Complementary seed dispersal by three avian frugivores in a fragmented Afromontane forest

Journal of Vegetation Science

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1110-1120

  Lehouck, V ^a,b   Spanhove, T ^a,b   Demeter, S ^c   Groot, N E ^d   Lens, L ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^b INSTITUTE OF PRIMATE RESEARCH   (Kenya)

^c EARTH AND LIFE INSTITUTE   (Belgium)

^d WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Africa; Birds; Cupressus; Eucalyptus; Exotic plantation; Fragmentation; Frugivores; Pinus; Taita hills

Indexed keywords

ANDROPADUS MILANJENSIS; AVES; CUPRESSUS; EUCALYPTUS; TAURACO HARTLAUBI; TURDUS HELLERI; XYMALOS MONOSPORA;

EID: 79954572363     PISSN: 11009233     EISSN: 16541103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01109.x     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Aldrich, P.R. & Hamrick, J.L. 1998. Reproductive dominance of pasture trees in a fragmented tropical forest mosaic. Science 281: 103-105.
2. Augspurger, C.K. 1983. Seed dispersal of the tropical tree, Platypodium elegans, and the escape of its seedlings from fungal pathogens. Journal of Ecology 71: 759-771.
3. Augspurger, C.K. & Kelly, C.K. 1984. Pathogen mortality of tropical tree seedlings: experimental studies of the effects of dispersal distance, seedling density and light conditions. Oecologia 61: 211-217.
4. Beentje, H. (ed.)., 1988. An ecological and floristic study of the forests of the Taita Hills, Kenya. Utafiti 1: 23-66.
5. Bélisle, M., Desrochers, A. & Fortin, M.J. 2001. Influence of forest cover on the movements of forest birds: a homing experiment. Ecology 82: 1893-1904.
6. Bennun, L., Dranzoa, C. & Pomeroy, D. 1996. The forest birds of Kenya and Uganda. Journal of East African Natural History 85: 23-48.
7. Bohrer, G., Nathan, R. & Volis, S. 2005. Effects of longdistance dispersal for metapopulation survival and genetic structure at ecological time and spatial scales. Journal of Ecology 93: 1029-1040.
8. Bowen, L.T., Moorman, C.E. & Kilgo, J.C. 2007. Seasonal bird use of canopy gaps in a bottomland forest. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119: 77-88.
9. Burgess, N.D., Butynski, T.M., Cordeiro, N.J., Doggart, N.H., Fjeldsa, J., Howell, K.M., Kilahama, F.B., Loader, S.P., Lovett, J.C., Mbilinyi, B., Menegon, M., Moyer, D.C., Nashanda, E., Perkin, A., Rovero, F., Stanley, W.T. & Stuart, S.N. 2007. The biological importance of the Eastern Arc mountains of Tanzania and Kenya. Biological Conservation 134: 209-231.
10. Carlo, T.A. & Morales, J.M. 2008. Inequalities in fruitremoval and seed dispersal: consequences of bird behaviour, neighbourhood density and landscape aggregation. Journal of Ecology 96: 609-618.
11. Castellon, T.D. & Sieving, K.E. 2006. An experimental test of matrix permeability and corridor use by an endemic understory bird. Conservation Biology 20: 135-145.
12. Charalambidou, I., Santamaria, L. & Langevoord, O. 2003. Effect of ingestion by five avian dispersers on the retention time, retrieval and germination of Ruppia maritima seeds. Functional Ecology 17: 747-753.
13. Clark, C.J., Poulsen, J.R., Bolker, B.M., Connor, E.F. & Parker, V.T. 2005. Comparative seed shadows of bird-, monkey-, and wind-dispersed trees. Ecology 86: 2684-2694.
14. Clark, J.S., Silman, M., Kern, R., Macklin, E. & Hillerislambers, J. 1999. Seed dispersal near and far: patterns across temperate and tropical forests. Ecology 80: 1475-1494.
15. Condit, R., Pitman, N., Leigh, E.G., Chave, J., Terborgh, J., Foster, R.B., Nunez, P., Aguilar, S., Valencia, R., Villa, G., Muller-Landau, H.C., Losos, E. & Hubbell, S.P. 2002. Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees. Science 295: 666-669.
16. Connell, J.H. 1971. On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees. In: den Boer, P.J. & Gradwell, G.R. (eds.) Dynamics of populations. pp. 298-312. Center for Agricultural Publication and Documentation, Wageningen, NL.
17. Cordeiro, N.J. & Howe, H.F. 2003. Forest fragmentation severs mutualism between seed dispersers and an endemic African tree. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100: 14052-14056.
18. Cordeiro, N.J., Patrick, D.A.G., Munisi, B. & Gupta, V. 2004. Role of dispersal in the invasion of an exotic tree in an East African submontane forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 20: 449-457.
19. Denslow, J.S., Levey, D.J., Moermond, T.C. & Wentworth, B.C. 1987. A synthetic diet for fruiteating birds. Wilson Bulletin 99: 131-135.
20. Estrada, A., Coatesestrada, R., Meritt, D., Montiel, S. & Curiel, D. 1993. Patterns of frugivore species richness and abundance in forest islands and in agricultural habitats at Los-Tuxtlas, Mexico. Vegetatio 108: 245-257.
21. Fleming, T.H., Breitwisch, R. & Whitesides, G.H. 1987. Patterns of tropical vertebrate frugivore diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18: 91-109.
22. Fry, C.H., Keith, S. & Urban, E.K. (eds)., 1988. The birds of Africa. Vol. 3: parrots to woodpeckers. Academic Press, London, UK.
23. Galindo-Gonzalez, J., Guevara, S. & Sosa, V.J. 2000. Batand bird-generated seed rains at isolated trees in pastures in a tropical rainforest. Conservation Biology 14: 1693-1703.
24. Gehring, T.M. & Swihart, R.K. 2004. Home range and movements of long-tailed weasels in a landscape fragmented by agriculture. Journal of Mammalogy 85: 79-86.
25. Gill, F., Wright, M. & Donsker, D. 2009. IOC World Bird Names (Version 2.2). Available at http://www. worldbirdnames.org
26. Guevara, S. & Laborde, J. 1993. Monitoring seed dispersal at isolated standing trees in tropical pastures - consequences for local species availability. Vegetatio 108: 319-338.
27. Harper, J.L. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, London, UK.
28. Herrera, C.M., Jordano, P., Lopezsoria, L. & Amat, J.A. 1994. Recruitment of a mast-fruiting, bird-dispersed tree-bridging frugivore activity and seedling establishment. Ecological Monographs 64: 315-344.
29. Higgins, S.I., Lavorel, S. & Revilla, E. 2003. Estimating plant migration rates under habitat loss and fragmentation. Oikos 101: 354-366.
30. Howe, H.F., Schupp, E.W. & Westley, L.C. 1985. Early consequences of seed dispersal for a Neotropical tree (Virola surinamensis). Ecology 66: 781-791.
31. Hubbell, S.P., Foster, R.B., O'brien, S.T., Harms, K.E., Condit, R., Wechsler, B., Wright, S.J. & De Lao, S.L. 1999. Light-gap disturbances, recruitment limitation, and tree diversity in a Neotropical forest. Science 283: 554-557.
32. Hurtt, G.C. & Pacala, S.W. 1995. The consequences of recruitment limitation - reconciling chance, history and competitive differences between plants. Journal of Theoretical Biology 176: 1-12.
33. International Plant Names Index 2008. Available at http://www.ipni.org
34. Izhaki, I. & Safriel, U.N. 1990. The effect of some Mediterranean scrubland frugivores upon germination patterns. Journal of Ecology 78: 56-65.
35. Janzen, D.H. 1970. Herbivores and number of tree species in tropical forests. American Naturalist 104: 501-527.
36. Jetz, W., Carbone, C., Fulford, J. & Brown, J.H. 2004. The scaling of animal space use. Science 306: 266-268.
37. Johst, K., Brandl, R. & Eber, S. 2002. Metapopulation persistence in dynamic landscapes: the role of dispersal distance. Oikos 98: 263-270.
38. Jordano, P. & Schupp, E.W. 2000. Seed disperser effectiveness: the quantity component and patterns of seed rain for Prunus mahaleb. Ecological Monographs 70: 591-615.
39. Jordano, P., Garcia, C., Godoy, J.A. & Garcia-Castano, J.L. 2007. Differential contribution of frugivores to complex seed dispersal patterns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104: 3278-3282.
40. Kattan, G.H., Alvarezlopez, H. & Giraldo, M. 1994. Forest fragmentation and bird extinctions - San-Antonio 80 years later. Conservation Biology 8: 138-146.
41. Kenward, R.E. 2001. A manual for wildlife radio tagging. Academic Press, London, UK.
42. Kremen, C., Williams, N.M., Aizen, M.A., Gemmill-Herren, B., Lebuhn, G., Minckley, R., Packer, L., Potts, S.G., Roulston, T., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Vazquez, D.P., Winfree, R., Adams, L., Crone, E.E., Greenleaf, S.S., Keitt, T.H., Klein, A.M., Regetz, J. & Ricketts, T.H. 2007. Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile organisms: a conceptual framework for the effects of land-use change. Ecology Letters 10: 299-314.
43. Lehouck, V., Spanhove, T., Gonsamu, A., Cordeiro, N.J. & Lens, L. 2009a. Spatial and temporal effects on recruitment of an Afromontane forest tree in a threatened fragmented ecosystem. Biological Conservation 142: 518-528.
44. Lehouck, V., Spanhove, T., Colson, L., Adringa-Davis, A., Cordeiro, N.J. & Lens, L. 2009b. Habitat disturbance reduces seed dispersal of a forest interior tree in a fragmented African cloud forest. Oikos 118: 1023-1034.
45. Lehouck, V., Spanhove, T., Vangestel, C., Cordeiro, N.J. & Lens, L. 2009c. Does landscape structure affect resource tracking by avian frugivores in a fragmented Afrotropical forest? Ecography 32: 789-799.
46. Lens, L., Van Dongen, S., Norris, K., Githiru, M. & Matthysen, E. 2002. Avian persistence in fragmented rainforest. Science 298: 1236-1238.
47. Levey, D.J., Bolker, B.M., Tewksbury, J.J., Sargent, S. & Haddad, N.M. 2005. Effects of landscape corridors on seed dispersal by birds. Science 309: 146-148.
48. Levey, D.J., Tewksbury, J.J. & Bolker, B.M. 2008. Modelling long-distance seed dispersal in heterogeneous landscapes. Journal of Ecology 96: 599-608.
49. Levin, D.A. 1995. Plant outliers - an ecogenetic perspective. American Naturalist 145: 109-118.
50. Levin, S.A., Muller-Landau, H.C., Nathan, R. & Chavé, J. 2003. The ecology and evolution of seed dispersal: a theoretical perspective. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 34: 575-604.
51. Martínez, I., Garcia, D. & Obeso, J.R. 2008. Differential seed dispersal patterns generated by a common assemblage of vertebrate frugivores in three fleshyfruited trees. Ecoscience 15: 189-199.
52. Mbuthia, K.W. 2003. Ecological and ethnobotanical analyses for forest restoration in the Taita Hills, Kenya. PhD Dissertation. Miami University Oxford, Oh, US.
53. Millspaugh, J. & Marzluff, J. 2000. Radio tracking and animal populations. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, US.
54. Morales, J.M. & Carlo, T. 2006. The effects of plant distribution and frugivore density on the scale and shape of dispersal kernels. Ecology 87: 1489-1496.
55. Murray, K.G. 1988. Avian seed dispersal of 3 Neotropical gap-dependent plants. Ecological Monographs 58: 271-298.
56. Murray, K.G., Russell, S., Picone, C.M., Winnettmurray, K., Sherwood, W. & Kuhlmann, M.L. 1994. Fruit laxatives and seed passage rates in frugivores - consequences for plant reproductive success. Ecology 75: 989-994.
57. Nathan, R. 2006. Long-distance dispersal of plants. Science 313: 786-788.
58. Nathan, R. & Muller-Landau, H.C. 2000. Spatial patterns of seed dispersal, their determinants and consequences for recruitment. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15: 278-285.
59. Parrotta, J.A. 1995. Influence of overstory composition on understory colonization by native species in plantations on a degraded tropical site. Journal of Vegetation Science 6: 627-636.
60. Pearson, R.G. & Dawson, T.P. 2005. Long-distance plant dispersal and habitat fragmentation: identifying conservation targets for spatial landscape planning under climate change. Biological Conservation 123: 389-401.
61. Revilla, E., Wiegand, T., Palomares, F., Ferreras, P. & Delibes, M. 2004. Effects of matrix heterogeneity on animal dispersal: from individual behavior to metapopulation-level parameters. American Naturalist 164: 130-153.
62. Schupp, E.W. 1993. Quantity, quality and the effectiveness of seed dispersal by animals. Vegetatio 108: 15-29.
63. Serio-Silva, J.C. & Rico-Gray, V. 2002. Interacting effects of forest fragmentation and Howler monkey foraging on germination and dispersal of fig seeds. Oryx 36: 266-271.
64. Spanhove, T. & Lehouck, V. 2008. Don't miss the invasives!. Journal of East African Natural History 97: 255-256.
65. Spiegel, O. & Nathan, R. 2007. Incorporating dispersal distance into the disperser effectiveness framework: frugivorous birds provide complementary dispersal to plants in a patchy environment. Ecology Letters 10: 718-728.
66. Sykes, P.W., Carpenter, J.W., Holzman, S. & Geissler, P.H. 1990. Evaluation of 3 miniature radio transmitter attachment methods for small passerines. Wildlife Society Bulletin 18: 41-48.
67. Thies, W., Kalko, E.K.V. & Schnitzler, H.U. 2006. Influence of environment and resource availability on activity patterns of Carollia castanea (Phyllostomidae) in Panama. Journal of Mammalogy 87: 331-338.
68. Trakhtenbrot, A., Nathan, R., Perry, G. & Richardson, D.M. 2005. The importance of long-distance dispersal in biodiversity conservation. Diversity and Distributions 11: 173-181.
69. Traveset, A. 1998. Effect of seed passage through vertebrate frugivores' guts on germination: a review. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 1: 151-190.
70. Traveset, A. & Verdú, M. 2002. A meta-analysis of the effect of gut treatment on seed germination. In: Levey, D.J., Silva, W.R. & Galetti, M. (eds.) Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation. pp. 339-351.
71. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. Verdcourt, B. 1968. Monimiaceae. In: Milne-Redhead, E. & Polhill, R.M. (eds.) Flora of tropical East Africa. Crown agents for oversea governments and administrations, pp. 1-3. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London, UK
72. Wang, B.C. & Smith, T.B. 2002. Closing the seed dispersal loop. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17: 379-385.
73. Webb, C.O. & Peart, D.R. 2001. High seed dispersal rates in faunally intact tropical rain forest: theoretical and conservation implications. Ecology Letters 4: 491-499.
74. Weir, J.E.S. & Corlett, R.T. 2007. How far do birds disperse seeds in the degraded tropical landscape of Hong Kong, China? Landscape Ecology 22: 131-140.
75. Westcott, D.A. & Graham, D.L. 2000. Patterns of movement and seed dispersal of a tropical frugivore. Oecologia 122: 249-257.
76. Westcott, D.A., Bentrupperbaumer, J., Bradford, M.G. & Mckeown, A. 2005. Incorporating patterns of disperser behaviour into models of seed dispersal and its effects on estimated dispersal curves. Oecologia 146: 57-67.
77. Zahwai, R.A. & Augspurger, C.K. 2006. Tropical forest restoration: tree islands as recruitment foci in degraded lands of Honduras. Ecological Applications 16: 464-478.