Electrical control of nanoscale functionalization in graphene by the scanning probe technique

NPG Asia Materials

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

  Byun, Ik Su ^a   Kim, Wondong ^b   Boukhvalov, Danil W ^c   Hwang, Inrok ^a,d   Son, Jong Wan ^a   Oh, Gwangtaek ^a   Choi, Jin Sik ^a,e   Yoon, Duhee ^f,g   Cheong, Hyeonsik ^g   Baik, Jaeyoon ^h   Shin, Hyun Joon ^h   Shiu, Hung Wei ⁱ   Chen, Chia Hao ⁱ   Son, Young Woo ^c   Park, Bae Ho ^a  

^a Konkuk University   (South Korea)

^b Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science   (South Korea)

^c Korea Institute for Advanced Study   (South Korea)

^d Korea Institute of Science and Technology   (South Korea)

^e Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)   (South Korea)

^f Sogang University   (South Korea)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^h Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)   (South Korea)

ⁱ NATIONAL SYNCHROTRON RADIATION RESEARCH CENTER   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Atomic force microscopy lithography; Graphene; Graphene functionalization; Graphene hydrogenation; Graphene oxidation; Scanning photoelectron microscope; X ray photoemission spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; CALCULATIONS; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; FUNCTIONAL GROUPS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOELECTRONS; PHOTONS;

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY LITHOGRAPHY; CONVENTIONAL METHODS; FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; FUNCTIONALIZATIONS; FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SCANNING PROBE TECHNIQUES; X RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY;

GRAPHENE;

EID: 84901266659     PISSN: 18844049     EISSN: 18844057     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/am.2014.24     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Ramanathan, T., Abdala, A. A., Stankovich, S., Dikin, D. A., Herrera-Alonso, M., Piner, R. D., Adamson, D. H., Schniepp, H. C., Chen, X., Ruoff, R. S., Nguyen, S. T., Aksay, I. A., Prud'homme, R. K. & Brinson, L. C. Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 327-331 (2008).
2. Englert, J. M., Dotzer, C., Yang, G. A., Schmid, M., Papp, C., Gottfried, J. M., Steinruck, H. P., Spiecker, E., Hauke, F. & Hirsch, A. Covalent bulk functionalization of graphene. Nat. Chem. 3, 279-286 (2011).
3. Hossain, M. Z., Johns, J. E., Bevan, K. H., Karmel, H. J., Liang, Y. T., Yoshimoto, S., Mukai, K., Koitaya, T., Yoshinobu, J., Kawai, M., Lear, A. M., Kesmodel, L. L., Tait, S. L. & Hersam, M. C. Chemically homogeneous and thermally reversible oxidation of epitaxial graphene. Nat. Chem. 19, 305-309 (2012).
4. Eda, G., Fanchini, G. & Chhowalla, M. Large-area ultrathin films of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 270-274 (2008).
5. Elias, D. C., Nair, R. R., Mohiuddin, T. M. G., Morozov, S. V., Blake, P., Halsall, M. P., Ferrari, A. C., Boukhvalov, D. W., Katsnelson, M. I., Geim, A. K. & Novoselov, K. S. Control of graphene's properties by reversible hydrogenation. Science 323, 610-613 (2009).
6. Wang, Y., Li, Z. H., Wang, J., Li, J. H. & Lin, Y. H. Graphene and graphene oxide: biofunctionalization and applications in biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol. 29, 205-212 (2011).
7. Loh, K. P., Bao, Q., Eda, G. & Chhowalla, M. Graphene oxide as a chemically tunable platform for optical applications. Nat. Chem. 2, 1015-1024 (2010).
8. Stankovich, S., Piner, R. D., Chen, X. Q., Wu, N. Q., Nguyen, S. T. & Ruoff, R. S. Stable aqueous dispersions of graphitic nanoplatelets via the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). J. Mater. Chem. 16, 155-158 (2006).
9. Luo, Z., Yu, T., Kim, K.-j., Ni, Z., You, Y., Lim, S., Shen, Z., Wang, S. & Lin, J. Thickness-dependent reversible hydrogenation of graphene layers. ACS Nano 3, 1781-1788 (2009).
10. Yan, L., Zheng, Y. B., Zhao, F., Li, S., Gao, X., Xu, B., Weiss, P. S. & Zhao, Y. Chemistry and physics of a single atomic layer: strategies and challenges for functionalization of graphene and graphene-based materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41, 97-114 (2012).
11. Eigler, S., Hu, Y., Ishiibc, Y. & Hirscha, A. Controlled functionalization of graphene oxide with sodium azide. Nanoscale 5, 12136-12139 (2013).
12. Wu, C.-K., Wang, G.-J. & Dai, J.-F. Controlled functionalization of graphene oxide through surface modification with acetone. J. Mater. Sci. 48, 3436-3442 (2013).
13. Vasić, B., Kratzer, M., Matković, A., Nevosad, A., Ralević, U., Jovanović, D., Ganser, C., Teichert, C. & Gajić, R. Atomic force microscopy based manipulation of graphene using dynamic plowing lithography. Nanotechnology 24, 015303-015312 (2013).
14. Lin, Y.-C., Lu, C.-C., Yeh, C.-H., Jin, C., Suenaga, K. & Chiu, P.-W. Graphene annealing: how clean can it be? Nano Lett. 12, 414-419 (2012).
15. Byun, I. S., Yoon, D., Choi, J. S., Hwang, I., Lee, D. H., Lee, M. J., Kawai, T., Son, Y. W., Jia, Q., Cheong, H. & Park, B. H. Nanoscale lithography on monolayer graphene using hydrogenation and oxidation. ACS Nano 5, 6417-6424 (2011).
16. Li, Y. G., Zhou, W., Wang, H. L., Xie, L. M., Liang, Y. Y., Wei, F., Idrobo, J. C., Pennycook, S. J. & Dai, H. J. An oxygen reduction electrocatalyst based on carbon nanotube-graphene complexes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 394-400 (2012).
17. Kim, S., Zhou, S., Hu, Y., Acik, M., Chabal, Y. J., Berger, C., De Heer, W., Bongiorno, A. & Riedo, E. Room-temperature metastability of multilayer graphene oxide films. Nat. Mater. 11, 544-549 (2012).
18. Yoon, D., Moon, H., Cheong, H., Choi, J. S., Choi, J. A. & Park, B. H. Variations in the raman spectrum as a function of the number of graphene layers. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 55, 1299-1303 (2009).
19. Klauser, R., Hong, I.-H., Lee, T.-H., Yin, G.-C., Wei, D.-H., Tsang, K.-L., Chuang, T. J., Wang, S.-C., Gwo, S., Zharnikov, M. & Liao, J.-D. Zone-plate-based scanning photoelectron microscopy at SRRC: performance and applications. Surf. Rev. Lett. 9, 213 (2002).
20. Lee, L. & Shin, H. J. Soft x-ray spectromicroscope at the pohang light source. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 2605-2609 (2001).
21. Thomsen, C. & Reich, S. Double resonant Raman scattering in graphite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5214 (2000).
22. Saito, R., Jorio, A., Souza Filho, A. G., Dresselhaus, G., Dresselhaus, M. S. & Pimenta, M. A. Probing phonon dispersion relations of graphite by double resonance Raman scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 027401 (2002).
23. Boukhvalov, D. W., Dreyer, D. R., Bielawski, C. W. & Son, Y.-W. A computational Investigation of the catalytic properties of graphene oxide: exploring mechanisms by using DFT Methods. ChemCatChem 4, 1844-1849 (2012).
24. Boukhvalov, D. W. & Katsnelson, M. I. Modeling of graphite oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 10697-10701 (2008).
25. Marcano, D. C., Kosynkin, D. V., Berlin, J. M., Sinitskii, A., Sun, Z., Slesarev, A., Alemany, L. B., Lu, W. & Tour, J. M. Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. ACS Nano 4, 4806-4814 (2010).
26. Schniepp, H. C., Li, J.-L., McAllister, M. J., Sai, H., Herrera-Alonso, M., Adamson, D. H., Prud'homme, R. K., Car, R., Saville, D. A. & Aksay, I. A. Functionalized single graphene sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 8535-8539 (2006).
27. Zan, R., Ramasee, Q. M., Bangert, U. & Novoselov, K. S. Graphene reknits its holes. Nano Lett. 12, 3936-3940 (2012).
28. Luo, B., Liu, H., Jiang, L., Jiang, L., Geng, D., Wu, B., Hu, W., Liu, Y. & Gui, Yu, G. Synthesis and morphology transformation of single-crystal graphene domain based on activated carbon dioxide by chemical vapor deposition. J. Mater. Chem. C 1, 2990-2995 (2013).
29. Prasai, D., Tuberquia, J. C., Harl, R. R., Jennings, G. K. & Bolotin, K. I. Graphene: corrosion-inhibiting coating. ACS Nano 6, 1102-1108 (2012).
30. Bagri, A., Mattevi, C., Acik, M., Chabal, Y. J., Chhowalla, M. & Shenoy, V. B. Structural evolution during the reduction of chemically derived graphene oxide. Nat. Chem. 2, 581-587 (2010).
31. Boukhvalov, D. W., Feng, X. & Müllen, K. First-principles modeling of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reduction. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 16001-16005 (2011).
32. Gao, H., Wang, L., Zhao, J., Ding, F. & Lu, J. Band gap tuning of hydrogenated graphene: H coverage and configuration dependence. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 3236-3242 (2011).
33. Nikitin, A., Li, X., Zhang, Z., Ogasawara, H., Dai, H. & Nilsson, A. Hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes through the formation of stable C-H bonds. Nano Lett. 8, 162-167 (2008).
34. Kim, K. J., Lee, H., Choi, J. H., Youn, Y. S., Choi, J., Kang, T. H., Jung, M. C., Shin, H. J., Lee, H. J., Kim, S. & Kim, B. Scanning photoemission microscopy of graphene sheets on SiO2. Adv. Mater. 20, 3589-3591 (2008).