메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 95, Issue , 2014, Pages 468-479

Aircraft emission mitigation by changing route altitude: A multi-model estimate of aircraft NOx emission impact on O3 photochemistry

Author keywords

Chemical impact; Contrail avoiding measures; Multimodel comparison; Radiative forcing

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; CLIMATE MODELS;

EID: 84903763675     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: 18732844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.049     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (57)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 10644266088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aglobal model of the coupled sulfur/oxidant chemistry in the troposphere: the sulfur cycle
    • Berglen T.F., Berntsen T.K., Isaksen I.S.A., Sundet J.K. Aglobal model of the coupled sulfur/oxidant chemistry in the troposphere: the sulfur cycle. J.Geophys. Res. 2004, 109(D19310):D19310. 10.1029/2003JD003948.
    • (2004) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.109 , Issue.D19310
    • Berglen, T.F.1    Berntsen, T.K.2    Isaksen, I.S.A.3    Sundet, J.K.4
  • 2
  • 3
    • 0031413325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aglobal 3-D chemical transport model for the troposphere, 1, Model description and CO and Ozone results
    • Berntsen T., Isaksen I.S.A. Aglobal 3-D chemical transport model for the troposphere, 1, Model description and CO and Ozone results. J.Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(D17):21239-21280. 10.1029/97JD01140.
    • (1997) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.D17 , pp. 21239-21280
    • Berntsen, T.1    Isaksen, I.S.A.2
  • 4
    • 0033391972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lightning and convection on changes in upper tropospheric ozone due to NOx emissions from aircraft
    • Berntsen T.K., Isaksen I.S.A. Effects of lightning and convection on changes in upper tropospheric ozone due to NOx emissions from aircraft. Tellus 1999, 51B:766-788. 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.t01-3-00003.x.
    • (1999) Tellus , vol.51 B , pp. 766-788
    • Berntsen, T.K.1    Isaksen, I.S.A.2
  • 5
    • 79960447494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global radiative forcing from contrail cirrus
    • Burkhardt U., Kärcher B. Global radiative forcing from contrail cirrus. Nat. Clim. Change 2011, 1:54-58. 10.1038/nclimate1068.
    • (2011) Nat. Clim. Change , vol.1 , pp. 54-58
    • Burkhardt, U.1    Kärcher, B.2
  • 8
    • 0032168830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of aircraft NOx emissions on tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. Part II: 3-D model results
    • Dameris M., Grewe V., Köhler I., Sausen R., Brühl C., Grooß J.-U., Steil B. Impact of aircraft NOx emissions on tropospheric and stratospheric ozone. Part II: 3-D model results. Atmos. Environ. 1998, 32(18):3185-3199. 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00505-0.
    • (1998) Atmos. Environ. , vol.32 , Issue.18 , pp. 3185-3199
    • Dameris, M.1    Grewe, V.2    Köhler, I.3    Sausen, R.4    Brühl, C.5    Grooß, J.-U.6    Steil, B.7
  • 11
    • 24144491494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of cruise altitude on contrails and related radiative forcing
    • Fichter C., Marquart S., Sausen R., Lee D.S. The impact of cruise altitude on contrails and related radiative forcing. Meteorol. Z. 2005, 14(4):563-572. 10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0048.
    • (2005) Meteorol. Z. , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 563-572
    • Fichter, C.1    Marquart, S.2    Sausen, R.3    Lee, D.S.4
  • 12
    • 37649011032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of working group i to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. Averyt, M. Tignor, H. Miller (Eds.)
    • Forster P., Ramaswamy V., Artaxo P., Berntsen T., Betts R., Fahey D., Haywood J., Lean J., Lowe D., Myhre G., Nganga J., Prinn R., Raga G., Schulz M., Van Dorland R. Contribution of working group i to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Climate Change 2007: the Physical Science Basis 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. Averyt, M. Tignor, H. Miller (Eds.).
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: the Physical Science Basis
    • Forster, P.1    Ramaswamy, V.2    Artaxo, P.3    Berntsen, T.4    Betts, R.5    Fahey, D.6    Haywood, J.7    Lean, J.8    Lowe, D.9    Myhre, G.10    Nganga, J.11    Prinn, R.12    Raga, G.13    Schulz, M.14    Van Dorland, R.15
  • 13
    • 0037666602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing and temperature trends from stratospheric ozone changes
    • Forster P.F., Shine K.P. Radiative forcing and temperature trends from stratospheric ozone changes. J.Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(D9):10841-10855. 10.1029/96JD03510.
    • (1997) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.D9 , pp. 10841-10855
    • Forster, P.F.1    Shine, K.P.2
  • 14
    • 84867511247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aviation-induced radiative forcing and surface temperature change in dependency of the emission altitude
    • Frömming C., Ponater M., Dahlmann K., Grewe V., Lee D.S., Sausen R. Aviation-induced radiative forcing and surface temperature change in dependency of the emission altitude. J.Geophys. Res. 2012, 117(D19):D19104. 10.1029/2012JD018204.
    • (2012) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.117 , Issue.D19
    • Frömming, C.1    Ponater, M.2    Dahlmann, K.3    Grewe, V.4    Lee, D.S.5    Sausen, R.6
  • 15
    • 33746874138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of aircraft NOx emissions on the atmosphere - tradeoffs to reduce the impact
    • Gauss M., Isaksen I.S.A., Lee D.S., Søvde O.A. Impact of aircraft NOx emissions on the atmosphere - tradeoffs to reduce the impact. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2006, 6:1529-1548. 10.5194/acp-6-1529-2006.
    • (2006) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 1529-1548
    • Gauss, M.1    Isaksen, I.S.A.2    Lee, D.S.3    Søvde, O.A.4
  • 16
    • 14344262285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of monsoon circulations on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
    • Gettelman A., Kinnison D.E., Brasseur G., Dunkerton T. Impact of monsoon circulations on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. J.Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:D22101. 10.1029/2004JD004878.
    • (2004) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Gettelman, A.1    Kinnison, D.E.2    Brasseur, G.3    Dunkerton, T.4
  • 18
    • 84885164715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ageneralized tagging method
    • Grewe V. Ageneralized tagging method. Geosci. Model Dev. 2013, 6(1):247-253. 10.5194/gmd-6-247-2013.
    • (2013) Geosci. Model Dev. , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 247-253
    • Grewe, V.1
  • 19
    • 0034968256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and variability of upper tropospheric nitrogen oxides and ozone at northern mid-latitudes
    • Grewe V., Brunner D., Dameris M., Grenfell J.L., Hein R., Shindell D., Staehelin J. Origin and variability of upper tropospheric nitrogen oxides and ozone at northern mid-latitudes. Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35(20):3421-3433. 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00134-0.
    • (2001) Atmos. Environ. , vol.35 , Issue.20 , pp. 3421-3433
    • Grewe, V.1    Brunner, D.2    Dameris, M.3    Grenfell, J.L.4    Hein, R.5    Shindell, D.6    Staehelin, J.7
  • 20
    • 0036059326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of aircraft NOx emissions. Part 2: effects of lowering the flight altitude
    • Grewe V., Dameris M., Fichter C., Lee D.S. Impact of aircraft NOx emissions. Part 2: effects of lowering the flight altitude. Meteorol. Z. 2002, 11(3):197-205. 10.1127/0941-2948/2002/0011-0197.
    • (2002) Meteorol. Z. , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-205
    • Grewe, V.1    Dameris, M.2    Fichter, C.3    Lee, D.S.4
  • 22
    • 78649738389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the attribution of contributions of atmospheric trace gases to emissions in atmospheric model applications
    • Grewe V., Tsati E., Hoor P. On the attribution of contributions of atmospheric trace gases to emissions in atmospheric model applications. Geosci. Model Dev. 2010, 3(2):487-499. 10.5194/gmd-3-487-2010.
    • (2010) Geosci. Model Dev. , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 487-499
    • Grewe, V.1    Tsati, E.2    Hoor, P.3
  • 23
    • 0028193574 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of moist convection in the NCAR community climate model (CCM2)
    • Hack J.J. Parameterization of moist convection in the NCAR community climate model (CCM2). J.Geophys. Res. 1994, 99(D3):5551-5568. 10.1029/93JD03478.
    • (1994) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , Issue.D3 , pp. 5551-5568
    • Hack, J.J.1
  • 24
    • 0031411233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing and climate response
    • Hansen J., Sato M., Ruedy R. Radiative forcing and climate response. J.Geophys. Res. 1997, 102:6831-6864. 10.1029/96JD03436.
    • (1997) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 6831-6864
    • Hansen, J.1    Sato, M.2    Ruedy, R.3
  • 25
    • 0007385854 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of stratospheric ozone from high-flying aircraft, studied in a two-dimensional photochemical model with transport
    • Hesstvedt E. Reduction of stratospheric ozone from high-flying aircraft, studied in a two-dimensional photochemical model with transport. Can. J. Chem. 1974, 52(8):1592-1598. 10.1139/v74-231.
    • (1974) Can. J. Chem. , vol.52 , Issue.8 , pp. 1592-1598
    • Hesstvedt, E.1
  • 26
    • 84986777445 scopus 로고
    • Quasi steady-state approximation in air pollution modelling: comparison of two numerical schemes for oxidant prediction
    • Hesstvedt E., Hov Ö., Isaksen I.S.A. Quasi steady-state approximation in air pollution modelling: comparison of two numerical schemes for oxidant prediction. Int. J. Chem. Kinetics X 1978, 971-994. 10.1002/kin.550100907.
    • (1978) Int. J. Chem. Kinetics X , pp. 971-994
    • Hesstvedt, E.1    Hov, Ö.2    Isaksen, I.S.A.3
  • 27
    • 0017631010 scopus 로고
    • The tropospheric and stratospheric composition perturbed by NOx emissions of high-altitude aircraft
    • Hidalgo H., Crutzen P.J. The tropospheric and stratospheric composition perturbed by NOx emissions of high-altitude aircraft. J.Geophys. Res. 1977, 82:5833-5866. 10.1029/JC082i037p05833.
    • (1977) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.82 , pp. 5833-5866
    • Hidalgo, H.1    Crutzen, P.J.2
  • 29
    • 79960597303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainties in climate assessment for the case of aviation NO
    • Holmes C.D., Tang Q., Prather M.J. Uncertainties in climate assessment for the case of aviation NO. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2011, 108(27):10997-11002. 10.1073/pnas.1101458108.
    • (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.108 , Issue.27 , pp. 10997-11002
    • Holmes, C.D.1    Tang, Q.2    Prather, M.J.3
  • 30
    • 0025679644 scopus 로고
    • Ahigh resolution air mass transformation model for short-range weather forecasting
    • Holtslag A.A.M., DeBruijn E.I.F., Pan H.-L. Ahigh resolution air mass transformation model for short-range weather forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1990, 118:1561-1575. 10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<1561:AHRAMT>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 1561-1575
    • Holtslag, A.A.M.1    DeBruijn, E.I.F.2    Pan, H.-L.3
  • 32
    • 36249029420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICAO, last accessed (29.04.13.)
    • ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 2013, last accessed (29.04.13.). http://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Pages/modelling-and-databases.aspx.
    • (2013) International Civil Aviation Organization
  • 33
    • 84903758038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Civil aviation Organization (ICAO)/Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP), Agenda Item 4: Modeling and Databases Task Force (MODTF Goals Assessment Results
    • ICAO/CAEP
    • ICAO/CAEP International Civil aviation Organization (ICAO)/Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP), Agenda Item 4: Modeling and Databases Task Force (MODTF Goals Assessment Results. ICAO/CAEP Working Paper, Steering Group Meeting, Salvador, Brazil, 22-26 June 2009 2009.
    • (2009) ICAO/CAEP Working Paper, Steering Group Meeting, Salvador, Brazil, 22-26 June 2009
  • 38
    • 0027106996 scopus 로고
    • Impact of aircraft and surface emissions of nitrogen oxides on tropospheric ozone and global warming
    • Johnson C., Henshaw J., McInnes G. Impact of aircraft and surface emissions of nitrogen oxides on tropospheric ozone and global warming. Nature 1992, 355(6355):69-71. 10.1038/355069a0.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , Issue.6355 , pp. 69-71
    • Johnson, C.1    Henshaw, J.2    McInnes, G.3
  • 39
    • 34547239649 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of stratospheric ozone by nitrogen oxide catalysts from supersonic transport exhaust
    • Johnston H.S. Reduction of stratospheric ozone by nitrogen oxide catalysts from supersonic transport exhaust. Science 1971, 173:517-522. 10.1126/science.173.3996.517.
    • (1971) Science , vol.173 , pp. 517-522
    • Johnston, H.S.1
  • 40
    • 18144449447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aparameterization of cirrus cloud formation: homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosols
    • Kärcher B., Lohmann U. Aparameterization of cirrus cloud formation: homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosols. J.Geophys. Res. 2002, 107:4010,. 10.1029/2001JD000470.
    • (2002) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4010
    • Kärcher, B.1    Lohmann, U.2
  • 44
    • 84867740254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal variation of the effect of aviation NOx emissions on atmospheric ozone and methane and related climate metrics
    • Köhler M.O., Rädel G., Shine K.P., Rogers H.L., Pyle J.A. Latitudinal variation of the effect of aviation NOx emissions on atmospheric ozone and methane and related climate metrics. Atmos. Environ. 2013, 64:1-9. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.013.
    • (2013) Atmos. Environ. , vol.64 , pp. 1-9
    • Köhler, M.O.1    Rädel, G.2    Shine, K.P.3    Rogers, H.L.4    Pyle, J.A.5
  • 45
    • 0025691053 scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical-distribution of ozone
    • Lacis A.A., Wuebbles D.J., Logan J.A. Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical-distribution of ozone. J.Geophys. Res. 1990, 95:9971-9981. 10.1029/JD095iD07p09971.
    • (1990) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 9971-9981
    • Lacis, A.A.1    Wuebbles, D.J.2    Logan, J.A.3
  • 49
    • 0000581731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afast flux form semi-lagrangian transport scheme on the sphere
    • Lin S.J., Rood R.B. Afast flux form semi-lagrangian transport scheme on the sphere. Mon. Weather Rev. 1996, 124:2046-2070. 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<2046:MFFSLT>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1996) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.124 , pp. 2046-2070
    • Lin, S.J.1    Rood, R.B.2
  • 50
    • 70350001186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric tracers during the 2003-2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere
    • Liu Y., Liu C.X., Wang H.P., Tie X.X., Gao S.T., Kinnison D., Brasseur G. Atmospheric tracers during the 2003-2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9:2157-2170. 10.5194/acp-9-2157-2009.
    • (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 2157-2170
    • Liu, Y.1    Liu, C.X.2    Wang, H.P.3    Tie, X.X.4    Gao, S.T.5    Kinnison, D.6    Brasseur, G.7
  • 51
    • 0030377126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and performance of a new cloud microphysics scheme developed for the ECHAM general circulation model
    • Lohmann U., Roeckner E. Design and performance of a new cloud microphysics scheme developed for the ECHAM general circulation model. Clim. Dynam. 1996, 12:557-572. 10.1007/BF00207939.
    • (1996) Clim. Dynam. , vol.12 , pp. 557-572
    • Lohmann, U.1    Roeckner, E.2
  • 57
    • 0031426697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of spatial and temporal variations in the computation of radiative forcing and GWP
    • Myhre G., Stordal F. Role of spatial and temporal variations in the computation of radiative forcing and GWP. J.Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(D10):11181-11200. 10.1029/97JD00148.
    • (1997) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.D10 , pp. 11181-11200
    • Myhre, G.1    Stordal, F.2
  • 58
    • 84872340199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of global 3-D aviation emissions datasets
    • Olsen S.C., Wuebbles D.J., Owen B. Comparison of global 3-D aviation emissions datasets. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2013, 13:429-442. 10.5194/acp-13-429-2013.
    • (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.13 , pp. 429-442
    • Olsen, S.C.1    Wuebbles, D.J.2    Owen, B.3
  • 59
    • 77950378539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flying into the Future: Aviation Emissions Scenarios to 2050
    • Owen B., Lee D.S., Lim L. Flying into the Future: Aviation Emissions Scenarios to 2050. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44(7):2255-2260. 10.1021/es902530z.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , Issue.7 , pp. 2255-2260
    • Owen, B.1    Lee, D.S.2    Lim, L.3
  • 60
    • 2642552281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations of methane, water vapor, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide near the tropopause: Satellite observations and model simulations
    • Park M., Randel W.R., Kinnison D.E., Garcia R.R., Choi W. Seasonal variations of methane, water vapor, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide near the tropopause: Satellite observations and model simulations. J.Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:D03302. 10.1029/2003JD003706.
    • (2004) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Park, M.1    Randel, W.R.2    Kinnison, D.E.3    Garcia, R.R.4    Choi, W.5
  • 61
    • 17144458003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical distributions of lightning NOx for use in regional and global chemical transport models
    • Pickering K.E., Wang Y.S., Tao W.K., Price C., Muller J.F. Vertical distributions of lightning NOx for use in regional and global chemical transport models. J.Geophys. Res. 1998, 103(D23):31203-31216. 10.1029/98JD02651.
    • (1998) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , Issue.D23 , pp. 31203-31216
    • Pickering, K.E.1    Wang, Y.S.2    Tao, W.K.3    Price, C.4    Muller, J.F.5
  • 63
    • 85087578036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of Future Climate and Emission Changes on Stratospheric Aerosols and Ozone
    • Pitari G., Mancini E., Rizi V., Shindell D.T. Impact of Future Climate and Emission Changes on Stratospheric Aerosols and Ozone. J.Atmos. Sci. 2002, 59:414-440. 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0414:IOFCAE>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) J.Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 414-440
    • Pitari, G.1    Mancini, E.2    Rizi, V.3    Shindell, D.T.4
  • 64
    • 0001759056 scopus 로고
    • Numerical advection by conservation of second-order moments
    • Prather M.J. Numerical advection by conservation of second-order moments. J.Geophys. Res. 1986, 91(D6):6671-6681. 10.1029/JD091iD06p06671.
    • (1986) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , Issue.D6 , pp. 6671-6681
    • Prather, M.J.1
  • 66
    • 0031455432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOx from lightning 1. Global distribution based on lightning physics
    • Price C., Penner J., Prather M. NOx from lightning 1. Global distribution based on lightning physics. J.Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(D5):5929-5941. 10.1029/96JD03504.
    • (1997) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.D5 , pp. 5929-5941
    • Price, C.1    Penner, J.2    Prather, M.3
  • 67
    • 0018654755 scopus 로고
    • The role of stratospheric ozone in the zonal and seasonal radiative energy balance of the earth-troposphere system
    • Ramanathan V., Dickinson R. The role of stratospheric ozone in the zonal and seasonal radiative energy balance of the earth-troposphere system. J.Atmos. Sci. 1979, 36(6):1084-1104.
    • (1979) J.Atmos. Sci. , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1084-1104
    • Ramanathan, V.1    Dickinson, R.2
  • 69
    • 0000942149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representations of transport, convection, and the hydrological cycle in chemical transport models: Implications for the modeling of short-lived and soluble species
    • Rasch P.J., Mahowald N.M., Eaton B.E. Representations of transport, convection, and the hydrological cycle in chemical transport models: Implications for the modeling of short-lived and soluble species. J.Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(D23):28127-28138. 10.1029/97JD02084.
    • (1997) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.D23 , pp. 28127-28138
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Mahowald, N.M.2    Eaton, B.E.3
  • 73
    • 15544363624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical note: the new comprehensive atmospheric chemistry module mecca
    • Sander R., Kerkweg A., Jöckel P., Lelieveld J. Technical note: the new comprehensive atmospheric chemistry module mecca. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2005, 5:445-450. 10.5194/acp-5-445-2005.
    • (2005) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.5 , pp. 445-450
    • Sander, R.1    Kerkweg, A.2    Jöckel, P.3    Lelieveld, J.4
  • 76
    • 9144244269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of El Niño - Southern Oscillation on the dynamical, thermal, and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere
    • Sassi F., Kinnison D.E., Boville B.A., Garcia R.R., Roble R. Effect of El Niño - Southern Oscillation on the dynamical, thermal, and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere. J.Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:D17108. 10.1029/2003JD004434.
    • (2004) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Sassi, F.1    Kinnison, D.E.2    Boville, B.A.3    Garcia, R.R.4    Roble, R.5
  • 77
    • 0030616262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of nitrogen oxides emissions from aircraft upon the atmosphere at flight altitudes - results from the aeronox project
    • Schumann U. The impact of nitrogen oxides emissions from aircraft upon the atmosphere at flight altitudes - results from the aeronox project. Atmos. Environ. 1997, 31(12):1723-1733. 10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00326-3.
    • (1997) Atmos. Environ. , vol.31 , Issue.12 , pp. 1723-1733
    • Schumann, U.1
  • 78
    • 84876726139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The assessment of the impact of aviation NOx on ozone and other radiative forcing responses - The importance of representing cruise altitudes accurately
    • Skowron A., Lee D.S., de León R.R. The assessment of the impact of aviation NOx on ozone and other radiative forcing responses - The importance of representing cruise altitudes accurately. Atmos. Environ. 2013, 74:159-168. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.034.
    • (2013) Atmos. Environ. , vol.74 , pp. 159-168
    • Skowron, A.1    Lee, D.S.2    de León, R.R.3
  • 80
    • 46649106755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the chemical transport model Oslo CTM2 with focus on Arctic winter ozone depletion
    • Søvde O.A., Gauss M., Smyshlyaev S.P., Isaksen I.S.A. Evaluation of the chemical transport model Oslo CTM2 with focus on Arctic winter ozone depletion. J.Geophys. Res. 2008, 113(D09304):D09304. 10.1029/2007jd009240.
    • (2008) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.113 , Issue.D09304
    • Søvde, O.A.1    Gauss, M.2    Smyshlyaev, S.P.3    Isaksen, I.S.A.4
  • 81
    • 80052288807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ NO reaction: pre-industrial-to-present trends in atmospheric species and radiative forcings
    • 2+ NO reaction: pre-industrial-to-present trends in atmospheric species and radiative forcings. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11(17):8929-8943. 10.5194/acp-11-8929-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , Issue.17 , pp. 8929-8943
    • Søvde, O.A.1    Hoyle, C.R.2    Myhre, G.3    Isaksen, I.S.A.4
  • 83
    • 84966148288 scopus 로고
    • Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media
    • Stamnes K., Tsay S., Wiscombe W., Jayaweera K. Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media. Appl. Opt. 1988, 27(12):2502-2509. 10.1364/AO.27.002502.
    • (1988) Appl. Opt. , vol.27 , Issue.12 , pp. 2502-2509
    • Stamnes, K.1    Tsay, S.2    Wiscombe, W.3    Jayaweera, K.4
  • 84
    • 71949101601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the location of aircraft nitrogen oxide emissions affect their climate impact?
    • Stevenson D.S., Derwent R.G. Does the location of aircraft nitrogen oxide emissions affect their climate impact?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L17810. 10.1029/2009GL039422.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Stevenson, D.S.1    Derwent, R.G.2
  • 87
    • 84987142855 scopus 로고
    • Aparameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content
    • Sundqvist H. Aparameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content. Q.J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 1978, 104:677-690. 10.1002/qj.49710444110.
    • (1978) Q.J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.104 , pp. 677-690
    • Sundqvist, H.1
  • 88
    • 0002686882 scopus 로고
    • First results of the introduction of an advanced aerosol-radiation interaction in the ECMWF low resolution global model
    • A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA, H. Gerber, A. Deepak (Eds.)
    • Tanré D., Geleyn J.-F., Slingo J.M. First results of the introduction of an advanced aerosol-radiation interaction in the ECMWF low resolution global model. Aerosols and Their Climatic Effects 1984, 133-177. A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA. H. Gerber, A. Deepak (Eds.).
    • (1984) Aerosols and Their Climatic Effects , pp. 133-177
    • Tanré, D.1    Geleyn, J.-F.2    Slingo, J.M.3
  • 89
    • 0024839546 scopus 로고
    • Rapid calculation of radiative heating rates and photodissociation rates in inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres
    • Toon O.B., McKay C.P., Ackerman T.P., Santhanam K. Rapid calculation of radiative heating rates and photodissociation rates in inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres. J.Geophys. Res. 1989, 94:16287-16301. 10.1029/JD094iD13p16287.
    • (1989) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 16287-16301
    • Toon, O.B.1    McKay, C.P.2    Ackerman, T.P.3    Santhanam, K.4
  • 90
    • 0019308741 scopus 로고
    • 3 on the earth's climate
    • 3 on the earth's climate. Nature 1980, 286:589-590. 10.1038/286589a0.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.286 , pp. 589-590
    • Wang, W.C.1    Sze, N.D.2
  • 91
    • 79952659874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional model evaluation of the Ozone Depletion Potentials for n-propyl bromide, trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene
    • Wuebbles D.J., Patten K.O., Wang D., Youn D., Martnez-Aviles M., Francisco J.S. Three-dimensional model evaluation of the Ozone Depletion Potentials for n-propyl bromide, trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11:2371-2380. 10.5194/acp-11-2371-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 2371-2380
    • Wuebbles, D.J.1    Patten, K.O.2    Wang, D.3    Youn, D.4    Martnez-Aviles, M.5    Francisco, J.S.6
  • 92
    • 84871578922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the global contrail radiative forcing: a sensitivity analysis
    • Yi B., Yang P., Liou K.-N., Minnis P., Penner J.E. Simulation of the global contrail radiative forcing: a sensitivity analysis. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39(24):28. 10.1029/2012GL054042.
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39 , Issue.24 , pp. 28
    • Yi, B.1    Yang, P.2    Liou, K.-N.3    Minnis, P.4    Penner, J.E.5
  • 93
    • 39549095502 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian climate centre general circulation model
    • Zhang G.J., McFarlane N.A. Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian climate centre general circulation model. Atmos. Ocean. 1995, 33(3):407-446. 10.1080/07055900.1995.9649539.
    • (1995) Atmos. Ocean. , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 407-446
    • Zhang, G.J.1    McFarlane, N.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.