International Myeloma Working Group recommendations for global myeloma care

Leukemia

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 981-992

  Ludwig, H ^a   Miguel, J S ^b   Dimopoulos, M A ^c   Palumbo, A ^d   Garcia Sanz, R ^e   Powles, R ^f   Lentzsch, S ^g   Ming Chen, W ^h   Hou, J ⁱ   Jurczyszyn, A ^j   Romeril, K ^k   Hajek, R ^l   Terpos, E ^c   Shimizu, K ^m   Joshua, D ⁿ   Hungria, V ^o   Rodriguez Morales, A ^p   Ben Yehuda, D ^q   Sondergeld, P ^r   Zamagni, E ^s   Durie, B ^t   more..

^a WILHELMINEN HOSPITAL   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY CLINIC OF NAVARRA   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^e HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE SALAMANCA   (Spain)

^f Parkside Cancer Centre   (United Kingdom)

^g NewYork Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

^h CAPITAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

ⁱ SECOND MILITARY MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^j UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN KRAKOW   (Poland)

^k WELLINGTON HOSPITAL   (New Zealand)

^l UNIVERSITY OF OSTRAVA   (Czech Republic)

^m Nagoya City Midori General Hospital   (Japan)

ⁿ ROYAL PRINCE ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^o FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS MÉDICAS DA SANTA CASA DE SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^p Bonco Metro Politano de Sangre   (Venezuela)

^q HADASSAH HEBREW UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^r JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^s UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^t CEDARS SINAI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

global perspective; management of myeloma related side effects; myeloma care

Indexed keywords

BENDAMUSTINE; BORTEZOMIB; BUSULFAN; CARFILZOMIB; CLODRONIC ACID; CORTICOSTEROID; DENOSUMAB; DEXAMETHASONE; DOXORUBICIN; LENALIDOMIDE; MELPHALAN; PREDNISONE; THALIDOMIDE; ZOLEDRONIC ACID;

ANEMIA; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER PAIN; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER THERAPY; CONSOLIDATION CHEMOTHERAPY; FRAIL ELDERLY; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; KIDNEY FAILURE; MAINTENANCE CHEMOTHERAPY; MEDICAL SOCIETY; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; ONCOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT MONITORING; POLYNEUROPATHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM;

HUMANS; MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGIC; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; RECURRENCE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84899915546     PISSN: 08876924     EISSN: 14765551     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.293     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Surveillance epidemiology and end results. Fast Stats: An interactive tool for access to SEER cancer statistics, Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute http://seer.cancer.gov/faststats. Accessed: 8 May 2013.
2. Morgan GJ, Walker BA, Davies FE. The genetic architecture of multiple myeloma. Nat Rev Cancer 2012; 12: 335-348.
3. Palumbo A, Anderson K. Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1046-1060.
4. Kyle RA. Multiple myeloma: Review of 869 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1975; 50: 29-40.
5. Greipp PR, San Miguel J, Durie BG, Crowley JJ, Barlogie B, Bladé J. et al. International staging system for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 3412-3420.
6. Avet-Loiseau H, Durie BGM, Cavo M, Attal M, Gutierrez N, Haessler J. et al. Combining fluorescent in situ hybridization data with staging improves risk assessment in myeloma: An International Myeloma Working Group collaborative project. Leukemia 2012; 27: 711-717.
7. Munshi NC, Anderson KC. New strategies in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19: 3337-3344.
8. Durie BG, Kyle RA, Belch A, Bensinger W, Blade J, Boccadoro M. et al. Myeloma management guidelines: A consensus report from the scientific advisors of the International Myeloma Foundation. Hematol J 2003; 4: 379-398.
9. Munshi NC, Anderson KC, Bergsagel PL, Shaughnessy J, Palumbo A, Durie B. et al. Consensus recommendations for risk stratification inmultiplemyeloma: Report of the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel 2. Blood 2011; 117: 4696-4700.
10. Dispenzieri A, Kyle R, Merlini G, San Miguel J, Ludwig H, Hajek R. et al. International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for serum free light-chain analysis in multiple myeloma and related disorders. Leukemia 2009; 23: 215-224.
11. Durie BG, Salmon SE. A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma: Correlation of measured myeloma cell mass with presenting clinical features, response to treatment and survival. Cancer 1975; 36: 842-854.
12. Regelink JC, Minnema MC, Terpos E, Kamphuis MH, Raijmakers PG, Pieters-van den Bos IC. et al. Comparison of modern and conventional imaging techniques in establishing multiple myeloma-related bone disease: A systematic review. Br J Haematol 2013; 162: 50-61.
13. Ng AC, Kumar SK, Rajukar SV, Drake MT. Impact of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 2009; 84: 397-400.
14. Mateos MV, Hernandez MT, Giraldo P, de la Rubia J, de Arriba F, López Corral L. et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high risk smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 438-447.
15. Murray DL, Ryu E, Snyder MR, Katzmann JA. Quantitation of serum monoclonal proteins: Relationship between agarose gel electrophoresis and immunonephelometry. Clin Chem 2009; 55: 1523-1529.
16. Durie BG, Harousseau JL, Miguel JS, Bladé J, Barlogie B, Anderson K. et al. International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2006; 20: 1467-1473.
17. Rajkumar SV, Harousseau JL, Durie B, Anderson KC, Dimopoulos M, Kyle R. et al. Consensus recommendations for the uniform reporting of clinical trials: Report of the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel 1. Blood 2011; 117: 4691-4695.
18. Bladé J, Samson D, Reece D, Apperley J, Bjoörkstrand B, Gahrton G. et al. Criteria for evaluating disease response and progression in patients with multiple myeloma treated by high-dose therapy and haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Myeloma Subcommittee of the EBMT. European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplant. Br J Haematol 1998; 102: 1115-1123.
19. Dimopoulos M, Terpos E, Comenzo RL, Tosi P, Beksac M, Sezer O. et al. International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma. Leukemia 2009; 23: 1545-1556.
20. Zamagni E, Patriarca F, Nanni C, Zannetti B, Englaro E, Pezzi A. et al. Prognostic relevance of 18-F FDG PET/CT in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients treated with up-front autologous transplantation. Blood 2011; 118: 5989-5995.
21. Rosiñol L, Oriol A, Teruel AI, Hernández D, López-Jiménz J, de la Rubia J. et al. Superiority of bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTD) as induction pre-Transplantation therapy in multiple myeloma: A randomized phase III PETHEMA/GEM study. Blood 2012; 120: 1589-1596.
22. Hari P, Vij R, Zhang MJ, Zhong X, Lonial S, Dispenzierei A. Non-response to initial MM Induction-is there benefit to additional therapy to upgrade response pre-Transplant (AHCT)? Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leukemia 2013; 13(Suppl 1): S115 (abstract P-149).
23. Cavo M, Tacchetti P, Patriarca F, Petrucci MT, Pantani L, Galli M. et al. Bortezomib with thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with thalidomide plus dexamethasone as induction therapy before, and consolidation therapy after, double autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A randomised phase 3 study. Lancet 2010; 376: 2075-2085.
24. Cavo M, Rajkumar SV, Palumbo A, Moreau P, Orlowski R, Bladé J. et al. International Myeloma Working Group consensus approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma patients who are candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation. Blood 2011; 117: 6063-6073.
25. Moreau P, Avet-Loiseau H, Facon T, Attal M, Tiab M, Hulin C. et al. Bortezomib plus dexamethasone versus reduced-dose bortezomib, thalidomide plus dexamethasone as induction treatment before autologous stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood 2011; 118: 5752-5758.
26. Sonneveld P, Schmidt-Wolf IG, van der Holt B, El Jarari L, Bertsch U, Salwender H. et al. Bortezomib induction and maintenance treatment in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Results of the randomized phase III HOVON-65/ GMMG-HD4 trial. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 2946-2955.
27. Attal M, Harousseau JL, Facon T, Guilhot F, Doyen C, Fuzibet JG. et al. Single versus double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 2495-2502.
28. Richardson PG, Weller E, Lonial S, Jakubowiak AJ, Jagannath S, Raje NS. et al. Lenalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone combination therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood 2010; 116: 679-686.
29. Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory WM, Bell SE, Szubert AJ, Navarro Coy N. et al. Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone as induction therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients destined for autologous stem-cell transplantation: MRC Myeloma IX randomized trial results. Haematologica 2012; 97: 442-450.
30. Sonneveld P, Goldschmidt H, Rosinol L, BladéJ, Lahuerta JJ, Cavo M. et al. Bortezomib-based versus nonbortezomib-based induction treatment before autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: A meta-Analysis of phase III randomized, controlled trials. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 3279-3287.
31. Reece D, Song K, LeBlanc R, Mezzi K, Olujohungbe A, White D. et al. Efficacy and safety of busulfan-based conditioning regimens. Oncologist 2013; 18: 611-618.
32. Roussel M, Moreau P, Huynh A, Mary JY, Danho C, Caillot D. et al. Bortezomib and high-dose melphalan as conditioning regimen before autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with de novo multiple myeloma: A phase 2 study of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM). Blood 2010; 115: 32-37.
33. Kumar A, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Glasmacher A, Djulbegovic B. Tandem versus single autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101: 100-106.
34. Fayers PM, Palumbo A, Hulin C, Waage A, Wijermans P, Beksac M. et al. Thalidomide for previously untreated elderly patients with multiple myeloma: Meta-Analysis of 1685 individual patient data from 6 randomized clinical trials. Blood 2011; 118: 1239-1247.
35. Cavo M, Sonneveld P, Moreau P, BladéJ, Goldschmidt H, San Miguel JF. et al. Impact of bortezomib incorporated into autotransplantation on outcomes of myeloma patients with high-risk cytogenetics: An integrated analysis of 1894 patients enrolled in four European phase 3 studies. Blood 2012; 120: 749.
36. San Miguel JF, Schlag R, Khuageva NK, Dimopoulos MA, Shpilberg O, Kropff M. et al. Persistent overall survival benefit and no increased risk of second malignancies with bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone versus melphalan-prednisone in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 448-455.
37. Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory WM, Russell NH, Bell SE, Szubert AJ. et al. Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone (CTD) as initial therapy for patients with multiple myeloma unsuitable for autologous transplantation. Blood 2011; 118: 1231-1238.
38. Kapoor P, Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A, Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, Dingli D. et al. Melphalan and prednisone versus melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide for elderly and/or transplant ineligible patients with multiple myeloma: A meta-Analysis. Leukemia 2010; 25: 689-696.
39. Poönisch W, Mitrou PS, Merkle K, Herold M, Assmann M, Wilhelm G. et al. Treatment of bendamustine and prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma results in superior complete response rate, prolonged time to treatment failure and improved quality of life compared to treatment with melphalan and prednisone-A randomized phase III study of the East German Study Group of Hematology and Oncology (OSHO). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006; 4: 204-212.
40. Offidani M, Corvatta L, Polloni C, Centurioni R, Visani G, Brunori M. et al. Assessment of vulnerability measures and their effect on survival in a real-life population of multiple myeloma patients registered at Marche Region Multiple Myeloma Registry. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2012; 12: 423-432.
41. Kleber M, Ihorst G, Grob B, Koch B, Reinhardt H, Wäsch R. et al. Validation of the Freiburg Comorbidity Index in 466 multiple myeloma patients and combination with the International Staging System are highly predictive for outcome. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2013; 13: 541-551.
42. Bringhen S, Mateos MV, Zweegman S, Larocca A, Falcone AP, Oriol A. et al. Age and organ damage correlate with poor survival in myeloma patients: Meta-Analysis of 1435 individual patient data from 4 randomized trials. Haematologica 2013; 98: 980-987.
43. Palumbo A. Managing elderly myeloma patients: High risk vs. standard risk. Clin Lymphoma, Myeloma Leukemia 2013; 13(Suppl. 1): S19 (abstract S10-3).
44. Larocca A, Oliva S, Offidani M, Levi A, Musolino C, Benevolo G. et al. Subcutaneous Velcade plus Prednisone (VP) or plus Cyclophosfamide (VCP) or plus melphalan (VMP) in frail, elderly, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: A phase II community-based study. Haematologica 2013; 98(Suppl 1): 477 (abstract S1154).
45. Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Ludwig H, Dimopoulos MA, BladéJ, Mateos MV. et al. Personalized therapy in multiple myeloma according to patient age and vulnerability: A report of the European Myeloma Network (EMN). Blood 2011; 118: 4519-4529.
46. Attal M, Lauwers-Cances V, Marit G, Caillot D, Moreau P, Facon T. et al. Lenalidomide maintenance after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1782-1791.
47. Cavo M, Pantani L, Petrucci MT, Zamagni E, Donnarumma D, Crippa C. et al. Bortezomib-Thalidomide-dexamethasone is superior to thalidomide-dexamethasone as consolidation therapy after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood 2012; 120: 9-19.
48. Ladetto M, Ferrero S, Drandi D, Cavallo F, Monitillo L, Ghione P. et al. Long-Term results of the GIMEMA VTD consolidation trial in autografted multiple myeloma patients (VEL-03-096): Impact of minimal residual disease detection by real time quantitative PCR on late recurrences and overall survival. Blood 2011; 118: Abstract 827.
49. Mellqvist UH, Gimsing P, Hjertner O, Loff S, Laane E, Remes K. et al. Bortezomib consolidation after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: A Nordic Myeloma Study Group randomized phase III trial. Blood 2013; 121: 4647-4654.
50. Roussel M, Robillard N, Moreau P, Benboubker L, Hulin C, Marit G. et al. Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone (VRD) consolidation and lenalidomide maintenance in frontline multiple myeloma patients: Updated results of the IFM 2008 Phase II VRD intensive program. Blood 2011; 118: Abstract 1872.
51. Terragna C, Durante S, Zamagni E, Petrucci MT, Patriarca F, Perrone G. et al. Molecular remission after bortezomib-Thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTD) compared with thalidomide-dexamethasone (TD) as consolidation therapy following double autologous transplantation (ASCT) for multiple myeloma (MM): Results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Haematologica 2011; 96: S96 (abstract P-224).
52. Attal M, Harousseau JL, Leyvraz S, Doyen C, Hulin C, Benboubker L. et al. Maintenance therapy with thalidomide improves survival in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 2006; 108: 3289-3294.
53. Barlogie B, Attal M, Crowley J, van Rhee F, Szymonifka J, Moreau P. et al. Long-Term follow-up of autotransplantation trials for multiple myeloma: Update of protocols conducted by the intergroupe francophone du myelome, southwest oncology group and university of arkansas for medical sciences. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 1209-1214.
54. Lokhorst HM, van der Holt B, Zweegman S, Vallenga E, Croockewit S, van Oers MH. et al. A randomized phase 3 study on the effect of thalidomide combined with adriamycin, dexamethasone, and high-dose melphalan, followed by thalidomide maintenance in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood 2010; 115: 1113-1120.
55. Morgan GJ, Gregory WM, Davies FE, Bell SE, Szubert AJ, Brown JM. et al. The role of maintenance thalidomide therapy in multiple myeloma: MRC Myeloma IX results and meta-Analysis. Blood 2012; 119: 7-15.
56. Spencer A, Prince HM, Roberts AW, Prosser IW, Bradstock KF, Coyle L. et al. Consolidation therapy with low-dose thalidomide and prednisolone prolongs the survival of multiple myeloma patients undergoing a single autologous stem-cell transplantation procedure. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 1788-1793.
57. Stewart AK, Trudel S, Bahlis NJ, White D, Sabry W, Belch A. et al. A randomized phase 3 trial of thalidomide and prednisone as maintenance therapy following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) with a quality of life assessment: NCIC CTG MY.10 Trial. Blood 2013; 121: 1517-1523.
58. Ludwig H, Adam Z, TóthováE, Hajek R, Labar B, Egyed M. et al. Thalidomide maintenance treatment increases progression-free but not overall survival in elderly patients with myeloma. Haematologica 2010; 95: 1548-1554.
59. Mateos MV, Oriol A, Martínez-López J, Gutiérrez N, Teruel AI, López de la Guía A. et al. Maintenance therapy with bortezomib plus thalidomide or bortezomib plus prednisone in elderly multiple myeloma patients included in the GEM2005MAS65 trial. Blood 2012; 120: 2581-2588.
60. Palumbo A, Bringhen S, Rossi D, Cavalli M, Ria R, Gentilini S. et al. Overall survival benefit for bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone-Thalidomide followed by maintenance with bortezomib-Thalidomide (VMPT-VT) versus bortezomibmelphalan-prednisone (VMP) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Blood 2012; 120: Abstract 200.
61. Palumbo A, Hajek R, Delforge M, Kropff M, Petrucci MT, Catalano J. et al. Continuous lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1759-1769.
62. McCarthy PL, Owzar K, Hofmeister CC, Hurd DD, Hassoun H, Richardson PG. et al. Lenalidomide after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1770-1781.
63. Palumbo A, Cavallo F, Gay F, di Toritto T, Cavalli M, Ben Yehuda D. et al. Melphalan/Prednisone/Lenalidomide (MPR) versus high-dose melphalan and autologous transplantation (MEL200) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Haematologica 2013; 98(Suppl 1): S96 (abstract P222).
64. Delforge M, Dimopoulos M, Adam Z, Hajek R, Yu Z, Herbein L. et al. Long-Term safety of continous lenalidomide therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients: MM-015 Update. Clin Lymphoma, Myeloma Leukemia 2013; 13(Suppl 1): S45 (abstract O-17).
65. Ludwig H, Durie BG, McCarthy P, Palumbo A, San Miguel J, Barlogie B. et al. IMWG consensus on maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma. Blood 2012; 119: 3003-3015.
66. Mothy B, El-Cheikh J, Yakoub-Agha I, Avet-Loiseau H, Moreau P, Mothy M. Treatment strategies in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: A focus on drug sequencing and ?retreatment? approaches in the era of novel agents. Leukemia 2011; 26: 73-85.
67. Jakubowiak A. Management strategies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: Current clinical perspectives. Semin Hematol 2012; 49(Suppl 1): S16-S32.
68. Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo M, Attal M, Beksac M, Davies FE, Delforge M. et al. Optimizing the use of lenalidomide in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: Consensus statement. Leukemia 2011; 25: 749-760.
69. Jimenez-Zepeda VH, Mikhael J, Winter A, Franke N, Masih-Khan E, Trudel S. et al. Second autologous stem cell transplantation as salvage therapy for multiple myeloma: Impact on progression-free survival. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18: 773-779.
70. Lemieux E, Hulin C, Caillot D, Tardy S, Dorvaux V, Michael J. et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation: An effective salvage therapy in multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19: 445-449.
71. Ludwig H, Avet-Loiseau H, BladéJ, Boccadoro M, Cavenagh J, Cavo M. et al. European perspective on multiple myeloma treatment strategies: Update following recent congresses. The Oncologist 2012; 17: 592-606.
72. Petrucci MT, Giraldo P, Corradini P, Teixeira A, Dimopoulos MA, Blau IW. et al. A prospective, international phase 2 study of bortezomib retreatment in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2013; 160: 649-659.
73. Jakubowiak AJ, Siegel DS, Martin T, Wang M, Vij R, Lonial S. et al. Treatment outcomes in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma and high risk cytogenetics receiving single-Agent carfilzomib in the PX-171-003-A1 study. Leukemia 2013; 27: 2351-2356.
74. Lacy MQ, Kumar SK, LaPlant BR, Laumann K, Gertz MA, Hayman SR. et al. Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone (pom/dex) in relapsed myeloma: Long term follow up and factors predicting outcome in 345 patients. Blood 2012; 120: Abstract 201.
75. Mhaskar R, Redzepovic J, Wheatley K, Clark OA, Miladinovic B, Glasmacher A. et al. Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma: A network meta-Analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 5: CD003188.
76. Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory WM, Cocks K, Bell SE, Szubert AJ. et al. First-line treatment with zoledronic acid as compared with clodronic acid in multiple myeloma (MRC Myeloma IX): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 376: 1989-1999.
77. Gimsing P, Carlson K, Turesson I, Fayers P, Waage A, Vangsted A. et al. Effect of pamidronate 30mg versus 90mg on physical function in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (Nordic Myeloma Study Group): A double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11: 973-982.
78. Garcia-Sanz R, Oriol A, de la Rubia J, Palomera L, Ribas P, Hernández MT. et al. Analysis of zoledronic acid therapy for patients with multiple myeloma with asymptomatic biochemical relapse. Blood 2012; 120: Abstract 2967.
79. Morgan GJ, Davies FE, Gregory WM, Szubert AJ, Bell SE, Drayson MT. et al. Effects of induction and maintenance plus long-Term bisphosphonates on bone disease in patients with multiple myeloma: MRC Myeloma IX trial. Blood 2012; 119: 5374-5383.
80. Balducci M, Chiesa S, Manfrida S, Rossi E, Za T, Frascino V. et al. Impact of radiotherapy on pain relief and recalcification in plasma cell neoplasms: Long-Term experience. Strahlenther Onkol 2011; 187: 114-119.
81. Hussein MA, Vrionis FD, Allison R, Berenson J, Berven S, Erdem E. et al. The role of vertebral augmentation in multiple myeloma: International Myeloma Working Group consensus statement. Leukemia 2008; 22: 1479-1484.
82. Berenson J, Pflugmacher R, Jarzem P, Zonder J, Schechtman K, Tillman JB. et al. Balloon kyphoplasty versus nonsurgical fracture management for treatment of painful vertebral body compression fractures in patients with cancer: A multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 225-235.
83. Ludwig H, Zojer N. Supportive care in multiple myeloma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2007; 20: 817-835.
84. Terpos E, Cibeira MT, Blade J, Ludwig H. Management of complications in multiple myeloma. Semin Hematol 2009; 46: 176-189.
85. Nucci M, Anaissie E. Infections in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of high-dose therapy and novel agents. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49: 1211-1225.
86. Robertson JD, Nagesh K, Jowitt SN, Dougal M, Anderson H, Mutton K. et al. Immunogenicity of vaccination against influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type B in patients with multiple myeloma. Br J Cancer 2000; 82: 1261-1265.
87. Chanan-Khan A, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW, Stadtmauer EA, Facon T, Harousseau JL. et al. Analysis of herpes zoster events among bortezomib-Treated patients in the phase III APEX study. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 4784-4790.
88. Swaika A, Paulus A, Miller KC, Sher T, Almyroudis NG, Ball D. et al. Acyclovir prophylaxis against varicella zoster virus reactivation in multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib-based therapies: A retrospective analysis of 100 patients. J Support Oncol 2012; 10: 155-159.
89. Vesole DH, Oken MM, Heckler C, Greipp PR, Katz MS, Jacobus S. et al. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis of early infection in multiple myeloma: A URCC/ECOG randomized phase III study. Leukemia 2012; 26: 2517-2520.
90. Offidani M, Corvatta L, Polloni C, Gentili S, Brioni A, Visani G. et al. Infectious complications in patients with multiple myeloma treated with new drug combinations containing thalidomide. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52: 776-785.
91. Chapel HM, Lee M, Hargreaves R, Pamphilon DH, Prentice AG. Randomised trial of intravenous immunoglobulin as prophylaxis against infection in plateau-phase multiple myeloma. The UK group for immunoglobulin replacement therapy in multiple myeloma. Lancet 1994; 343: 1059-1063.
92. Augustson BM, Begum G, Dunn JA, Barth NJ, Davies F, Morgan G. et al. Early mortality after diagnosis of multiple myeloma: Analysis of patients entered onto the United Kingdom Medical Research Council trials between 1980 and 2002-Medical Research Council Adult Leukaemia Working Party. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 9219-9226.
93. Dimopoulos MA, Kastritis E, Rosinol L, BladéJ, Ludwig H. Pathogenesis and treatment of renal failure in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2008; 22: 1485-1493.
94. Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Chanan-Khan A, Leung N, Ludwig H, Jagannath S. et al. Renal impairment in patients with multiple myeloma: A consensus statement on behalf of the International Myeloma Working Group. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 4976-4984.
95. Ludwig H, Adam Z, Hajek R, Greil R, TóthováE, Keil F. et al. Light-chain-induced acute renal failure can be reversed by bortezomib-doxorubicin-dexamethasone in multiple myeloma: Results of a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 4635-4641.
96. Dimopoulos MA, Roussou M, Gkotzamanidou M, Nikitas N, Psimenou E, Mparmparoussi D. et al. The role of novel agents on the reversibility of renal impairment in newly diagnosed symptomatic patients with multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2013; 27: 423-429.
97. Alexanian R, Dimopoulos MA, Delasalle K, Barlogie B. Primary dexamethasone treatment of multiple myeloma. Blood 1992; 80: 887-890.
98. Badros AZ, Vij R, Martin T, Zonder JA, Kunkel L, Wang Z. et al. Carfilzomib in multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment: Pharmacokinetics and safety. Leukemia 2013; 27: 1707-1714.
99. Birgegård G, Gascón P, Ludwig H. Evaluation of anaemia in patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma: Findings of the European Cancer Anaemia Survey. Eur J Haematol 2006; 77: 378-386.
100. Rizzo JD, Somerfield MR, Hagerty KL, Seidenfeld J, Bohlius J, Bennett CL. et al. Use of epoetin and darbepoetin in patients with cancer: 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Society of Hematology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 132-149.
101. Schrijvers D. Management of anemia in cancer patients: Transfusions. The Oncologist 2011; 16(Suppl 3): 12-18.
102. Srkalovic G, Cameron MG, Rybicki L, Deitcher SR, Kattke-Marchant K, Hussein MA. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma are associated with an increased incidence of venothromboembolic disease. Cancer 2004; 101: 558-566.
103. Kristinsson SY, Pfeiffer RM, Bjorkholm M, Schulman S, Landgren O. Thrombosis is associated with inferior survival in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2012; 97: 1603-1607.
104. Palumbo A, Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Richardson PG, San Miguel J, Barlogie B. et al. Prevention of thalidomide-And lenalidomide-Associated thrombosis in myeloma. Leukemia 2008; 22: 414-423.
105. Kristinsson SY. Thrombosis in multiple myeloma. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2010; 2010: 437-444.
106. Richardson PG, Xie W, Mitsiades C, Chanan-Khan AA, Lonial S, Hassoun H. et al. Single-Agent bortezomib in previously untreated multiple myeloma: Efficacy, characterization of peripheral neuropathy and molecular correlations with response and neuropathy. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 3518-3525.
107. Delforge M, BladéJ, Dimopoulos MA, Facon T, Kropff M, Ludwig H. et al. Treatment-related peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma: The challenge continues. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11: 1086-1095.
108. Johnson DC, Corthals SL, Walker BA, Ross FM, Gregory WM, Dickens NJ. et al. Genetic factors underlying the risk of thalidomide-related neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 797-804.
109. Mileshkin L, Stark R, Day B, Seymour JF, Zeldis JB, Prince HM. Development of neuropathy in patients with myeloma treated with thalidomide: Patterns of occurrence and the role of electrophysiologic monitoring. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 4507-4514.
110. Richardson PG, Delforge M, Beksac M, Wen P, Jongen JL, Sezer O. et al. Management of treatment-emergent peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2012; 26: 595-608.
111. Broyl A, Corthals SL, Jongen JL, van der Holt B, Kuiper R, de Knegt Y. et al. Mechanisms of peripheral neuropathy associated with bortezomib and vincristine in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A prospective analysis of data from the HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 trial. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11: 1057-1065.
112. Moreau P, Pylypenko H, Grosicki S, Karamanesht I, Leleu X, Grishunina M. et al. Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: A randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority study. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 431-440.
113. Dy SM, Asch SM, Naeim A, Sanati H, Walling A, Lorenz KA. Evidence-based standards for cancer pain management. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 3879-3885.