogué H.J., Madias N.E. Shared primacy of sodium and potassium on cardiovascular risk. Am J Kidney Dis 2009, 54:598-601.
    • (2009) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.54 , pp. 598-601
    • Adrogué, H.J.1    Madias, N.E.2
  • 109
    • 58849149050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender difference in blood pressure responses to dietary sodium intervention in the GenSalt study
    • He J., Gu D., Chen J., et al. Gender difference in blood pressure responses to dietary sodium intervention in the GenSalt study. J Hypertens 2009, 27:48-54.
    • (2009) J Hypertens , vol.27 , pp. 48-54
    • He, J.1    Gu, D.2    Chen, J.3
  • 110
    • 79960957502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium and potassium intake and mortality among US adults: prospective data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Yang Q., Liu T., Kuklina E.V., et al. Sodium and potassium intake and mortality among US adults: prospective data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med 2011, 171:1183-1191.
    • (2011) Arch Intern Med , vol.171 , pp. 1183-1191
    • Yang, Q.1    Liu, T.2    Kuklina, E.V.3
  • 111
    • 79961175928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium intake in men and potassium intake in women determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese hypertensive patients: OMEGA Study
    • Teramoto T., Kawamori R., Miyazaki S., Teramukai S. Sodium intake in men and potassium intake in women determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese hypertensive patients: OMEGA Study. Hypertens Res 2011, 34:957-962.
    • (2011) Hypertens Res , vol.34 , pp. 957-962
    • Teramoto, T.1    Kawamori, R.2    Miyazaki, S.3    Teramukai, S.4
  • 112
    • 80051952769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of sodium and potassium intake with left ventricular mass; coronary artery risk development in young adults
    • Rodriguez C.J., Bibbins-Domingo K., Jin Z., Daviglus M.L., Goff D.C., Jacobs D.R. Association of sodium and potassium intake with left ventricular mass; coronary artery risk development in young adults. Hypertension 2011, 58:410-416.
    • (2011) Hypertension , vol.58 , pp. 410-416
    • Rodriguez, C.J.1    Bibbins-Domingo, K.2    Jin, Z.3    Daviglus, M.L.4    Goff, D.C.5    Jacobs, D.R.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.