메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 109, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 950-966

ACG clinical guideline: The diagnosis and management of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD EXAMINATION; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; HUMAN; LIVER BIOPSY; MEDICAL HISTORY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TOXIC HEPATITIS;

EID: 84903897064     PISSN: 00029270     EISSN: 15720241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.131     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (640)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 43049113533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRADE:an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
    • Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE et al. GRADE:an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008;336:924-6.
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , pp. 924-926
    • Guyatt, G.H.1    Oxman, A.D.2    Vist, G.E.3
  • 3
    • 84870596718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatotoxicity from herbal preparation
    • Boyer TD, Mann M, Sanyal AJ (eds). 6th edn. Ch 26 W.B. Saunders: Philadelphia, PA
    • Strader DB, Navarro VJ, Seef LB. Hepatotoxicity from herbal preparation. In: Boyer TD, Mann M, Sanyal AJ (eds). Zakim & Boyer's Hepatology, 6th edn. Ch 26 W.B. Saunders: Philadelphia, PA, 2011, pp. 462-75.
    • (2011) Zakim & Boyer's Hepatology , pp. 462-475
    • Strader, D.B.1    Navarro, V.J.2    Seef, L.B.3
  • 4
    • 84878528772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced liver injury throughout the drug development life cycle: Where we have been, where are we now, and where we are headed. Perspectives of a clinical hepatologist
    • Lewis JH. Drug-induced liver injury throughout the drug development life cycle: where we have been, where are we now, and where we are headed. Perspectives of a clinical hepatologist. Pharm Med 2013;27: 165-91.
    • (2013) Pharm Med , vol.27 , pp. 165-191
    • Lewis, J.H.1
  • 5
    • 20844444779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity
    • Kaplowitz N. Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005;4:489-99.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.4 , pp. 489-499
    • Kaplowitz, N.1
  • 7
    • 18744376412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced liver injury: An analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period
    • Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Fernandez MC et al. Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period. Gastroenterology 2005;129:512-21.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.129 , pp. 512-521
    • Andrade, R.J.1    Lucena, M.I.2    Fernandez, M.C.3
  • 8
    • 84878325626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, presentation, and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland
    • Bjornsson E, Bergmann OM, Bjornsson HK et al. Incidence, presentation, and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland. Gastroenterology 2013; 144: 1419-25.
    • (2013) Gastroenterology , vol.144 , pp. 1419-1425
    • Bjornsson, E.1    Bergmann, O.M.2    Bjornsson, H.K.3
  • 9
    • 79953692673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury: From bedside to bench
    • Tujios S, Fontana RJ. Mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury: from bedside to bench. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;8:202-11.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.8 , pp. 202-211
    • Tujios, S.1    Fontana, R.J.2
  • 10
    • 4544363071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver transplantation for acute liver failure from drug induced liver injury in the United States
    • Russo M, Galanko JA, Shrestha R et al. Liver transplantation for acute liver failure from drug induced liver injury in the United States. Liver Transpl 2004;10:1018-23.
    • (2004) Liver Transpl , vol.10 , pp. 1018-1023
    • Russo, M.1    Galanko, J.A.2    Shrestha, R.3
  • 11
    • 32644474169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: Results of a United States multicenter, prospective study
    • Larson AM, Fontana RJ, Davern TJ, et al., the ALFSG. Acetaminophen- induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 2005;42:1367-72.
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.42 , pp. 1367-1372
    • Larson, A.M.1    Fontana, R.J.2    Davern, T.J.3
  • 12
    • 33646024613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hy's law: Predicting serious hepatotoxicity
    • Temple R. Hy's law: predicting serious hepatotoxicity. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2006;15:241-3.
    • (2006) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.15 , pp. 241-243
    • Temple, R.1
  • 13
    • 78149358765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 63 Years and 715 days to the " boxed warning ": Unmasking of the propylthiouracil problem
    • Rivkees SA. 63 Years and 715 days to the " boxed warning ": unmasking of the propylthiouracil problem. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2010;2010, Pii:717303.
    • (2010) Int J Pediatr Endocrinol , vol.2010
    • Rivkees, S.A.1
  • 14
    • 77955039835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T erapy: Propylthiouracil use associated with severe hepatotoxicity in children
    • Chalasani 20 (Fatal PTU)
    • Koch L. T erapy: propylthiouracil use associated with severe hepatotoxicity in children. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2010;6:416 Chalasani 20 (Fatal PTU).
    • (2010) Nat Rev Endocrinol , vol.6 , pp. 416
    • Koch, L.1
  • 15
    • 84882690687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for drug-induced liver disease
    • Kaplowitz N and DeLeve LD (eds) Academic press: Waltham, MA
    • Vuppalanchi R, Chalasani N. Risk factors for drug-induced liver disease. In: Kaplowitz N and DeLeve LD (eds) Drug-Induced Liver Disease, 3rd edn, Academic press: Waltham, MA, 2013, pp. 265-74.
    • (2013) Drug-Induced Liver Disease, 3rd Edn , pp. 265-274
    • Vuppalanchi, R.1    Chalasani, N.2
  • 16
    • 57249086242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug induced liver injury in the United States
    • Chalasani N, Fontana RJ, Bonkovsky HL et al. Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug induced liver injury in the United States. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1924-34.
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.135 , pp. 1924-1934
    • Chalasani, N.1    Fontana, R.J.2    Bonkovsky, H.L.3
  • 17
    • 0027362542 scopus 로고
    • C au sality assessm en t o f ad verse reactio n s to drugs - I. A novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings: Application to drug-induced liver injuries
    • Danan G, Benichou C. C au sality assessm en t o f ad verse reactio n s to drugs - I. A novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings: application to drug-induced liver injuries. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:1323-30.
    • (1993) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.46 , pp. 1323-1330
    • Danan, G.1    Benichou, C.2
  • 18
    • 0027448634 scopus 로고
    • Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs - II. An original model for validation of drug causality assessment methods: Case reports with positive rechallenge
    • Benichou C, Danan G, Flahault A. Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs - II. An original model for validation of drug causality assessment methods: case reports with positive rechallenge. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:1331-6.
    • (1993) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.46 , pp. 1331-1336
    • Benichou, C.1    Danan, G.2    Flahault, A.3
  • 19
    • 0030865914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis
    • Maria VA, Victorino RM. Development and validation of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis. Hepatology 1997; 26:664-9.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , pp. 664-669
    • Maria, V.A.1    Victorino, R.M.2
  • 21
    • 84884968619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal and dietary supplement induced hepatotoxicity in the US
    • Abstract #167
    • Navarro VJ, Barnhart HX, Bonkovsky HL et al. Herbal and dietary supplement induced hepatotoxicity in the US. Gastroenterology 2012;142 S1, S-41. [Abstract #167].
    • (2012) Gastroenterology , vol.142
    • Navarro, V.J.1    Barnhart, H.X.2    Bonkovsky, H.L.3
  • 22
    • 84903893488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Accessed on 15 October 2013)
    • Http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/ProductRegulation/ SummaryofNDAApprovalsReceipts1938tothepresent/default.htm (Accessed on 15 October 2013).
  • 23
  • 24
    • 80054848088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute hepatitis e infection accounts for some cases of suspected drug-induced liver injury
    • Davern TJ, Chalasani N, Fontana RJ et al. Acute hepatitis E infection accounts for some cases of suspected drug-induced liver injury. Gastro-enterology 2011;141:1665-72 e1-9.
    • (2011) Gastro-enterology , vol.141
    • Davern, T.J.1    Chalasani, N.2    Fontana, R.J.3
  • 26
    • 0030830193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range of antinuclear antibodies in "healthy" individuals
    • Tan EM, Feltkamp TE, Smolen JS et al. Range of antinuclear antibodies in "healthy" individuals. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1601-11.
    • (1997) Arthritis Rheum , vol.40 , pp. 1601-1611
    • Tan, E.M.1    Feltkamp, T.E.2    Smolen, J.S.3
  • 27
    • 84857342910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wilson's disease
    • EASLClinicalPracticeGuidelines.
    • EASLClinicalPracticeGuidelines. Wilson's disease. J Hepatol 2012;56: 671-85.
    • (2012) J Hepatol , vol.56 , pp. 671-685
  • 28
    • 84893699696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic histological f ndings in suspected drug-induced liver injury: Systematic evaluation and clinical associations
    • Kleiner DE, Chalasani N, Lee W et al. Hepatic histological f ndings in suspected drug-induced liver injury: systematic evaluation and clinical associations. Hepatology 2014; 59: 661-70.
    • (2014) Hepatology , vol.59 , pp. 661-670
    • Kleiner, D.E.1    Chalasani, N.2    Lee, W.3
  • 29
    • 84882888735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic injury due to drugs, chemicals and toxins
    • Burt AD, Portmann BC, Ferrell LD (eds) 6th edn, Churchhill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh
    • Lewis JH, Kleiner DE. Hepatic injury due to drugs, chemicals and toxins. In: Burt AD, Portmann BC, Ferrell LD (eds), MacSween's Pathology of the Liver, 6th edn, Churchhill Livingstone Elsevier, Edinburgh, 2012, pp. 645-760.
    • (2012) MacSween's Pathology of the Liver , pp. 645-760
    • Lewis, J.H.1    Kleiner, D.E.2
  • 30
    • 34547419539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids or not in severe acute or fulminant autoimmune hepatitis: Therapeutic brinksmanship and the point beyond salvation
    • Czaja AJ. Corticosteroids or not in severe acute or fulminant autoimmune hepatitis: therapeutic brinksmanship and the point beyond salvation. Liver Transpl 2007; 13: 953-5.
    • (2007) Liver Transpl , vol.13 , pp. 953-955
    • Czaja, A.J.1
  • 31
    • 34547394251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of corticosteroids for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Ichai P, Duclos-Vallee JC, Guettier C et al. Usefulness of corticosteroids for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Transpl 2007;13:996-1003.
    • (2007) Liver Transpl , vol.13 , pp. 996-1003
    • Ichai, P.1    Duclos-Vallee, J.C.2    Guettier, C.3
  • 32
    • 64749083236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate and psoriasis: 2009 National Psoriasis Foundation Consensus Conference
    • Kalb RE, Strober B, Weinstein G et al. Methotrexate and psoriasis: 2009 National Psoriasis Foundation Consensus Conference. J Am Acad Derma-tol 2009;60:824-37.
    • (2009) J Am Acad Derma-tol , vol.60 , pp. 824-837
    • Kalb, R.E.1    Strober, B.2    Weinstein, G.3
  • 33
    • 45349090538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Saag KG, Theng GG, Patkar NM et al. American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59:762-84.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.59 , pp. 762-784
    • Saag, K.G.1    Theng, G.G.2    Patkar, N.M.3
  • 34
    • 34447540604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliabilityofthe Roenigk classification of liver damage af er methotrexate treatment for psoriasis: A clinicopathologic study of 160 liver biopsy specimens
    • Berends MA, vanOijen MG, Snoek J et al. Reliabilityofthe Roenigk classification of liver damage af er methotrexate treatment for psoriasis: a clinicopathologic study of 160 liver biopsy specimens. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:1515-9.
    • (2007) Arch Dermatol , vol.143 , pp. 1515-1519
    • Berends, M.A.1    Vanoijen, M.G.2    Snoek, J.3
  • 35
    • 34249803204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of eosinophilia and hepatic necrosis on prognosis in patients with drug-induced liver injury
    • Bjornsson E, Kalaitzakis E, Olsson R. The impact of eosinophilia and hepatic necrosis on prognosis in patients with drug-induced liver injury. Aliment Pharmacol Ter 2007;25:1411-21.
    • (2007) Aliment Pharmacol ter , vol.25 , pp. 1411-1421
    • Bjornsson, E.1    Kalaitzakis, E.2    Olsson, R.3
  • 36
    • 54449094314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method for assessing causality in drug-induced liver injury
    • Rochon J, Protiva P, Seef LB et al. Reliability of the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method for assessing causality in drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2008; 48: 1175-83.
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.48 , pp. 1175-1183
    • Rochon, J.1    Protiva, P.2    Seef, L.B.3
  • 37
    • 77952702755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury using a structured expert opinion process: Comparison to the Roussel-Uclaf causality assessment method
    • Rockey DC, Seef LB, Rochon J et al. Causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury using a structured expert opinion process: comparison to the Roussel-Uclaf causality assessment method. Hepatology 2010;51:2117-26.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.51 , pp. 2117-2126
    • Rockey, D.C.1    Seef, L.B.2    Rochon, J.3
  • 38
    • 13444273562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognizing drug-induced liver injury: Current problems, possible solutions
    • Lee WM, Senior JR. Recognizing drug-induced liver injury: current problems, possible solutions. Toxicol Pathol 2005;33:155-64.
    • (2005) Toxicol Pathol , vol.33 , pp. 155-164
    • Lee, W.M.1    Senior, J.R.2
  • 39
    • 78649625452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced acute liver failure: Results of a US multicenter, prospective study
    • Reuben A, Koch DG, Lee WM. Drug-induced acute liver failure: results of a US multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 2010;52: 2065-76.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.52 , pp. 2065-2076
    • Reuben, A.1    Koch, D.G.2    Lee, W.M.3
  • 41
    • 0037126649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resultsofa prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States
    • Ostapowicz GA, Fontana RJ, Schiodt FV et al. Resultsofa prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:945-54.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 945-954
    • Ostapowicz, G.A.1    Fontana, R.J.2    Schiodt, F.V.3
  • 42
    • 84859309812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C o m p aris o n o f the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score with the King's College Hospital Criteria and the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score for the prognosis of acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure
    • Cholongitas E, Teocharidou E, Vasianopoulou P et al. C o m p aris o n o f the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score with the King's College Hospital Criteria and the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score for the prognosis of acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 2012;18:405-12.
    • (2012) Liver Transpl , vol.18 , pp. 405-412
    • Cholongitas, E.1    Teocharidou, E.2    Vasianopoulou, P.3
  • 43
    • 84868014401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an accurate index for predicting outcomes of patients with acute liver failure
    • Rutherford A, King LY, Hynan LS, et al., ALF Study Group. Development of an accurate index for predicting outcomes of patients with acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2012; 143: 1237-43.
    • (2012) Gastroenterology , vol.143 , pp. 1237-1243
    • Rutherford, A.1    King, L.Y.2    Hynan, L.S.3
  • 44
    • 77956265378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokeratin 18-based modi-fication of the MELD score improves prediction of spontaneous survival afer acute liver injury
    • Bechmann LP, Jochum C, Kocabayoglu P et al. Cytokeratin 18-based modi-fication of the MELD score improves prediction of spontaneous survival afer acute liver injury. J Hepatology 2010;53:639-47.
    • (2010) J Hepatology , vol.53 , pp. 639-647
    • Bechmann, L.P.1    Jochum, C.2    Kocabayoglu, P.3
  • 45
    • 67349111248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced liver injury following positive drug rechallenge
    • Papay JI, Clines D, Raf R et al. Drug-induced liver injury following positive drug rechallenge. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 54: 84-90.
    • (2009) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 84-90
    • Papay, J.I.1    Clines, D.2    Raf, R.3
  • 46
    • 79955771712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GuidanceforIndustry. Food and Drug Administration, July Accessed on 16 October 2013)
    • GuidanceforIndustry. Drug-induced liver injury: premarketing clinical evaluation. Food and Drug Administration, July 2009. http://www.fda.gov/ downloads/Drugs/./Guidances/UCM174090.pdf (Accessed on 16 October 2013).
    • (2009) Drug-induced Liver Injury: Premarketing Clinical Evaluation
  • 47
    • 66149098373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure
    • Lee WM, Hynan LS, Rossaro L et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2009;137:856-64.
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.137 , pp. 856-864
    • Lee, W.M.1    Hynan, L.S.2    Rossaro, L.3
  • 48
    • 84885820033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albumin dialysis with a noncell artif cial liver support device in patients with acute liver failure
    • Saliba F, Camus C, Durand F et al. Albumin dialysis with a noncell artif cial liver support device in patients with acute liver failure. Ann Intern Med 2013;159:522-31.
    • (2013) Ann Intern Med , vol.159 , pp. 522-531
    • Saliba, F.1    Camus, C.2    Durand, F.3
  • 49
    • 84876101011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous N-acetylcysteine in pediatric patients with nonacetaminophen acute liver failure: A placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Squires RH, Dhawan A, Alonso E et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine in pediatric patients with nonacetaminophen acute liver failure: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hepatology 2013;57:1542-9.
    • (2013) Hepatology , vol.57 , pp. 1542-1549
    • Squires, R.H.1    Dhawan, A.2    Alonso, E.3
  • 50
    • 84903896954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T ere is substantial morbidity and mortality associated with idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury: Results from the DILIN prospective study
    • advance online publication, 27 March 2014 (e-pub ahead of print)
    • Fontana RJ, Hayashi PH, Gu J et al. T ere is substantial morbidity and mortality associated with idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury: results from the DILIN prospective study. Gastroenterology; advance online publication, 27 March 2014 (e-pub ahead of print).
    • Gastroenterology
    • Fontana, R.J.1    Hayashi, P.H.2    Gu, J.3
  • 51
    • 84903879912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed on 6 April 2013
    • !http://www. fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/default.htm; Accessed on 6 April 2013.
  • 52
    • 84903891744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed 4 August 2013
    • !http://www. fda.gov/food/foodsafety/product-specif cinformation/ medicalfoods/default.htm; Accessed 4 August 2013.
  • 53
    • 84862734518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver injury due to Flavocoxid (limbrel), a medical food for osteoarthritis. A case series
    • Chalasani N, Vuppalanchi R, Navarro VJ et al. Acute liver injury due to Flavocoxid (limbrel), a medical food for osteoarthritis. A case series. Ann Intern Med 2013;156:857-60.
    • (2013) Ann Intern Med , vol.156 , pp. 857-860
    • Chalasani, N.1    Vuppalanchi, R.2    Navarro, V.J.3
  • 54
    • 84903889973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed 6 April 2013
    • !http://www. fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/ GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/default.htm; Accessed 6 April 2013.
  • 55
    • 84903906618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services Of ceofInspect or General Adverse Event Reporting for Dietary Supplements:An Inadequate Safety Valve, OEI-01-00-00180(Washington, D.C.: April 2001)
    • USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesOfceofInspectorGeneral, AdverseEventReportingforDietarySupplements:AnInadequateSafetyValve, OEI-01-00-00180(Washington, D.C.: April 2001).
  • 56
    • 79951868607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of some traditionally used medicinal plants affected by the extraction time and hydrolysis
    • Komes D, Belscak-Cvitanovic A, Horzic D et al. Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of some traditionally used medicinal plants affected by the extraction time and hydrolysis. Phytochem Anal 2011;22: 172-80.
    • (2011) Phytochem Anal , vol.22 , pp. 172-180
    • Komes, D.1    Belscak-Cvitanovic, A.2    Horzic, D.3
  • 57
    • 84872043354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quality of selected South African and international homoeopathic mother tinctures
    • Scheepmaker MM, Gower NT. The quality of selected South African and international homoeopathic mother tinctures. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med2011;8 (5 Suppl): 46-52.
    • (2011) Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med , vol.8 , Issue.5 SUPPL. , pp. 46-52
    • Scheepmaker, M.M.1    Gower, N.T.2
  • 58
    • 84866560829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of geographic range on genetic and chemical diversity of Indian valerian (Valeriana jatamansi) from northwestern Himalaya
    • Sundaresan V, Sahni G, Verma RS et al. Impact of geographic range on genetic and chemical diversity of Indian valerian (Valeriana jatamansi) from northwestern Himalaya. Biochem Genet 2012;50:797-808.
    • (2012) Biochem Genet , vol.50 , pp. 797-808
    • Sundaresan, V.1    Sahni, G.2    Verma, R.S.3
  • 59
    • 79952159576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and genetic assess ment of variability in commercial Radix Astragali (Astragalus spp) by ion trap LC-MS and nuclear ribosomal DNA barcoding sequence analyses
    • Xiao WL, Motley TJ, Unachukwu UJ et al. Chemical and genetic assess ment of variability in commercial Radix Astragali (Astragalus spp) by ion trap LC-MS and nuclear ribosomal DNA barcoding sequence analyses. J Agric Food Chem 2011;59:1548-56.
    • (2011) J Agric Food Chem , vol.59 , pp. 1548-1556
    • Xiao, W.L.1    Motley, T.J.2    Unachukwu, U.J.3
  • 60
    • 22144457058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for contamination of herbal erectile dysfunction products with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
    • Fleshler N, Harvey M, Adomat H et al. Evidence for contamination of herbal erectile dysfunction products with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. J Urol 2005;174:636-41.
    • (2005) J Urol , vol.174 , pp. 636-641
    • Fleshler, N.1    Harvey, M.2    Adomat, H.3
  • 61
    • 0036156754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial contamination of medicinal plants
    • Kneifel W, Czech E, Kopp B. Microbial contamination of medicinal plants. Planta Med 2000;68:5-15.
    • (2000) Planta Med , vol.68 , pp. 5-15
    • Kneifel, W.1    Czech, E.2    Kopp, B.3
  • 62
    • 56949108345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hepatotoxicity following ingestion of Herbalife contaminated with Bacillus subtilis
    • Stickel F, Droz S, Patsenker E et al. Severe hepatotoxicity following ingestion of Herbalife contaminated with Bacillus subtilis. J Hepatol 2009;50:111-7.
    • (2009) J Hepatol , vol.50 , pp. 111-117
    • Stickel, F.1    Droz, S.2    Patsenker, E.3
  • 63
    • 0035723187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metals in traditional Indian remedies
    • Ernst E. Heavy metals in traditional Indian remedies. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2002;57:891-6.
    • (2002) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.57 , pp. 891-896
    • Ernst, E.1
  • 64
    • 50449095293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead, mercury, and arsenic in US-and Indian-manufactured Ayurvedic medicines sold over the internet
    • Saper RB, Phillips RS, Sehgal A et al. Lead, mercury, and arsenic in US-and Indian-manufactured Ayurvedic medicines sold over the internet. JAMA 2008;300:915-23.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , pp. 915-923
    • Saper, R.B.1    Phillips, R.S.2    Sehgal, A.3
  • 65
    • 0035953135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Americans' views on the use and regulation of dietary supplements
    • Blendon RJ, DesRoches CM, Benson JM et al. Americans' views on the use and regulation of dietary supplements. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:805-10.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , pp. 805-810
    • Blendon, R.J.1    Desroches, C.M.2    Benson, J.M.3
  • 66
    • 0019566689 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic lesions caused by anabolic and contraceptive steroids
    • Ishak KG. Hepatic lesions caused by anabolic and contraceptive steroids. Semin Liver Dis 1981;1:116-28.
    • (1981) Semin Liver Dis , vol.1 , pp. 116-128
    • Ishak, K.G.1
  • 67
    • 0021735872 scopus 로고
    • Anabolic steroids a review of the literature
    • Haupt HA, Rovere GD. Anabolic steroids a review of the literature. Am J Sports Med 1984;12:469-84.
    • (1984) Am J Sports Med , vol.12 , pp. 469-484
    • Haupt, H.A.1    Rovere, G.D.2
  • 68
    • 84859003015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholestasis secondary to anabolic steroid use in young men
    • Elsharkawy AM, McPherson S, Masson S et al. Cholestasis secondary to anabolic steroid use in young men. BMJ 2012; 34: 4e468.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.34
    • Elsharkawy, A.M.1    McPherson, S.2    Masson, S.3
  • 69
    • 0007633983 scopus 로고
    • Veno-occlusive disease of the liver secondary to ingestion of comfrey
    • Weston CFM, Cooper BY, Davies JE et al. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver secondary to ingestion of comfrey. Br Med J 1987;295:183.
    • (1987) Br Med J , vol.295 , pp. 183
    • Weston, C.F.M.1    Cooper, B.Y.2    Davies, J.E.3
  • 70
    • 78651040838 scopus 로고
    • Veno-occlusive disease of the liver with non-portal type of cirrhosis occurring in Jamaica
    • Bras G, Jelife DB, Stuart KL. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver with non-portal type of cirrhosis occurring in Jamaica. AMA Arch Pathol 1954;57:285-300.
    • (1954) AMA Arch Pathol , vol.57 , pp. 285-300
    • Bras, G.1    Jelife, D.B.2    Stuart, K.L.3
  • 71
    • 0042830247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic sinusoidal-obstruction syndrome: Toxicity of pyrrolizi-dine alkaloids
    • Chojkier M. Hepatic sinusoidal-obstruction syndrome: toxicity of pyrrolizi-dine alkaloids. J Hepatol 2003;3:437-46.
    • (2003) J Hepatol , vol.3 , pp. 437-446
    • Chojkier, M.1
  • 72
    • 0017404792 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic veno-occlusive disease due to pyrrolizidine (Senecio) poisoning in Arizona
    • Stillman AE, Huxtable RJ, Consroe P et al. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease due to pyrrolizidine (Senecio) poisoning in Arizona. Gastroenterology 1977;73:349-52.
    • (1977) Gastroenterology , vol.73 , pp. 349-352
    • Stillman, A.E.1    Huxtable, R.J.2    Consroe, P.3
  • 73
    • 0017080938 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in North-Western Afghanistan
    • Mohabbat O, Srivastava RN, Younos MS et al. An outbreak of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in North-Western Afghanistan. Lancet 1976;2:271-6.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 271-276
    • Mohabbat, O.1    Srivastava, R.N.2    Younos, M.S.3
  • 74
    • 0017170210 scopus 로고
    • An epidemic of veno-occlusive disease in Central India
    • Tandon BN, Tandon RK, Tandon HD et al. An epidemic of veno-occlusive disease in Central India. Lancet 1976;2:271-2.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 271-272
    • Tandon, B.N.1    Tandon, R.K.2    Tandon, H.D.3
  • 75
    • 58649100685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of digestive diseases in the United States part 1: Overall and upper gastrointestinal diseases
    • Everhart JE, Ruhl CE. Burden of digestive diseases in the United States part 1: overall and upper gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterology 2009;136:376-86.
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.136 , pp. 376-386
    • Everhart, J.E.1    Ruhl, C.E.2
  • 77
    • 11144288739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of acute non-fulminant drug-induced hepatitis in a United States tertiary referral center
    • Galan MV, Potts JA, Silverman AL et al. The burden of acute non-fulminant drug-induced hepatitis in a United States tertiary referral center. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39:64-7.
    • (2005) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.39 , pp. 64-67
    • Galan, M.V.1    Potts, J.A.2    Silverman, A.L.3
  • 78
    • 33847251560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of new-onset jaun-dice: How of en is it caused by idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury in the United States
    • Vuppalanchi R, Liangpunsakul S, Chalsani N. Etiology of new-onset jaun-dice: how of en is it caused by idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:558-62.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 558-562
    • Vuppalanchi, R.1    Liangpunsakul, S.2    Chalsani, N.3
  • 79
    • 77955670653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardization of nomenclature and Causality Assessment in Drug-Induced liver Injury: Summary of a Clinical Research Workshop
    • Fontana RJ, Seef LB, Andrade RJ et al. Standardization of nomenclature and Causality Assessment in Drug-Induced liver Injury: Summary of a Clinical Research Workshop. Hepatology 2010; 52: 730-42.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.52 , pp. 730-742
    • Fontana, R.J.1    Seef, L.B.2    Andrade, R.J.3
  • 80
    • 84861901590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver: Practice guideline by the American Association of the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterology Association
    • Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Levine JE et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver: Practice guideline by the American Association of the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterology Association. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:811-26.
    • (2012) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.107 , pp. 811-826
    • Chalasani, N.1    Younossi, Z.2    Levine, J.E.3
  • 81
    • 80053339008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An update on treatment of Genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus infection: 2011 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
    • Ghany MG, Nelson DR, Strader DB et al. An update on treatment of Genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus infection: 2011 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2011;54:1433-43.
    • (2011) Hepatology , vol.54 , pp. 1433-1443
    • Ghany, M.G.1    Nelson, D.R.2    Strader, D.B.3
  • 82
    • 84878020890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribing medications in patients with cirrhosis-A practical guide
    • Lewis JH, Stine JG. Prescribing medications in patients with cirrhosis-a practical guide. Aliment Pharmacol Ter 2013;37:1132-56.
    • (2013) Aliment Pharmacol ter , vol.37 , pp. 1132-1156
    • Lewis, J.H.1    Stine, J.G.2
  • 83
    • 2142768218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with elevated liver enzymes are not at higher risk for statin hepatotoxicity
    • Chalasani N, Aljadhey H, Kesterson J et al. Patients with elevated liver enzymes are not at higher risk for statin hepatotoxicity. Gastroenterology 2004;128:1287-92.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 1287-1292
    • Chalasani, N.1    Aljadhey, H.2    Kesterson, J.3
  • 84
    • 13844255081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P atien ts w ith elevated b aselin e liver en-zymes do not have higher frequency of hepatotoxicity form lovastatin than those with normal baseline liver enzymes
    • Vuppalanchi R, Teal E, Chalasani N. P atien ts w ith elevated b aselin e liver en-zymes do not have higher frequency of hepatotoxicity form lovastatin than those with normal baseline liver enzymes. Am J Med Sci 2005;329:62-5.
    • (2005) Am J Med Sci , vol.329 , pp. 62-65
    • Vuppalanchi, R.1    Teal, E.2    Chalasani, N.3
  • 85
    • 36348987648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E f cacy and safety of high-dose pravastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients with well-compensated chronic liver disease: Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial
    • Lewis JH, Mortensen ME, Zweig S et al. E f cacy and safety of high-dose pravastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients with well-compensated chronic liver disease: Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Hepatology 2007;46:1453-63.
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.46 , pp. 1453-1463
    • Lewis, J.H.1    Mortensen, M.E.2    Zweig, S.3
  • 86
    • 33846413204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tamoxifen-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Where are we now and where are we going?
    • Osman KA, Osman MM, Ahmed MH. Tamoxifen-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: where are we now and where are we going? Expert Opin Drug Saf 2007;6:1-4.
    • (2007) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.6 , pp. 1-4
    • Osman, K.A.1    Osman, M.M.2    Ahmed, M.H.3
  • 87
    • 0026315404 scopus 로고
    • M eth o trexate an d h isto lo gical hepatic abnormalities: A meta-analysis
    • Whiting-O'Keefe QE, Fyfe KH, Sack KD. M eth o trexate an d h isto lo gical hepatic abnormalities: A meta-analysis. Am J Med 1991;90:711.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.90 , pp. 711
    • Whiting-O'Keefe, Q.E.1    Fyfe, K.H.2    Sack, K.D.3
  • 88
    • 33645888317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A n assessm en t o f statin safety b y hepatologists
    • Cohen DE, Anania FA, Chalasani N. A n assessm en t o f statin safety b y hepatologists. Am J Cardiol 2006;97:78-84.
    • (2006) Am J Cardiol , vol.97 , pp. 78-84
    • Cohen, D.E.1    Anania, F.A.2    Chalasani, N.3
  • 89
    • 78649890465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and ef cacy of longterm statin treatment for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and abnormal liver tests in the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study: A post-hoc analysis
    • Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Gossios TD et al. Safety and ef cacy of longterm statin treatment for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and abnormal liver tests in the Greek Atorvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study: a post-hoc analysis. Lancet 2010;376:1916-22.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 1916-1922
    • Athyros, V.G.1    Tziomalos, K.2    Gossios, T.D.3
  • 90
    • 84881475226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial adding f uvastatin to peginterferon and ribavirin for na ï ve genotype 1 hepatitis C patients
    • Bader T, Hughes LD, Fazili J et al. A randomized controlled trial adding f uvastatin to peginterferon and ribavirin for na ï ve genotype 1 hepatitis C patients. J Viral Hepatitis 2013;20:622-7.
    • (2013) J Viral Hepatitis , vol.20 , pp. 622-627
    • Bader, T.1    Hughes, L.D.2    Fazili, J.3
  • 91
    • 0034606721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in adults with human immunodef ciency virus and the role of hepatitis C or B virus infection
    • Sulkowski MS, Tomas DL, Chaisson RE et al. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in adults with human immunodef ciency virus and the role of hepatitis C or B virus infection. JAMA 2000;283: 74-80.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 74-80
    • Sulkowski, M.S.1    Tomas, D.L.2    Chaisson, R.E.3
  • 92
    • 77956624153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical syndromes and consequences of antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity
    • Nunez M. Clinical syndromes and consequences of antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity. Hepatology 2010; 52: 1143-55.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.52 , pp. 1143-1155
    • Nunez, M.1
  • 93
    • 0031808038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepato-toxicity: The role of hepatitis C virus and the HIV
    • Ungo JR, Jones D, Ashkin K et al. Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepato-toxicity: the role of hepatitis C virus and the HIV. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1998;157:1871-6.
    • (1998) Am J Resp Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 1871-1876
    • Ungo, J.R.1    Jones, D.2    Ashkin, K.3
  • 94
    • 0033960045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-tuberculosis drug-related liver dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B infection
    • Wong WM, Wu PC, Yuen MF et al. Anti-tuberculosis drug-related liver dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B infection. Hepatology 2000;31:201-6.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.31 , pp. 201-206
    • Wong, W.M.1    Wu, P.C.2    Yuen, M.F.3
  • 95
    • 84863905084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency, clinical presentation, and outcomes of drug-induced liver injury af er liver transplantation
    • Sembera S, Lammert C, Talwalkar JA et al. Frequency, clinical presentation, and outcomes of drug-induced liver injury af er liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2012; 18: 803-10.
    • (2012) Liver Transpl , vol.18 , pp. 803-810
    • Sembera, S.1    Lammert, C.2    Talwalkar, J.A.3
  • 96
    • 0032576759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C
    • Vento S, Garofano T, Renzini C et al. Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. N Eng J Med 1998;338:286-90.
    • (1998) N Eng J Med , vol.338 , pp. 286-290
    • Vento, S.1    Garofano, T.2    Renzini, C.3
  • 97
    • 47149112922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Si m p l if ed criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis
    • Hennes EM, Zeniya M, Czaja AJ et al. Si m p l if ed criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2008; 48: 169-76.
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.48 , pp. 169-176
    • Hennes, E.M.1    Zeniya, M.2    Czaja, A.J.3
  • 98
    • 0035192830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causality assessment versus guilt-by-association in drug hepatotoxicity
    • Kaplowitz N. Causality assessment versus guilt-by-association in drug hepatotoxicity. Hepatology 2001; 33: 308-10.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.33 , pp. 308-310
    • Kaplowitz, N.1
  • 99
    • 20844444779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity
    • Kaplowitz N. Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005;4:489-99.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.4 , pp. 489-499
    • Kaplowitz, N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.