Plant growth inhibitors: Allelopathic role or phytotoxic effects? Focus on Mediterranean biomes

Phytochemistry Reviews

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 803-830

  Scognamiglio, Monica ^a   D'Abrosca, Brigida ^a   Esposito, Assunta ^a   Pacifico, Severina ^a   Monaco, Pietro ^a   Fiorentino, Antonio ^a  

^a SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

Author keywords

Allelopathy; Bioassays; Mediterrantean plants; Phytotoxicity; Plant growth inhibitors

Indexed keywords

GROWTH INHIBITOR; HERBICIDE;

AGRICULTURAL LAND; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; ALLELOPATHY; BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGION; BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; BIOME; CHAPARRAL; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHILEAN MATORRAL; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; FYNBOS; GERMINATION; GROWTH REGULATION; HERB; LAND BIOME; MALLEE; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PHYTOCHEMISTRY; PHYTOTOXICITY; PLANT GROWTH; PLANT HERBIVORE INTERACTION; PLANT INSECT INTERACTION; PLANT MICROORGANISM INTERACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SHRUB; SOUTHERN EUROPE; TREE;

EID: 84902546264     PISSN: 15687767     EISSN: 1572980X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11101-013-9281-9     Document Type: Review

References (225)

1. Akemo MC, Regnier EE, Bennet MA (2000) Weed suppression in spring-sown rye (Secale cereale) - pea (Pisum sativum) cover crop mixes. Weed Technol 14:545-549 (Pubitemid 33145672)
2. Alrababah M, Tadros MJ, Samarah NH, Ghosheh H (2009) Allelopathic effects of Pinus halepensis and Quercus coccifera on the germination of Mediterranean crop seeds. New For 38:261-272
3. An M, Prateley JE, Haig T (2001) Phytotoxicity of Vulpia residues: III: biological activity of identifies allelochemicals from Vulpia myuoros. J Chem Ecol 27:383-394 (Pubitemid 32467361)
4. Angelini LG, Carpanese G, Cioni PL, Morelli I, Macchia M, Flamini G (2003) Essential oils from Mediterranean Lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors. J Agric Food Chem 51(21):6158-6164
5. Araniti F, Sorgonà A, Lupini A, Abenavoli MR (2012) Screening of Mediterranean wild plant species for allelopathic activity and their use as bio-herbicides. Allelopath J 29(1):107-124
6. Baerson SR, Sánchez-Moreiras A, Pedrol-Bonjoch N, Schulz M, Kagan IA, Agarwal AK, Reigosa MJ, Duke SO (2005) Detoxification and transcriptome response in Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to the allelochemical benzoxazolin-3(3H)-one. J Biol Chem 280:21867-21881 (Pubitemid 40827838)
7. Ballester A, Albo JM, Vieitez E (1977) The allelopathic potential of Erica scoparia L. Oecologia 30:55-61
8. Batish DR, Setia N, Singh H, Kohli RK (2004) Phytotoxicity of lemon-scented eucalypt oil and its potential use as a bioherbicide. Crop Prot 23:1209-1214 (Pubitemid 39483947)
9. Batish DR, Singh HP, Kaur S, Kohli RK (2006a) Phytotoxicity of Ageratum conyzoides residues towards growth and nodulation of Cicer arietinum. Agric Ecosys Env 113:399-401 (Pubitemid 43207381)
10. Batish DR, Singh HP, Setia N, Kaur S, Kohli RK (2006b) Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of volatile essential oilfrom intact and fallen leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora. Z Naturforsch 61:465-471 (Pubitemid 44367438)
11. Batish DR, Singh HP, Setia N, Kaura S, Kohli RK (2006c) Chemical composition and inhibitory activity of essential oil from decaying leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora. Z Naturforsch 61:52-56
12. Batish DR, Lavanya K, Singh HP, Kohli RK (2007) Phenolic allelochemicals released by Chenopodium murale affect the growth, nodulation and macromolecules content in chickpea and pea. Plant Growth Regul 51:119-128
13. Batish DR, Singh HP, Kohli RK, Kaur S (2008) Eucalyptus essential oil as a natural pesticide. For Ecol Manag 256:2166-2174
14. Belz RG (2007) Allelopathy in crop/weed interactions - an update. Pest Manag Sci 63:308-326
15. Belz RG, Hurle K (2004) A novel laboratory screening bioassay for crop seedling allelopathy. J Chem Ecol 30(1):175-198 (Pubitemid 38250392)
16. Bertin C, Harmon R, Akaogi M, Weidenhamer JD, Weston LA (2009) Assessment of the phytotoxic potential of m-tyrosine in laboratory soil bioassays. J Chem Ecol 35:1288-1294
17. Bhadoria PBS (2011) Allelopathy: a natural way towards weed management. Am J Exp Agric 1:7-20
18. Blair AC, Weston LA, Nissen SJ, Brunk GR, Hufbauer R (2009) The importance of analytical techniques in allelopathy studies with the reported allelochemical catechin as an example. Biol Invasions 11:325-332
19. Bonanomi G, Sicurezza MG, Caporaso S, Esposito A, Mazzoleni S (2006) Phytotoxicity dynamics of decaying plant materials. New Phytol 169:571-578
20. Bonamoni G, Esposito A, Mazzoleni S (2012) Plant soil feedback in herbaceous species of Mediterranean coastal dunes. Biol Lett 49(1):53-62
21. Bousquet-Mélou A, Louis S, Robles C, Greff S, Dupouyet S, Fernandez C (2005) Allelopathic potential of Medicago arborea, a Mediterranean invasive shrub. Chemoecology 15(4):193-198 (Pubitemid 41697445)
22. Bran D, Lobréaux O, Maistre M, Perret P, Romane F (1990) Germination of Quercus ilex and Q. pubescens in a Q. ilex coppice. Long-term consequences. Vegetatio 87(1):45-50
23. Brown NAC, Botha PA (2004) Smoke seed germination studies and a guide to seed propagation of plants from the major families of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. S Afr J Bot 70(4):559-581
24. Bruce TJA, Pickett JA (2007) Plant defence signalling induced by biotic attacks. Curr Opin Plant Biol 10:387-392
25. Callaway RM, Ridenour WM (2004) Novel weapons: invasive success and the evolution of increased competitive ability. Front Ecol Environ 2:436-443
26. Callaway RM, Walker LR (1997) Competition and facilitation: a synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities. Ecology 78:1958-1965
27. Camps M, Briand JF, Guentas-Dombrowsky L, Culioli G, Bazire A, Blache Y (2011) Antifouling activity of commercial biocides vs. natural and natural-derived products assessed by marine bacteria adhesion bioassay. Mar Pollut Bull 62:1032-1040
28. Cangiano T, DellaGreca M, Fiorentino A, Isidori M, Monaco P, Zarrelli A (2001) Lactone diterpenes from the aquatic plant Potamogeton natans. Phytochemistry 56:469-473 (Pubitemid 32193093)
29. Cangiano T, DellaGreca M, Fiorentino A, Isidori M, Monaco P, Zarrelli A (2002) Effect of ent-labdane diterpenes from Potamogetonaceae on Selenastrum capricornutum and other aquatic organisms. J Chem Ecol 28:1103-1114
30. Castaldi S, Carfora A, Fiorentino A, Natale A, Messere A, Miglietta F, Cotrufo MF (2009) Inhibition of net nitrification activity in a Mediterranean woodland: possible role of chemicals produced by Arbutus unedo. Plant Soil 315:273-283
31. Chaimovitsh D, Abu-Abied M, Belausov E, Rubin B, Dudai N, Sadot E (2010) Microtubules are an intracellular target of the plant terpene citral. Plant J 61:399-408
32. Chaves N, Escudero JC (1997) Allelopathic effect of Cistus ladanifer on seed germination. Funct Ecol 11:432-440 (Pubitemid 27369836)
33. Chaves N, Sosa T, Alías JC, Escudero JC (2001a) Identification and effects of the interaction of allelopathic compounds from the exudate of Cistus ladanifer leaves. J Chem Ecol 27(3):611-621 (Pubitemid 32554193)
34. Chaves N, Sosa T, Escudero JC (2001b) Plant growth inhibiting flavonoids in exudate of Cistus ladanifer and in associated soils. J Chem Ecol 27(3):623-631 (Pubitemid 32554194)
35. Chaves Lobón N, Alías Gallego JC, Sosa Díaz T, Escudero García JC (2002) Allelopathic potential of Cistus ladanifer chemicals in response to variations of light and temperature. Chemoecology 12:139-145
36. Chiapusio G, Pellissier F, Gallet CJ (2004) Uptake and translocation of phytochemical 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) in radish seeds and seedlings. Exp Bot 55(402):1587-1592 (Pubitemid 38940871)
37. Chon SU, Kim JD (2002) Biological activity and quantification of suspected allelochemicals from alfalfa plant parts. J Agron Crop Sci 188:281-285
38. Chon SU, Kim JD (2005) Allelopathic potential of Xanthium occidentale extracts and residues. Korean J Weed Sci 25:163-170
39. Chon SU, Nelson CJ (2010) Allelopathy in compositae plants. Agron Sust Dev 30:349-358
40. Christensen NL, Muller CH (1975) Relative importance of factors controlling germination and seedling survival in Adenostoma Chaparral. Am Midl Nat 93:71-78
41. D'Abrosca B, DellaGreca M, Fiorentino A, Isidori M, Monaco P, Pacifico S (2006) Chemical constituents of the aquatic plant Schoenoplectus lacustris: evaluation of the phytotoxic effects on the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. J Chem Ecol 32:81-96
42. D'Abrosca B, Scognamiglio M, Tsafantakis N, Fiorentino A, Monaco P (2010) Phytotoxic chlorophyll derivatives from Petrorhagia velutina (Guss.) Ball et Heyw leaves. Nat Prod Commun 5(1):99-102
43. Dayan FE, Cantrell CL, Duke SO (2009) Natural products in crop protection. Bioorg Ned Chem 17:4022-4034
44. De Albuquerque MB, Dos Santos RC, Lima LM, Melo Filho PA, Nogueira RJMC, Da Camara CAG, Ramos AR (2011) Allelopathy, an alternative tool to improve cropping systems. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 31:379-395
45. de Bertoldi C, De Leo M, Braca A, Ercoli L (2009) Bioassay-guided isolation of allelochemicals from Avena sativa L.: allelopathic potential of flavone C-glycosides. Chemoecology 19:169-176
46. De Martino L, Roscigno G, Mancini E, De Falco E, De Feo V (2010) Chemical composition and antigerminative activity of the essential oils from five Salvia species. Molecules 15:735-746
47. Deleuil G (1951) Origine des substances toxiques du sol des associations sans therophytes due Rosma-riono-Ericion. Compt Rend Acad Sci Paris 232:2038-2039
48. DellaGreca M, Fiorentino A, Monaco P, Pinto G, Pollio A, Previtera L (1996) Action of antialgal compounds from Juncus effusus L. on Selenastrum capricornutum. J Chem Ecol 22(3):587-603 (Pubitemid 126711198)
49. DellaGreca M, Ferrara M, Fiorentino A, Monaco P, Previtera L (1998a) Antialgal compounds from Zantedeschia aethiopica. Phytochemistry 49(5):1299-1304 (Pubitemid 28524940)
50. DellaGreca M, Fiorentino A, Monaco P, Pinto G, Pollio A, Previtera L, Zarrelli A (1998b) Structural characterization and antialgal activity of compounds from Pistia stratiotes exudates. Allelopath J 5(1):53-66 (Pubitemid 128462233)
51. DellaGreca M, Fiorentino A, Isidori M, Monaco P, Zarrelli A (2000) Antialgal ent-labdane diterpenes from Ruppia maritima. Phytochemistry 55(8):909-913
52. DellaGreca M, Fiorentino A, Isidori M, Monaco P, Temussi F, Zarrelli A (2001a) Antialgal furano-diterpenes from Potamogeton natans L. Phytochemistry 58(2):299-304
53. DellaGreca M, Monaco P, Pinto G, Pollio A, Previtera L, Temussi F (2001b) Phytotoxicity of low-molecular-weight phenols from olive oil wastewaters. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 67(3):357-359
54. DellaGreca M, Fiorentino A, Isidori M (2003) Bioactive compounds from Potamogetonaceae on aquatic organisms. In Macias FA, Galindo JCG, Molinillo JMG, Cuttler HG (eds) Recent advances in allelopathy vol II - a science for the future. Cadiz, CRC Press, pp 35-56
55. DellaGreca M, Mancino A, Previtera L, Zarrelli A, Zuppolini S (2011) Lignans from Phyllirea angustifolia L. Phytochem Lett 4:118-121
56. Di Castri F, Mooney HA (1973) Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Origin and structure. Ecological Studies, vol 7. Springer, Berlin
57. Dias LS, Moreira I (2002) Interaction between water soluble and volatile compounds of Cistus ladanifer L. Chemoecology 12:77-82 (Pubitemid 34623367)
58. Ding J, Sun Y, Xiao CL, Shi K, Zhou YH, Yu JQ (2007) Physiological basis of different allelopathic reactions of cucumber and figleaf gourd plants to cinnamic acid. J Exp Bot 58:3765-3773 (Pubitemid 350233010)
59. Duke SO, Dayan FE, Romagni JG, Rimando AM (2000) Natural products as sources of herbicides: current status and future trends. Weed Res 40:99-111 (Pubitemid 30106761)
60. El Marsni Z, Casas L, Mantell C, Rodríguez M, Torres A, Macías FA, Martínez De La Ossa EJ, Varela RM (2011) Potential allelopathic of the fractions obtained from sunflower leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluid 60:28-37
61. Esmaeili M, Heidarzade A, Esmaeili F (2012) Quantifying of common allelochemicals in root exudates of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and inhibitory potential against rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 12(6):700-705
62. Esposito A, Fiorentino A, D'Abrosca B, Izzo A, Cefarelli G, Golino A, Monaco P (2008) Potential allelopathic interference of Melilotus neapolitana on three coexisting species of Mediterranean herbaceous plant community. J Plant Interact 3:199-210
63. Farooq M, Jabran K, Cheema ZA, Wahid A, Siddique KHM (2011) The role of allelopathy in agricultural pest management. Pest Manag Sci 67:493-506
64. Fernandez C, Lelong B, Vila B, Mevy JP, Robles C, Greff S, Dupouyet S, Bousquet-Melou A (2006) Allelopathic potential of Pinus halepensis in secondary succession on abandon agricultural land. Chemoecol 16:97-105 (Pubitemid 43801393)
65. Fernandez C, Voiriot S, Mevy JP, Vila B, Ormeño E, Dupouyet S, Bousquet-Melou A (2008) Regeneration failure of Pinus halepensis Mill.: the role of autotoxicity and some abiotic environmental parameters. For Ecol Manage 255:2928-2936
66. Fernandez C, Monnier Y, Ormeño E, Baldy V, Greff S, Pasqualini V, Mévy JP, Bousquet-Mélou A (2009) Variations in allelochemical composition of leachates of different organs and maturity stages of Pinus halepensis. J Chem Ecol 35:970-979
67. Fernandez C, Santonja M, Gros R, Monnier Y, Chomel M, Baldy V, Bousquet-Mélou A (2013) Allelochemicals of Pinus halepensis as drivers of biodiversity in Mediterranean open mosaic habitats during the colonization stage of secondary succession. J Chem Ecol. doi:10.1007/s10886-013-0239-6
68. Fiorentino A, Gentili A, Isidori M, Monaco P, Nardelli A, Parrella A, Temussi F (2003) Environmental effects caused by olive mill wastewaters: toxicity comparison of low-molecular weight phenol components. J Agric Food Chem 51(4):1005-1009
69. Fiorentino A, D'Abrosca B, Izzo A, Pacifico S, Monaco P (2006a) Structural elucidation and bioactivity of novel secondary metabolites from Carex distachya. Tetrahedron 62:3259-3265
70. Fiorentino A, D'Abrosca B, Pacifico S, Natale A, Monaco P (2006b) Structures of bioactive carexanes from the roots of Carex distachya Desf. Phytochemistry 67:971-977 (Pubitemid 43766857)
71. Fiorentino A, DellaGreca M, D'Abrosca B, Golino A, Pacifico S, Izzo A, Monaco P (2006c) Unusual sesquiterpene glucosides from Amaranthus retroflexus. Tetrahedron 62:8952-8958 (Pubitemid 44176093)
72. Fiorentino A, Castaldi S, D'Abrosca B, Natale A, Carfora A, Messere A, Monaco P (2007a) Polyphenols from the hydroalcoholic extract of Arbutus unedo living in a monospecific Mediterranean woodland. Biochem Syst Ecol 35(11):809-811 (Pubitemid 47451641)
73. Fiorentino A, DellaGreca M, D'Abrosca B, Oriano P, Golino A, Izzo A, Zarrelli A, Monaco P (2007b) Lignans, neolignans and sesquilignans from Cestrum parqui L'Herr. Biochem Syst Ecol 35:392-396 (Pubitemid 46507701)
74. Fiorentino A, D'Abrosca B, DellaGreca M, Izzo A, Natale A, Pascarella MT, Pacifico S, Zarrelli A, Monaco P (2008a) Chemical characterization of new oxylipins from Cestrum parqui and their effects on seed germination and early seedling growth. Chem Biodiv 5:1780-1791
75. Fiorentino A, D'Abrosca B, Pacifico S, Izzo A, Letizia M, Esposito A, Monaco P (2008b) Potential allelopathic effects of stilbenoids and flavonoids from leaves of Carex distachya Desf. Biochem Syst Ecol 36(9):691-698
76. Fiorentino A, D'Abrosca B, Esposito A, Izzo A, Pascarella MT, D'Angelo G, Monaco P (2009a) Potential allelopathic effect of neo-clerodane diterpenes from Teucrium chamaedrys (L.) on stenomediterranean and weed cosmopolitan species. Biochem Syst Ecol 37(4):349-353
77. Fiorentino A, Ricci A, D'Abrosca B, Golino A, Izzo A, Pascarella MT, Piccolella S, Esposito A (2009b) Kaempferol glycosides from Lobularia maritima and their potential role in plant interactions. Chem Biodiv 6(2):204-217
78. Fiorentino A, D'Abrosca B, Pacifico S, Izzo A, D'Angelo G, Monaco P (2010) Bioactive clerodane diterpenes from roots of Carex distachya. Nat Prod Commun 5(10):1539-1542
79. Friedman J (1995) Allelopathy, autotoxicity, and germination. In: Kigel J, Galili G (eds) Seed development and germination. New York, Marcel Dekker, pp 629-644
80. Fritz JI, Braun R (2006) Ecotoxicological effects of benzoxazinone allelochemicals and their metabolites on aquatic nontarget organisms. J Agric Food Chem 54:1105-1110 (Pubitemid 43374197)
81. Fujii Y, Furubayashi A, Hiradate S (200b) Rhizosphere soil method: a new bioassay to evaluate allelopathy in the field. In: Harper JDI, An M, Wu H, Kent JH (eds) Proceedings of the 4th world congress on allelopathy, "Establishing the Scientific Base", Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, 21-26 August 2005, pp 490-492
82. Fujii Y, Parvez SS, Parvez MM, Ohmae Y, Lida O (2003) Screening of 239 medicinal plant species for allelopathic activity using the sandwich method. Weed Biol Manag 3:233-241 (Pubitemid 38038924)
83. Fujii Y, Shibuya T, Nakatani K, Itani T, Hiradate S, Parvez M (2004) Assesssment method for allelopathic effect from leaf litter leachates. Weed Biol Manag 4:19-23 (Pubitemid 38390977)
84. Fujii Y, Matsuyama M, Hiradate S, Shimozawa H (2005a) Dish pack method: a new bioassay for volatile allelopathy. In: Harper JDI, An M, Wu H, Kent JH (eds) Proceedings of the 4th world congress on allelopathy, "Establishing the Scientific Base", Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, 21-26 August 2005, pp 493-497
85. Gatti AB, Ferreira AG, Arduin M, de Andrade G, Perez SC (2010) Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Artistolochia esperanzae O.Kuntze on development of Sesamum indicum L. seedlings. Acta Bot Bras 24:454-461
86. Golisz A, Sugano M, Fuji Y (2008) Microarray expression profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana L. in response to allelochemicals identified in buckwheat. J Exp Bot 59:3099-3109
87. Grossmann K, Hutzler J, Tresch S, Christiansen N, Looser R, Ehrhardt T (2012) On the mode of action of the herbicides cinmethylin and 5-benzyloxymethyl-1,2-isoxazolines: putative inhibitors of plant tyrosine aminotransferase. Pest Manag Sci 68:482-492
88. Hadacek F, Bachmann G, Engelmeier D, Chobot V (2011) Hormesis and a chemical raison d'être for secondary plant metabolites. Dose-Response 9:79-116
89. Hall MH, Blum U, Fites RC (1982) Stress modification of allelopathy of Helianthus annuus L., debris on seed germination. Am J Bot 69:776-783
90. Halligan JP (1973) Bare areas associated with shrub stands in grassland: the case of "Artemisia californica". BioSci 23(7):429-432
91. Halligan JP (1975) Terpenes from Artemisia californica. Ecology 56(4):999-1003
92. Hao ZP, Wang Q, Christie P, Li XL (2007) Allelopathic potential of watermelon tissues and root exudates. Sci Hortic 112:315-320 (Pubitemid 46467091)
93. He W-M, Feng Y, Ridenour WM, Thelen GC, Pollock JL, Diaconu A, Callaway RM (2009) Novel weapons and invasion: biogeographic differences in the competitive effects of Centaurea maculosa and its root exudate (±)-catechin. Oecologia 159:803-815
94. Herranz JM, Ferrandis P, Copete MA, Duro EM, Zalacain A (2006) Effect of allelopathic compounds produced by Cistus ladanifer on germination of 20 Mediterranean taxa. Plant Ecol 184:259-272 (Pubitemid 43998058)
95. Hoagland RE, Williams RD (1985) The influence of secondary plant compounds on the associations of soil microorganisms and plant roots. In: Thompson AC (ed) The chemistry of allelopathy: biochemical interactions among plants. American Chemical Society symposium series 268. ACS, Washington, DC, pp 301-325
96. Hooper AM, Tsanuo MK, Chamberlain K, Tittcomb K, Scholes J, Hassanali A, Khan ZR, Pickett JA (2010) Isoschaftoside, a C-glycosylflavonoid from Desmodium uncinatum root exudate, is an allelochemical against the development of Striga. Phytochemistry 71(8-9):904-908
97. Huang PM, Wang MC, Wang MK (1999) Catalytic transformation of phenolic compounds in the soil. In: Inderjit, Dakshini KMM, Foy CL (eds) Principles and practices in plant ecology: allelochemical interactions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 287-306
98. 3 perennial species. J Exp Bot 62:4533-4545
99. Inderjit, Bhowmik PC (2002) The importance of allelochemicals in weed invasiveness and the natural suppression. In: Inderjit, Mallik AU (eds) Chemical ecology of plant: allelopathy of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Birkhauser Verlag, Basal, AG, pp 187-192
100. Inderjit, Callaway RM (2003) Experimental designs for the study of allelopathy. Plant Soil 256:1-11
101. Inderjit, Dakshini KMM (1995) On laboratory bioassays in allelopathy. Botan Rev 61:28-44
102. Inderjit, Nilsen ET (2003) Bioassays and field studies for allelopathy in terrestrial plants: progress and problems. Crit Rev Plant Sci 22:221-238
103. Inderjit, Weston LA (2000) Are laboratory bioassays for allelopathy suitable for prediction of field response? J Chem Ecol 26:2111-2118
104. Inderjit, Cheng CH, Nishimura H (1999) Plant phenolics and terpenoids. Transformation, degradation, and potential for allelopathic interactions. In: Inderjit, Dakshini KMM, Foy CL (eds) Principles and practices in plant ecology: allelochemical interactions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 255-556
105. Inderjit, von Dahl CC, von Baldwin IT (2009) Use of silenced plants in allelopathy bioassays: a novel approach. Planta 229:569-575
106. Iqbal Z, Hiradate S, Noda A, Isojima S-I, Fujii Y (2002) Allelopathy of buckwheat: assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of aerial parts of buckwheat and identification of fagomine and other related alkaloids as allelochemicals. Weed Biol Manag 2:110-115
107. Ismail A, Lamia H, Mohsen H, Bassem J (2011) Chemical composition of Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp macrocarpa essential oil and study of their herbicidal effects on germination and seedling growth of weeds. Asian J Appl Sci 4(8):771-779
108. Izhaki I (2002) Emodin - a secondary metabolite with multiple ecological functions in higher plants. New Phytol 155:205-217
109. Josie S, Gillepsie AR (1998) Allelopathy in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) alley cropping. II. Effects of juglone on hydroponically grown corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) growth and physiology. Plant Soil 203:199-206
110. Kato-Noguchi H (2003) Assessment of allelopathic potential of shoot powder of lemon balm. Sci Hortic 97:419-423
111. Kato-Noguchi H, Thi HL, Sasaki H, Suenaga K (2012) A potent allelopathic substance in cucumber plants and allelopathy of cucumber. Acta Physiol Plant 34:2045-2049
112. Keeley JE, Morton BA, Pedrosa A, Trotter P (1985) Role of allelopathy, heat and charred wood in the germination of Chaparral herbs and suffrutescents. J Ecol 73(2):445-458 (Pubitemid 16279878)
113. Kim SY, Madrid AV, Park ST, Yang SJ, Olofsdotter M (2005) Evaluation of rice allelopathy in hydroponics. Weed Res 45:74-79 (Pubitemid 40218227)
114. Kiraly Z, Farkas GL (1962) Relation between phenol metabolism and stem rust resistance in wheat. Phytopathol 52(7):657-664
115. Klionsky SM, Amatangelo KL, Waller DM (2011) Above- and belowground impacts of European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) on four native forbs. Restor Ecol 19:728-737
116. Kong C, Wenju L, Xu X, Hu F, Wang P, Jiang Y (2004) Release and activity of allelochemicals from allelopathic rice seedlings. J Agric Food Chem 52:2861-2865
117. Kordali S, Cakir A, Ozer H, Cakmakci R, Kesdek M, Mete E (2008) Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene. Bioresour Technol 99:8788-8795
118. Labbafi MR, Hejazi A, Maighany F, Khalaj H, Mehrafarin A (2010) Evaluation of alleopathic potential of Iranian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars against weeds. Agric Biol J N Am 1:355-361
119. Lee DL, Prisbylla MP, Cromartie TH, Dargarin DP, Howard SE, Provan WM, Ellis MK (1997) The discovery and structural requirements of inhibitors of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenases. Weed Sci 45:601-609 (Pubitemid 27414158)
120. Linght ME, Burger BV, Staerk D, Van Staden LKJ (2010) Butenolides from plant-derived smoke: natural plant-growth regulators with antagonistic actions on seed germination. J Nat Prod 73(2):267-269
121. Liu DL, Christian NE (1996) Bioactivity of a pentapeptide isolated from corn gluten hydrolysate on Lolium perenne L. J Plant Growth Regul 15:13-17 (Pubitemid 126565853)
122. Loi RX, Solar MC, Weidenhamer JD (2008) Solid-phase microextraction method for in vivo measurement of allelochemical uptake. J Chem Ecol 34:70-75
123. Macías FA, Simonet AM, Esteban MD (1994) Potential allelopathic lupane triterpenes from bioactive fractions of Melilotus messanensis. Phytochemistry 36:1369-1379 (Pubitemid 2133903)
124. Macías FA, Simonet AM, Galindo JCG (1997) Bioactive Steroids and Triterpenes from Melilotus messanensis and Their Allelopathic Potential. J Chem Ecol 23:1781-1803 (Pubitemid 27347644)
125. Macías FA, Oliva RM, Varela RM, Torres A, Molinillo JMG (1999a) Allelochemicals from sunflowers leaves cv. Peredovick. Phytochemistry 53:613-621
126. Macías FA, Simonet AM, Galindo JCG, Castellano D (1999b) Bioactive phenolics and polar compounds from Melilotus messanensis. Phytochemistry 50:35-46 (Pubitemid 29006122)
127. Macías FA, Castellano D, Molinillo JMG (2000) Search for a standard phytotoxic bioassay for allelochemicals. Selection of standard target species. J Agric Food Chem 48(6):2512-2521 (Pubitemid 30431268)
128. Macías FA, Torres A, Galindo JCG, Varela RM, Alvarez JA, Molinillo JMG (2002) Bioactive terpenoids from sunflower leaves cv. Peredovick. Phytochemistry 61:687-692 (Pubitemid 35386551)
129. Macías FA, Lopez A, Varela RM, Torres A, Molinillo JMG (2004a) Bioactive apocarotenoids annuionones F and G: structural revision of annuionones A, B and E. Phytochemistry 65:3057-3063 (Pubitemid 39422303)
130. Macías FA, Oliveros-Bastidas A, Castellano D, Marín D, Simonet AM, Molinillo JMG (2004b) Second European allelopathy symposium allelopathy - from understanding to application 3-5 June 2004, Pulawy, Poland. Second European allelopathy symposium "allelopathy-from understanding to application". Evidences of the allelopathic phenomenon, pp 5-6
131. Macías FA, Marín D, Oliveros-Bastida A, Castellano D, Simonet AM, Molinillo JMG (2006a) Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of benzoxazinones, their degradation products, and analogues. Phytotoxicity on problematic weeds Avena fatua L. and Lolium rigidum Gaud. J Agric Food Chem 54:1040-1048 (Pubitemid 43374189)
132. Macías FA, Marín D, Oliveros-Bastida A, Chinchilla D, Simonet AM, Molinillo JMG (2006b) Isolation and Sinthesis of allelochenicals from Graminae: benzoxazinones and related compounds. J Agric Food Chem 54:991-1000 (Pubitemid 43374182)
133. Macías FA, Molinillo JMG, Varela RM, Galindo JCG (2007) Allelopathy - a natural alternative for weed control. Pest Manag Sci 63:327-348 (Pubitemid 46479963)
134. Macías FA, Galindo JLG, García-Diaz MD, Galindo JCG (2008a) Allelopathic agents from aquatic ecosystems: potential biopesticides models. Phytochem Rev 7:155-178 (Pubitemid 350233984)
135. Macías FA, Oliveros-Bastida A, Marin D, Carrera C, Chinchilla N, Molinillo JMG (2008b) Plant biocomunicators: their phytotoxicity, degradation studies and potential use as herbicide models. Phytochem Rev 7:179-194 (Pubitemid 350233982)
136. Macías FA, Chinchilla N, Arroyo E, Varela RM, Molinillo JM, Marín D (2010) Multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems Oryza sativa-Echinochloa crus-galli and Triticum aestivum-Avena fatua as natural-product-based herbicide leads. Pest Manag Sci 66:1137-1147
137. Mallik AU, Pellissier F (2000) Effects of Vaccinium myrtillus on Spruce regeneration: testing the notion of coevolutionary significance of allelopathy. J Chem Ecol 26:2197-2209
138. Mancini E, De Martino L, Marandino A, Scognamiglio MR, De Feo V (2011) Chemical composition and possible in vitro phytotoxic activity of Helichrsyum italicum (Roth) Don ssp. italicum. Molecules 16:7725-7735
139. Mardani R, Yousefi AR (2012) Using image analysis to study the allelopathic potential of wheat cultivars against wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). Int J App Basic Med Res 3:2281-2288
140. Mathiassen SK, Kudsk P, Mogensen BB (2006) Herbicidal effects of soil-incorporated wheat. J Agric Food Chem 54:1058-1063 (Pubitemid 43374191)
141. Matloob A, Khaliq A, Farooq M, Cheema ZA (2010) Quantification of allelopathic potential of different crop residues for the purple nutsedge suppression. Pak J Weed Sci Res 16(1):1-12
142. McPherson JK, Muller C-H (1969) Allelopathic effects of Adenostoma fasciculatum, "Chamise", in the California Chaparral. Ecol Monogr 39:177-198
143. McPherson JK, Chou C-H, Muller CH (1971) Allelopathic constituents of the chaparral shrub Adenostoma fasciculatum. Phytochemistry 10(12):2925-2933
144. Medini H, Elaissi A, Khouja ML, Chraief I, Farhat F, Hammami M, Chemli R, Harzallah-Skhiri F (2010) Leaf essential oil of Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae) harvested in northern Tunisia: composition and intra-specific variability. Chem Biodiv 7:1254-1266
145. Mohney BK, Matz T, LaMoreaux J, Wilcox DS, Gimsing AL, Mayer P, Weidenhamer JD (2009) In situ silicone tube microextraction: a new method for undisturbed sampling of root-exuded thiophenes from marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) in soil. J Chem Ecol 35:1279-1287
146. Monnier Y, Vila B, Montès N, Bousquet-Mélou A, Prévosto B, Fernandez C (2011) Fertilization and allelopathy modify Pinus halepensis saplings crown acclimation to shade. Trees Struct Funct 25:497-507
147. Morikawa CIO, Miyaura R, De Lourdes TY, Figueroa M, Salgado ELR, Fujii Y (2012) Screening of 170 Peruvian plant species for allelopathic activity by using the Sandwich Method. Weed Biol Manag 12:1-11
148. Muller CH (1966) The role of chemical inhibition (allelopathy) in vegetational composition. Bull Torrey Bot Club 93:332-351
149. Nakai S, Yutaka I, Hosomi M, Murakami A (2000) Myriophyllum spicatum-released allelopathic polyphenols inhibiting growth of bluee-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa. Water Res 34:3026-3032 (Pubitemid 30261464)
150. Navarro-Cano JA, Barberá GG, Castillo VM (2010) Pine litter from afforestations hinders the establishment of endemic plants in semiarid scrubby habitats of natura 2000 network. Restor Ecol 18:165-169
151. Naveh Z (1967) Meditteranean ecosystems and vegetation types in California and Israel. Ecology 48:445-459
152. Naveh Z (1989) Fire in the Mediterranean - a landscape ecological perspective. In: Goldammer JG, Jenkis MJ (eds) Fire in the ecosystems dynamics. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, pp 1-20
153. Neisess KR, Scora RW, Kumamoto J (1987) Volatile leaf oils of California salvias. J Nat Prod 50:515-517 (Pubitemid 17134112)
154. Nektarios PA, Economou G, Avgoulas C (2005) Allelopathic effects of Pinus halepensis needles on turfgrasses and biosensor plants. HortScience 40:246-250 (Pubitemid 40178041)
155. Nimbal CI, Pederson JF, Yerkes CN, Weston SC (1996) Phytotoxicity and distribution of sorgoleone in grain Sorghum germplasm. J Agric Food Chem 44:1343-1347 (Pubitemid 126467868)
156. Nishida N, Tamotsu S, Nagata N, Saito C, Sakai A (2005) Allelopathic effects of volatile monoterpenoids produced by Salvia leucophylla: inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem of Brassica campestris seedlings. J Chem Ecol 31:1187-1203 (Pubitemid 40870145)
157. Oleszek W (1993) Allelopathic potential of alfalfa (Medigago sativa) saponins: their relation to antifungal and hemolytic activities. J Chem Ecol 19:1063-1074
158. Ormeño E, Bousquet-Melou A, Mévy JP, Greff S, Robles C, Bonin G, Fernandez C (2007) Effect of intraspecific competition and substrate nature on terpene emission of some Mediterranean species. J Chem Ecol 33:277-286 (Pubitemid 46144075)
159. Oueslati O (2003) Allelopathy in two durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) varieties. Agric Ecosys Env 96:161-163
160. Oueslati O, Ben-Hammouda M, Ghorbal MH, Guezzah M, Kremer MJ (2005) Barley autotoxicity as influenced by varietal and seasonal variation. J Agron Crop Sci 191:249-254 (Pubitemid 41126597)
161. Pacifico S, D'Abrosca B, Scognamiglio M, D'Angelo G, Gallicchio M, Galasso S, Monaco P, Fiorentino A (2012) NMR-Based metabolic profiling and in vitro antioxidant and hepatotoxic assessment of partially purified fractions from golden germander (Teucrium polium L.) methanolic extract. Food Chem 135(3):1957-1967
162. Pack PE (1985) The interaction of microbial toxins in the germination of chaparral herb seeds. MA thesis dissertation, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA
163. Penez N, Culioli G, Perez T, Briand JF, Thomas OP, Blache Y (2011) Antifouling Properties of Simple Indole and Purine Alkaloids from the Mediterranean Gorgonian Paramuricea clavata. J Nat Prod 74:2304-2308
164. Peñuelas J, Llusià J (1999) Seasonal emission of monoterpenes by the Mediterranean tree Quercus ilex in field conditions: relations with photosynthetic rates, temperature and volatility. Physiol Plant 105:641-647
165. Pheng S, Olofsdotter M, Jahn G, Nesbitt H, Adkins SW (2009) Allelopathic potential of Cambodian rice lines under field conditions. Weed Biol Manag 9:267-275
166. Prince EK, Pohnert G (2010) Searching for signal in the noise: metabolomics in chemical ecology. Anal Bioanal Chem 396:193-197
167. Proksch M, Weissenböck G, Rodriguez E (1985) Flavonoids and phenolic acids in Adenostoma, a dominant genus of the Californian Chaparral. Phytochemistry 24(12):2889-2891
168. Ramezani S, Saharkhiz MJ, Ramezani F, Fotokian MH (2008) Use of essential oils as bioherbicides. Essent Oil Bear Plants 1:319-327
169. Ratnadass A, Fernandes P, Avelino J, Habib R (2012) Plant species diversity for sustainable management of crop pest and diseases in agroecosystems: a review. Agron Sustain Dev 32:273-303
170. Razavi SM (2011) Plant coumarins as allelopathic agents. Intern J Biol Chem 5:86-90
171. Reigosa MJ, Pazos-Malvido E (2007) Phytotoxic effects of 21 plant secondary metabolites on Arabidopsis thaliana germination and root growth. J Chem Ecol 33:1456-1466 (Pubitemid 47019966)
172. Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras A, Gonzáles L (1999a) Ecophysiological approach in allelopathy. Crit Rev Plant Sci 18:577-608 (Pubitemid 29478384)
173. Reigosa MJ, Souto XC, González L (1999b) Effect of phenolic compounds on the germination of six weeds species. Plant Growth Regul 28:83-88
174. Reigosa MJ, Pedrol N, González L (2006) Allelopathy, a physiological process with ecological implications. Springer, Dordrecht
175. Rice EL (1984) Allelopathy. Academic press, New York
176. Rice CP, Park YB, Adam-Baki AA, Teasdale JR (2005) Hydroxamic acid content and toxicity of rye at selected growth stages. J Chem Ecol 31:1887-1905 (Pubitemid 41126171)
177. Rimando AM, Duke SO (2006) Natural products for pest management. In: Rimando AM, Duke SO (eds) Natural products for pest management. ACS symposium series 927, Washington, DC, USA, pp 2-21
178. Rimando AM, Olofsdotter M, Duke SO (2001) Searching for rice allelochemicals. Agron J 93:16-20
179. Rivoal A, Fernandez C, Greff S, Montes N, Vila B (2011) Does competition stress decrease allelopathic potential? Biochem Syst Ecol 39:401-407
180. Rolim de Almeida LF, Frei F, Mancini E, De Martino L, De Feo V (2010) Phytotoxic activities of Mediterranean essential oils. Molecules 15:4309-4323
181. San Emeterio L, Arroyo A, Canals RM (2004) Allelopathic potential of Lolium rigidum Gaud. on the early growth of three associated pasture species. Grass Forage Sci 59:107-112 (Pubitemid 38751932)
182. Scognamiglio (2011) Phytochemical analysis of Mediterranean plants: metabolomic approach to study allelopathic interactions among coexisting species. PhD Dissertation, Second University of Naples
183. Scognamiglio M, D'Abrosca B, Fiumano V, Chambery A, Severino V, Tsafantakis N, Pacifico S, Esposito A, Fiorentino A (2012a) Oleanane saponins from Bellis sylvestris Cyr. and evaluation of their phytotoxicity on Aegilops geniculata Roth. Phytochemistry 84:125-134
184. Scognamiglio M, Esposito A, D'Abrosca B, Pacifico S, Fiumano V, Tsafantakis N, Monaco P, Fiorentino A (2012b) Isolation, distribution and allelopathic effect of caffeic acid derivatives from Bellis perennis L. Biochem Syst Ecol 43:108-113
185. Scognamiglio M, Fiumano V, D'Abrosca B, Pacifico S, Messere A, Esposito A, Fiorentino A (2012c) Allelopathic potential of alkylphenols from Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman. Phytochem Lett 5:206-210
186. Senatore F, Rigano D, Formisano C, Grassia A, Basile A, Sorbo S (2007) Phytogrowth inhibitory and antibacterial activity of Verbascum sinuatum. Fitoterapia 78:244-247 (Pubitemid 46551477)
187. Setia N, Batish DR, Singh HP, Kohli RK (2007) Phytotoxicity of volatile oil from Eucalyptus citriodora against some weedy species. J Environ Biol 28(1):63-66 (Pubitemid 46190986)
188. Shirahishi S, Watanabe I, Kuno K, Fujii Y (2002) Allelopathic activity of leaching from dry leaves and exudate from roots of ground cover plants assayed on agar. Weed Biol Manag 2:133-142
189. Silva MP, Piazza LA, López D, López Rivilli MJ, Turco MD, Cantero JJ, Tourn MG, Scopel AL (2012) Phytotoxic activity in Flourensia campestris and isolation of (-)-hamanasic acid A as its active principle compound. Phytochemistry 77:140-148
190. Singh HP, Batish DR, Pandher JK, Kohli RK (2003) Assessment of allelopathic properties of Parthenium hysterophorus residues. Agric Ecosys Env 95:537-541 (Pubitemid 36453565)
191. Singh HP, Batish DR, Setia N, Kohli RK (2005) Herbicidal activity of volatile oils from Eucalyptus citriodora against Parthenium hysterophorus. Ann Appl Biol 146:89-94 (Pubitemid 40218323)
192. Singh Hp, Batish Dr, Kaur S, Kohli Rk, Arora K (2006) Phytotoxicity of the volatile monoterpene citronellal against some weeds Z. Naturforsch 61:334-340
193. Tang CS, Young CC (1982) Collection and identification of allelopathic components from the undisturbed root system of bigalta limpograss (Hemarthria altissinia). Plant Physiol 69:155-160
194. Tarayre M, Thompsono JD, Escarré YBL (1995) Intra-specific variation in the inhibitory effects of Thymus vulgaris (Labiatae) monoterpenes on seed germination. Oecologia 101:110-118
195. Taylor JLS, van Staden J (1996) Root initiation in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek hypocotyl cuttings is stimulated by smoke-derived extracts. Plant Growth Regul 18:165-168 (Pubitemid 126786037)
196. Taylor JLS, van Staden J (1998) Plant-derived smoke solutions stimulate the growth of Lycopersicon esculentum roots in vitro. Plant Growth Regul 26:77-83 (Pubitemid 28548222)
197. Tesio F, Weston LA, Ferrero A (2011) Allelochemicals identified from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) residues and their potential inhibitory activity in the field and laboratory. Sci Horticul 129:361-368
198. Tharayil N (2009) To survive or to slay. Plant Signal Behav 4:580-583
199. Tharayil N, Bhowmik PC, Xing B (2008) Bioavailability of allelochemicals as affected by companion compounds in soil matrices. J Agric Food Chem 56:3706-3713 (Pubitemid 351860174)
200. Thi HL, Lan PTP, Chin DV, Kato-Noguchi H (2008) Allelopathic potential of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Weed Biol Manag 8:129-132 (Pubitemid 351677529)
201. Torres A, Oliva RM, Castellano D, Cross P (1996) First world congress on allelopathy. A science of the future. SAI (University of Cadiz), Cadiz, Spain, pp 278
202. Tsahar E, Friedman J, Izhaki I (2002) Impact on fruit removal and seed predation of a secondary metabolite, emodin, in Rhamnus alaternus fruit pulp. Oikos 99:290-299 (Pubitemid 35431614)
203. Valera-Burgos J, Díaz-Barradas MC, Zunzunegui M (2012) Effects of Pinus pinea litter on seed germination and seedling performance of three Mediterranean shrub species. Plant Growth Regul 66:285-292
204. Van Staden J, Jäger AK, Light ME, Burger BV (2004) Isolation of the major germination cue from plant-derived smoke. S Afr J Bot 70(4):654-659 (Pubitemid 40059697)
205. Verdeguer M, Blazquez MA, Boira H (2009) Phytotoxic effects of Lantana camara, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eriocephalus africanus essential oils in weeds of Mediterranean summer crops. Biochem Syst Ecol 37:362-369
206. Viano Y, Bonhomme D, Camps M, Briand JF, Ortalo-Magné A, Blache Y, Piovetti L, Ulioli G (2009) Diterpenoids from the Mediterranean brown alga Dictyota sp. evaluated as antifouling substances against a marine bacterial biofilm. J Nat Prod 72:1299-1304
207. Viard-Crétat F, Gallet C, Lefebvre M, Lavorel S (2009) A leachate a day keeps the seedlings away: mowing and the inhibitory effects of Festuca paniculata in subalpine grasslands. Ann Bot 103:1271-1278
208. Vokou D, Douvli P, Blionis GJ, Halley JM (2003) Effects of monoterpenoids, acting alone or in pairs, on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. J Chem Ecol 29:2281-2301 (Pubitemid 37429887)
209. Vyvyan JR (2002) Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals. Tetrahedron 58:1631-1646
210. Waridel P, Wolfender J-L, Lachavanne J-B, Hostettmann K (2003) ent-Labdane diterpenes from the aquatic plant Potamogeton pectinatus. Phytochemistry 64:1309-1317 (Pubitemid 37442439)
211. Waridel P, Wolfender J-L, Lachavanne J-B, Hostettmann K (2004) ent-Labdane glycosides from the aquatic plant Potamogeton lucens and analytical evaluation of the lipophilic extract constituents of various Potamogeton species. Phytochemistry 65:945-954 (Pubitemid 38471777)
212. Weidenhamer JD, Boes PD, Wilcox DS (2009) Solid-phase root zone extraction (SPRE): a new methodology for measurement of allelochemical dynamics in soil. Plant Soil 322:177-186
213. Weir TL, Park SW, Vivanco JM (2004) Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:472-479 (Pubitemid 38871623)
214. Weston LA (1996) Utilization of allelopathy for weed management in agro-ecosystems. Agron J 88:860-866
215. Weston LA, Duke SO (2003) Weeds and crop allelopathy. Crit Rev Plant Sci 22:367-389
216. Whittaker RH, Niering WA, Crisp MD (1979) Structure, pattern and diversity of a mallee community in New South Wales. Vegetatio 39:65-76
217. Whyte RO (1961) Evolution of land use in South Eastern Asia. Arid Zone Res 16:57-118
218. Wu H, Pratley J, Lemerle D, Haig T (2000) Evaluation of seedling allelopathy in 453 wheat (Triticum aestivum) accessions against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) by the equal-compartment-agar method. Aust J Agric Res 51:937-944
219. Wu H, Pratley J, Lemerle D, Haig T, An M (2001) Screening methods for the evaluation of crop allelopathic potential. Botan Rev 67:403-415 (Pubitemid 34147273)
220. Yardeni D, Evenari M (1952) The germination inhibiting and phytotoxic effects of certain leaves and leaf extracts. Phyton 2:11-17
221. Zhang Y, Gu M, Shi K, Zhou YH, Yu JQ (2010) Effects of aqueous root extracts and hydrophobic root exudates of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) on nuclei DNA content and expression of cell cycle-related genes in cucumber radicles. Plant Soil 327:455-463
222. Zhang J, An M, Wu H (2012) Chemical composition of essential oils of four Eucalyptus species and their phytotoxicity on silver leaf nightshade. Plant Growth Regul 68:231-237
223. Zhuo YH, Yu JQ (2006) Allelochemicals and photosynthesis. In: Reigosa MJ, Pedrol N, González L (eds) Allelopathy: A physiological process with ecological implications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp 127-139
224. Zunino MP, Zygadlo JA (2004) Effect of monoterpenes on lipid oxidation in maize. Planta 219:303-309 (Pubitemid 39428787)
225. Zuo SP, Ma YQ, Ye LT (2012) In-vitro assessment of allelopathic effects of wheat on potato. Allelopath J 30:1-10