메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 88, Issue 12, 2007, Pages 1912-1928

Rain in shallow cumulus over the ocean: The RICO campaign

(42)  Rauber, Robert M a   Stevens, Bjorn b   Ochs III, Harry T a   Knight, Charles c   Albrecht, B A d   Blythe, A M e   Fairall, C W f   Jensen, J B c   Lasher Trapp, S G g   Mayol Bracero, O L h   Vali, G i   Anderson, J R j   Baker, B A k   Bandy, A R l   Brunet, E m   Brenguier, J L m   Brewer, W A f   Brown, P R A n   Chuang, P o   Cotton, W R p   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; CLOUDS; OCEANOGRAPHY; POLARIMETERS; REMOTE SENSING;

EID: 38949157156     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-88-12-1912     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (354)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 34250017144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of cloud resolving model simulations of trade wind cumulus with aircraft observations taken during RICO
    • Abel, S., and B. Shipway, 2007: A comparison of cloud resolving model simulations of trade wind cumulus with aircraft observations taken during RICO. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 133, 781-794.
    • (2007) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.133 , pp. 781-794
    • Abel, S.1    Shipway, B.2
  • 2
    • 0024812929 scopus 로고
    • Aerosols, cloud microphysics and fractional cloudiness
    • Albrecht, B. A., 1989: Aerosols, cloud microphysics and fractional cloudiness. Science, 245, 1227-1230.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 1227-1230
    • Albrecht, B.A.1
  • 3
    • 0000102076 scopus 로고
    • Mass and energy transports in an undisturbed Atlantic trade-wind flow
    • Augstein, E., H. Riehl, F. Ostapoff, and V. Wagner, 1973: Mass and energy transports in an undisturbed Atlantic trade-wind flow. Mon. Wea. Rev., 101, 101-111.
    • (1973) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.101 , pp. 101-111
    • Augstein, E.1    Riehl, H.2    Ostapoff, F.3    Wagner, V.4
  • 4
    • 0001293931 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of droplet spectra and rate of production of embryonic raindrops in small cumulus clouds
    • Baker, M. B., and J. Latham, 1979: The evolution of droplet spectra and rate of production of embryonic raindrops in small cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1612-1615.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.36 , pp. 1612-1615
    • Baker, M.B.1    Latham, J.2
  • 5
    • 84981621643 scopus 로고
    • Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its parameterizatiom
    • Betts, A. K., 1973: Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its parameterizatiom. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 99, 178-196.
    • (1973) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.99 , pp. 178-196
    • Betts, A.K.1
  • 6
    • 0027838707 scopus 로고
    • Entrainment in cumulus clouds
    • Blyth, A. M., 1993: Entrainment in cumulus clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 626-641.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.32 , pp. 626-641
    • Blyth, A.M.1
  • 7
    • 28944450038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL023851
    • Bony, S., and J.-L. Dufresne, 2006: Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20806, doi:10.1029/2005GL023851.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.32
    • Bony, S.1    Dufresne, J.-L.2
  • 8
    • 0027427027 scopus 로고
    • Cumulus entrainment and cloud droplet spectra: A numerical model within a two-dimensional dynamical framework
    • Brenguier, J.-L., and V. W. Grabowski, 1993: Cumulus entrainment and cloud droplet spectra: A numerical model within a two-dimensional dynamical framework, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 120-136.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.50 , pp. 120-136
    • Brenguier, J.-L.1    Grabowski, V.W.2
  • 10
    • 11744317693 scopus 로고
    • A census of cumulus-cloud height versus precipitation in the vicinity of Puerto Rico during the winter and spring of 1953-1954
    • Byers, H. R., and R. K. Hall, 1955: A census of cumulus-cloud height versus precipitation in the vicinity of Puerto Rico during the winter and spring of 1953-1954. J. Meteor., 12, 176-178.
    • (1955) J. Meteor , vol.12 , pp. 176-178
    • Byers, H.R.1    Hall, R.K.2
  • 11
    • 33845624149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of low-level wind speed on droplet spectra near cloud base in trade wind cumulus
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL027487
    • Colón-Robles, M., R. M. Rauber, and J. B. Jensen, 2006: The influence of low-level wind speed on droplet spectra near cloud base in trade wind cumulus. Geophy. Res. Lett., 33, L20814 doi:10.1029/2006GL027487.
    • (2006) Geophy. Res. Lett , vol.33
    • Colón-Robles, M.1    Rauber, R.M.2    Jensen, J.B.3
  • 12
    • 0024829985 scopus 로고
    • Effects of variable droplet growth histories on droplet size distributions. Part I: Theory
    • Cooper, W. A., 1989: Effects of variable droplet growth histories on droplet size distributions. Part I: Theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1301-1311.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.46 , pp. 1301-1311
    • Cooper, W.A.1
  • 13
    • 21244497921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of entrainment in eastern Pacific marine stratocumulus using three conserved scalars
    • Faloona, I., and Coauthors, 2005: Observations of entrainment in eastern Pacific marine stratocumulus using three conserved scalars. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3268-3285.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.62 , pp. 3268-3285
    • Faloona, I.1
  • 14
    • 0343457298 scopus 로고
    • Problems connected with the condensation and precipitation processes in the atmosphere
    • Houghton, H. G., 1938: Problems connected with the condensation and precipitation processes in the atmosphere. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 19, 152-159.
    • (1938) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.19 , pp. 152-159
    • Houghton, H.G.1
  • 15
    • 0020332032 scopus 로고
    • The role of giant and ultragiant aerosol particles in warm rain initiation
    • Johnson, D. B., 1982: The role of giant and ultragiant aerosol particles in warm rain initiation. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 448-460.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.39 , pp. 448-460
    • Johnson, D.B.1
  • 16
    • 0032455544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • dr history of Florida cumulus early radar echoes from small, warm cumulus: Bragg and hydrometeor scattering
    • dr history of Florida cumulus early radar echoes from small, warm cumulus: Bragg and hydrometeor scattering. J. Atmos, Sci., 55, 2974-2992.
    • (1998) J. Atmos, Sci , vol.55 , pp. 2974-2992
    • Knight, C.A.1    Miller, L.J.2
  • 17
    • 0027833559 scopus 로고
    • Drop size separation in numerically simulated convective clouds and its effect on warm rain formation
    • Kogan, Y. L., 1993: Drop size separation in numerically simulated convective clouds and its effect on warm rain formation. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1238-1253.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.50 , pp. 1238-1253
    • Kogan, Y.L.1
  • 18
    • 0031395057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling entraimentt and finescale mixing in cumulus clouds
    • Krueger, S.K., C.-W. Su, and P. A. McMurtry, 1997: Modeling entraimentt and finescale mixing in cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2697-2712.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.54 , pp. 2697-2712
    • Krueger, S.K.1    Su, C.-W.2    McMurtry, P.A.3
  • 19
    • 23044481019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broadening of droplet size distributions from entrainment and mixing in a cumulus cloud
    • Lasher-Trapp, S., W. A. Cooper, and A. M. Blyth, 2005: Broadening of droplet size distributions from entrainment and mixing in a cumulus cloud. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 195-220.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 195-220
    • Lasher-Trapp, S.1    Cooper, W.A.2    Blyth, A.M.3
  • 20
    • 84987157110 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory studies of the effects of mixing on the evolution of cloud droplet spectra
    • Latham, J., and R. L. Reed, 1977: Laboratory studies of the effects of mixing on the evolution of cloud droplet spectra. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 103, 297-306.
    • (1977) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.103 , pp. 297-306
    • Latham, J.1    Reed, R.L.2
  • 21
    • 33750285889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2D-S (stereo) probe: Design and preliminary test of a new airborne, high-speed, high-resolution particle imaging probe
    • Lawson, R. P., D. O'Connor, P. Zmarzly, K. Weaver, B. Baker, Q. Mo, and H. Jonsson, 2006: The 2D-S (stereo) probe: Design and preliminary test of a new airborne, high-speed, high-resolution particle imaging probe. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 1462-1477
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.23 , pp. 1462-1477
    • Lawson, R.P.1    O'Connor, D.2    Zmarzly, P.3    Weaver, K.4    Baker, B.5    Mo, Q.6    Jonsson, H.7
  • 22
    • 0006286315 scopus 로고
    • Shower formation in large cumulus
    • Ludlam, F.H., and P.M. Saunders, 1956: Shower formation in large cumulus. Tellus, 8, 424-442.
    • (1956) Tellus , vol.8 , pp. 424-442
    • Ludlam, F.H.1    Saunders, P.M.2
  • 23
    • 34250887499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact mechanism of shallow cumulus-convection on tropical climate dynamics
    • Neggers, R. A., J. D. Neelin, and B. Stevens 2007: Impact mechanism of shallow cumulus-convection on tropical climate dynamics. J. Climate, 20, 2623-2642.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 2623-2642
    • Neggers, R.A.1    Neelin, J.D.2    Stevens, B.3
  • 24
    • 0002118230 scopus 로고
    • Heat and moisture budget analyses using BOMEX data
    • Nitta, T., and S. Esbensen, 1974: Heat and moisture budget analyses using BOMEX data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 102, 17-28.
    • (1974) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.102 , pp. 17-28
    • Nitta, T.1    Esbensen, S.2
  • 26
    • 0026295837 scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for giant raindrop formation in warm shallow convective clouds
    • Rauber, R. M., K. V. Beard, and B. M. Andrews, 1991: A mechanism for giant raindrop formation in warm shallow convective clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1791-1797.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.48 , pp. 1791-1797
    • Rauber, R.M.1    Beard, K.V.2    Andrews, B.M.3
  • 27
    • 0036648346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate
    • Reynolds, R. W., N. A. Rayner, T. M. Smith, D. C. Stokes, and W. Wang, 2002: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 1609-1625
    • Reynolds, R.W.1    Rayner, N.A.2    Smith, T.M.3    Stokes, D.C.4    Wang, W.5
  • 30
    • 0004005540 scopus 로고
    • Some characteristics of tropical marine showers
    • Saunders, P. M., 1965: Some characteristics of tropical marine showers. J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 167-175.
    • (1965) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.22 , pp. 167-175
    • Saunders, P.M.1
  • 31
    • 0344272172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle-turbulence interactions in atmospheric clouds
    • Shaw, R. A., 2003: Particle-turbulence interactions in atmospheric clouds. Annu, Rev. Fluid Mech., 35, 183-227.
    • (2003) Annu, Rev. Fluid Mech , vol.35 , pp. 183-227
    • Shaw, R.A.1
  • 32
    • 0034351738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRMM radar observations of shallow precipitation over the tropical oceans
    • Short, D. A., and K. Nakamura, 2000: TRMM radar observations of shallow precipitation over the tropical oceans. J. Climate, 13, 4107-4124.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 4107-4124
    • Short, D.A.1    Nakamura, K.2
  • 33
    • 0002951210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shallow cumulus convection
    • E. J. Plate et al, Eds, Kluwer Academic
    • Siebesma, A. P., 1998: Shallow cumulus convection. Buoyant Convection in Geophysical Flows, E. J. Plate et al., Eds., Kluwer Academic, 441-486.
    • (1998) Buoyant Convection in Geophysical Flows , pp. 441-486
    • Siebesma, A.P.1
  • 35
    • 0001580374 scopus 로고
    • The microstructure and colloidal stability of warm clouds: Part 1-The relation between structure and stability
    • Squires, P., 1958: The microstructure and colloidal stability of warm clouds: Part 1-The relation between structure and stability. Tellus, 10, 256-261.
    • (1958) Tellus , vol.10 , pp. 256-261
    • Squires, P.1
  • 36
    • 0024783232 scopus 로고
    • Growth of cloud drops by condensation: A criticism of currently accepted theory and new approach
    • Srivastava, R. C., 1989: Growth of cloud drops by condensation: A criticism of currently accepted theory and new approach. J. Atmosi Sci., 46, 869-887.
    • (1989) J. Atmosi Sci , vol.46 , pp. 869-887
    • Srivastava, R.C.1
  • 37
    • 20544442995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric moist convection
    • Stevens, B., 2005: Atmospheric moist convection. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 33, 605-643.
    • (2005) Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci , vol.33 , pp. 605-643
    • Stevens, B.1
  • 38
    • 34548146135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the growth of layers of nonprecipitating cumulus convection
    • Stevens, B., 2007: On the growth of layers of nonprecipitating cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2916-2931.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.64 , pp. 2916-2931
    • Stevens, B.1
  • 39
    • 39049161629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stevens, B., and Coauthors, 2003: DYCOMS-II. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 579-593.
    • Stevens, B., and Coauthors, 2003: DYCOMS-II. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 579-593.
  • 40
    • 0001960501 scopus 로고
    • Entraiment of air into a cumulus cloud
    • Stommel, H., 1947: Entraiment of air into a cumulus cloud. J. Meteor., 4, 91-94.
    • (1947) J. Meteor , vol.4 , pp. 91-94
    • Stommel, H.1
  • 41
    • 0021639144 scopus 로고
    • Entrainment at cloud tops and the droplet spectra
    • Telford, J. W., T. S. Keck, and S, K. Chai, 1984: Entrainment at cloud tops and the droplet spectra. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3170-3179.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.41 , pp. 3170-3179
    • Telford, J.W.1    Keck, T.S.2    Chai, S.K.3
  • 42
    • 0024907516 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models
    • Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779-1800.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.117 , pp. 1779-1800
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 43
    • 0000490040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of condensed water content in liquid and ice clouds using an airborne counterflow virtual impactor
    • Twohy, C., A. J. Schanot, and W. A. Cooper, 1997: Measurement of condensed water content in liquid and ice clouds using an airborne counterflow virtual impactor. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 197-202.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.14 , pp. 197-202
    • Twohy, C.1    Schanot, A.J.2    Cooper, W.A.3
  • 44
    • 27144554835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ERA-40 reanalysis
    • Uppala, S.M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 reanalysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 2961-3012
    • Uppala, S.M.1
  • 45
    • 0001724401 scopus 로고
    • Salt nuclei in marine as a function of altitude and wind force
    • Woodcock, A H., 1953: Salt nuclei in marine as a function of altitude and wind force. J. Meteor., 10, 362-471.
    • (1953) J. Meteor , vol.10 , pp. 362-471
    • Woodcock, A.H.1
  • 46
    • 33646440016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of low-latitude cloud properties and their response to climate change in three AGCMs sorted into regimes using mid-tropospheric vertical velocity
    • Wyant, M. C., G. S. Bretherton, J. T. Backmeister, J. T. Kiehl, I. M. Held, S. A. Klein, and B. J. Soden, 2000: A comparison of low-latitude cloud properties and their response to climate change in three AGCMs sorted into regimes using mid-tropospheric vertical velocity. Climate Dyn., 27, 261-279.
    • (2000) Climate Dyn , vol.27 , pp. 261-279
    • Wyant, M.C.1    Bretherton, G.S.2    Backmeister, J.T.3    Kiehl, J.T.4    Held, I.M.5    Klein, S.A.6    Soden, B.J.7
  • 47
    • 34548315369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol effects on clouds, precipitation, and the organization of shallow cumulus convection
    • in press
    • Xue, H., G. Feingold, and B. Stevens, 2007: Aerosol effects on clouds, precipitation, and the organization of shallow cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., in press.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci
    • Xue, H.1    Feingold, G.2    Stevens, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.