Chemically homogeneous and thermally reversible oxidation of epitaxial graphene

Nature Chemistry

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 305-309

  Hossain, Md Zakir ^a,g   Johns, James E ^a,b   Bevan, Kirk H ^c,h   Karmel, Hunter J ^a   Liang, Yu Teng ^a   Yoshimoto, Shinya ^d   Mukai, Kozo ^d   Koitaya, Tatanori ^d   Yoshinobu, Jun ^d   Kawai, Maki ^d,e   Lear, Amanda M ^f   Kesmodel, Larry L ^f   Tait, Steven L ^f   Hersam, Mark C ^a,b  

^a Northwestern University   (United States)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^e RIKEN   (Japan)

^f INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g GUNMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^h MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRAPHITE; OXYGEN;

ARTICLE; CATALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; VACUUM;

CATALYSIS; GRAPHITE; MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; OXYGEN; TEMPERATURE; VACUUM;

EID: 84858783185     PISSN: 17554330     EISSN: 17554349     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1269     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Morozov, S. V. et al. Giant intrinsic carrier mobilities in graphene and its bilayer. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 016602 (2008).
2. Lee, C., Wei, X., Kysar, J. W. & Hone, J. Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321, 385-388 (2008).
3. Lin, Y.-M. et al. Wafer-scale graphene integrated circuit. Science 332, 1294-1297 (2011).
4. Chiang, C. K. et al. Synthesis of highly conducting films of derivatives of polyacetylene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 1013-1015 (1978).
5. Elias, D. C. et al. Control of graphene's properties by reversible hydrogenation: evidence for graphane. Science 323, 610-613 (2009).
6. Robinson, J. T. et al. Properties of fluorinated graphene films. Nano Lett. 10, 3001-3005 (2010).
7. Nair, R. R. et al. Fluorographene: a two-dimensional counterpart of Teflon. Small 6, 2877-2884 (2010).
8. Niyogi, S. et al. Spectroscopy of covalently functionalized graphene. Nano Lett. 10, 4061-4066 (2010).
9. Hossain, M. Z., Walsh, M. A. & Hersam, M. C. Scanning tunneling microscopy, spectroscopy, and nanolithography of epitaxial graphene chemically modified with aryl moieties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 15399-15403 (2010).
10. Chen, W., Chen, S., Qi, D. C., Gao, X. Y. & Wee, A. T.S. Surface transfer p-type doping of epitaxial graphene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 10418-10422 (2007).
11. Wang, X., Tabakman, S. M. & Dai, H. Atomic layer deposition of metal oxides on pristine and functionalized graphene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 8152-8153 (2008).
12. Wang, Q. H. & Hersam, M. C. Room-temperature molecular-resolution characterization of self-assembled organic monolayers on epitaxial graphene. Nature Chem. 1, 206-211 (2009).
13. Brodie, B. C. On the atomic weight of graphite. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 149, 249-259 (1859).
14. Park, S. & Ruoff, R. S. Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. Nature Nanotech. 4, 317-224 (2009).
15. Hummers, W. S. & Offeman, R. E. Preparation of graphitic oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958).
16. Dreyer, D. R., Park, S., Bielawski, C. W. & Ruoff, R. S. The chemistry of graphene oxide. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 228-240 (2010).
17. Stankovich, S. et al. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide. Carbon 45, 1558-1565 (2007).
18. Becerril, H. A., Mao, J., Liu, Z., Stoltenberg, R. M., Bao, Z. & Chen, Y. Evaluation of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide films as transparent conductors. ACS Nano 2, 463-470 (2008).
19. Gomez-Navarro, C. et al. Atomic structure of reduced graphene oxide. Nano Lett. 10, 1144-1148 (2010).
20. Bagri, A. et al. Structural evolution during the reduction of chemically derived graphene oxide. Nature Chem. 2, 581-587 (2010).
21. Dikin, D. A. et al. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Nature 448, 457-460 (2007).
22. Park, S. et al. Biocompatible, robust free-standing paper composed of a TWEEN/graphene composite. Adv. Mater. 22, 1736-1740 (2010).
23. Ferralis, N., Maboudian, R. & Carraro, C. Evidence of structural strain in epitaxial graphene layers on 6H-SiC(0001). Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 156801 (2008).
24. Röhrl, J. et al. Raman spectra of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001). Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 201918 (2008).
25. Kumar, S., Hembram, K. P. & Waghmare, U. V. Intrinsic buckling strength of graphene: first-principles density functional theory calculations. Phys. Rev. B 82, 115411 (2010).
26. Kudin, K. N. et al. Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets. Nano Lett. 8, 36-39 (2008).
27. Wang, Q. H. & Hersam, M. C. Nanofabrication of heteromolecular organic nanostructures on epitaxial graphene via room temperature feedback-controlled lithography. Nano Lett. 11, 589-593 (2011).
28. Barinov, A. et al. Initial stages of oxidation on graphitic surfaces: photoemission study and density functional theory calculations. J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 9009-9013 (2009).
29. Vinogradov, N. A. et al. Impact of atomic oxygen on the structure of graphene formed on Ir(111) and Pt(111). J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 9568-9577 (2011).
30. Larciprete, R. et al. Dual path mechanism in the thermal reduction of graphene oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 17315-17321 (2011).
31. Coletti, C. et al. Charge neutrality and band-gap tuning of epitaxial graphene on SiC by molecular doping. Phys. Rev. B 81, 235401 (2010).
32. Foley, E. T., Yoder, N. L., Guisinger, N. P. & Hersam, M. C. Cryogenic variable temperature ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope for single molecule studies on silicon surfaces. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 5280-5287 (2004).
33. Soler, J. M. et al. The SIESTA method for ab initio order-N materials simulation. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14, 2745-2779 (2002).
34. Riedl, C., Coletti, C. & Starke, U. Structural and electronic properties of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001): a review of growth, characterization, transfer doping and hydrogen intercalation. J. Phys. D 43, 374009 (2010).