Application and evaluation of a new radiation code under McICA scheme in BCC-AGCM2.0.1

Geoscientific Model Development

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 737-754

  Zhang, H ^a,b   Jing, X ^a,b   Li, J ^c  

^a China Meteorological Administration   (China)

^b NANJING UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION; ALGORITHM; CLEAR SKY; CLIMATE MODELING; CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING; CORRELATION; HOMOGENEITY; MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS; SEASONAL VARIATION; SIMULATION;

EID: 84900008409     PISSN: 1991959X     EISSN: 19919603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/gmd-7-737-2014     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Barker, H.W.: Overlap of fractional cloud for radiation calculations in GCMs: A global analysis using CloudSat and CALIPSO data. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00A01, doi:10.1029/2007JD009677, 2008.
2. Barker, H. W. and Räisänen, P.: Radiative sensitivities for cloud structural properties that are unresolved by conventional GCMs, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 3103-3122, 2005. (Pubitemid 43186176)
3. Barker, H. W., Cole, J. N. S., Morcrette, J. J., Pincus, R., Räisänen, P., von Salzen, K., and Vaillancourt, P. A.: The Monte Carlo independent column approximation: an assessment using several global atmospheric models, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 134, 1463-1478, 2008.
4. Baum, B. A., Heymsfield, A. J., Yang, P., and Bedka, S. T.: Bulk Scattering Properties for the Remote Sensing of Ice Clouds. Part I: Microphysical Data and Models, J. Appl. Meteorol., 44, 1885- 1895, 2005. (Pubitemid 43186322)
5. Baum, B. A., Yang, P., Heymsfield, A. J., Schmitt, C., Xie, Y., Bansemer, A., Hu, Y. X., and Zhang, Z.: Improvements to shortwave bulk scattering and absorption models for the remote sensing of ice clouds, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 50, 1037-1056, 2011.
6. Briegleb, B. P.: Delta-Eddington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR Community Climate Model, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7603-7612, 1992.
7. Carlin, B., Fu, Q., Lohmann, U., Mace, G. G., Sassen, K., and Comstock, J. M.: High-Cloud Horizontal Inhomogeneity and Solar Albedo Bias, J. Climate, 15, 2321-2339, 2002. (Pubitemid 35170043)
8. Clough, S. A. and Iacono, M. J.: Line-by-line calculation of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates 2: Application to carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide and the halocarbons, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16519-16535, 1995.
9. Coakley, J. A., Cess, R. D., and Yurevich, F. B.: The Effect of Tropospheric Aerosols on the Earth'sRadiation Budget: A Parameterization for Climate Models, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 116-138, 1983.
10. Collins, W. D.: Parameterization of Generalized Cloud Overlap for Radiative Calculations in General Circulation Models, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3224-3242, 2001. (Pubitemid 34010727)
11. Collins, W. D., Hackney, J. K., and Edwards, D. P.: An updated parameterization for infrared emission and absorption by water vapor in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4664, doi:10.1029/2001JD001365, 2002. (Pubitemid 43211901)
12. Ebert, E. E. and Curry, J. A.: A Parameterization of Ice Cloud Optical Properties for Climate Models, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3831-3836, 1992.
13. Ellingson, R. G., Ellis, J., and Fels, S.: The Intercomparison of Radiation Codes Used in Climate Models: Long Wave Results, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8929-8953, 1991.
14. Emmanuel, K. A.: Atmospheric Convection, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 580 pp., 1994.
15. Fu, Q.: An Accurate Parameterization of the solar radiative properties of cirrus clouds for climate models, J. Climate, 9, 2058-2082, 1996. (Pubitemid 126539385)
16. Fu, Q. and Liou, K. N.: On the Correlated k-Distribution Method for Radiative Transfer in Nonhomogenecous Atmospheres, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2139-2156, 1992. (Pubitemid 23380705)
17. Gong, S. L., Barrie, L. A., Blanchet, J. P., von Salzen, K., Lohmann, U., Lesins, G., Spacek, L., Zhang, L. M., Girard, E., Lin, H., Leaitch, R., Leighton, H., Chylek, P., and Huang, P.: Canadian Aerosol Module: A size-segregated simulation of atmospheric aerosol processes for climate and air quality models 1. Module development, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4007, doi:10.1029/2001JD002002, 2003.
18. Hill, P. G., Manners, J., and Petch, J. C.: Reducing noise associated with the Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation for weather forecasting models, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 219- 228, 2011.
19. Hogan, R. J. and Illingworth, A. J.: Deriving cloud overlap statistics from radar, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 128, 2903-2909, 2000.
20. Hong, G., Yang, P., Baum, B. A., Heymsfield, A. J., and Xu, K. M.: Parameterization of Shortwave and Longwave Radiative Properties of Ice Clouds for Use in Climate Models, J. Climate, 22, 6287-6312, 2009.
21. Kiehl, J. T. and Briegleb, B. P.: A new parameterization of the absorptance due to the 15 μm band system of carbon dioxide, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9013-9019, 1991.
22. Kiehl, J. T. and Ramanathan, V.: Comparison of Cloud Forcing Derived From the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment with That Simulated by the NCAR Community Climate Model, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11679-11698, 1990.
23. Kiehl, J. T., Hack, J. J., and Briegleb, B. P.: The simulated Earth radiation budget of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model CCM2 and comparisons with the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20815-20827, 1994.
24. Kratz, D. P.: The correlated k-distribution technique as applied to the AVHRR channels, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 53, 501-517, 1995.
25. Kristjansson, J. E., Edwards, J. M., and MitChell, D. L.: Impact of a new scheme for optical properties of ice crystals on climates of two GCMs, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 10063-10079, 2000.
26. Li, J. and Barker, H. W.: A Radiation Algorithm with Correlated-k Distribution. Part I: Local Thermal Equilibrium, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 286-309, 2005. (Pubitemid 40335245)
27. Loeb, N. G., Wielicki, B. A., Doelling, D. R., Smith, G. L., Keyes, D. F., Kato, S., Manalo-Smith, N., and Wong, T.: Toward optimal closure of the Earth's top-of-atmosphere radiation budget, J. Climate, 22, 748-766, 2009.
28. Lu, P., Zhang, H., and Jing, X.W.: The effects of different HITRAN versions on calculated long-wave radiation and uncertainty evaluation, Acta Meteorol. Sin., 26, 389-398, 2012.
29. Mace, G. G. and Benson-Troth, S.: Cloud-Layer Overlap Characteristics Derived from Long-Term Cloud Radar Data, J. Climate, 15, 2505-2515, 2002. (Pubitemid 35170054)
30. Mishchenko, M. I., Travis, L. D., and Lacis, A. A.: Scattering, Absorption, and Emmision of Light by Small Particles, Cambridge University press, 2002.
31. Mlawer, E. J., Taubman, S. J., Brown, P. D., Iacono, M. J., and Clough, S. A.: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16663-16682, 1997.
32. Morcrette, J. J. and Jakob, C.: The Response of the ECMWF Model to Changes in the Cloud Overlap Assumption, Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 1707-1732, 2000. (Pubitemid 30464414)
33. Morcrette, J. J., Barker, H.W., Cole, J. S., Iacono, M. J., and Pincus, R.: Impact of a new radiation package, McRad, in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System, Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 4773-4798, doi:10.1175/2008MWR2363. 1, 2008.
34. Nakajima, T., Tsukamoto, M., Tsushima, Y., Numaguti, A., and Kimura, T.: Modeling of the Radiative Process in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model, Appl. Optics, 39, 4869-4878, 2000.
35. Naud, C. M., Del Genio, A., Mace, G. G., Benson, S., Clothiaux, E. E., and Kollias, P.: Impact of Dynamics and Atmospheric State on Cloud Vertical Overlap, J. Climate, 21, 1758-1770, 2008. (Pubitemid 351753180)
36. Neale, R. B., Chen, C. C., Andrew, G., Lauritzen, P. H., Park, S., Williamson, D. L., Conley, A. J., Garcia, R., Kinnison, D., Lamarque, J. F., Marsh, D., Mills, M., Smith, A. K., Tilmes, S., Vitt, F., Morrrison, H., Cameron-Smith, P., Collins, W. D., Iacono, M. J., Easter, R. C., Ghan, S. J., Liu, X., Rasch, P. J., and Taylor, M. A.: Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 5.0). NCAR Tech. Note TN-486, available at: http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/ models/cesm1.2/cam/docs/description/cam5-desc.pdf (last access: 30 April 2014), 2010.
37. Neggers, R. A. J., Heus, T., and Siebesma, A. P.: Overlap statistics of cumuliform boundary-layer cloud fields in large-eddy simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D21202, doi:10.1029/2011JD015650, 2011.
38. Oleson, K. W., Bonan, G. B., Schaaf, C., Gao, F., Jin, Y., and Strahler, A.: Assessment of global climate model land surface albedo using MODIS data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1443, doi:10.1029/2002GL016749, 2003.
39. Oreopoulos, L., Lee, D., Sud, Y. C., and Suarez, M. J.: Radiative impacts of cloud heterogeneity and overlap in an atmospheric General Circulation Model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9097-9111, doi:10.5194/acp-12-9097-2012, 2012.
40. Pincus, R., Barker, H. W., and Morcrette, J. J.: A fast, flexible, approximate technique for computing radiative transfer in inhomogeneous cloud fields, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4376, doi:10.1029/2002JD003322, 2003.
41. Pomroy, H. R. and Illingworth, A. J.: Ice cloud inhomogeneity: Quantifying bias in emissivity from radar observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2101-2104, 2000. (Pubitemid 32040394)
42. Räisänen, P. and Barker, H.W.: Evaluation and optimization of sampling errors for the Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 130, 2069-2085, 2004. (Pubitemid 39320229)
43. Räisänen, P. and Järvinen, H.: Impact of cloud and radiation scheme modifications on climate simulated by the ECHAM5 atmospheric GCM, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 136, 1733-1752, 2010.
44. Räisänen, P., Barker, H. W., Khairoutdinov, M. F., Li, J., and Randall, D. A.: Stochastic generation of subgrid-scale cloudy columns for large-scale models, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 130, 2047-2067, 2004. (Pubitemid 39320228)
45. Räisänen, P., Järvenoja, S., Järvinen, H., Giorgetta, M., Roeckner, E., Jylhä, K., and Ruosteenoja, K.: Tests of Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation in the ECHAM5 Atmospheric GCM, J. Climate, 20, 4995-5011, 2007. (Pubitemid 47617994)
46. Ramanathan, V. and Downey, P.: A nonisothermal emissivity and absorptivity formulation for water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8649-8666, 1986.
47. Randles, C. A., Kinne, S., Myhre, G., Schulz, M., Stier, P., Fischer, J., Doppler, L., Highwood, E., Ryder, C., Harris, B., Huttunen, J., Ma, Y., Pinker, R. T., Mayer, B., Neubauer, D., Hitzenberger, R., Oreopoulos, L., Lee, D., Pitari, G., Di Genova, G., Quaas, J., Rose, F. G., Kato, S., Rumbold, S. T., Vardavas, I., Hatzianastassiou, N., Matsoukas, C., Yu, H., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., and Lu, P.: Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer schemes in global aerosol modeling: results from the AeroCom Radiative Transfer Experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2347-2379, doi:10.5194/acp-13-2347-2013, 2013.
48. Rasch, P. J. and Kristjansson, J. E.: A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations, J. Climate, 11, 1587-1614, 1998. (Pubitemid 128500337)
49. Rayner, N. A., Parker, D. E., Horton, E. B., Folland, C. K., Alexander, L. V., Powell, D. P., Kent, E. C., and Kaplan, A.: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670, 2003.
50. Reynolds, R. W., Rayner, N. A., Smith, T. M., Stokes, D. C., and Wang, W.: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate, J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625, 2002.
51. Rothman, L. S., Barbe, A., Chris Benner, D., Brown, L. R., Camy-Peyret, C., Carleer, M. R., Chance, K., Clerbaux, C., Dana, V., Devi, V. M., Fayt, A., Flaud, J. M., Gamache, R. R., Goldman, A., Jacquemart, D., Jucks, K. W., Lafferty, W. J., Mandin, J. Y., Massie, S. T., Nemtchinov, V., Newnham, D. A., Perrin, A., Rinsland, C. P., Schroeder, J., Smith, K. M., Smith, M. A. H., Tang, K., Toth, R. A., Vander Auwera, J., Varanasi, P., and Yoshino, K.: The HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database: edition of 2000 including updates through 2001, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 82, 5-44, 2003. (Pubitemid 37084481)
52. Shi, G.-Y., Xu, N.,Wang, B., Dai, T., and Zhao, J.-Q.: An improved treatment of overlapping absorption bands based on the correlated k distribution model for thermal infrared radiative transfer calculations, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 110, 435-451, 2009.
53. Shonk, J. K. P. and Hogan, R. J.: Effect of improving representation of horizontal and vertical cloud structure on the Earth's global radiation budget. Part II: The global effects, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 136, 1205-1215, 2010.
54. Shonk, J. K. P., Hogan, R. J., Edwards, J. M., and Mace, G. G.: Effect of improving representation of horizontal and vertical cloud structure on the Earth's global radiation budget. Part I: Review and parametrization, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 136, 1191-1204, 2010.
55. Slingo, A.: A GCM Parameterization for the Shortwave Radiative Properties ofWater Clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1419-1427, 1989.
56. Tian, L. and Curry, J. A.: Cloud Overlap Statistics, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 9925-9935, 1989.
57. Uppala, S. M., KÅllberg, P. W., Simmons, A. J., Andrae, U., da Costa Bechtold, V., Fiorino, M., Gibson, J. K., Haseler, J., Hernandez, A., Kelly, G. A., Li, X., Onogi, K., Saarinen, S., Sokka, N., Allan, R. P., Andersson, E., Arpe, K., Balmaseda, M. A., Beljaars, A. C. M., Van De Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Caires, S., Chevallier, F., Dethof, A., Dragosavac, M., Fisher, M., Fuentes, M., Hagemann, S., Hólm, E., Hoskins, B. J., Isaksen, L., Janssen, P. A. E. M., Jenne, R., McNally, A. P., Mahfouf, J. F., Morcrette, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Saunders, R. W., Simon, P., Sterl, A., Trenberth, K. E., Untch, A., Vasiljevic, D., Viterbo, P., and Woollen, J.: The ERA-40 re-analysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 2961-3012, 2005. (Pubitemid 43186171)
58. Wei, X. D. and Zhang, H.: Analysis of optical properties of nonspherical dust aerosols, Acta Optica. Sinica, 31, 0501002, doi:10.3788/aos201131.0501002, 2011.
59. Wu, T. W. and Wu, G. X.: An empirical formula to compute snow cover fraction in GCMs, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 21, 529-535, 2004.
60. Wu, T., Yu, R., Zhang, F., Wang, Z., Dong, M., Wang, L., Jin, X., Chen, D., and Li, L.: The Beijing Climate Center atmospheric general circulation model: description and its performance for the present-day climate, Clim. Dynam., 34, 123-147, doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0487-2, 2010.
61. Wyser, K.: The Effective Radius in Ice Clouds, J. Climate, 11, 1793-1802, 1998. (Pubitemid 128500347)
62. Xie, P. and Arkin, P. A.: Global Precipitation: A 17-Year Monthly Analysis Based on Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Outputs, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2539-2558, 1997.
63. Yan, H.: The design of a nested fine-mesh model over complex topography part 2: parameterization of sub grid physical processes, Plateau Meteorol., 6, 64-139, 1987 (in Chinese).
64. Yang, P., Wei, H., Huang, H. L., Baum, B. A., Hu, Y. X., Kattawar, G. W., Mishchenko, M. I., and Fu, Q.: Scattering and absorption property database for nonspherical ice particles in the nearthrough far-infrared spectral region, Appl. Optics., 44, 5512-5523, 2005. (Pubitemid 41360421)
65. Yang, P., Bi, L., Baum, B. A., Liou, K. N., Kattawar, G. W., Mishchenko, M. I., and Cole, B.: Spectrally consistent scattering, absorption, and polarization properties of atmospheric ice crystals at wavelengths from 02 to 100 μm, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 330-347, 2013.
66. Zhang, F., Liang, X. Z., Li, J., and Zeng, Q.: Dominant roles of subgrid-scale cloud structures in model diversity of cloud radiative effect, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 7733-7749, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50604, 2013.
67. Zhang, G. and Mu, M.: Effects of modification to the Zhang- Mcfarlane convection parameterization on the simulation of the tropical precipitation in the National Center for Atmosphere Research Community Climate Model, Version 3, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D09109, doi:10.1029/2004JD005617, 2005. (Pubitemid 40923938)
68. Zhang, H., Nakajima, T., Shi, G., Suzuki, T., and Imasu, R.: An optimal approach to overlapping bands with correlated k-distribution method and its application to radiative calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4641, doi:10.1029/2002JD003358, 2003.
69. Zhang, H., Shi, G., Nakajima, T., and Suzuki, T.: The effect of the choice of the k-interval number on radiative calculation, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 98, 31-43, 2006a. (Pubitemid 41824162)
70. Zhang, H., Suzuki, T., Nakajima, T., Shi, G., Zhang, X., and Liu, Y.: Effects of band division on radiative calculations, Opt. Eng., 45, 016002, doi:10.1117/1.2160521, 2006b. (Pubitemid 44377218)
71. Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Wang, Z., Liu, Q., Gong, S., Zhang, X., Shen, Z., Lu, P., Wei, X., Che, H., and Li, L.: Simulation of direct radiative forcing of aerosols and their effects on East Asian climate using an interactive AGCM-aerosol coupled system, Clim. Dynam., 38, 1675-1693, 2012.
72. Zhou, C. H., Gong, S. L., Zhang, X. Y., Liu, H. L., Xue, M., Cao, G. L., An, X. Q., Che, H. Z., Zhang, Y. M., and Niu, T.: Towards the improvements of simulating the chemical and optical properties of Chinese aerosols using an online coupled model CUACE/Aero, Tellus B, 64, 18965, doi:10.3402/tellusb.v64i0. 18965, 2012.