RAFT polymerization of vinyl esters: Synthesis and applications

Polymers

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1437-1488

  Harrisson, Simon ^a   Liu, Xuan ^a   Ollagnier, Jean Noël ^a   Coutelier, Olivier ^a   Marty, Jean Daniel ^a   Destarac, Mathias ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE   (France)

Author keywords

Block copolymer; Dithiocarbamate; Poly(vinyl acetate); Poly(vinyl alcohol); Reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT); Supercritical carbon dioxide; Vinyl ester; Xanthate

Indexed keywords

BLOCK COPOLYMERS; CARBON DIOXIDE; ESTERIFICATION; ESTERS; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; MACROMOLECULES; MONOMERS; POLYMERS; POLYVINYL ALCOHOLS; SOLUBILITY; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

DITHIOCARBAMATES; REVERSIBLE ADDITION-FRAGMENTATION TRANSFERS; SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDES; VINYL ESTERS; XANTHATE;

POLYVINYL ACETATES;

EID: 84901981662     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20734360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/polym6051437     Document Type: Review

References (186)

1. Rinno, H. Poly(Vinyl Esters). In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2000; Volume 28, pp. 469-479.
2. Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Developments, 2nd ed.; Finch, C.A., Ed.; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 1992.
3. Lee, H.; Terry, E.; Zong, M.; Arrowsmith, N.; Perrier, S.; Thurecht, K.J.; Howdle, S.M. Successful Dispersion Polymerization in Supercritical CO2 Using Polyvinylalkylate Hydrocarbon Surfactants Synthesized and Anchored via RAFT. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 12242-12243.
4. Birkin, N.A.; Arrowsmith, N.J.; Park, E.J.; Richez, A.P.; Howdle, S.M. Synthesis and application of new CO2-soluble vinyl pivalate hydrocarbon stabilisers via RAFT polymerisation. Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 1293-1299.
5. Park, E.J.; Richez, A.P.; Birkin, N.A.; Lee, H.; Arrowsmith, N.; Thurecht, K.J.; Howdle, S.M. New vinyl ester copolymers as stabilisers for dispersion polymerisation in scCO2. Polymer 2011, 52, 5403-5409.
6. Birkin, N.A.; Wildig, O.J.; Howdle, S.M. Effects of poly(vinyl pivalate)-based stabiliser architecture on CO2-solubility and stabilising ability in dispersion polymerisation of N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Polym. Chem. 2013, 4, 3791-3799.
7. Girard, E.; Tassaing, T.; Camy, S.; Condoret, J.S.; Marty, J.D.; Destarac, M. Enhancement of Poly(vinyl ester) Solubility in Supercritical CO2 by Partial Fluorination: The Key Role of Polymer-Polymer Interactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 11920-11923.
8. Girard, E.; Tassaing, T.; Ladavière, C.; Marty, J.D.; Destarac, M. Distinctive Features of Solubility of RAFT/MADIX-Derived Partially Trifluoromethylated Poly(vinyl acetate) in Supercritical CO2. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 9674-9681.
9. Girard, E.; Liu, X.; Marty, J.D.; Destarac, M. RAFT/MADIX (co)polymerization of vinyl trifluoroacetate: A means to many ends. Polym. Chem. 2014, 5, 1013-1022.
10. Yamada, K.; Nakano, T.; Okamoto, Y. Synthesis of syndiotactic poly(vinyl alcohol) from fluorine-containing vinyl esters. Polym. J. 1998, 30, 641-645.
11. Nagara, Y.; Nakano, T.; Okamoto, Y.; Gotoh, Y.; Nagura, M. Properties of highly syndiotactic poly(vinyl alcohol). Polymer 2001, 42, 9679-9686.
12. Fukae, R.; Tamada, A.; Kawatsuki, N.; Yamamoto, T. Poly(vinyl alcohol) with High Diad-Syndiotacticity and Melting Point. Polym. J. 1997, 29, 293-295.
13. Nozakura, S.I.; Okamoto, T.; Toyora, K.; Murahashi, S. Synthesis and polymerization of vinyl esters and vinyl ethers having bulky substituents. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed. 1973, 11, 1043-1051.
14. Nozakura, S.I.; Sumi, M.; Uoi, M.; Okamoto, T.; Murahashi, S. Stereoregulation in the radical polymerization of vinyl esters. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed. 1973, 11, 279-288.
15. Fukae, R.; Tamada, A.; Kawatsuki, N.; Yamamoto, T. Radical Polymerization of Monovinyl Sebacate and Poly(vinyl alcohol) from Its Polymer. Polym. J. 1998, 30, 764-766.
16. Liu, W.; Koike, Y.; Okamoto, Y. Stereochemistry of the radical polymerization of vinyl pentafluorobenzoate. Polymer 2004, 45, 5491-5495.
17. Imai, K.; Shiomi, T.; Oda, N.; Otsuka, H. Effect of solvent for vinyl acetate polymerization on microstructure of poly(vinyl alcohol). J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 1986, 24, 3225-3231.
18. Matsuzawa, S.; Yamaura, K.; Noguchi, H.; Hayashi, H. Solvent effects on stereoregularity of poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) obtained by radical polymerization. Makromol. Chem. 1973, 165, 217-222.
19. Koumura, K.; Satoh, K.; Kamigaito, M.; Okamoto, Y. Iodine Transfer Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate in Fluoroalcohols for Simultaneous Control of Molecular Weight, Stereospecificity, and Regiospecificity. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 4054-4061.
20. Yamada, K.; Nakano, T.; Okamoto, Y. Stereospecific Free Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Esters Using Fluoroalcohols as Solvents. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 7598-7605.
21. Yamada, K.; Nakano, T.; Okamoto, Y. Free-radical copolymerization of vinyl esters using fluoroalcohols as solvents: The solvent effect on the monomer reactivity ratio. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2000, 38, 220-228.
22. Yamada, K.; Nakano, T.; Okamoto, Y. Free-radical polymerization of vinyl esters using fluoroalcohols as solvents: Effect of monomer structure on stereochemistry. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 1999, 37, 2677-2683.
23. Yamada, K.; Nakano, T.; Okamoto, Y. Stereochemistry of Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Esters in the Presence of Lewis Acid. Polym. J. 2000, 32, 707-710.
24. Moad, G.; Solomon, D.H. The Chemistry of Radical Polymerization, 2nd ed.; Elsevier: Oxford, UK, 2006.
25. n als Funktion des Umsatzes. Makromol. Chem. 1964, 76, 170-182.
26. Britton, D.; Heatley, F.; Lovell, P.A. Chain Transfer to Polymer in Free-Radical Bulk and Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Studied by NMR Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 2828-2837.
27. Lindemann, M.K. The Mechanism of Vinyl Acetate. In Vinyl Polymerization; Ham, G.E., Ed.; Dekker: New York, NY, USA, 1967; pp. 252-255.
28. Kwak, Y.; Goto, A.; Fukuda, T.; Kobayashi, Y.; Yamago, S. A Systematic Study on Activation Processes in Organotellurium-Mediated Living Radical Polymerizations of Styrene, Methyl Methacrylate, Methyl Acrylate, and Vinyl Acetate. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 4671-4679.
29. Flory, P.J.; Leutner, F.S. Occurrence of head-to-head arrangements of structural units in polyvinyl alcohol. J. Polym. Sci. 1948, 3, 880-890.
30. Lipscomb, C.E.; Mahanthappa, M.K. Poly(vinyl ester) Block Copolymers Synthesized by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerizations. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 4571-4579.
31. Lipscomb, C.E.; Mahanthappa, M.K. Microphase Separation Mode-Dependent Mechanical Response in Poly(vinyl ester)/PEO Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 4401-4409.
32. Bunck, D.N.; Sorenson, G.P.; Mahanthappa, M.K. Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization routes to poly(vinyl ester) block copolymers. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2011, 49, 242-249.
33. Nzé, R.P.; Colombani, O.; Nicol, E. Synthesis of poly(vinyl laurate)-b-poly(vinyl stearate) diblock copolymers by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization in solution. J. Polym. Sci. Part A:Polym. Chem. 2012, 50, 4046-4054.
34. Repollet-Pedrosa, M.H.; Weber, R.L.; Schmitt, A.L.; Mahanthappa, M.K. Poly(vinyl acetate-b-vinyl alcohol) Surfactants Derived from Poly(vinyl ester) Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 7900-7902.
35. Debuigne, A.; Willet, N.; Jérome, R.; Detrembleur, C. Amphiphilic Poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and Novel Double Hydrophilic Poly(vinyl alcohol)-b-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) Block Copolymers Prepared by Cobalt-Mediated Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 7111-7118.
36. David, G.; Boyer, C.; Tonnar, J.; Ameduri, B.; Lacroix-Desmazes, P.; Boutevin, B. Use of Iodocompounds in Radical Polymerization. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 3936-3962.
37. Yamago, S.; Ray, B.; Iida, K.; Yoshida, J.; Tada, T.; Yoshizawa, K.; Kwak, Y.; Goto, A.; Fukuda, T. Highly Versatile Organostibine Mediators for Living Radical Polymerization. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 13908-13909.
38. Debuigne, A.; Poli, R.; Jérome, C.; Jérome, R.; Detrembleur, C. Overview of cobalt-mediated radical polymerization: Roots, state of the art and future prospects. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2009, 34, 211-239.
39. Handbook of RAFT Polymerization; Barner-Kowollik, C., Ed.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 2008.
40. Iovu, M.C.; Matyjaszewski, K. Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate by Degenerative Transfer with Alkyl Iodides. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 9346-9354.
41. Destarac, M.; Charmot, D.; Franck, X.; Zard, S.Z. Dithiocarbamates as universal reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agents. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2000, 21, 1035-1039.
42. Benaglia, M.; Chiefari, J.; Chong, Y.K.; Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S.H. Universal (Switchable) RAFT Agents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6914-6915.
43. Favier, A.; Charreyre, M.T. Experimental Requirements for an Efficient Control of Free-Radical Polymerizations via the Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Process. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2006, 27, 653-692.
44. Perrier, S.; Takolpuckdee, P. Macromolecular design via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/xanthates (MADIX) polymerization. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2005, 43, 5347-5393.
45. Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S.H. Living Polymerization by the RAFT Process. Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379-410.
46. Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S.H. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process-A Third Update. Aust. J. Chem. 2012, 65, 985-1076.
47. Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S.H. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process-A Second Update. Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 1402-1472.
48. Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S.H. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process-A First Update. Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669-692.
49. Boyer, C.; Bulmus, V.; Davis, T.P.; Ladmiral, V.; Liu, J.; Perrier, S. Bioapplications of RAFT Polymerization. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 5402-5436.
50. Beija, M.; Marty, J.D.; Destarac, M. RAFT/MADIX polymers for the preparation of polymer/inorganic nanohybrids. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2011, 36, 845-886.
51. Moad, G.; Chen, M.; Haeussler, M.; Postma, A.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S.H. Functional polymers for optoelectronic applications by RAFT polymerization. Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 492-519.
52. Morin, A.N.; Detrembleur, C.; Jérome, C.; de Tullio, P.; Poli, R.; Debuigne, A. Effect of Head-to-Head Addition in Vinyl Acetate Controlled Radical Polymerization: Why Is Co(acac)2-Mediated Polymerization so Much Better? Macromolecules 2013, 46, 4303-4312.
53. Dufils, P.E.; David, G.; Boutevin, B.; Woodward, G.; Otter, G.; Guinaudeau, A.; Mazières, S.; Destarac, M. Phosphonate-terminated poly(vinyl acetate) synthesized by RAFT/MADIX polymerization. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2012, 50, 1997-2007.
54. Nozakura, S.I.; Morishima, Y.; Murahashi, S. Long branching in poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl alcohol). III. Kinetic study of the branching reaction in the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate. J. Polym. Sci. Part A-1 1972, 10, 2853-2866.
55. Wolf, C.; Burchard, W. Branching in free radical polymerization due to chain transfer. Application to poly(vinyl acetate). Makromol. Chem. 1976, 177, 2519-2538.
56. Amiya, S.; Uetsuki, M. Microstructures in poly(vinyl alcohol-co-crotonic acid) studied by proton-NMR and carbon-13-NMR. Macromolecules 1982, 15, 166-170.
57. Britton, D.; Heatley, F.; Lovell, P.A. 13C NMR Spectroscopy Studies of Branching and Sequence Distribution in Copolymers of Vinyl Acetate and n-Butyl Acrylate Prepared by Semibatch Emulsion Copolymerization. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 817-829.
58. Britton, D.; Heatley, F.; Lovell, P.A. Effect of Monomer Feed Rate on Chain Transfer to Polymer in Semibatch Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Studied by NMR Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 5048-5052.
59. Ahmad, N.M.; Charleux, B.; Farcet, C.; Ferguson, C.J.; Gaynor, S.G.; Hawkett, B.S.; Heatley, F.; Klumperman, B.; Konkolewicz, D.; Lovell, P.A.; Matyjaszewski, K.; Venkatesh, R. Chain Transfer to Polymer and Branching in Controlled Radical Polymerizations of n-Butyl Acrylate. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2009, 30, 2002-2021.
60. Pinto, M.A.; Li, R.; Immanuel, C.D.; Lovell, P.A.; Schork, F.J. Effects of Reversible Addition Fragmentation Transfer (RAFT) on Branching in Vinyl Acetate Bulk Polymerization. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 47, 509-523.
61. Shim, S.H.; Ham, M.K.; Huh, J.; Kwon, Y.K.; Kwark, Y.J. Simultaneous control over the molecular weight and tacticity of poly(vinyl acetate) using a low-temperature photoinitiated RAFT process in fluoroalcohols. Polym. Chem. 2013, 4, 5449-5455.
62. Smith, A.A.A.; Hussmann, T.; Elich, J.; Postma, A.; Alves, M.H.; Zelikin, A.N. Macromolecular design of poly(vinyl alcohol) by RAFT polymerization. Polym. Chem. 2012, 3, 85-88.
63. Sabel, A.; Smidt, J.; Jira, R.; Prigge, H. Der durch Salze der Platinmetalle katalysierte Austausch von Vinyl- und anderen ungesättigten Gruppen zwischen Estern und Carbonsäuren. Chem. Ber. 1969, 102, 2939-2950.
64. Murray, R.E.; Lincoln, D.M. New Catalytic Route to Vinyl Esters. Catal. Today 1992, 13, 93-102.
65. Corpart, P.; Charmot, D.; Biadatti, T.; Zard, S.Z.; Michelet, D. Method for Block Polymer Synthesis by Controlled Radical Polymerization. U.S. Patent 6153705 A, 23 June 1998.
66. Charmot, D.; Corpart, P.; Adam, H.; Zard, S.Z.; Biadatti, T.; Bouhadir, G. Controlled radical polymerization in dispersed media. Macromol. Symp. 2000, 150, 23-32.
67. Chiefari, J.; Mayadunne, R.T.A.; Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S.H. Polymerization Process with Living Characteristics and Polymers Made Therefrom. U.S. Patent No. 6642318, 11 December 1998.
68. Matioszek, D.; Brusylovets, O.; Wilson, D.J.; Mazières, S.; Destarac, M. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization of vinyl monomers with N,N-dimethyldiselenocarbamates. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4361-4368.
69. Bernard, J.; Favier, A.; Zhang, L.; Nilasaroya, A.; Davis, T.P.; Barner-Kowollik, C.; Stenzel, M.H. Poly(vinyl ester) Star Polymers via Xanthate-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization: From Poly(vinyl alcohol) to Glycopolymer Stars. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 5475-5484.
70. Destarac, M.; Taton, D.; Zard, S.Z.; Saleh, T.; Six, Y. On the Importance of Xanthate Substituents in the MADIX Process. In Advances in Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization; ACS Symposium Series 854; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, USA, 2003; pp. 536-550.
71. Gu, Y.; He, J.; Li, C.; Zhou, C.; Song, S.; Yang, Y. Block Copolymerization of Vinyl Acetate and Vinyl neo-Decanoate Mediated by Dithionodisulfide. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 4500-4510.
72. Boschmann, D.; Vana, P. Poly(vinyl acetate) and Poly(vinyl propionate) Star Polymers via Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization. Polym. Bull. 2005, 53, 231-242.
73. Hedir, G.G.; Bell, C.A.; Ieong, N.S.; Chapman, E.; Collins, I.R.; O'Reilly, R.K.; Dove, A.P. Functional Degradable Polymers by Xanthate-Mediated Polymerization. Macromolecules 2014, 47, 2847-2852.
74. Congdon, T.; Notman, R.; Gibson, M.I. Antifreeze (Glyco)protein Mimetic Behavior of Poly(vinyl alcohol): Detailed Structure Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity Study. Biomacromolecules 2013, 14, 1578-1586.
75. Narita, T.; Hagiwara, T.; Hamana, H.; Ogawa, H.; Endo, S. Polymerization of [alpha]-Trifluoromethylvinyl Acetate. Polym. J. 1990, 22, 162-166.
76. Wu, Q.; Wang, N.; Xiao, Y.M.; Lu, D.S.; Lin, X.F. Regiospecific alkaline protease-catalyzed divinyl acyl transesterifications of primary hydroxyl groups of mono- and di-saccharides in pyridine. Carbohydr. Res. 2004, 339, 2059-2067.
77. Liu, B.K.; Wang, N.; Wu, Q.; Xie, C.Y.; Lin, X.F. Regioselective enzymatic acylation of ribavirin to give potential multifunctional derivatives. Biotechnol. Lett. 2005, 27, 717-720.
78. Yin, C.; Li, X.; Wu, Q.; Wang, J.L.; Lin, X.F. Multidrug nanoparticles based on novel random copolymer containing cytarabine and fluorodeoxyuridine. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2010, 349, 153-158.
79. Li, X.; Wu, Q.; Lu, M.; Zhang, F.; Lin, X. Novel hepatoma-targeting micelles based on chemoenzymatic synthesis and self-assembly of galactose-functionalized ribavirin-containing amphiphilic random copolymer. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 2734-2744.
80. Stenzel, M.H.; Davis, T.P.; Barner-Kowollik, C. Poly(vinyl alcohol) star polymers prepared via MADIX/RAFT polymerisation. Chem. Commun. 2004, 1546-1547.
81. Theis, A.; Davis, T.P.; Stenzel, M.H.; Barner-Kowollik, C. Probing the reaction kinetics of vinyl acetate free radical polymerization via living free radical polymerization (MADIX). Polymer 2006, 47, 999-1010.
82. Girard, E.; Tassaing, T.; Marty, J.D.; Destarac, M. Influence of macromolecular characteristics of RAFT/MADIX poly(vinyl acetate)-based (co)polymers on their solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 2222-2230.
83. Schmitt, J.; Blanchard, N.; Poly, J. Controlled synthesis of branched poly(vinyl acetate)s by xanthate-mediated RAFT self-condensing vinyl (co)polymerization. Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 2231-2238.
84. D'Ayala, G.G.; Malinconico, M.; Laurienzo, P.; Tardy, A.; Guillaneuf, Y.; Lansalot, M.; D'Agosto, F.; Charleux, B. RAFT/MADIX copolymerization of vinyl acetate and 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 104-111.
85. Zheng, Z.; Wang, W.; Zhou, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, X. Manganese(iii) acetylacetonate initiated RAFT polymerizations: An alternative and versatile RAFT initiator. Polym. Chem. 2014, 5, 37-42.
86. Stenzel, M.H.; Cummins, L.; Roberts, G.E.; Davis, T.P.; Vana, P.; Barner-Kowollik, C. Xanthate Mediated Living Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate: A Systematic Variation in MADIX/RAFT Agent Structure. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2003, 204, 1160-1168.
87. Russum, J.P.; Barbre, N.D.; Jones, C.W.; Schork, F.J. Miniemulsion reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of vinyl acetate. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2005, 43, 2188-2193.
88. Simms, R.W.; Davis, T.P.; Cunningham, M.F. Xanthate-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate in Miniemulsion. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2005, 26, 592-596.
89. Willis, S.A.; Dennis, G.R.; Zheng, G.; Price, W.S. Hydrodynamic size and scaling relations for linear and 4 arm star PVAc studied using PGSE NMR. J. Mol. Liq. 2010, 156, 45-51.
90. Ham, M.K.; HoYouk, J.; Kwon, Y.K.; Kwark, Y.J. Photoinitiated RAFT polymerization of vinyl acetate. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2012, 50, 2389-2397.
91. Patel, V.K.; Vishwakarma, N.K.; Mishra, A.K.; Biswas, C.S.; Ray, B. (S)-2-(ethyl propionate)-(O-ethyl xanthate)- and (S)-2-(Ethyl isobutyrate)-(O-ethyl xanthate)-mediated RAFT polymerization of vinyl acetate. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 125, 2946-2955.
92. Nguyen, D.H.; Wood, M.R.; Zhao, Y.; Perrier, S.; Vana, P. Solid-Supported MADIX Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate. Macromolecules 2008, 41, 7071-7078.
93. Yan, Y.; Zhang, W.; Qiu, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, J.; Cheng, Z.; Zhang, W.; Zhu, X. Universal xanthate-mediated controlled free radical polymerizations of the "less activated" vinyl monomers. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2010, 48, 5206-5214.
94. Chernikova, E.V.; Yulusov, V.V.; Mineeva, K.O.; Golubev, V.B.; Garina, E.S. Pseudoliving polymerization of vinyl acetate mediated by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer agents. Polym. Sci. Ser. B 2011, 53, 437-447.
95. Coote, M.L.; Henry, D.J. Computer-Aided Design of a Destabilized RAFT Adduct Radical:Toward Improved RAFT Agents for Styrene-block-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 5774-5779.
96. Coote, M.L.; Izgorodina, E.I.; Cavigliasso, G.E.; Roth, M.; Busch, M.; Barner-Kowollik, C. Addition-Fragmentation Kinetics of Fluorodithioformates (F-RAFT) in Styrene, Vinyl Acetate, and Ethylene Polymerization: An Ab Initio Investigation. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 4585-4591.
97. Theis, A.; Stenzel, M.H.; Davis, T.P.; Coote, M.L.; Barner-Kowollik, C. A Synthetic Approach to a Novel Class of Fluorine-Bearing Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Agents: F-RAFT. Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 437-441.
98. Busch, M.; Roth, M.; Stenzel, M.H.; Davis, T.P.; Barner-Kowollik, C. The Use of Novel F-RAFT Agents in High Temperature and High Pressure Ethene Polymerization: Can Control be Achieved? Aust. J. Chem. 2007, 60, 788-793.
99. Coote, M.L.; Radom, L. Substituent Effects in Xanthate-Mediated Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate: Ab Initio Evidence for an Alternative Fragmentation Pathway. Macromolecules 2003, 37, 590-596.
100. Fischer, H.; Radom, L. Factors Controlling the Addition of Carbon-Centered Radicals to Alkenes: An Experimental and Theoretical Perspective. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1340-1371.
101. Mayadunne, R.T.A.; Rizzardo, E.; Chiefari, J.; Chong, Y.K.; Moad, G.; Thang, S.H. Living Radical Polymerization with Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT Polymerization) Using Dithiocarbamates as Chain Transfer Agents. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 6977-6980.
102. Keddie, D.J.; Guerrero-Sanchez, C.; Moad, G.; Mulder, R.J.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S.H. Chain Transfer Kinetics of Acid/Base Switchable N-Aryl-N-Pyridyl Dithiocarbamate RAFT Agents in Methyl Acrylate, N-Vinylcarbazole and Vinyl Acetate Polymerization. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 4205-4215.
103. Benaglia, M.; Chen, M.; Chong, Y.K.; Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S.H. Polystyrene-block-poly(vinyl acetate) through the Use of a Switchable RAFT Agent. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 9384-9386.
104. Keddie, D.J.; Guerrero-Sanchez, C.; Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Thang, S.H. Switchable Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization in Aqueous Solution, N,N-Dimethylacrylamide. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 6738-6745.
105. Hutchinson, R.A.; Richards, J.R.; Aronson, M.T. Determination of Propagation Rate Coefficients by Pulsed-Laser Polymerization for Systems with Rapid Chain Growth: Vinyl Acetate. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4530-4537.
106. Pound, G.; McLeary, J.B.; McKenzie, J.M.; Lange, R.F.M.; Klumperman, B. In-Situ NMR Spectroscopy for Probing the Efficiency of RAFT/MADIX Agents. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 7796-7797.
107. Pound, G.; Aguesse, F.; McLeary, J.B.; Lange, R.F.M.; Klumperman, B. Xanthate-Mediated Copolymerization of Vinyl Monomers for Amphiphilic and Double-Hydrophilic Block Copolymers with Poly(ethylene glycol). Macromolecules 2007, 40, 8861-8871.
108. Tong, Y.Y.; Dong, Y.Q.; Du, F.S.; Li, Z.C. Synthesis of Well-Defined Poly(vinyl acetate)-b-Polystyrene by Combination of ATRP and RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2008, 41, 7339-7346.
109. Zhao, F.; Mahdavian, A.; Teimouri, M.; Daniels, E.; Klein, A.; El-Aasser, M. RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate: A challenge towards producing high molecular weight poly(vinyl acetate). Colloid Polym. Sci. 2012, 290, 1247-1255.
110. Favier, A.; Barner-Kowollik, C.; Davis, T.P.; Stenzel, M.H. A Detailed On-Line FT/NIR and 1H NMR Spectroscopic Investigation into Factors Causing Inhibition in Xanthate-Mediated Vinyl Acetate Polymerization. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2004, 205, 925-936.
111. Quemener, D.; Davis, T.P.; Barner-Kowollik, C.; Stenzel, M.H. RAFT and click chemistry: A versatile approach to well-defined block copolymers. Chem. Commun. 2006, 5051-5053.
112. Ting, S.R.S.; Granville, A.M.; Quémener, D.; Davis, T.P.; Stenzel, M.H.; Barner-Kowollik, C. RAFT Chemistry and Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition: A Route to Block Copolymers of Vinyl Acetate and 6-O-Methacryloyl Mannose? Aust. J. Chem. 2007, 60, 405-409.
113. Jiang, B.; Zhang, Q.H.; Zhan, X.L.; Chen, F.Q. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate mediated by xanthate. Chin. Chem. Lett. 2009, 20, 733-737.
114. Fleet, R.; McLeary, J.B.; Grumel, V.; Weber, W.G.; Matahwa, H.; Sanderson, R.D. Preparation of New Multiarmed RAFT Agents for the Mediation of Vinyl Acetate Polymerization. Macromol. Symp. 2007, 255, 8-19.
115. Bernard, J.; Save, M.; Arathoon, B.; Charleux, B. Preparation of a xanthate-terminated dextran by click chemistry: Application to the synthesis of polysaccharide-coated nanoparticles via surfactant-free ab initio emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. J. Polym. Sci. Part A:Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 2845-2857.
116. Nicolay, R.; Kwak, Y.; Matyjaszewski, K. Synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate) block copolymers by successive RAFT and ATRP with a bromoxanthate iniferter. Chem. Commun. 2008, 5336-5338.
117. Quémener, D.; Le Hellaye, M.; Bissett, C.; Davis, T.P.; Barner-Kowollik, C.; Stenzel, M.H. Graft block copolymers of propargyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate via a combination of RAFT/MADIX and click chemistry: Reaction analysis. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 155-173.
118. Chen, K.; Grant, N.; Liang, L.; Zhang, H.; Tan, B. Synthesis of CO2-philic Xanthate: Oligo(vinyl acetate)-Based Hydrocarbon Surfactants by RAFT Polymerization and Their Applications on Preparation of Emulsion-Templated Materials. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 9355-9364.
119. Chen, S.; Bertrand, A.; Chang, X.; Alcouffe, P.; Ladavière, C.; Gérard, J.F.; Lortie, F.; Bernard, J. Heterocomplementary H-Bonding RAFT Agents as Tools for the Preparation of Supramolecular Miktoarm Star Copolymers. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 5981-5988.
120. Qiu, Y.; Zhang, W.; Yan, Y.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, X. Preparation of miktoarm star-block copolymers PSn-b-PVAc4-n via combination of ATRP and RAFT polymerization. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2010, 48, 5180-5188.
121. Kostov, G.; Boschet, F.; Buller, J.; Badache, L.; Brandsadter, S.; Ameduri, B. First Amphiphilic Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-3,3,3-trifluoropropene)-b-oligo(vinyl alcohol) Block Copolymers as Potential Nonpersistent Fluorosurfactants from Radical Polymerization Controlled by Xanthate. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 1841-1855.
122. Zhang, S.; Chen, K.; Liang, L.; Tan, B. Synthesis of oligomer vinyl acetate with different topologies by RAFT/MADIX method and their phase behaviour in supercritical carbon dioxide. Polymer 2013, 54, 5303-5309.
123. Zhang, S.; Luo, Y.; Yang, H.; Yang, H.J.; Tan, B. Functional oligo(vinyl acetate) bearing bipyridine moieties by RAFT polymerization and extraction of metal ions in supercritical carbon dioxide. Polym. Chem. 2013, 4, 3507-3513.
124. Roy, D.; Sumerlin, B.S. Block copolymerization of vinyl ester monomers via RAFT/MADIX under microwave irradiation. Polymer 2011, 52, 3038-3045.
125. Klumperman, B.; McLeary, J.B.; van den Dungen, E.T.A.; Pound, G. NMR Spectroscopy in the Optimization and Evaluation of RAFT Agents. Macromol. Symp. 2007, 248, 141-149.
126. Moad, G.; Mayadunne, R.T. A.; Rizzardo, E.; Skidmore, M.; Thang, S.H. Synthesis of novel architectures by radical polymerization with reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT polymerization). Macromol. Symp. 2003, 192, 1-12.
127. Wood, M.R.; Duncalf, D.J.; Rannard, S.P.; Perrier, S. Selective One-Pot Synthesis of Trithiocarbonates, Xanthates, and Dithiocarbamates for Use in RAFT/MADIX Living Radical Polymerizations. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 553-556.
128. Chen, F.; Cheng, Z.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, W.; Zhu, X. Synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate) with fluorescence via a combination of RAFT/MADIX and "click" chemistry. Eur. Polym. J. 2008, 44, 1789-1795.
129. Tong, Y.Y.; Dong, Y.Q.; Du, F.S.; Li, Z.C. Block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(vinyl alcohol) synthesized by the RAFT methodology. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2009, 47, 1901-1910.
130. Xue, X.; Zhu, J.; Zhang, Z.; Cheng, Z.; Tu, Y.; Zhu, X. Synthesis and characterization of azobenzene-functionalized poly(styrene)-b-poly(vinyl acetate) via the combination of RAFT and 'click' chemistry. Polymer 2010, 51, 3083-3090.
131. Postma, A.; Davis, T.P.; Li, G.; Moad, G.; O'Shea, M.S. RAFT Polymerization with Phthalimidomethyl Trithiocarbonates or Xanthates. On the Origin of Bimodal Molecular Weight Distributions in Living Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 5307-5318.
132. Zhou, X.; Zhu, J.; Xing, M.; Zhang, Z.; Cheng, Z.; Zhou, N.; Zhu, X. Synthesis and characters of hyperbranched poly(vinyl acetate) by RAFT polymeraztion. Eur. Polym. J. 2011, 47, 1912-1922.
133. Chong, S.F.; Smith, A.A. A.; Zelikin, A.N. Microstructured, Functional PVA Hydrogels through Bioconjugation with Oligopeptides under Physiological Conditions. Small 2013, 9, 942-950.
134. Nomura, N.; Shinoda, K.; Takasu, A.; Nagata, K.; Inomata, K. Emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate using iodine-transfer and RAFT radical polymerizations. J. Polym. Sci. Part A:Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 534-545.
135. De Brouwer, H.; Tsavalas, J.G.; Schork, F.J.; Monteiro, M.J. Living Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion Using Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 9239-9246.
136. Oliveira, M.; Barbosa, B.S.; Nele, M.; Pinto, J.C. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate in Bulk and Suspension Systems. Macromol. React. Eng. 2014, doi:10.1002/mren.201300175.
137. Tastet, D.; Save, M.; Charrier, F.; Charrier, B.; Ledeuil, J.B.; Dupin, J.C.; Billon, L. Functional biohybrid materials synthesized via surface-initiated MADIX/RAFT polymerization from renewable natural wood fiber: Grafting of polymer as non leaching preservative. Polymer 2011, 52, 606-616.
138. Haas, H.C.; Emerson, E.S.; Schuler, N.W. Polyvinyl trifluoroacetate. J. Polym. Sci. 1956, 22, 291-302.
139. Haas, H.C.; MacDonald, R.L.; Chiklis, C.K. α-Trifluoromethyl vinyl acetate. II. J. Polym. Sci. A-1 Polym. Chem. 1969, 7, 633-641.
140. Alves, M.H.; Jensen, B.E.B.; Smith, A.A.A.; Zelikin, A.N. Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Physical Hydrogels: New Vista on a Long Serving Biomaterial. Macromol. Biosci. 2011, 11, 1293-1313.
141. Nakano, T.; Makita, K.; Okamoto, Y. Stereochemistry of Free-Radical Polymerization of Bulky Vinyl Esters. Polym. J. 1998, 30, 681-683.
142. Lyoo, W.S.; Yeum, J.H.; Ghim, H.D.; Lee, J.S.; Ji, B.C.; Yoon, N.S.; Ha, J.B.; Lee, J. Synthesis of water-soluble syndiotacticity-rich low molecular weight poly(vinyl alcohol) by solution copolymerization of vinyl pivalate/vinyl acetate in tetrahydrofuran and saponification. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 90, 227-232.
143. Zhu, J.; Zhu, X.; Cheng, Z.; Zhang, Z. Copolymerization of N-Vinylcarbazole and Vinyl Acetate via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization. Macromol. Symp. 2008, 261, 46-53.
144. Lonsdale, D.E.; Johnston-Hall, G.; Fawcett, A.; Bell, C.A.; Urbani, C.N.; Whittaker, M.R.; Monteiro, M.J. Degradative chain transfer in vinyl acetate polymerizations using toluene as solvent. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2007, 45, 3620-3625.
145. Vasilyeva, E.V.; Kopylova, N.A.; Zaitsev, S.D.; Semchikov, Y.D. Classical and pseudoliving radical copolymerization of vinyl acetate and acrylic acid in methanol. Polym. Sci. Ser. B 2011, 53, 491-496.
146. Lee, H.; Pack, J.W.; Wang, W.; Thurecht, K.J.; Howdle, S.M. Synthesis and Phase Behavior of CO2-Soluble Hydrocarbon Copolymer: Poly(vinyl acetate-alt-dibutyl maleate). Macromolecules 2010, 43, 2276-2282.
147. Guerrero-Sanchez, C.; Harrisson, S.; Keddie, D.J. High-Throughput Method for RAFT Kinetic Investigations and Estimation of Reactivity Ratios in Copolymerization Systems. Macromol. Symp. 2013, 325-326, 38-46.
148. Lu, D.; Xiao, C.; Sun, F. Controlled grafting of poly(vinyl acetate) onto starch via RAFT polymerization. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 124, 3450-3455.
149. Bernard, J.; Favier, A.; Davis, T.P.; Barner-Kowollik, C.; Stenzel, M.H. Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol) combs via MADIX/RAFT polymerization. Polymer 2006, 47, 1073-1080.
150. Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, D.; Feng, C.; Zhai, S.; Hu, J.; Lu, G.; Huang, X. Well-defined amphiphilic graft copolymer consisting of hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) backbone and hydrophobic poly(vinyl acetate) side chains. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 2009, 47, 6032-6043.
151. Petruczok, C.D.; Barlow, R.F.; Shipp, D.A. Synthesis of poly(tert-butyl acrylate-block-vinyl acetate) copolymers by combining ATRP and RAFT polymerizations. J. Polym. Sci. Part A:Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 7200-7206.
152. Nese, A.; Kwak, Y.; Nicolay, R.; Barrett, M.; Sheiko, S.S.; Matyjaszewski, K. Synthesis of Poly(vinyl acetate) Molecular Brushes by a Combination of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) and Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 4016-4019.
153. Nese, A.; Li, Y.; Averick, S.; Kwak, Y.; Konkolewicz, D.; Sheiko, S.S.; Matyjaszewski, K. Synthesis of Amphiphilic Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-b-poly(vinyl acetate) Molecular Bottlebrushes. ACS Macro Lett. 2011, 1, 227-231.
154. Adamy, M.; van Herk, A.M.; Destarac, M.; Monteiro, M.J. Influence of the Chemical Structure of MADIX Agents on the RAFT Polymerization of Styrene. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 2293-2301.
155. Fandrich, N.; Falkenhagen, J.; Weidner, S.M.; Staal, B.; Thunemann, A.F.; Laschewsky, A. Characterization of New Amphiphilic Block Copolymers of N-Vinylpyrrolidone and Vinyl Acetate, 2-Chromatographic Separation and Analysis by MALDI-TOF and FT-IR Coupling. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2010, 211, 1678-1688.
156. Bailly, N.; Pound-Lana, G.; Klumperman, B. Synthesis, Characterization, and Self-Assembly of Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-block-poly(vinyl acetate). Aust. J. Chem. 2012, 65, 1124-1131.
157. Zhou, S.; Chu, B. Laser Light Scattering Study of Pressure-Induced Micellization of a Diblock Copolymer of Poly(1,1-dihydroperfluorooctylacrylate) and Poly(vinyl acetate) in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 5300-5308.
158. Zhou, S.; Chu, B. Self-Assembly Behavior of a Diblock Copolymer of Poly(1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) and Poly(vinyl acetate) in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 7746-7755.
159. Dayter, L.A.; Murphy, K.A.; Shipp, D.A. RAFT Polymerization of Monomers with Highly Disparate Reactivities: Use of a Single RAFT Agent and the Synthesis of Poly(styrene-block-vinyl acetate). Aust. J. Chem. 2013, 66, 1564-1569.
160. Davidson, G.S.; Terbrugge, K.G. Histologic long-term follow-up after embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles. J. Neuroradiol. 1995, 16, 843-846.
161. Orienti, I.; Di Pietra, A.; Luppi, B.; Zecchi, V. Crosslinked Polyvinylalcohol Hydrogels as Vehicles for Hydrophilic Drugs. Arch. Pharm. Pharm. Med. Chem. 2000, 333, 421-424.
162. Uhrich, K.E.; Cannizzaro, S.M.; Langer, R.S.; Shakesheff, K.M. Polymeric systems for controlled drug release. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 3181-3198.
163. Lee, K.Y.; Mooney, D.J. Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering. Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1869-1880.
164. Hassan, C.M.; Peppas, N.A. Structure and Applications of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels Produced by Conventional Crosslinking or by Freezing/Thawing Methods. In Biopolymers-PVA Hydrogels, Anionic Polymerisation Nanocomposites; Advances in Polymer Science Volume 153; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2000; pp. 37-65.
165. Choi, J.H.; Ko, S.W.; Kim, B.C.; Blackwell, J.; Lyoo, W.S. Phase Behavior and Physical Gelation of High Molecular Weight Syndiotactic Poly(vinyl alcohol) Solution. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 2964-2972.
166. Fejerskov, B.; Smith, A.A.A.; Jensen, B.E.B.; Hussmann, T.; Zelikin, A.N. Bioresorbable Surface-Adhered Enzymatic Microreactors Based on Physical Hydrogels of Poly(vinyl alcohol). Langmuir 2012, 29, 344-354.
167. Rasmussen, K.F.; Smith, A.A.A.; Ruiz-Sanchis, P.; Edlund, K.; Zelikin, A.N. Cholesterol Modification of (Bio)Polymers Using UV-Vis Traceable Chemistry in Aqueous Solutions. Macromol. Biosci. 2014, 14, 33-44.
168. Nguyen, T.L.U.; Eagles, K.; Davis, T.P.; Barner-Kowollik, C.; Stenzel, M.H. Investigation of the influence of the architectures of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) polymers made via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer/macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthates mechanism on the stabilization of suspension polymerizations. J. Polym. Sci. Part A:Polym. Chem. 2006, 44, 4372-4383.
169. Scott, C.T.; Caulfield, T.; Borgelt, E.; Illes, J. Personal medicine-The new banking crisis. Nat. Biotechnol. 2012, 30, 141-147.
170. Opar, A. As demand for organs expands, so does transplant technology. Nat. Med. 2008, 14, doi:10.1038/nm0308-225.
171. O'Neill, M.L.; Cao, Q.; Fang, M.; Johnston, K.P.; Wilkinson, S.P.; Smith, C.D.; Kerschner, J.L.; Jureller, S.H. Solubility of Homopolymers and Copolymers in Carbon Dioxide. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1998, 37, 3067-3079.
172. Kazarian, S.G.; Vincent, M.F.; Bright, F.V.; Liotta, C.L.; Eckert, C.A. Specific Intermolecular Interaction of Carbon Dioxide with Polymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1729-1736.
173. Shen, Z.; McHugh, M.A.; Xu, J.; Belardi, J.; Kilic, S.; Mesiano, A.; Bane, S.; Karnikas, C.; Beckman, E.J.; Enick, R. CO2-solubility of oligomers and polymers that contain the carbonyl group. Polymer 2003, 44, 1491-1498.
174. Rindfleisch, F.; Dinoia, T.P.; McHugh, M.A. Solubility of Polymers and Copolymers in Supercritical CO2. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 15581-15587.
175. Dinoia, T.P.; Conway, S.E.; Lim, J.S.; McHugh, M.A. Solubility of vinylidene fluoride polymers in supercritical CO2 and halogenated solvents. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 2000, 38, 2832-2840.
176. Laintz, K.E.; Wai, C.M.; Yonker, C.R.; Smith, R.D. Solubility of fluorinated metal diethyldithiocarbamates in supercritical carbon dioxide. J. Supercrit. Fluids 1991, 4, 194-198.
177. Murphy, J.M.; Erkey, C. Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Chelation in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using Fluorinated β-Diketones. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1997, 36, 5371-5376.
178. Yazdi, A.V.; Beckman, E.J. Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel, Highly CO2-Soluble Chelating Agents for Removal of Metals. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1996, 35, 3644-3652.
179. Herbert, M.; Montilla, F.; Galindo, A. The use of pyridine-functionalised polydimethylsiloxane polymers as a supercritical carbon dioxide solubilising support for copper compounds. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2007, 10, 735-737.
180. Poly, J.; Wilson, D.J.; Destarac, M.; Taton, D. Synthesis of Poly(vinyl acetate) Nanogels by Xanthate-Mediated Radical Crosslinking Copolymerization. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2008, 29, 1965-1972.
181. Poly, J.; Ibarboure, E.; Le Meins, J.F.; Rodriguez-Hernandez, J.; Taton, D.; Papon, E. Nanogels Based on Poly(vinyl acetate) for the Preparation of Patterned Porous Films. Langmuir 2011, 27, 4290-4295.
182. Haddleton, D.M.; Ohno, K. Well-Defined Oligosaccharide-Terminated Polymers from Living Radical Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2000, 1, 152-156.
183. Harrisson, S.; Drisko, G.L.; Malmström, E.; Hult, A.; Wooley, K.L. Hybrid Rigid/Soft and Biologic/Synthetic Materials: Polymers Grafted onto Cellulose Microcrystals. Biomacromolecules 2011, 12, 1214-1223.
184. Roy, D.; Guthrie, J.T.; Perrier, S. Graft Polymerization: Grafting Poly(styrene) from Cellulose via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 10363-10372.
185. Roy, D.; Knapp, J.S.; Guthrie, J.T.; Perrier, S. Antibacterial Cellulose Fiber via RAFT Surface Graft Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2007, 9, 91-99.
186. Carlmark, A.; Malmström, E. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Cellulose Fibers at Ambient Temperature. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 900-901.