High Conservation Value of Forest Fragments for Plant and Frugivore Communities in a Fragmented Forest Landscape in South Africa

Biotropica

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 350-356

  Berens, Dana G ^a   Chama, Lackson ^a   Albrecht, Jörg ^a   Farwig, Nina ^a  

^a PHILIPPS UNIVERSITY MARBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Body mass; Fruit size; KwaZulu Natal; Plant frugivore networks; Trait matching

Indexed keywords

EID: 84899936505     PISSN: 00063606     EISSN: 17447429     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/btp.12104     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Albrecht, J., D. G. Berens, N. Blüthgen, B. Jaroszewicz, N. Selva, and N. Farwig 2013. Logging and forest edges reduce redundancy in plant-frugivore networks in an old-growth European forest. J. Ecol. 101: 990-999.
2. Blüthgen, N., F. Menzel, T. Hovestadt, B. Fiala, and N. Blüthgen 2007. Specialization, constraints, and conflicting interests in mutualistic networks. Curr. Biol. 17: 341-346.
3. Boon, R. 2010. Pooley's trees of Eastern South Africa: a complete guide. Flora and Fauna Publications Trust, Durban.
4. Brotons, L., M. Mönkkönen, and J. L. Martin 2003. Are fragments islands? Landscape context and density-area relationship in boreal forest birds. Am. Nat. 162: 343-357.
5. Burns, K. C. 2013. What causes size coupling in fruit-frugivore interaction webs? Ecology 94: 295-300.
6. Coates Palgrave, M. 2005. Keith Coates Palgrave trees of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
7. Cordeiro, N. J., and H. F. Howe 2003. Forest fragmentation severs mutualism between seed dispersers and an endemic African tree. PNAS 100: 14052-14056.
8. Dray, S., and P. Legendre 2008. Testing the species traits-environment relationships: the fourth-corner problem revisited. Ecology 89: 3400-3412.
9. Eeley, H. A. C., M. J. Lawes, and S. E. Piper 1999. The influence of climate change on the distribution of indigenous forest in South Africa. J. Biogeogr. 26: 595-617.
10. Farwig, N., and D. G. Berens 2012. Imagine a world without seed dispersers: a review of threats, consequences and future directions. BAAE 13: 109-115.
11. Galetti, M., C. I. Donatti, A. S. Pires, P. R. Guimarães Jr, and P. Jordano 2006. Seed survival and dispersal of an endemic Atlantic forest palm: the combined effects of defaunation and forest fragmentation. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 151: 141-149.
12. Harrison, S., and E. Bruna 1999. Habitat fragmentation and large-scale conservation: what do we know for sure? Ecography 22: 225-232.
13. Herrera, C. M. 1984. A study of avian frugivores, bird-dispersed plants, and their interaction in mediterranean scrublands. Ecol. Monogr. 54: 1-23.
14. Herrera, C. M. 1998. Long-term dynamics of mediterranean frugivorous birds and fleshy fruits: a 12-year study. Ecol. Monogr. 68: 511-538.
15. Herrera, J. M., D. García, and J. M. Morales 2010. Matrix effects on plant-frugivore and plant-predator interactions in forest fragments. Landscape Ecol. 26: 125-135.
16. Hockey, P., W. Dean, and P. Ryan (Eds.). 2005. Roberts - birds of Southern Africa VIIth. The Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town.
17. Holbrook, K. M. 2010. Home range and movement patterns of toucans: Implications for seed dispersal. Biotropica 43: 1-8.
18. Holbrook, A. K. M., and B. A. Loiselle 2009. Dispersal in a neotropical tree, Virola flexuosa (Myristicaceae): Does Hunting of large vertebrates limit seed removal? Ecology 90: 1449-1455.
19. Hothorn, T., F. Bretz, and P. Westfall 2008. Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biomet. J. 50: 346-363.
20. Howe, H. F., and J. Smallwood 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13: 201-228.
21. Kennedy, C., P. Marra, W. Fagan, and M. Neel 2010. Landscape matrix and species traits mediate responses of neotropical resident birds to forest fragmentation in Jamaica. Ecol. Mongr. 80: 651-669.
22. Kirika, J. M., N. Farwig, and K. Böhning-Gaese 2008. Effects of local disturbance of tropical forests on frugivores and seed removal of a small-seeded afrotropical tree. Conserv. Biol. 22: 318-328.
23. Kitamura, S., T. Yumoto, P. Poonswad, P. Chuailua, K. Plongmai, T. Maruhashi, and N. Noma 2002. Interactions between fleshy fruits and frugivores in a tropical seasonal forest in Thailand. Oecologia 133: 559-572.
24. Laliberté, E., and B. Shipley 2011. Measuring functional diversity (FD) from multiple traits, and other tools for functional ecology. R package version 1.0-11.
25. Lavorel, S., K. Grigulis, S. McIntyre, N. S. G. Williams, D. Garden, J. Dorrough, S. Berman, F. Quétier, A. Thébault, and A. Bonis 2008. Assessing functional diversity in the field - methodology matters!. Funct. Ecol. 22: 134-147.
26. Lefevre, K. L., S. Sharma, and F. H. Rodd 2012. Moderate human disturbance of rain forest alters composition of fruiting plant and bird communities. Biotropica 44: 427-436.
27. Legendre, P., and E. Gallagher 2001. Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data. Oecologia 129: 271-280.
28. Legendre, P., R. Galzin, and M. Harmelin-Vivien 1997. Relating behavior to habitat: solutions to the fourth-corner problem. Ecology 78: 547-562.
29. Lehouck, V., T. Spanhove, S. Demeter, N. E. Groot, and L. Lens 2009. Complementary seed dispersal by three avian frugivores in a fragmented Afromontane forest. J. Veg. Sci. 20: 1110-1120.
30. Lenz, J., W. Fiedler, T. Caprano, W. Friedrichs, B. H. Gaese, M. Wikelski, and K. Böhning-Gaese 2011. Seed-dispersal distributions by trumpeter hornbills in fragmented landscapes. Proc. Soc. Biol. B 278: 2257-2264.
31. Luck, G., and G. C. Daily 2003. Tropical countryside bird assemblages: richness, composition, and foraging differ by landscape context. Ecol. Appl. 13: 235-247.
32. von Maltitz, G. 2003. Classification system for South African indigenous forests: an objective classification for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Environmentek Report ENV-P-C 2003-017, CSIR, Pretoria.
33. Markl, J. S., M. Schleuning, P. M. Forget, P. Jordano, J. E. Lambert, A. Traveset, S. J. Wright, and K. Böhning-Gaese 2012. Meta-analysis of the effects of human disturbance on seed dispersal by animals. Conserv. Biol. 26: 1072-1081.
34. Martínez-Morales, M. A. 2005. Nested species assemblages as a tool to detect sensitivity to forest fragmentation: the case of cloud forest birds. Oikos 108: 634-642.
35. Menke, S., K. Böhning-Gaese, and M. Schleuning 2012. Plant-frugivore networks are less specialized and more robust at forest-farmland edges than in the interior of a tropical forest. Oikos 121: 1553-1566.
36. Moran, C., C. Catterall, and J. Kanowski 2009. Reduced dispersal of native plant species as a consequence of the reduced abundance of frugivore species in fragmented rainforest. Biol. Conserv. 142: 541-552.
37. Mucina, L., and M. C. Rutherford 2006. The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
38. Neuschulz, E. L., A. Botzat, and N. Farwig 2011. Effects of forest modification on bird community composition and seed removal in a heterogeneous landscape in South Africa. Oikos 120: 1371-1379.
39. Neuschulz, E. L., M. Brown, and N. Farwig 2012. Frequent bird movements across a highly fragmented landscape: the role of species traits and forest. Anim. Conserv. 16: 170-179.
40. Ortiz-Pulido, R., and V. Rico-Gray 2000. The effect of spatio-temporal variation in understanding the fruit crop size hypothesis. Oikos 91: 523-527.
41. Peres, C. A. 2001. Synergistic effects of subsistence hunting and habitat fragmentation on Amazonian forest vertebrates. Conserv. Biol. 15: 1490-1505.
42. Pizo, M. A., and B. T. P. Santos 2011. Frugivory, post-feeding flights of frugivorous birds and the movement of seeds in a Brazilian fragmented landscape. Oikos 43: 335-342.
43. R Development Core Team. 2013. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org/.
44. Renjifo, L. M. 1999. Composition changes in a subandean avifauna after long-term forest fragmentation. Conserv. Biol. 13: 1124-1139.
45. Saracco, J. F., J. A. Collazo, M. J. Groom, T. A. Carlo, T. A. Carlo, and N. Carolina 2005. Crop size and fruit neighborhood effects on bird visitation to fruiting Schefflera morototoni trees in Puerto Rico. Biotropica 37: 81-87.
46. Sekercioglu, C. H., S. R. Loarie, F. Oviedo Brenes, P. R. Ehrlich, and G. C. Daily 2007. Persistence of forest birds in the Costa Rican agricultural countryside. Conserv. Biol. 21: 482-494.
47. Snow, D. 1971. Evolutionary aspects of fruit-eating by birds. IBIS 113: 194-202.
48. Urquiza-Haas, T., C. A. Peres, and P. M. Dolman 2009. Regional scale effects of human density and forest disturbance on large-bodied vertebrates throughout the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Biol. Conserv. 142: 134-148.
49. Velho, N., J. Ratnam, U. Srinivasan, and M. Sankaran 2012. Shifts in community structure of tropical trees and avian frugivores in forests recovering from past logging. Biol. Conserv. 153: 32-40.
50. Wheelwright, N. T. 1985. Fruit-size, gape width, and the diets of fruit-eating birds. Ecology 66: 808-818.
51. Wheelwright, N. T. 1988. Fruit-eating birds and bird-dispersed plants in the tropics and temperate zone. TREE 3: 270-274.
52. Wheelwright, N. T., and C. H. Janson 1985. Colors of fruit displays of bird-dispersed plants in two tropical forests. Am. Nat. 126: 777-799.
53. Willson, M. F., A. K. Irvine, and N. G. Walsh 1989. Vertebrate dispersal syndromes in some Australian and New Zealand plant communities, with geographic comparisons. Biotropica 21: 133-147.
54. Wotton, D. M., and D. Kelly 2011. Frugivore loss limits recruitment of large-seeded trees. Proc. Soc. Biol. B 278: 3345-3354.