Can dietary sodium intake be modified by public policy?

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Volumn 4, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 1878-1882

  McCarron, David A ^a   Geerling, Joel C ^b   Kazaks, Alexandra G ^a   Stern, Judith S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLACEBO; SODIUM;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CLINICAL TRIAL; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; NONHUMAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PUBLIC HEALTH; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SODIUM APPETITE; SODIUM DEPLETION; SODIUM INTAKE; SODIUM RESTRICTION;

DIET, SODIUM-RESTRICTED; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION, RENAL; SODIUM CHLORIDE, DIETARY;

EID: 73449087342     PISSN: 15559041     EISSN: 1555905X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04660709     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Kurlansky M: Salt - A World History, New York, Penguin Books, 2002
2. Taubes G: The (political) science of salt. Science 281: 898-901: 903-907, 1998
3. McCarron DA: Dietary sodium and cardiovascular and renal disease risk factors: Dark horse or phantom entry? Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 2133-2137, 2008
4. Mimran A, du Cailar G: Dietary sodium: The dark horse amongst cardiovascular and renal risk factors. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23: 2138-2141, 2008
5. USPHS, HHS: Healthy People - The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 1979. Available at http://profiles.nlm.nih. gov/NN/B/B/G/K/-/nnbbgk.pdf. Accessed August 26, 2009
6. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board: Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate, 2004. Available at http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309091691. Accessed August 26, 2009
7. USDA, HHS: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005. Available at http://www.health.gov/DietaryGuidelines/. Accessed August 26, 2009
8. Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, Obarzanek E, Conlin PR, Miller ER 3rd, Simons-Morton DG, Karanja N, Lin PH: DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group: Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. N Engl J Med 344: 3-10. 2001
9. Cohen HW, Hailpern SM, Fang J, Alderman MH: Sodium intake and mortality in the NHANES II Follow-up Study. Am J Med 119: 275.e7-275.e14, 2006
10. Institute of Medicine: Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake, 2009. Available at http://www.iom.edu/?ID=59128. Accessed August 26, 2009
11. Food Standards Agency. Industry Activities 2008. Available at http://www.salt.gov.uk/industry-activity.html. Accessed August 26, 2009
12. Severson K: Throwing the book at salt. New York Times, 27 Jan 2009
13. Richter CP: Increased salt appetite in adrenalectomized rats. Am J Physiol 115: 155-161, 1936
14. Geerling JC, Loewy AD: Central regulation of sodium appetite. Exp Physiol 93: 177-209, 2008
15. Geerling JC, Engeland WC, Kawata M, Loewy AD: Aldosterone target neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius drive sodium appetite. J Neurosci 26: 411-417, 2006
16. Food Standards Agency: Dietary Sodium Levels Surveys. 2008. Available at http://www.food.gov.uk/science/dietarysurveys/urinary. Accessed August 26, 2009
17. Khaw KT, Bingham S, Welch A, Luben R, O'Brien E, Wareham N, Day N: Blood pressure and urinary sodium in men and women: The Norfolk Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). Am J Clin Nutr 80: 1397-1403, 2004
18. Zhou BF, Stamler J, Dennis B, Moag-Stahlberg A, Okuda N, Robertson C, Zhao L, Chan Q, Elliott P: INTERMAP Research Group: Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: The INTERMAP Study. J Human Hypertens 17: 623-630, 2003
19. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. Intersalt: An international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour sodium and potassium excretion. BMJ 297: 319-328, 1988
20. Staessen J, Broughton PMG, Fletcher AE, Markowe HLJ, Marmot MG, Rose G, Semmence A, Shipley MJ, Bulpitt CJ: The assessment of the relationship between blood pressure and sodium intake using whole-day, daytime and overnight urine collections. J Hypertens 9: 1035-1040, 1991
21. Brown IJ, Tzoulaki I, Candelas V, Elliott P: Salt intakes around the world: Implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol 38: 791-813, 2009
22. Beard TC, Blizzard L, O'Brien DJ, Dwyer T: Association between blood pressure and dietary factors in the dietary and nutritional survey of British adults. Arch Intern Med 157: 234-238, 1997
23. Charlton KE, Steyn K, Levitt NS, Zulu JV, Jonathan D, Veldman FJ, Nel JH: Diet and blood pressure in South Africa: Intake of foods containing sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in three ethnic groups. Nutrition 21: 39-50, 2005
24. du Cailar G, Mimran A, Fesler P, Ribstein J, Blacher J, Safar ME: Dietary sodium and pulse pressure in normotensive and essential hypertensive subjects. J Hypertens 22: 697-703, 2004
25. Liu L, Mizushima S, Ikeda K, Hattori H, Miura A, Gao M, Nara Y, Yamori Y: Comparative studies of diet-related factors and blood pressure among Chinese and Japanese: Results from the China-Japan Cooperative Research of the WHO-CARDIAC Study. Hyperten Res Clin Exp 23: 413-420, 2000
26. Liu L, Ikeda K, Yamori Y: WHO-CARDIAC Study Group: Inverse relationship between urinary markers of animal protein intake and blood pressure in Chinese: Results from the WHO Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison (CARDIAC) Study. Int J Epidemiol 31: 227-233, 2001
27. Laatikainen T, Pietinen P, Valsta L, Sundvall J, Reinivuo H, Tuomilehto J: Sodium in the Finnish diet: 20-year trends in urinary sodium excretion among the adult population. Eur J Clin Nutr 60: 965-970, 2006
28. Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group: Effects of weight loss and sodium reduction intervention on blood pressure and hypertension incidence in overweight people with high normal blood pressure. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention, Phase II. Arch Intern Med 157: 657-667, 1997
29. McCarron DA, Weder AB, Egan BM, Krishna GG, Morris CD, Cohen M, Oparil S: Blood pressure and metabolic responses to moderate sodium restriction in isradipine-treated hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 10: 68-76, 1997
30. Luft FC, Rankin LI, Block R, Weyman AE, Willis LR, Murray RH, Grim CE, Weinberger MH: Cardiovascular and humoral responses to extremes of sodium intake in normal black and white men. Circulation 60: 697-706, 1979
31. Brunner HR, Laragh JH, Baer L, Newton MA, Goodwin FT, Krakoff LR, Bard RH, Bühler FR: Essential hypertension: Renin and aldosterone, heart attack and stroke. N Engl J Med 286: 441-449, 1972
32. Graudal NA, Galløe AM, Garred P: Effects of sodium restriction on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterols, and triglyceride: A meta-analysis. JAMA 6: 1383-1391, 1998