Low-altitude summer/winter microphysics, dynamics, and CCN spectra of northeastern Caribbean small cumuli, and comparisons with stratus

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volumn 119, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 5445-5463

  Hudson, James G ^a   Noble, Stephen ^a  

^a DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRCRAFT; EXPERIMENTS; FORECASTING; ICE; PHYSICS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SUPERSATURATION; VELOCITY;

ADIABATIC MODELS; CCN; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; LIQUID WATER CONTENT; MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MULTIPLE REGRESSIONS; VERTICAL VELOCITY;

CLOUDS;

ADIABATIC PROCESS; ALTITUDE; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEUS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CORRELATION; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; STRATUS;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; CARIBBEAN SEA;

EID: 84901713712     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2013JD021442     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Alley, R. B., et al. (2007), Summary for policymakers, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, edited by S. Solomon et al., pp. 1-18, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge U. K.
2. Andreae, M. O., W. Elbert, Y. Cai, T. W. Andreae, and J. Gras (1999), Non-sea-salt sulfate methanesulfonate, and nitrate aerosol concentrations and nitrate aerosol concentrations and size distributions at Cape Grim, Tasmania, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D17), 21,695-21,706, doi:10.1029/1999JD900283.
3. Arabas, S., H. Pawlowska, and W. W. Grabowski (2009), Effective radius and droplet spectral width fromin-situ aircraft observations in trade-wind cumuli during RICO, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L11803, doi:10.1029/2009GL038257.
4. Baumgardner, D. (1983), An analysis and comparison of five water droplet measurement instruments, J. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 891-910.
5. Cerni, T. A. (1983), Determination of the size and concentration of cloud droplets with an FSSP, J. Climate Appl. Meteorol., 22, 1346-1355.
6. Colon-Robles, M., R. M. Rauber, and J. B. Jensen (2006), Influence of low-level wind speed on droplet spectra near cloud base in trade wind cumulus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L20814, doi:10.1029/2006GL027487.
7. Conant, W. C., et al. (2004), Aerosol-cloud drop concentration closure in warm cumulus, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D13204, doi:10.1029/2003JD004324.
8. Craig, L., A. Schanot, A. Moharreri, D. C. Rogers, and S. Dhaniyala (2013), Design and sampling characteristics of a new airborne aerosol inlet for aerosol measurements in clouds, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 30(6), 1123-1135.
9. Ezekiel, M. (1929), The application of the theory of error to multiple and curvilinear correlation, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 24(165), 99-104.
10. Feingold, G. (2003), Modeling of the first indirect effect: Analysis of measurement requirements, Geophy. Res. Lett., 30(19), 1997, doi:10.1029/2003GL017967.
11. Gerber, H., G. Frick, J. B. Jensen, and J. G. Hudson (2008), Entrainment, mixing, and microphysics in trade-wind cumulus, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 86A, 87-106.
12. Hudson, J. G. (1989), An instantaneous CCN spectrometer, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 1055-1065.
13. Hudson, J. G., and S. Mishra (2007), Relationships between CCN and cloud microphysics variations in clean maritime air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16804, doi:10.1029/2007GL030044.
14. Hudson, J. G., and S. Noble (2009), CCN and cloud droplet concentrations at a remote ocean site, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13812, doi:10.1029/2009GL038465.
15. Hudson, J. G., and S. Noble (2014a), CCN and vertical velocity influences on droplet concentrations and supersaturations in clean and polluted stratus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 312-331.
16. Hudson, J. G., and S. Noble (2014b), Reply to comment by Yangang Liu et al. on “Cloud droplet spectral width relationship to CCN spectra and vertical velocity”, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 1878-1882, doi:10.1002/2013JD020559.
17. Hudson, J. G., and C. F. Rogers (1986), Relationship between critical supersaturation and cloud droplet size: Implications for cloud mixing processes, J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2341-2359.
18. Hudson, J. G., and S. S. Yum (1997), Droplet spectral broadening in marine stratus, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2642-2654.
19. Hudson, J. G., T. J. Garrett, P. V. Hobbs, S. R. Strader, Y. X. Xie, and S. S. Yum (2000), Cloud condensation nuclei and ship track clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2696-2706.
20. Hudson, J. G., S. Noble, V. Jha, and S. Mishra (2009), Correlations of small cumuli droplet and drizzle drop concentrations with cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D05201, doi:10.1029/2008JD010581.
21. Hudson, J. G., S. Noble, and V. Jha (2010a), Stratus cloud supersaturations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21813, doi:10.1029/2010GL045197.
22. Hudson, J. G., S. Noble, and V. Jha (2010b), Comparisons of CCN with supercooled clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 67(9), 3006-3018.
23. Hudson, J. G., V. Jha, and S. Noble (2011), Drizzle correlations with giant nuclei, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L05808, doi:10.1029/2010GL046207.
24. Hudson, J. G., S. Noble, and V. Jha (2012), Cloud droplet spectral width relationship to CCN spectra and vertical velocity, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D11211, doi:10.1029/2012JD017546.
25. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2013), WGI fifth assessment, Final Draft.
26. Kamens, R. M., Z. Guo, J. N. Fulcher, and D. A. Bell (1988), The influence of humidity, sunlight, and temperature on the daytime decay of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on atmospheric soot particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 22(1), 103-108.
27. Kogan, Z. N., Y. L. Kogan, and D. K. Lilly (1996), Evaluation of sulfate aerosols indirect effect in marine stratocumulus clouds using observationderived cloud climatology, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1937-1940, doi:10.1029/96GL01793.
28. Leaitch, W. R., G. A. Isaac, J. W. Strapp, C. M. Banic, and H. A. Wiebe (1992), The relationship between cloud droplet number concentrations and anthropogenic pollution: Observations and climatic implications, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2463-2474, doi:10.1029/91JD02739.
29. Leaitch, W. R., C. M. Banic, G. A. Isaac, M. D. Couture, P. S. K. Liu, I. Gultepe, and S.-M. Li (1996), Physical and chemical observations in marine stratus during the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment: Factors controlling cloud droplet number concentrations, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D22), 29,123-29,135, doi:10.1029/96JD01228.
30. Lenschow, D. H. (1986), Aircraft measurements in the boundary layer, in Probing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, edited by D. H. Lenschow, pp. 39-55, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass.
31. Lenschow, D. H., and P. Spyers-Duran (1989), Measurement techniques: Air motion sensing, NCAR RAF Bull. 23. [Available at http://www.eol.ucar.edu/raf/Bulletins/bulletin23.html.]
32. Liu, Y., P. H. Daum, and C. Lu (2014), Comment on “Cloud droplet spectral width relationship to CCN spectra and vertical velocity” by Hudson et al., J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 1874-1877, doi:10.1002/2012JD019207.
33. Lowenstein, J. H., A. M. Blyth, and R. P. Lawson (2010), Early evolution of the largest-sized droplets in maritime cumulus clouds, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 136, 708-717.
34. Lowenthal, D. H., and K. A. Rahn (1989), The relationship between secondary sulfate and primary regional signatures in northeastern aerosol and precipitation, Atmos. Environ., 23(7), 1511-1515.
35. Lu, M. -L., W. C. Conant, H. H. Jonsson, V. Varutbangkul, R. C. Flagan, and J. H. Seinfeld (2007), The Marine Straus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE): Aerosol-cloud relationships in marine stratocumulus, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10209, doi:10.1029/2006JD007985.
36. Lu, M.-L., G. Feingold, H. H. Jonsson, P. Y. Chuang, H. Gates, R. C. Flagan, and J. H. Seinfeld (2008), Aerosol-cloud relationships in continental shallow cumulus, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15201, doi:10.1029/2007JD009354.
37. Malm, W. C., B. A. Schichtel, and M. L. Pitchford (2011), Uncertainties in PM2.5 gravimetric and speciation measurements and what we can learn from them, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 61, 1131-1149, doi:10.1080/10473289.2011.603998.
38. Noone, K. J., R. J. Charlson, D. S. Covert, J. A. Ogren, and J. Heintzenberg (1988), Cloud droplets: Solute concentration is size-dependent, J. Geophys. Res., 93D, 9477-9482, doi:10.1029/JD093iD08p09477.
39. Peng, Y., U. Lohmann, and W. R. Leaitch (2005), Importance of vertical velocity variations in the cloud droplet nucleation process of marine stratus clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21213, doi:10.1029/2004JD004922.
40. Platnick, S., and S. Twomey (1994), Determining the susceptibility of cloud albedo to changes in droplet concentration with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, J. Appl. Meteorol., 33, 334-347, doi:10.1175/520-0450(1994)033<0334:DTSOCA>2.0.CO;2.
41. Rauber, R. M., et al. (2007), Rain in shallow cumulus over the ocean, the RICO campaign, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 88, 1912-1928.
42. Reiche, C. H., and S. Lasher-Trapp (2010), The minor importance of giant aerosol to precipitation development within small trade wind cumuli observed during RICO, Atmos. Res., 95(4), 386-399.
43. Snider, J. R., S. Guibert, and J.-L. Brenguier (2003), Aerosol activation in marine stratocumulus clouds: 2. Kohler and parcel theory closure studies, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D15), 8629, doi:10.1029/2002JD002692.
44. Snyder, P., and S. Lawson (1993), Evaluating results using corrected and uncorrected effect size estimates, J. Exp. Educ., 61(4), 334-349.
45. Twohy, C. H., and J. G. Hudson (1995), Cloud condensation nuclei spectra within maritime cumulus cloud droplets, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 815-833.
46. Twomey, S. (1959), The nuclei of natural cloud formation. II: The supersaturation in natural clouds and the variation of cloud droplet concentration, Geophys. Pure Appl., 43, 243-249.
47. Warren, S. G., C. J. Hahn, J. London, R. M. Chervin, and R. L. Jenne (1988), Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean, NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-317+STR.
48. Xue, H., and G. Feingold (2006), Large eddy simulations of trade wind cumuli: Investigation of aerosol indirect effects, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1605-1622.
49. Xue, H., G. Feingold, and B. Stevens (2008), Aerosol effects on clouds, precipitation and the organization of shallow cumulus convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 392-406.
50. Yum, S. S., and J. G. Hudson (2002), Maritime/continental microphysical contrasts in stratus, Tellus B, 54, 61-73.
51. Yum, S. S., J. G. Hudson, and Y. Xie (1998), Comparisons of cloud microphysics with cloud condensation nuclei spectra over the summertime Southern Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16,625-16,636, doi:10.1029/98JD01513.
52. Zuidema, P., H. Xue, and G. Feingold (2008), Shortwave radiative impacts from aerosol effect in marine shallow cumuli, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1979-1990.