Contribution of shape and gradient refractive index to the spherical aberration of isolated human lenses

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 55, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 2599-2607

  Birkenfeld, Judith ^a   de Castro, Alberto ^a   Marcos, Susana ^a  

^a INSTITUTO DE ÓPTICA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Crystalline lens; Gradient refractive index; Spherical aberration

Indexed keywords

A SCAN; ACCOMMODATION; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; EYE REFRACTION; FEMALE; GEOMETRY; GRADIENT REFRACTIVE INDEX; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMAGE PROCESSING; LENS; LENS CAPSULE; LENS POWER; LENS SIZE; MALE; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFRACTION INDEX; SURFACE PROPERTY; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; VISUAL SYSTEM PARAMETERS;

CRYSTALLINE LENS; GRADIENT REFRACTIVE INDEX; SPHERICAL ABERRATION;

ADULT; AGED; HUMANS; IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; LENS, CRYSTALLINE; LIGHT; MIDDLE AGED; REFRACTION, OCULAR; REFRACTOMETRY; TISSUE DONORS; TOMOGRAPHY, OPTICAL COHERENCE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84899621911     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: 15525783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14201     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Glasser A, Campbell MC. Biometric, optical and physical changes in the isolated human crystalline lens with age in relation to presbyopia. Vision Res. 1999;39:1991-2015.
2. Dubbelman M, van der Heijde RGL. The shape of the aging human lens: curvature, equivalent refractive index and the lens paradox. Vision Res. 2001;41:1867-1877.
3. Lowe R, Clark, BR. Radius of curvature of the anterior lens surface. Correlations in normal eyes and in eyes involved with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1973;57: 471-474.
4. Brown N. The change in lens curvature with age. Exp Eye Res. 1974;19:175-183.
5. Garner LF, Smith G. Changes in equivalent and gradient refractive index of the crystalline lens with accommodation. Optom Vis Sci. 1997;74:114-119.
6. Atchison DA, Markwell EL, Kasthurirangan S, Pope JM, Smith G, Swann PG. Age-related changes in optical and biometric characteristics of emmetropic eyes. J Vis. 2008;8(4):29.1-20.
7. Glasser A, Campbell MC. Presbyopia and the optical changes in the human crystalline lens with age. Vision Res. 1998;38: 209-229.
8. Hemenger RP, Garner LF, Ooi CS. Change with age of the refractive index gradient of the human ocular lens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:703-707.
9. Koretz JF, Cook CA, Kaufman PL. Aging of the human lens: changes in lens shape at zero-diopter accommodation. J Opt Soc Am A. 2001;18:265-272.
10. McLellan JS, Marcos S, Burns SA. Age-related changes in monochromatic wave aberrations of the human eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:1390-1395.
11. Amano SAY, Yamagami S, Miyai T, Miyata K, Samejima T, Oshika T. Age-related changes in corneal and ocular higherorder wavefront aberrations. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137: 988-992.
12. Artal P, Guirao A, Berrio E, Williams DR. Compensation of corneal aberrations by the internal optics in the human eye. J Vis. 2001;1(1):1-8.
13. Guirao A, Artal P. Corneal wave aberration from videokeratography: accuracy and limitations of the procedure. J Opt Soc Am A. 2000;17:955-965.
14. Smith G, Cox MJ, Calver R, Garner LF. The spherical aberration of the crystalline lens of the human eye. Vision Res. 2001;41: 235-243.
15. Barbero S, Marcos S, Merayo-Lloves J. Corneal and total optical aberrations in a unilateral aphakic patient. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1594-1600.
16. Moffat BA, Atchison DA, Pope JM. Explanation of the lens paradox. Optom Vis Sci. 2002;79:148-150.
17. Koretz JF, Handelman GH. How the human eye focuses. Sci Am. 1988;259:92-99.
18. Pierscionek BK, Augusteyn RC. Species variability in optical parameters of the eye lens. Clin Exp Optom. 1993;76:22-25.
19. Borja D, Manns F, Ho A, et al. Optical power of the isolated human crystalline lens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49: 2541-2548.
20. Dubbelman M, van der Heijde RGL, Weeber HA. Change in shape of the aging human crystalline lens with accommodation. Vision Res. 2005;45:117-132.
21. Garner LF, Smith G, Yao S, Augusteyn RC. Gradient refractive index of the crystalline lens of the Black Oreo Dory (Allocyttus niger): comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laser ray-trace methods. Vision Res. 2001;41:973-979.
22. Jagger WS. The optics of the spherical fish lens. Vision Res. 1992;32:1271-1284.
23. Verma Y, Rao KD, Suresh MK, Patel HS, Gupta PK. Measurement of gradient refractive index profile of crystalline lens of fisheye in vivo using optical coherence tomography. Appl Phys B. 2007;87:607-610.
24. Campbell MC. Measurement of refractive index in an intact crystalline lens. Vision Res. 1984;24:409-415.
25. Jagger WS. The refractive structure and optical properties of the isolated crystalline lens of the cat. Vision Res. 1990;30: 723-738.
26. Nakao S, Fujimoto S, Nagata R, Iwata K. Model of refractiveindex distribution in the rabbit crystalline lens. J Opt Soc Am. 1968;58:1125-1130.
27. Pierscionek BK, Belaidi A, Bruun HH. Refractive index distribution in the porcine eye lens for 532 nm and 633 nm light. Eye (Lond). 2005;19:375-381.
28. de Castro A, Ortiz S, Gambra E, Siedlecki D, Marcos S. Threedimensional reconstruction of the crystalline lens gradient index distribution from OCT imaging. Opt Express. 2010;18: 21905-21917.
29. Vazquez D, Acosta E, Smith G, Garner L. Tomographic method for measurement of the gradient refractive index of the crystalline lens. II. The rotationally symmetrical lens. J Opt Soc Am A. 2006;23:2551-2565.
30. de Castro A, Siedlecki D, Borja D, et al. Age-dependent variation of the gradient index profile in human crystalline lenses. J Mod Opt. 2011;58:1781-1787.
31. Jones CE, Atchison DA, Meder R, Pope JM. Refractive index distribution and optical properties of the isolated human lens measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Vision Res. 2005;45:2352-2366.
32. Kasthurirangan S, Markwell EL, Atchison DA, Pope JM. In vivo study of changes in refractive index distribution in the human crystalline lens with age and accommodation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:2531-2540.
33. Pierscionek BK. Surface refractive index of the eye lens determined with an optic fiber sensor. J Opt Soc Am A. 1993; 10:1867-1871.
34. Pierscionek BK. Refractive index contours in the human lens. Exp Eye Res. 1997;64:887-893.
35. Nakao S, Fujimoto S, Higuchi M, Ito Y. A refractive index distribution of the crystalline lens of the cat eye [in Japanese]. Nippon Ganka Kiyo. 1968;19:343-347.
36. Birkenfeld J, de Castro A, Ortiz S, Pascual D, Marcos S. Contribution of the gradient refractive index and shape to the crystalline lens spherical aberration and astigmatism. Vision Res. 2013;86:27-34.
37. Kröger RH, Campbell MC, Munger R, Fernald RD. Refractive index distribution and spherical aberration in the crystalline lens of the African cichlid fish Haplochromis burtoni. Vision Res. 1994;34:1815-1822.
38. de Castro A, Birkenfeld J, Maceo B, et al. Influence of shape and gradient refractive index in the accommodative changes of spherical aberration in nonhuman primate crystalline lenses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:6197-6207.
39. Augusteyn RC, Rosen AM, Borja D, Ziebarth NM, Parel JM. Biometry of primate lenses during immersion in preservation media. Mol Vis. 2006;12:740-747.
40. Grulkowski I, Gora M, Szkulmowski M, et al. Anterior segment imaging with spectral OCT system using a high-speed CMOS camera. Opt Express. 2009;17:4842-4858.
41. Tarrant J, Roorda A, Wildsoet CF. Determining the accommodative response from wavefront aberrations. J Vis. 2010;10(5): 4.
42. Borja D, Siedlecki D, de Castro A, et al. Distortions of the posterior surface in optical coherence tomography images of the isolated crystalline lens: effect of the lens index gradient. Biomed Opt Express. 2010;1:1331-1340.
43. Ortiz S, Siedlecki D, Remon L, Marcos S. Optical coherence tomography for quantitative surface topography. Appl Opt. 2009;48:6708-6715.
44. Uhlhorn SR, Borja D, Manns F, Parel JM. Refractive index measurement of the isolated crystalline lens using optical coherence tomography. Vision Res. 2008;48:2732-2738.
45. Atchison DA, Smith G. Chromatic dispersions of the ocular media of human eyes. J Opt Soc Am A. 2005;22:29-37.
46. Rosen AM, Denham DB, Fernandez V, et al. In vitro dimensions and curvatures of human lenses. Vision Res. 2006;46:1002-1009.
47. Holland JH. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press; 1975.
48. Stavroudis OO. The Optics of Rays, Wavefrons and Caustics. New York: Academic Press; 1972.
49. Sharma A, Kumar DV, Ghatak AK. Tracing rays through gradedindex media: a new method. Appl Opt. 1982;21:984-987.
50. Dubbelman M, van der Heijde RGL, Weeber HA. The thickness of the aging human lens obtained from corrected Scheimpflug images. Optom Vis Sci. 2001;78:411-416.
51. Koretz JF, Handelman GH, Brown NP. Analysis of human crystalline lens curvature as a function of accommodative state and age. Vision Res. 1984;24:1141-1151.
52. Rosales P, Dubbelman M, Marcos S, van der Heijde RGL. Crystalline lens radii of curvature from Purkinje and Scheimpflug imaging. J Vis. 2006;6(10):1057-1067.
53. Gambra E, Ortiz S, Perez-Merino P, Gora M, Wojtkowski M, Marcos S. Static and dynamic crystalline lens accommodation evaluated using quantitative 3-D OCT. Biomed Opt Express. 2013;4:1595-1609.
54. Manns F, Fernandez V, Zipper S, et al. Radius of curvature and asphericity of the anterior and posterior surface of human cadaver crystalline lenses. Exp Eye Res. 2004;78:39-51.
55. Moffat BA, Atchison DA, Pope JM. Age-related changes in refractive index distribution and power of the human lens as measured by magnetic resonance micro-imaging in vitro. Vision Res. 2002;42:1683-1693.
56. Charman WN, Atchison DA. Age-dependence of the average and equivalent refractive indices of the crystalline lens. Biomed Opt Express. 2014;5:31-39.
57. Maceo BM, Manns F, Borja D, et al. Contribution of the crystalline lens gradient refractive index to the accommodation amplitude in non-human primates: in vitro studies. J Vis. 2011;11(13):23.
58. McLellan JS, Marcos S, Prieto PM, Burns SA. Imperfect optics may be the eye's defence against chromatic blur. Nature. 2002;417:174-176.
59. Artal P, Berrio E, Guirao A, Piers P. Contribution of the cornea and internal surfaces to the change of ocular aberrations with age. J Opt Soc Am A. 2002;19:137-143.
60. Campbell MC, Hughes A. An analytic, gradient index schematic lens and eye for the rat which predicts aberrations for finite pupils. Vision Res. 1981;21:1129-1148.
61. Wong K-H, Koopmans SA, Terwee T, Kooijman AC. Changes in spherical aberration after lens refilling with a silicone oil. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:1261-1267.
62. He JC, Burns SA, Marcos S. Monochromatic aberrations in the accommodated human eye. Vision Res. 2000;40:41-48.