The response of the ECMWF model to changes in the cloud overlap assumption

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 128, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 1707-1732

  Morcrette, Jean Jacques ^a   Jakob, Christian ^a  

^a EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELING; CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING; NUMERICAL METHOD;

EID: 0033912547     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<1707:TROTEM>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Barker, H. W., G. L. Stephens, and Q. Fu, 1999: The sensitivity of domain-averaged solar fluxes to assumptions about cloud geometry. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 2127-2152.
2. Boyle, J. S., 1993: Sensitivity of dynamical quantities to horizontal resolution for a climate simulation using the ECMWF (cycle 33) model. J. Climate, 6, 816-838.
3. Brankovic, C., T. N. Palmer, and L. Ferranti, 1994: Predictability of seasonal atmospheric variations. J. Climate, 7, 217-237.
4. Charlock, T., F. Rose, T. Alberta, G. L. Smith, D. Rutan, N. Manalo-Smith, P. Minnis, and B. Wielicki, 1994: Cloud profiling radar requirements: Perspectives from retrievals of the surface and atmospheric radiation budget and studies of atmospheric energetics. Rep. of GEWEX Topical Workshop on Utility and Feasibility of a Cloud Profiling Radar, WCRP-84, IGPO Publication Ser. No. 10, B10-21.
5. Cubasch, U., 1981: Comparison of the influence of different radiation parameterizations on 10-day forecasts. Proc. ECMWF Workshop on Radiation and Cloud-Radiation Interaction in Numerical Modelling, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 55-73.
6. Ebert, E. E., and J. A. Curry, 1992: A parameterization for ice optical properties for climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 97 (D). 3831-3836.
7. Fouquart, Y., 1987: Radiative transfer in climate models. Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Changes, M. E. Schlesinger, Ed., NATO ASI Series, Kluwer Academic, 223-284.
8. _, and B. Bonnel, 1980: Computations of solar heating of the earth's atmosphere: A new parameterization. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 53, 35-62.
9. Geleyn, J.-E, and A. Hollingsworth, 1979: An economical analytical method for the computation of the interaction between scattering and line absorption of radiation. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 52, 1-16.
10. _, A. Hense, and H.-J. Preuss, 1982: A comparison of model generated radiation fields with satellite measurements. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 55, 253-286.
11. Glecker, P. J., and K. E. Taylor, 1993: The effect of horizontal resolution on ocean surface heat fluxes in the ECMWF model. Climate Dyn., 9, 17-32.
12. Gregory, D., J.-J. Morcrette, Ch. Jakob, and A. Beljaars, 1998: Introduction of revised radiation, convection, cloud and vertical diffusion schemes into Cy18r3 of the ECMWF integrated forecasting system. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 254, 39 pp.
13. Heymsfield, A. J., and L. J. Donner, 1990: A scheme for parameterizing ice-cloud water content in general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1865-1877.
14. L319 resolution and revised orographies. ECMWF Research Department Mem. R60.5/MH/23, 18 pp.
15. _, and A. J. Simmons, 1991: Use of reduced Gaussian grids in spectral models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1057-1074.
16. Jakob, Ch., 1994: The impact of the new cloud scheme on ECMWF's Integrated Forecasting System. Proc. Workshop on Modelling, Validation and Assimilation of Clouds, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 277-294.
17. _, and S. A. Klein, 1999a: The role of vertically varying cloud fraction in the parametrization of microphysical processes in the ECMWF model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 941-965.
18. _, and _, 1999b: A parametrization of the effects of cloud and precipitation overlap for use in general circulation models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., in press.
19. Liang, X.-Z., and W.-C. Wang, 1997: Cloud overlap effects on GCM climate simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D), 11 039-11 047.
20. Matveev, L. T., 1984: Cloud Dynamics. D. Reidel, 340 pp.
21. McClatchey, R. A., R. W. Fenn, J. E. A. Selby, F. E. Volz, and J. S. Garing, 1972: Optical properties of the atmosphere. AFCRL 72-0479, Environ. Res. Paper 411, Bedford, MA. 108 pp.
22. Morcrette, J.-J., 1990: Impact of changes to the radiation transfer parameterizations plus cloud optical properties in the ECMWF model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 847-873.
23. _, 1991: Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the ECMWF forecasting system. J. Geophys. Res., 96 (D), 9121-9132.
24. _, and J.-F. Geleyn, 1985: On the influence of different radiation parameterizations on model-generated radiation fields. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 565-585.
25. _, and Y. Fouquart, 1986: The overlapping of cloud layers in shortwave radiation parameterizations. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 321-328.
26. Nordeng, T. E., 1994: Extended versions of the convection parametrization scheme at ECMWF and their impacts upon the mean climate and transient activity of the model in the tropics. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 206, 25 pp.
27. Phillips. T. J., L. C. Corsetti, and S. L. Grotch, 1995: The impact of horizontal resolution on moist processes in the ECMWF model. Climate Dyn., 11, 85-102.
28. Potter, G. L., 1995: The effect of horizontal resolution on cloud radiative forcing in the ECMWF model. PCMDI Rep. 22, University of California, Livermore, CA, 28 pp.
29. Smith, E. A., and L. Shi, 1992: Surface forcing of the infrared cooling profile over the Tibetan Plateau. Part I: Influence of the relative longwave radiative heating at high altitude. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 805-822.
30. Stubenrauch, C. J., A. D. Del Genio, and W. B. Rossow, 1997: Implementation of subgrid cloud vertical structure inside a GCM and its effect on the radiation budget. J. Climate, 10, 273-287.
31. Tian, L., and J. Curry, 1989: Cloud overlap statistics. J. Geophys. Res., 94 (D), 9925-9936.
32. Tiedtke, M., 1989: A comprehensive massflux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779-1800.
33. _, 1993: Representation of clouds in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3040-3061.
34. Wang, J., and W. B. Rossow, 1995: Determination of cloud vertical structure from upper-air observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 2243-2258.
35. _, and _, 1998: Effects of vertical structure on atmospheric circulation in the GISS GCM. J. Climate, 11, 3010-3029.