Coefficient of glucose variation is independently associated with mortality in critically ill patients receiving intravenous insulin

Critical Care

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2014, Pages

  Lanspa, Michael J ^a,b   Dickerson, Justin ^b   Morris, Alan H ^a,b   Orme, James F ^a,b   Holmen, John ^c   Hirshberg, Eliotte L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b INTERMOUNTAIN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c Center for Informatics Research   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; INSULIN; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL;

ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY SCORE; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CHARLSON COMORBIDITY INDEX; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; GENDER; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTOCOL COMPLIANCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SURVIVAL PREDICTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DRUG EFFECTS; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; TRENDS;

AGED; BLOOD GLUCOSE; COHORT STUDIES; CRITICAL ILLNESS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFUSIONS, INTRAVENOUS; INSULIN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 84903575420     PISSN: 13648535     EISSN: 1466609X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/cc13851     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P, Bouillon R. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:1359-1367. 10.1056/NEJMoa011300, 11794168.
2. Griesdale DE, de Souza RJ, van Dam RM, Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Malhotra A, Dhaliwal R, Henderson WR, Chittock DR, Finfer S, Talmor D. Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data. CMAJ 2009, 180:821-827. 10.1503/cmaj.090206, 2665940, 19318387.
3. Ingels C, Debaveye Y, Milants I, Buelens E, Peeraer A, Devriendt Y, Vanhoutte T, Van Damme A, Schetz M, Wouters PJ, van den Berghe G. Strict blood glucose control with insulin during intensive care after cardiac surgery: impact on 4-years survival, dependency on medical care, and quality-of-life. Eur Heart J 2006, 27:2716-2724. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi855, 16608860.
4. Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, Meersseman W, Wouters PJ, Milants I, Van Wijngaerden E, Bobbaers H, Bouillon R. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:449-461. 10.1056/NEJMoa052521, 16452557.
5. Preiser JC, Devos P, Ruiz-Santana S, Melot C, Annane D, Groeneveld J, Iapichino G, Leverve X, Nitenberg G, Singer P, Wernerman J, Joannidis M, Stecher A, Chioléro R. A prospective randomised multi-centre controlled trial on tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy in adult intensive care units: the Glucontrol study. Intensive Care Med 2009, 35:1738-1748. 10.1007/s00134-009-1585-2, 19636533.
6. Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F, Meier-Hellmann A, Ragaller M, Weiler N, Moerer O, Gruendling M, Oppert M, Grond S, Olthoff D, Jaschinski U, John S, Rossaint R, Welte T, Schaefer M, Kern P, Kuhnt E, Kiehntopf M, Hartog C, Natanson C, Loeffler M, Reinhart K. Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:125-139. 10.1056/NEJMoa070716, 18184958.
7. Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, Blair D, Foster D, Dhingra V, Bellomo R, Cook D, Dodek P, Henderson WR, Hébert PC, Heritier S, Heyland DK, McArthur C, McDonald E, Mitchell I, Myburgh JA, Norton R, Potter J, Robinson BG, Ronco JJ. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:1283-1297.
8. Qaseem A, Humphrey LL, Chou R, Snow V, Shekelle P. Use of intensive insulin therapy for the management of glycemic control in hospitalized patients: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2011, 154:260-267. 10.7326/0003-4819-154-4-201102150-00007, 21320941.
9. Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M, Einhorn D, Hellman R, Hirsch IB, Inzucchi SE, Ismail-Beigi F, Kirkman MS, Umpierrez GE. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Endocr Pract 2009, 15:353-369. 10.4158/EP09102.RA, 19454396.
10. Egi M, Bellomo R, Reade MC. Is reducing variability of blood glucose the real but hidden target of intensive insulin therapy?. Crit Care 2009, 13:302. 10.1186/cc7755, 2689479, 19435472.
11. Krinsley JS. Glycemic variability in critical illness and the end of Chapter 1. Crit Care Med 2010, 38:1206-1208. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181d3aba5, 20335697.
12. Ali NA, O'Brien JM, Dungan K, Phillips G, Marsh CB, Lemeshow S, Connors AF, Preiser JC. Glucose variability and mortality in patients with sepsis. Crit Care Med 2008, 36:2316-2321. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181810378, 3176449, 18596625.
13. Krinsley JS. Glycemic variability: a strong independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2008, 36:3008-3013. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31818b38d2, 18824908.
14. Hermanides J, Vriesendorp TM, Bosman RJ, Zandstra DF, Hoekstra JB, Devries JH. Glucose variability is associated with intensive care unit mortality. Crit Care Med 2010, 38:838-842. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181cc4be9, 20035218.
15. Egi M, Bellomo R, Stachowski E, French CJ, Hart G. Variability of blood glucose concentration and short-term mortality in critically ill patients. Anesthesiology 2006, 105:244-252. 10.1097/00000542-200608000-00006, 16871057.
16. Meyfroidt G, Keenan DM, Wang X, Wouters PJ, Veldhuis JD, Van den Berghe G. Dynamic characteristics of blood glucose time series during the course of critical illness: effects of intensive insulin therapy and relative association with mortality. Crit Care Med 2010, 38:1021-1029. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181cf710e, 20124887.
17. Krinsley JS. Glycemic variability and mortality in critically ill patients: the impact of diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2009, 3:1292-1301. 10.1177/193229680900300609, 2787029, 20144383.
18. Krinsley JS, Egi M, Kiss A, Devendra AN, Schuetz P, Maurer PM, Schultz MJ, van Hooijdonk RT, Kiyoshi M, Mackenzie IM, Annane D, Stow P, Nasraway SA, Holewinski S, Holzinger U, Preiser JC, Vincent JL, Bellomo R. Diabetic status and the relation of the three domains of glycemic control to mortality in critically ill patients: an international multicenter cohort study. Crit Care 2013, 17:R37. 10.1186/cc12547, 3733432, 23452622.
19. Sechterberger MK, Bosman RJ, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Siegelaar SE, Hermanides J, Hoekstra JB, De Vries JH. The effect of diabetes mellitus on the association between measures of glycaemic control and ICU mortality: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care 2013, 17:R52. 10.1186/cc12572, 3733428, 23510051.
20. Rodbard D. Clinical interpretation of indices of quality of glycemic control and glycemic variability. Postgrad Med 2011, 123:107-118. 10.3810/pgm.2011.07.2310, 21680995.
21. Morris AH, Orme J, Truwit JD, Steingrub J, Grissom C, Lee KH, Li GL, Thompson BT, Brower R, Tidswell M, Bernard GR, Sorenson D, Sward K, Zheng H, Schoenfeld D, Warner H. A replicable method for blood glucose control in critically Ill patients. Crit Care Med 2008, 36:1787-1795. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181743a5a, 18520641.
22. Thompson BT, Orme JF, Zheng H, Luckett PM, Truwit JD, Willson DF, Duncan Hite R, Brower RG, Bernard GR, Curley MA, Steingrub JS, Sorenson DK, Sward K, Hirshberg E, Morris A. Multicenter validation of a computer-based clinical decision support tool for glucose control in adult and pediatric intensive care units. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2008, 2:357-368. 10.1177/193229680800200304, 2769731, 19885199.
23. Morris AH, Orme J, Rocha BH, Holmen J, Clemmer T, Nelson N, Allen J, Jephson A, Sorenson D, Sward K, Warner H. An electronic protocol for translation of research results to clinical practice: a preliminary report. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2008, 2:802-808. 10.1177/193229680800200508, 2769803, 19885263.
24. Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol 1992, 45:613-619. 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90133-8, 1607900.
25. Charlson M, Szatrowski TP, Peterson J, Gold J. Validation of a combined comorbidity index. J Clin Epidemiol 1994, 47:1245-1251. 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90129-5, 7722560.
26. Harris JA, Benedict FG. A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1918, 4:370-373. 10.1073/pnas.4.12.370, 1091498, 16576330.
27. Lanspa MJ, Hirshberg EL, Phillips GD, Holmen J, Stoddard G, Orme J. Moderate glucose control is associated with increased mortality compared with tight glucose control in critically ill patients without diabetes. Chest 2013, 143:1226-1234. 10.1378/chest.12-2072, 3747722, 23238456.
28. Finfer S, Liu B, Chittock DR, Norton R, Myburgh JA, McArthur C, Mitchell I, Foster D, Dhingra V, Henderson WR, Ronco JJ, Bellomo R, Cook D, McDonald E, Dodek P, Hébert PC, Heyland DK, Robinson BG, NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators Hypoglycemia and risk of death in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2012, 367:1108-1118. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators.
29. Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R, Jacka MJ, Egi M, Hart GK, George C. The impact of early hypoglycemia and blood glucose variability on outcome in critical illness. Crit Care 2009, 13:R91. 10.1186/cc7921, 2717463, 19534781.
30. Krinsley JS. Glycemic control, diabetic status, and mortality in a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients before and during the era of intensive glycemic management: six and one-half years experience at a university-affiliated community hospital. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006, 18:317-325. 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2006.12.003, 17395028.
31. Egi M, Bellomo R, Stachowski E, French CJ, Hart GK, Hegarty C, Bailey M. Blood glucose concentration and outcome of critical illness: the impact of diabetes. Crit Care Med 2008, 36:2249-2255. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318181039a, 18664780.
32. Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Milants I, Wouters PJ, Bouckaert B, Bruyninckx F, Bouillon R, Schetz M. Intensive insulin therapy in mixed medical/surgical intensive care units: benefit versus harm. Diabetes 2006, 55:3151-3159. 10.2337/db06-0855, 17065355.
33. Rady MY, Johnson DJ, Patel BM, Larson JS, Helmers RA. Influence of individual characteristics on outcome of glycemic control in intensive care unit patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Mayo Clin Proc 2005, 80:1558-1567. 10.4065/80.12.1558, 16342648.
34. Hirshberg E, Larsen G, Van Duker H. Alterations in glucose homeostasis in the pediatric intensive care unit: Hyperglycemia and glucose variability are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2008, 9:361-366. 10.1097/PCC.0b013e318172d401, 18496414.
35. Monnier L, Mas E, Ginet C, Michel F, Villon L, Cristol JP, Colette C. Activation of oxidative stress by acute glucose fluctuations compared with sustained chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA 2006, 295:1681-1687. 10.1001/jama.295.14.1681, 16609090.
36. Quagliaro L, Piconi L, Assaloni R, Martinelli L, Motz E, Ceriello A. Intermittent high glucose enhances apoptosis related to oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: the role of protein kinase C and NAD(P)H-oxidase activation. Diabetes 2003, 52:2795-2804. 10.2337/diabetes.52.11.2795, 14578299.
37. Risso A, Mercuri F, Quagliaro L, Damante G, Ceriello A. Intermittent high glucose enhances apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001, 281:E924-E930.
38. Siegelaar SE, Hickmann M, Hoekstra JB, Holleman F, DeVries JH. The effect of diabetes on mortality in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2011, 15:R205. 10.1186/cc10440, 3334749, 21914173.
39. Vincent JL, Preiser JC, Sprung CL, Moreno R, Sakr Y. Insulin-treated diabetes is not associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2010, 14:R12. 10.1186/cc8866, 2875526, 20132545.
40. Graham BB, Keniston A, Gajic O, Trillo Alvarez CA, Medvedev S, Douglas IS. Diabetes mellitus does not adversely affect outcomes from a critical illness. Crit Care Med 2010, 38:16-24. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181b9eaa5, 19789450.
41. Krinsley JS, Meyfroidt G, van den Berghe G, Egi M, Bellomo R. The impact of premorbid diabetic status on the relationship between the three domains of glycemic control and mortality in critically ill patients. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2012, 15:151-160. 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32834f0009, 22234163.
42. Krinsley JS, Fisher M. The diabetes paradox: diabetes is not independently associated with mortality in critically ill patients. Hosp Pract (1995) 2012, 40:31-35. 10.3810/hp.2012.04.967, 22615076.
43. Klip A, Tsakiridis T, Marette A, Ortiz PA. Regulation of expression of glucose transporters by glucose: a review of studies in vivo and in cell cultures. FASEB J 1994, 8:43-53.
44. Huang JP, Huang SS, Deng JY, Hung LM. Impairment of insulin-stimulated Akt/GLUT4 signaling is associated with cardiac contractile dysfunction and aggravates I/R injury in STZ-diabetic rats. J Biomed Sci 2009, 16:77. 10.1186/1423-0127-16-77, 2740847, 19706162.
45. Hoedemaekers CW, Klein Gunnewiek JM, Prinsen MA, Willems JL, Van der Hoeven JG. Accuracy of bedside glucose measurement from three glucometers in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2008, 36:3062-3066. 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318186ffe6, 18824915.
46. Inoue S, Egi M, Kotani J, Morita K. Accuracy of blood-glucose measurements using glucose meters and arterial blood gas analyzers in critically ill adult patients: systematic review. Crit Care 2013, 17:R48. 10.1186/cc12567, 3672636, 23506841.