Variation in Protein Content and Amino Acids in the Leaves of Grain, Vegetable and Weedy Types of Amaranths

Agronomy

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 391-403

  Andini, Rita ^a   Yoshida, Shigeki ^a   Ohsawa, Ryo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

Author keywords

Amaranthus; Genetic diversity; Lysine; Malnutrition; Nutritional values

Indexed keywords

EID: 84899721714     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20734395     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/agronomy3020391     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Müller, O.; Krawinkel, M. Malnutrition and health in developing countries. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 2005, 173, 279–286.
2. Chakraborty, S.; Chakraborty, N.; Agrawal, L.; Ghosh, S.; Narula, K.; Shekhar, S.; Naik, P.S.; Pande, P.C.; Chakrborti, S.K.; Datta, A. Next-generation protein-rich potato expressing the seed protein gene AmA1 is a result of proteome rebalancing in transgenic tuber. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2010, 1–6.
3. Sari, M.; de Pee, S.; Bloem, M.W.; Sun, K.; Thorne-Lyman, A.L.; Moench-Pfanner, R.; Akhter, N.; Kraemer, K.; Semba, R.D. Higher household expenditure on animal-source and nongrain foods lowers the risk of stunting among children 0–59 months old in Indonesia: Implications of rising food prices. J. Nutr. 2010, 140, 195S–200S.
4. Welch, R.M.; Graham, R.D. Breeding for micronutrients in staple food crops from a human nutrition perspective. J. Exp. Bot. 2004, 55, 353–364.
5. Persson, V. Vitamin A Intake, Status and Improvement Using the Dietary Approach. Ph.D Thesis, Faculty of Medicine Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 2001.
6. Huang, J.; Pray, C.; Rozelle, S. Enhancing the crops to feed the poor. Nature 2002, 418, 678–684.
7. Gupta, S.; Jyothi Lakshmi, A.; Manjunath, M.N.; Prakash, J. Analysis of nutrient and antinutrient content of underutilized green leafy vegetables. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 2005, 38, 339–345.
8. Barba de la Rosa, A.P.; Fomsgaard, I.S.; Laursen, B.; Mortensen, A.G.; Olvera-Martínez, L.; Silva-Sánchez, C.; Mendoza-Herrera, A.; González-Castañeda, J.; De León-Rodríguez, A. Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) as an alternative crop for sustainable food production: phenolic acids and flavonoids with potential impact on its nutraceutical quality. J. Cereal Sci. 2009, 49, 117–121.
9. Gupta, K.; Wagle, D.S. Nutritional and antinutritional factors of green leafy vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1988, 36, 472–474.
10. Caselato Sousa, V.M.; Amaya-Farfán, J. State of knowledge on amaranth grain: a comprehensive review. J. Food Sci. 2012, 77, R93–R104.
11. Brenner, D.M.; Baltensperger, D.D.; Kulakow, P.A.; Lehmann, J.W.; Myers, R.L.; Slabbert, M.M.; Sleugh, B.B. Genetic resources and breeding of Amaranthus. Plant Breed. Rev. 2000, 19, 227–285.
12. Coons, M.P. Relationships of Amaranthus caudatus. Econ. Bot. 1982, 36, 129–146.
13. Grubben, G.J.H. Amaranthus L. In Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 8 Vegetables; Siemonsma, J.S., Piluek, K., Eds.; Prosea Foundation: Bogor, Indonesia, 1994; pp. 82–86.
14. Barba de la Rosa, A.P.; Gueguen, J.; Paredes-López, O.; Viroben, G. Fractionation procedure, electrophoretic characterization, and amino acid composition of amaranth seed proteins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 931–936.
15. Barba de la Rosa, A.P.; Silva-Sánchez, C.; González de Mejia, E. ACS symposium series: Amaranth: An ancient crop for modern technology. In Hispanic Foods; Tunick, M., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, USA, 2006; pp. 103–116.
16. Zheleznov, A.V.; Solonenko, L.P.; Zheleznova, N.B. Seed proteins of the wild and the cultivated Amaranthus species. Euphytica 1997, 97, 177–182.
17. Maughan, P.J.; Sisneros, N.; Luo, M.; Kudrna, D.; Ammiraju, J.S.S.; Wing, R.A. Construction of an Amaranthus hypochondriacus bacterial artificial chromosome library and genomic sequencing of herbicide target genes. Plant Genome 2008, 1, S85–S94.
18. Pal, M. Evolution and improvement of cultivated amaranths. III. Amaranthus spinosus-dubius complex. Genetica 1972, 43, 106–118.
19. Andini, R.; Yoshida, S.; Yoshida, Y.; Ohsawa, R.O. Amaranthus genetic resources in Indonesia: Morphological and protein content assessment in comparison with worldwide amaranths. Gen. Resour. Crop Evol. 2013, doi:10.1007/s10722-013-9979-y. Available online: http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10722-013-9979-y.pdf (accessed on 2 May 2013).
20. Grubben, G.J.H. The Cultivation of Amaranth as a Tropical Leaf Vegetable with Special Reference to South Dahomey; Department of Agricultural Research of the Royal Tropical Institute: Amsterdam, The Netherland, 1976; pp. 1–207.
21. Grubben, G.J.H. Amaranthus dubius Mart. Ex. Thell [Internet] Record from Protabase. In Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA); Grubben, G.J.H., Denton, O.A., Eds.; Plant Resources of Tropical Africa/Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale (PROTA): Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2004. Available online: http://www.prota.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=128&lang=en (accessed on 14 March 2013).
22. Shukla, S.; Bhargava, A.; Chatterjee, A.; Pandey, A.C.; Mishra, B.K. Diversity in phenotypic and nutritional traits in vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), a nutritionally underutilized crop. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2010, 90, 139–144.
23. Pfeiffer, W.; McClafferty, B. HarvestPlus: Breeding crops for better nutrition. Crop Sci. 2007, 47, S88–S105.
24. Becker, R.; Wheeler, E.L.; Lorenz, K.; Stafford, A.E.; Grosjean, O.K.; Betschart, A.A.; Saunders, R.M. A compositional study of amaranth grain. J. Food Sci. 1981, 46, 1175–1180.
25. Gorinstein, S.; Moshe, R. Evaluation of four Amaranthus species through protein electrophoretic patterns and their amino acid composition. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 851–854.
26. Gorinstein, S.; Delgado-Licon, E.; Pawelzik, E.; Permady, H.H.; Weisz, M.; Trakhtenberg, S. Characterization of soluble amaranth and soybean proteins based on fluorescence, hydrophobicity, electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, circular dichroism, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 5595–5601.
27. Shukla, S.; Bhargava, A.; Chatterjee, A.; Srivastava, A.; Singh, S.P. Estimates of genetic variability in vegetable amaranth (A. tricolor) over different cuttings. Hort. Sci. 2005, 32, 60–67.
28. Van Wyk, B.E. The potential of South African plants in the development of new food and beverage products. South Afr. J. Bot. 2011, 77, 857–868.
29. Pickersgill, B. Biosystematics of crop-weed complexes. Kulturpflanze 1981, 19, S377–S388.
30. Guil, J.L.; Rodriguez-Garcia, I.; Torija, E. Nutritional and toxic factors in selected wild edible plants. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 1997, 51, 99–107.
31. Introduction to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 1st ed.; Food and Agriculture Organization: Rome, Italy, 2011; pp. 1–155.
32. Fomsgaard, I.S.; Añon, M.C.; Barba de la Rosa, A.P.; Christophersen, C.; Dusek, K.; Délano-Frier, J.; Espinoza Pérez, J.; Fonseca, A.; Janovská, D.; Kudsk, P.; et al. Adding value to holy grain: Providing the key tools for the exploitation of amaranth-the protein rich grain of the Aztecs, Results from a joint European-Latin American Research Project. In Amaranth: Future Food; Department of Integrated Pest Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University: Aarhus, Denmark, 2009; pp. 1–77.
33. Protein and Amino acid Requirements in Human Nutrition; Report of a Joint WHO/FAO/UNU Expert Consultation (WHO Technical Report Series; No. 935); World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2007; pp. 1–284.
34. Hadisoeganda, R.W.W. Amaranth: Livelihood Support for Farmers in Indonesia (in Indonesian); No 8; A Monograph Produced by the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute: Lembang, Indonesia, 1996.
35. Pedersen, B.; Kalinowski, L.S.; Eggum, B.O. The nutritive value of amaranth grain (Amaranthus caudatus). Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 1987, 36, 309–324.
36. Coultate, T.P. Food, the Chemistry of Its Composition, 4th ed.; RSC publication: Cambridge, Country, 2002; pp. 138.
37. National Academy of Science. Lost Crops of Africa: Grains; The National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1996; Volume I, pp. 1–408.
38. Bressani, R.; García-Vela, L.A. Protein fractions in amaranth grain and their chemical characterization. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 1205–1209.
39. Wargiono, J.; Richana, N.; Hidajat, A. Contribution of cassava leaves used as a vegetable to improve human nutrition in Indonesia, 2002. Available online: http://webapp.ciat.cgiar.org/asia_cassava/workshop_pdf/Paper16_J_Wargiono_N_Richana_and_A_Hidajat_Contribution_of_c.pdf (accessed on 14 March 2013).
40. National Academy of Sciences. Lost Crops of Africa: Vegetables; The National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2006; Volume II, pp. 1–379.
41. United States Department of Agriculture—Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS). National Genetic Resources Program Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory: Beltsville, Maryland, 2011. Available online: http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/ (accessed on 14 March 2013).
42. Brenner, D.M. Amaranth Descriptor. Descriptor Site(s):NC7; USDA: Iowa City, IA, USA, 2002; pp. 1–13. Available online: http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/descriptors/amaranth (accessed on 14 March 2013).
43. AOAC Kjeldahl method for nitrate containing samples—Official final action. In Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists; Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Washington, DC, USA, 1980; p. 15.