Biometric, optical and physical changes in the isolated human crystalline lens with age in relation to presbyopia

Vision Research

Volumn 39, Issue 11, 1999, Pages 1991-2015

  Glasser, Adrian ^a   C W Campbell, Melanie ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Accommodation; Age; Crystalline lens; Optics; Presbyopia; Spherical aberration

Indexed keywords

ACCOMMODATION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE REFRACTION; FEMALE; GEOMETRY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LENS; LENS CAPSULE; LENS POWER; MALE; PRESBYOPIA; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; THICKNESS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ANTHROPOMETRY; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; LENS CAPSULE, CRYSTALLINE; LENS, CRYSTALLINE; MALE; MATHEMATICS; MIDDLE AGED; OPTICS; PRESBYOPIA; REFRACTION, OCULAR; STRESS, MECHANICAL;

EID: 0032894659     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00283-1     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Bito L.Z., Miranda O.C. Accommodation and presbyopia. Reinecke R.D. Ophthalmology annual. 1989;103-128 Raven Press, New York.
2. Beers A.P.A., Van der Heijde G.L. In vivo determination of the biomechanical properties of the component elements of the accommodative mechanism. Vision Research. 34:1994;2897-2905.
3. Beers A.P.A., Van der Heijde G.L. Age-related changes in the accommodation mechanism. Optometry and Vision Science. 73:1996;235-242.
4. Bennett, A. G., & Rabbetts, R. B. (1989). Clinical visual optics (2nd ed.). (pp. 255-256, 338-342). Toronto: Butterworths.
5. Brown N. The change in shape and internal form of the lens of the eye on accommodation. Experimental Eye Research. 15:1973;441-459.
6. Brown N.P. The change in lens curvature with age. Experimental Eye Research. 19:1974;175-183.
7. Campbell M.C.W. Measurement of refractive index in an intact crystalline lens. Vision Research. 24:1984;409-415.
8. Duane A. Normal values of the accommodation at all ages. Journal of the American Medical Association. 59:1912;1010-1013.
9. Ejiri M., Thompson H.E., O'Neill W.D. Dynamic visco-elastic properties of the lens. Vision Research. 9:1969;233-244.
10. Fincham E.F. The mechanism of accommodation. British Journal of Ophthalmology Supplement. 8:1937;5-80.
11. Fisher R.F. Elastic constants of the human lens capsule. Journal of Physiology. 201:1969;1-19.
12. Fisher R.F. The significance of the shape of the lens and capsular energy changes in accommodation. Journal of Physiology. 201:1969;21-47.
13. Fisher R.F. The elastic constants of the human lens. Journal of Physiology. 212:1971;147-180.
14. Fisher R.F. Presbyopia and the changes with age in the human crystalline lens. Journal of Physiology. 228:1973;765-779.
15. Glasser A., Campbell M.C.W. Presbyopia and the optical changes in the human crystalline lens with age. Vision Research. 38:1998;209-229.
16. Glasser A., Campbell M.C.W. Reply: On the potential causes of presbyopia. Vision Research. 39:1999;1267-1272.
17. Gullstrand von, A. (1909) Appendix IV. Mechanism of accommodation. In H. H. Helmholz von, (1909) Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik (pp. 383-415). New York: Dover (J. P. C. Southall, Trans.; Helmholz's treatise on physiological optics; original work published 1962).
18. Helmholz von, H. H. (1909). Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik (pp. 143-172). New York: Dover (J. P. C. Southall, Trans.; Helmholz's treatise on physiological optics; original work published 1962).
19. Hemenger R.P., Garner L.F., Ooi C.S. Change with age of the refractive index gradient of the human ocular lens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 36:1995;703-707.
20. Heyningen R. The human lens. III. Some observations on the post-mortem lens. Experimental Eye Research. 13:1972;155-160.
21. Howcroft M.J., Parker J.A. Aspheric curvatures for the human lens. Vision Research. 17:1977;1217-1223.
22. Kikkawa Y., Sato T. Elastic properties of the lens. Experimental Eye Research. 2:1963;210-215.
23. Koretz J.F., Handelman G.H. The lens paradox and image formation in accommodating human eyes. Topics in Aging Research in Europe. 6:1986;57-64.
24. Koretz J.F., Handelman G.H. How the human eye focuses. Scientific American. 259:1988;92-99.
25. Koretz J.F., Handelman G.H., Brown N.P. Analysis of human crystalline lens curvature as a function of accommodative state and age. Vision Research. 24:1984;1141-1151.
26. Koretz J.F., Kaufman P.L., Neider M.W., Goeckner P.A. Accommodation and presbyopia in the human eye-aging of the anterior segment. Vision Research. 29:1989;1685-1692.
27. Krag S., Olsen T., Andreassen T.T. Biomechanical characteristics of the human anterior lens capsule in relation to age. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 38:1997;357-363.
28. Larsen J.S. The sagittal growth of the eye. I. Ultrasonic measurement of the depth of the anterior chamber from birth to puberty. Acta Ophthalmologica. 49:1971;139-262.
29. Larsen J.S. The sagittal growth of the eye. II. Ultrasonic measurement of the lens and anterior segment from birth to puberty. Acta Ophthalmologica. 49:1971;427-440.
30. Larsen J.S. The sagittal growth of the eye. III. Ultrasonic measurement of the posterior segment (axial length of the vitreous) from birth to puberty. Acta Ophthalmologica. 49:1971;441-453.
31. Lowe R.F., Clarke B.A.J. Radius of curvature of the anterior lens surface: correlations in normal eyes and in eyes involved with primary angle-closure glaucoma. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 57:1973;471-474.
32. Mutti D.O., Zadnik K., Adams A.J. A video technique for phakometry of the human crystalline lens. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 33:1992;1771-1782.
33. Mutti D.O., Zadnik K., Adams A.J. The equivalent refractive index of the crystalline lens in childhood. Vision Research. 35:1995;1565-1573.
34. Mutti D.O., Zadnik K., Fusaro R.E., Friedman N.E., Sholtz R.I., Adams A.J. Optical and structural development of the crystalline lens in childhood. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 39:1998;120-133.
35. Nordmann J., Mack G., Mack G. Nucleus of the human lens III. Its separation, its hardness. Ophthalmic Research. 6:1974;216-222.
36. Ooi C.S., Grosvenor T. Mechanism of emmetropization in the aging eye. Optometry and Vision Science. 72:1995;60-66.
37. Pau H., Kranz J. The increasing sclerosis of the human lens with age and its relevance to accommodation and presbyopia. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 229:1991;294-296.
38. Pierscionek B.K. Presbyopia-effect of refractive index. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 73:1990;23-30.
39. Pierscionek B.K. What we know and understand about presbyopia. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 76:1993a;83-90.
40. Pierscionek B.K. In vitro alteration of human lens curvatures by radial stretching. Experimental Eye Research. 37:1993b;629-635.
41. Pierscionek B.K. Age-related response of human lenses to stretching forces. Experimental Eye Research. 60:1995;325-332.
42. Pierscionek B.K. Refractive index contours in the human lens. Experimental Eye Research. 64:1997;887-893.
43. Pierscionek B.K., Augusteyn R.C. Shapes and dimensions of in vitro human lenses. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 74:1991;223-228.
44. Pierscionek B.K., Weale R.A. Presbyopia - a maverick of human aging. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 20:1995;229-240.
45. Saunders H. Age-dependence of human refractive errors. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 1:1981;159-174.
46. Saunders H. Corneal power and visual error. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 2:1982;37-45.
47. Scammon R.E., Hesdorffer M.B. Growth in mass and volume of the human lens in postnatal life. Archives of Ophthalmology. 17:1937;104-112.
48. Schachar R.A., Black T.D., Kash R.L., Cudmore D.P., Schanzlin D.J. The mechanism of accommodation and presbyopia in the primate. Annals of Ophthalmology. 27:1995;58-67.
49. Slataper F.J. Age norms of refraction and vision. Archives of Ophthalmology. 43:1950;466-481.
50. Smith G., Atchison D.A., Pierscionek B.K. Modeling the power of the aging human eye. Journal of the Optical Society of America. 9:1992;2111-2117.
51. Sorsby, A., Benjamin, B., Davey, J. B., Sheridan, M., & Tanner, J. M. (1957). Emmetropia and its aberrations. Medical Research Council Special Report Series, 293, London: HMSO.
52. Sorsby, A., Benjamin, B., & Sheridan, M. (1961). Refraction and its components during the growth of the eye from the age of three. Medical Research Council Special Report Series, 301, London: HMSO.
53. Willekens B., Kappelhof J., Vresen G. Morphology of the aging human lens. Lens Research. 4:1987;207-230.
54. Weale R.A. The lens. In the aging eye. 1963;69-102 Harper and Row, New York.
55. Weale R.A. New light on old eyes. Nature. 198:1963;944-946.
56. Weale R.A. Transparency and power of post-mortem human lenses: variation with age and sex. Experimental Eye Research. 36:1983;731-741.
57. Weale R.A. The post-mortem preservation of the transmissivity of the human crystalline lens. Experimental Eye Research. 41:1985;655-659.
58. Weale R. Presbyopia towards the end of the 20th century. Survey of Ophthalmology. 34:1989;15-30.
59. Weerheim J.A., Sivak J.G. Scanning laser measure of the optical quality of the cultured crystalline lens. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 12:1992;72-79.
60. Wood I.C.J., Mutti D.O., Zadnik K. Crystalline lens parameters in infancy. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 16:1996;310-317.
61. Wyatt H.J., Fisher R.F. A simple view of age-related changes in the shape of the lens of the human eye. Eye. 9:1995;772-775.
62. Zadnik K., Mutti D.O., Fusaro R.E., Adams A.J. Longitudinal evidence of crystalline lens thinning in children. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 36:1995;1581-1587.