Historical perspective of traditional indigenous medical practices: The current renaissance and conservation of herbal resources

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Volumn 2014, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Pan, Si Yuan ^a   Litscher, Gerhard ^b   Gao, Si Hua ^a   Zhou, Shu Feng ^c   Yu, Zhi Ling ^d   Chen, Hou Qi ^e   Zhang, Shuo Feng ^a   Tang, Min Ke ^a   Sun, Jian Ning ^a   Ko, Kam Ming ^f  

^a BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE MEDICINE   (China)

^b MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^d HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

^e American Academy of Natural Medicine   (United States)

^f HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MATERIA MEDICA;

AGING; ARABIC HERBAL MEDICINE; AYURVEDA; CHINESE MEDICINE; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH PROMOTION; HERB; HERBAL MEDICINE; HUMAN; MEDICAL PRACTICE; NONHUMAN; PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM; REVIEW; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 84901272992     PISSN: 1741427X     EISSN: 17414288     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2014/525340     Document Type: Review

References (159)

1. Botanic gardens conservation international. 2013 (Chinese), http://www.bgci.org/index.php?option=com-content&id=2016&status= published
2. Media Centre. Traditional Medicine, 2013, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs134/en/
3. Jack D. B., One hundred years of aspirin. The Lancet 1997 350 9075 437 439 2-s2.0-0030798861 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07087-6 (Pubitemid 27331247)
4. Falodun A., Herbal medicine in Africa-distribution, standardization and prospects. Research Journal of Phytochemistry 2010 4 3 154 161 2-s2.0-77956576450 10.3923/rjphyto.2010.154.161
5. Leroi Gourhan A., The flowers found with Shanidar IV, a Neanderthal burial in Iraq. Science 1975 190 4214 562 564 2-s2.0-0016820627
6. Neolithic site of the cross-lake bridge. 2013 (Chinese), http://baike.baidu.com/view/1464263.htm
7. Pan S. Y., Pan S., Yu Z. L., Ma D. L., Chen S. B., Fong W. F., Han Y. F., Ko K. M., New perspectives on innovative drug discovery: an overview. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2010 13 3 450 471 2-s2.0-78650387939
8. Munos B., Lessons from 60 years of pharmaceutical innovation. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2009 8 12 959 968 2-s2.0-73449101512 10.1038/nrd2961
9. Humber J. M., The role of complementary and alternative medicine: accommodating pluralism. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002 288 13 1655 1656
10. Seidl P. R., Pharmaceuticals from natural products: current trends. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2002 74 1 145 150 2-s2.0-0036512022 (Pubitemid 135695061)
11. Li X.-J., Zhang H.-Y., Western-medicine-validated anti-tumor agents and traditional Chinese medicine. Trends in Molecular Medicine 2008 14 1 1 2 2-s2.0-38049028234 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.11.002
12. Corson T. W., Crews C. M., Molecular understanding and modern application of traditional medicines: triumphs and trials. Cell 2007 130 5 769 774 2-s2.0-34548279788 10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.021 (Pubitemid 47332575)
13. Schmidt B. M., Ribnicky D. M., Lipsky P. E., Raskin I., Revisiting the ancient concept of botanical therapeutics. Nature Chemical Biology 2007 3 7 360 366 2-s2.0-34250702156 10.1038/nchembio0707-360 (Pubitemid 46956331)
14. Suzuki N., Complementary and alternative medicine: a Japanese perspective. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2004 2 2 113 118
15. Manek N. J., Crowson C. S., Ottenberg A. L., Curlin F. A., Kaptchuk T. J., Tilburt J. C., What rheumatologists in the United States think of complementary and alternative medicine: results of a national survey. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2010 10, article 5 2-s2.0-77349123310 10.1186/1472-6882-10-5
16. Barnes P. M., Bloom B., Nahin R. L., Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. National Health Statistics Reports 2008 12 1 23
17. Wanchai A., Armer J. M., Stewart B. R., Complementary and alternative medicine use among women with breast cancer: a systematic review. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 2010 14 4 E45 E55 2-s2.0-79952110969 10.1188/10.CJON.E45-E55
18. Bishop F. L., Lewith G. T., Who uses CAM a narrative review of demographic characteristics and health factors associated with CAM use. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2010 7 1 11 28 2-s2.0-77249150432 10.1093/ecam/nen023
19. Moran M. S., Ma S., Jagsi R., Yang T. J., Higgins S. A., Weidhaas J. B., Wilson L. D., Lloyd S., Peschel R., Gaudreau B., Rockwell S., A prospective, multicenter study of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) utilization during definitive radiation for breast cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 2012 85 1 40 46
20. Chung V. C., Ma P. H., Lau C. H., Wong S. Y., Yeoh E. K., Griffiths S. M., Views on traditional Chinese medici amongst Chinese population: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Health Expectations 2012 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2012.00794.x
21. Pan S. Y., Gao S. H., Zhou S. F., Tang M. K., Yu Z. L., Ko K. M., New perspectives on complementary and alternative medicine: an overview and alternative therapy. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 2012 18 4 20 36
22. Pan S. Y., Chen S. B., Dong H. G., Yu Z. L., Dong J. C., Long Z. X., Fong W. F., Han Y. F., Ko K.M., New perspectives on chinese herbal medicine (Zhong-Yao) research and development. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 2011 11 2-s2.0-78650367941 10.1093/ecam/neq056 403709
23. Pan S. Y., Gao S. H., Zhou S. F., Dong H. G., Tang M. K., Yu Z. L., Ko K. M., New perspectives on dietary-derived treatments and food safety-antinomy in a new era. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2013 10.1080/10408398.2011.654286
24. Pan S. Y., Gao S. H., Zhou S. F., Yu Z. L., Zhang S. F., Tang M. K., Sun J. N., Ma D. L., Han Y. F., Fong W. F., Ko K. M., New perspectives on how to discover drug from herbal medicines: CAM's outstanding contribution to modern therapeutics. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 2013 25 10.1155/2013/627375 627375
25. Xu J., Yang Y., Traditional Chinese medicine in the Chinese health care system. Health Policy 2009 90 2-3 133 139 2-s2.0-63949088173 10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.09.003
26. Lu A. P., Jia H. W., Xiao C., Lu Q. P., Theory of traditional chinese medicine and therapeutic method of diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004 10 13 1854 1856 2-s2.0-3543098689 (Pubitemid 39029278)
27. Kuang D., Agricultural advance by Yandi Sennongshi and Hunan ancient rice culture. Agricultural Archeology 2000 1 1 129 141
28. Dharmananda S., The lessons of Shennong: the basis of Chinese herb medicine. 2013, http://www.itmonline.org/arts/shennong.htm
29. Medical thinking in Shi-Jing. 2013 (Chinese), http://www.zhong-yao.net/ yi/wh/mh/200901/159797.html
30. Hu L., Textual research of medicinal and edible plants in Shanhaijing China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2008 33 10 1226 1230 2-s2.0-44949178391
31. Wang X. T., The view on the history investigation of CMM processing China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 1992 17 4 211 212
32. Pan S. Y., Traditional Chinese Medicine: Its Story Beijing, China Beijing Science and Technology Press. 2007 (Chinese)
33. Ancient Chinese materia medica literature. 2013 (Chinese), http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/19251680.html
34. 2013, http://lls.nau.edu.cn/njsj/web/course1/gjjs/gjjs-bcgm.htm
35. Xiao P. G., Liu Y., Xiao W., A survey of Western herbal medicines and Chinese countermeasures of development China Pharmaceutical Journal 2001 36 505 507
36. Assinewe V. A., Baum B. R., Gagnon D., Arnason J. T., Phytochemistry of wild populations of Panax quinquefolius L. (North American ginseng). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003 51 16 4549 4553 2-s2.0-0042303946 10.1021/jf030042h
37. Qi L.-W., Wang C.-Z., Yuan C.-S., Ginsenosides from American ginseng: chemical and pharmacological diversity. Phytochemistry 2011 72 8 689 699 2-s2.0-79954627696 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.012
38. Kuhle S., Seida J. K., Durec T., North American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) preparations for prevention of the common cold in healthy adults: a systematic review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 2011 7 2-s2.0-79953284575 10.1093/ecam/nep068 282151
39. Cheng L., Mitchell P. D., Status of the Wisconsin ginseng industry. 2013, http://www.aae.wisc.edu/pubs/misc/docs/Mitchell.WI.Ginseng.Industry.2009.pdf
40. Leung K. W., Wong A. S., Pharmacology of ginsenosides: a literature review. Chinese Medicine 2010 5, article 20 2-s2.0-77953307436 10.1186/1749-8546-5-20
41. Naija talk community. 2013, http://naija.your-talk.com/t2543-make-500000- monthly-from-gallstone-export-business
42. Jian Zhen,. 2013 (Chinese), http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ %E9%91%92%E7%9C%9F
43. Matsumoto M., Inoue K., Kajii E., Integrating traditional medicine in Japan: the case of Kampo medicines. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 1999 7 4 254 255 2-s2.0-0033393399 (Pubitemid 30047637)
44. The Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 2013, http://www.pmda.go.jp/english/ pharmacopoeia/pdf/jpdata/JP16eng.pdf
45. Wild animals in China. Chinese, http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/25348666
46. Plants. 2013 (Chinese) http://baike.baidu.com/view/3468.htm
47. Botanic gardens conservation international. 2013, http://www.bgci.org/ worldwide/
48. Are there how many endangered animals and plants? 2013 (Chinese), http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/130792159.html?push=ql
49. China has nearly 2, 000 species of wild animals and plants threatened with extinction. 2013 (Chinese), http://env.people.com.cn/GB/11683830.html
50. Li W. F., Jiang J. G., Chen J., Chinese Medicine and Its Modernization Demands. Archives of Medical Research 2008 39 2 246 251 2-s2.0-37349062667 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.09.011 (Pubitemid 350299628)
51. Are there how many endangered animals and plants? 2013 (Chinese), http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/130792159.html?push=ql
52. Precious Chinese herbal medicine. 2013, http://www.chinapharm.com.cn/ html/hyyw/09332920050713.html
53. Sun C. B., Zhou B., Miao S. P., Discussion about the traditional Tibet medicine modernization Northwest Pharmaceutical Journal 2005 20 1 42 44
54. Tang Z. Y., Ling G. W., Advances in studies on nano-Chinese materia medica Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 2007 38 4 627 629 2-s2.0-34249989909
55. Zhang Y. D., Application of nanobiological technology in medicine and its advances in China Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2006 28 4 579 582 2-s2.0-33749822792
56. Ding L., Hong X. H., The current situation and perspective of TCM aerosols. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2007 27 10 957 958 2-s2.0-58149177458
57. Zhao Z., Liang Z., Chan K., Lu G., Lee E. L. M., Chen H., Li L., A unique issue in the standardization of Chinese materia medica: processing. Planta Medica 2010 76 17 1975 1986 2-s2.0-78649918891 10.1055/s-0030-1250522
58. The status quo and development trend of the CMM industry in China. 2013 (Chinese), http://www.cu-market.com.cn/hgjj/2011-6-3/17403034.html
59. Chinese medicine industry analysis report (2011). 2013 (Chinese), http://www.doc88.com/p-889680701781.html
60. The US herbal medicine market. 2013 (Chinese), http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/ blog4dade027010184lv.html
61. Export of Chinese medicine topped 1.4 billion U.S. dollars in 2009. 2013 (Chinese), http://www.zhzyw.org/zyxx/zyxw/102316BABI151B9477303AA.html
62. Clostre F., Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). State of knowledge in the dawn of the year 2000. Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises 1999 47 supplement 1 S18 S88
63. Li Y., How chinese scientists discovered qinghaoso (artemisinin) and developed its derivatives ? What are the future perspectives ? Medecine Tropicale 1998 58 3 9 12 2-s2.0-0002776039 (Pubitemid 128707810)
64. Nicolaou K. C., Yang Z., Liu J. J., Ueno H., Nantermet P. G., Guy R. K., Claiborne C. F., Renaud J., Couladouros E. A., Paulvannan K., Sorensen E. J., Total synthesis of taxol. Nature 1994 367 6464 630 634 2-s2.0-0028012837 10.1038/367630a0 (Pubitemid 24069071)
65. Leu L., Mohassel L., Arsenic trioxide as first-line treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia. The American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2009 66 21 1913 1918 2-s2.0-70449637501 10.2146/ajhp080342
66. Vaidya A. D. B., Devasagayam T. P. A., Current status of herbal drugs in India: an overview. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 2007 41 1 1 11 2-s2.0-34547962849 10.3164/jcbn.2007001 (Pubitemid 47266167)
67. Rigveda. http://www.indianetzone.com/2/rig-veda.htm
68. Prasad P. V., Atharvaveda and its materia medica. Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad) 2000 30 2 83 92 2-s2.0-0034237043
69. Dev S., Ayurveda and modern drug development. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy A: Physical Sciences 1988 54 12 42
70. Prasad P. V., Narayana A., Biography of Narahari-the author of Raja-Nighantu. Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad) 2007 37 1 1 8 2-s2.0-67651065152
71. Nagarjuna. 2013, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nagarjuna/#PriLit
72. Ayurvedic medicine. 2013, http://egofelix.com/7963-ayurvedic-medicine
73. http, Charaka Samhita. 2013, http://www.indianetzone.com/20/charaka- samhita.htm
74. Singh R. K., Vyas M. K., Surgical procedures in Sushruta Samhita. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy 2012 3 5 1444 1450
75. Devarkar V. D., Mane P. S., Aswale S. N., Literature for better health and clean environment. A basic human right. Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship 2012 1 1 1 12
76. Joy P. P., Thomas J., Mathew S., Skaria B. P., Bose T. K., Kabir J., Das P., Joy P. P., Medicinal Plants. Tropical Horticulture 2001 2 Calcutta, India Naya Prokash 449 632
77. Materia Medica of Ayurveda-Madanapala's Nighantu, 2013, http://www.vedicbooks.net/materia-medica-ayurveda-madanapalas-nighantu-p-202. html
78. Dev S., Ancient-modern concordance in ayurvedic plants: some examples. Environmental Health Perspectives 1999 107 10 783 789 2-s2.0-0032741242 (Pubitemid 29525129)
79. Review of literature. 2013, http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/ 10603/5380/6/06-chapter2.pdf
80. Singh H., Prospects and challenges for harnessing opportunities in medicinal plants sector in India. Law, Environment and Development Journal 2006 2 2 198 210
81. Baragi P. C., Patgiri B. J., Prajapati P. K., Neutraceuticals in Ayurveda with special reference to Avaleha Kalpana. Ancient Science of Life 2008 28 2 29 32
82. Dev S., Ethnotherapeutics and modern drug development: the potential of Ayurveda. Current Science 1997 73 11 909 928 2-s2.0-0001428639 (Pubitemid 127704821)
83. Joy P. P., Thomas J., Mathew S., Skaria B. P., Medicinal plants. 2013, http://ppjoy.tripod.com/PDFs/Bk%20Medicinal%20Plants.PDF
84. Wakdikar S., Global health care challenge: indian experiences and new prescriptions. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 2004 7 3 214 220 2-s2.0-12344329733 (Pubitemid 40132289)
85. Mukherjee P. K., Wahile A., Integrated approaches towards drug development from Ayurveda and other Indian system of medicines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2006 103 1 25 35 2-s2.0-27944493214 10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.024 (Pubitemid 41681139)
86. Aggarwal B. B., Prasad S., Reuter S., Kannappan R., Yadav V. R., Park B., Kim J. H., Gupta S. C., Phromnoi K., Sundaram C., Prasad S., Chaturvedi M. M., Sung B., Identification of novel anti-inflammatory agents from ayurvedic medicine for prevention of chronic diseases: "Reverse pharmacology" and "Bedside to bench" approach. Current Drug Targets 2011 12 11 1595 1653 2-s2.0-80054059652 10.2174/138945011798109464
87. Kumar G. P., Khanum F., Neuroprotective potential of phytochemicals. Pharmacognosy Reviews 2012 6 12 81 90
88. Kulkarni R., Girish K. J., Kumar A., Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: an update. Pharmacognosy Reviews 2012 6 12 147 153
89. Sharma H., Chandola H. M., Singh G., Basisht G., Utilization of Ayurveda in health care: an approach for prevention, health promotion, and treatment of disease. Part 1. Ayurveda, the science of life. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2007 13 9 1011 1019 2-s2.0-36749040805 10.1089/acm.2007.7017-A (Pubitemid 350208888)
90. Ramakrishnappa K., bs Impact of cultivation and gathering of medicinal plants on biodiversity: case studies from India. Biodiversity and the Ecosystem Approach in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries FAO. 2013, http://www.fao.org/ DOCREP/005/AA021E/AA021e00.htm
91. IUCN red list. 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN-Red-List
92. Chaudhary A., Singh N., Herbo mineral formulations (Rasaoushadhies) of Ayurvedia an amazing inheritance of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. Ancient Science of Life 2010 30 1 18 26
93. Dwivedi V., Anandan E. M., Mony R. S., Muraleedharan T. S., Valiathan M. S., Mutsuddi M., Lakhotia S. C., In vivo effects of traditional Ayurvedic formulations in Drosophila melanogaster model relate with therapeutic applications. PLoS ONE 2012 7 5 e37113
94. Chaudhary A., Singh N., Dalvi M., Wele A., A progressive review of Sandhana kalpana (Biomedical fermentation): an advanced innovative dosage form of Ayurveda. Ayurveda 2011 32 3 408 417
95. Bhojashettar S., Jadar P. G., Rao V. N., Pharmaceutical study of Yashadabhasma. Ancient Science of Life 2012 31 3 90 94
96. Singh N., Chaudhary A., A comparative review study of Sneha Kalpana (Paka) vis-a-vis liposome. Ayurveda 2011 32 1 103 108
97. Chaudhary A., Singh N., Dalvi M., Wele A., A progressive review of Sandhana kalpana (Biomedical fermentation): an advanced innovative dosage form of Ayurveda. Ayurveda 2011 32 3 408 417
98. Ilanchezhian R., Roshy J. C., Rabinarayan A., Importance of media in Shodhana (purification/processing) of poisonous herbal drugs. Ancient Science of Life 2010 30 2 54 57
99. Prajapati P. K., Singh A. K., Joshi D., Aryya N. C., The role of Gandhka Jarana in the preparation of samguna and sadaguna Rasa Sindura. Ancient Science of Life 1994 14 1-2 99 107
100. Sharma H., Chandola H. M., Singh G., Basisht G., Utilization of Ayurveda in health care: an approach for prevention, health promotion, and treatment of disease. Part 2. Ayurveda in primary health care. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2007 13 10 1135 1150 2-s2.0-37649022854 10.1089/acm.2007.7017-B
101. Ayurvedic Medicine: An Introduction, 2013, http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ ayurveda/introduction.htm
102. Liu W. J. H., Introduction to traditional herbal medicines and their study. 2013, http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product-data/excerpt/61/04701493/ 0470149361-93.pdf
103. Herbal medicine for market potential in India: an overview. 2013, http://farmasibahanalam.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/sharma-2008.pdf
104. International meeting of world pharmacopoeias. http://www.who.int/ medicines/areas/quality-safety/quality-assurance/resources/Indian-Pharmacopoeia. pdf
105. Saini, Saini K., Singh G. K., Establishment of an herbal industry in India. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archive 2011 2 4 1011 1019
106. Sharma A., Shanker C., Tyagi L. K., Singh M., Rao C. V., Herbal medicine for market potential in India: an overview. Academic Journal of Plant Science 2008 1 2 26 36
107. Kamboj V. P., Herbal medicine. Current Science 2000 78 1 35 39 2-s2.0-0038013518
108. The rapid development of the Indian herbal exports. 2013 (Chinese), http://www.cn939.com/tcm-article-read-57861.html
109. Singh K. M., Swanson B. E., Development of supply chains for medicinal plants: a case study involving the production of vinca rosa by small farmers in the patna district of Bihar India. 2013, http://globalfoodchainpartnerships.org/ cairo/papers/KMSinghIndia.pdf
110. Patwardhan B., Mashelkar R. A., Traditional medicine-inspired approaches to drug discovery: can Ayurveda show the way forward? Drug Discovery Today 2009 14 15-16 804 811 2-s2.0-67651232559 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.05.009
111. Indian herbal sector. 2013, http://www.nistads.res.in/indiasnt2008/ t4industry/t4ind19.htm
112. The legacy of Islam. 2013, http://arthursclassicnovels.com/islam/ legacyofislam.htm
113. Azaizeh H., Saad B., Cooper E., Said O., Traditional Arabic and Islamic medicine, a re-emerging health aid. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2010 7 4 419 424 2-s2.0-77955002878 10.1093/ecam/nen039
114. Saad B., Azaizeh H., Said O., Tradition and perspectives of Arab herbal medicine: a review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2005 2 4 475 479 2-s2.0-28644444018 10.1093/ecam/neh133 (Pubitemid 41752483)
115. Pan S. Y., Traditional Chinese Medicine: Its Story 2007 Beijing, China Beijing Science and Technology Press
116. Ajlouni K. M., Values, qualifications, ethics and legal standards in Arabic (Islamic) medicine. Saudi Medical Journal 2003 24 8 820 826 2-s2.0-0141704279 (Pubitemid 37160623)
117. Shetty P., Arabic roots of modern medicine. The Lancet 2011 378 9785 19 20 2-s2.0-79959951712 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61004-0
118. Azaizeh H., Saad B., Cooper E., Said O., Traditional Arabic and Islamic medicine, a re-emerging health aid. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2010 7 4 419 424 2-s2.0-77955002878 10.1093/ecam/nen039
119. Heneidy S. Z., Bidak L. M., Potential uses of plant species of the coastal Mediterranean region, Egypt. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2004 7 6 1010 1023
120. Medicine in the medieval Islamic world. 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Medicine-in-the-medieval-Islamic-world
121. Saad B., Azaizeh H., Said O., Tradition and perspectives of Arab herbal medicine: a review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2005 2 4 475 479 2-s2.0-28644444018 10.1093/ecam/neh133 (Pubitemid 41752483)
122. Newman D. J., Cragg G. M., Snader K. M., The influence of natural products upon drug discovery. Natural Product Reports 2000 17 3 215 234 2-s2.0-0034082239 10.1039/a902202c (Pubitemid 30390787)
123. Medicine in Europe and the United States-The Medieval World, 2013, http://science.jrank.org/pages/10139/Medicine-in-Europe-United-States-Medieval- World.html
124. Al-Harbi M. M., Qureshi S., Ahmed M. M., Raza M., Baig M. Z. A., Shah A. H., Effect of camel urine on the cytological and biochemical changes induced by cyclophosphamide in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1996 52 3 129 137 2-s2.0-0030063964 10.1016/0378-8741(96)01399-2 (Pubitemid 26000468)
125. Lev E., Amar Z., Ethnopharmacological survey of traditional drugs sold in the Kingdom of Jordan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2002 82 2-3 131 145 2-s2.0-0036806940 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00182-4 (Pubitemid 35299410)
126. Said O., Khalil K., Fulder S., Azaizeh H., Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Israel, the Golan Heights and the West Bank region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2002 83 3 251 265 2-s2.0-0036890329 10.1016/S0378-8741(02) 00253-2 (Pubitemid 35333216)
127. Azaizeh H., Saad B., Khalil K., Said O., The state of the art of traditional Arab herbal medicine in the Eastern region of the Mediterranean: a review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2006 3 2 229 235 2-s2.0-33745712171 10.1093/ecam/nel034
128. Medical achievements of the Arab Empire. 2013 (Chinese), http://www.guxiang.com/lishi/shihua/jinghua/200306/200306060031.htm
129. Azaizeh H., Saad B., Cooper E., Said O., Traditional Arabic and Islamic medicine, a re-emerging health aid. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2010 7 4 419 424 2-s2.0-77955002878 10.1093/ecam/nen039
130. Abu-Irmaileh B. E., Afifi F. U., Herbal medicine in Jordan with special emphasis on commonly used herbs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2003 89 2-3 193 197 2-s2.0-0242721433 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00283-6 (Pubitemid 37378194)
131. Said O., Khalil K., Fulder S., Azaizeh H., Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Israel, the Golan Heights and the West Bank region. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2002 83 3 251 265 2-s2.0-0036890329 10.1016/S0378-8741(02) 00253-2 (Pubitemid 35333216)
132. Dafni A., Yaniv Z., Palevitch D., Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Northern Israel. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1984 10 3 295 310 2-s2.0-0021166045 (Pubitemid 14078427)
133. Asiri Y. A., Al-Arifi M. N., Polypharmacy and patterns in drug prescribing at a primary healthcare centre in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2011 19 2 123 128
134. Inamdar N., Edalat S., Kotwal V. B., Pawar S., Herbal drugs in milieu of modern drugs. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archive 2008 2 1 2 8
135. Chen X. W., Sneed K. B., Pan S. Y., Cao C., Kanwar J. R., Chew H., Zhou S. F., Herb-drug interactions and mechanistic and clinical considerations. Current Drug Metabolism 2012 13 5 640 651
136. Chen X. W., Serag E. S., Sneed K. B., Liang J., Chew H., Pan S. Y., Zhou S. F., Clinical herbal interactions with conventional drugs: from molecules to maladies. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2011 18 31 4836 4850 2-s2.0-80054873269 10.2174/092986711797535317
137. Steyn D., du Plessis L., Steenekamp J., Hamman J. H., Combination therapy of Western drugs and herbal medicines: recent advances in understanding interactions involving metabolism and efflux. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology 2012 8 8 973 984
138. Miranda V., Fede A., Nobuo M., Ayres V., Giglio A., Miranda M., Riechelmann R. P., Adverse drug reactions and drug interactions as causes of hospital admission in oncology. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2011 42 3 342 353 2-s2.0-80052031010 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.11.014
139. Bucşa C., Farcaş A., Cazacu I., Leucuta D., Achimas-Cadariu A., Mogosan C., Bojita M., How many potential drug-drug interactions cause adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients? European Journal of Internal Medicine 2013 24 1 27 33
140. Prueksaritanont T., Chu X., Gibson C., Cui D., Yee K. L., Ballard J., Cabalu T., Hochman J., Drug-Drug interaction studies: regulatory guidance and an industry perspective. The AAPS Journal 2013 15 3 629 645
141. Goutelle S., Bourguignon L., Bleyzac N., Berry J., Clavel-Grabit F., Tod M., Cabalu T., Hochman J., In vivo quantitative prediction of the effect of gene polymorphisms and drug interactions on drug exposure for CYP2C19 substrates. The AAPS Journal 2013 15 2 415 426
142. Asai M., Iwata N., Tomita T., Iwatsubo T., Ishiura S., Saido T. C., Maruyama K., Efficient four-drug cocktail therapy targeting amyloid- β peptide for Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2010 88 16 3588 3597 2-s2.0-78049436194 10.1002/jnr.22503
143. Diacon A. H., Dawson R., von Groote-Bidlingmaier F., Symons G., Venter A., Donald P. R., van Niekerk C., Everitt D., Winter H., Becker P., Mendel C. M., Spigelman M. K., 14-day bactericidal activity of PA-824, bedaquiline, pyrazinamide, and moxifloxacin combinations: a randomised trial. The Lancet 2012 380 9846 986 993
144. Wald D. S., Morris J. K., Wald N. J., Randomized polypill crossover trial in people aged 50 and over. PLoS ONE 2012 7 7 e41297
145. Liu Wei Di Huang Wan. 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu-Wei-Di- Huang-Wan
146. Chen Y. L., He L. G., Chen W. Y., Zhang G. G., The exploration and clinical application of Luiwei Dihuang pill (decoction). Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine 2011 2 12 41 42
147. Efficacy of Liu Wwi Di Huang Wan. 2013 (Chinese), http://www.le1234.com/ show.asp?31.html
148. Cordell G. A., Sustainable medicines and global health care. Planta Medica 2011 77 11 1129 1138 2-s2.0-79960710862 10.1055/s-0030-1270731
149. Chen X., Zhou H., Liu Y. B., Wang J. F., Li H., Ung C. Y., Han L. Y., Cao Z. W., Chen Y. Z., Database of traditional Chinese medicine and its application to studies of mechanism and to prescription validation. British Journal of Pharmacology 2006 149 8 1092 1103 2-s2.0-33845618105 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706945 (Pubitemid 44950812)
150. Mouli K. C., Vijaya T., Rao S. D., Phytoresources as potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment and prevention. Journal of Global Pharma Technology 2009 1 1 4 18
151. 4th Global Summit on Medicinal Aromatic Plants. 2013, http://sciencedev.net/Docs/4thGlobal-Summit-.pdf
152. Chaudhary A., Singh N., Contribution of world health organization in the global acceptance of ayurveda. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 2011 2 4 179 186 2-s2.0-84855249580 10.4103/0975-9476.90769
153. Fabricant D. S., Farnsworth N. R., The value of plants used in traditional medicine for drug discovery. Environmental Health Perspectives 2001 109 1 69 75 2-s2.0-0035044430 (Pubitemid 32303231)
154. Cordell G. A., Sustainable drugs and global health care. Quimica Nova 2009 32 5 1356 1364 2-s2.0-69249219214
155. Challenges and opportunities in the development of Chinese herbal medicine. 2013 (Chinese), http://www.sxnw.net/sxgy/open7.asp?id=833
156. Sandstorm. 2013 (Chinese), http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel7/498/ 20000426/49959.html
157. Tibetan medicine: cordyceps in the shadow of the original ecology. 2013 (Chinese), http://tibet.woeser.com/?p=22492
158. Guidelines for the regulation of herbal medicines in the South-East Asia Region. 2013, http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Reports-TradMed82.pdf
159. Khan M. Y., Aliabbas S., Kumar V., Rajkumar S., Recent advances in medicinal plant biotechnology. Indian Journal of Biotechnology 2009 8 1 9 22 2-s2.0-70349313491