Diabetes mellitus and medicinal plants-a review

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease

Volumn 4, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 337-347

  Surya, Surendran ^a   Salam, Abdul Dhaliya ^a   Tomy, Dawn Vallikattukuzhiyil ^a   Carla, Betty ^a   Kumar, Ravindrakurup Arun ^a   Sunil, Christudas ^a  

^a St Joseph College of Pharmacy   (India)

Author keywords

Diabetes mellitus; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Medicinal plants

Indexed keywords

ACARBOSE; ADIPOCYTOKINE; EXENDIN 4; FATTY ACID; HERBACEOUS AGENT; INSULIN; MEGLITINIDE; METFORMIN; MIGLITOL; PIOGLITAZONE; PRAMLINTIDE; ROSIGLITAZONE; SULFONYLUREA;

ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; DIABETIC MICROANGIOPATHY; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FATTY ACID BLOOD LEVEL; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GLUCOSURIA; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; KETONURIA; MEDICINAL PLANT; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONKETOTIC DIABETIC COMA; NUTRITION; OBESITY; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; URINALYSIS;

EID: 84899564928     PISSN: 22221808     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60585-5     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Genuth S, Alberti KG, Bennett P, Buse J, Defronzo R, Kahn R, et al. Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:3160-3167.
2. American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2009, 32(Suppl 1):S62-S67.
3. Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G Rang and Dale's pharmacology 2012, 377. Churchill Livingstone, London. 7th ed.
4. Mohan H Textbook of pathology 2005, 842. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 5th ed.
5. Mohan H Textbook of pathology 2005, 848. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 5th ed.
6. Tripathi KD Essentials of medical pharmacology 2008, 263-265. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 6th ed.
7. Boon NA, Colledge NR, Walker BR, Hunter J Davidson's principles and practice of medicine 2006, 821-835. Churchill Livingstone, London. 20th ed.
8. Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G Rang and Dale's pharmacology 2012, 378. Churchill Livingstone, London. 7th ed.
9. Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM Williams textbook of endocrinology 2012, 1371-1435. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 12th ed.
10. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:1047-1053.
11. Adeqhate E, Schattner P, Dunn E An update on the etiology and epidemiology of diabetes mellitus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 1084:1-29.
12. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2002, 25(Suppl 1):S5-S20.
13. Mealey BL Diabetes mellitus and oral diseases. American Medical Network. [Online] [Accessed on 15th April, 2014]. http://www.health.am/db/diabetes-mellitus-and-oral-health/.
14. Wells BG, Dipiro JT, Schwinghammer TL, Dipiro CV Pharmacotherapy principles and practice 2008, 645. The McGraw Hill Companies, New York. 7th ed.
15. Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas A Robbins & Cotran pathological basics of disease 2004, 1190-1191. Saunders, Philadelphia. 7 th ed.
16. Pittas AG, Greenberg AS Contemporary diagnosis and management of diabetes 2003, Handbooks in Health Care Co., Newtown.
17. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003, 26(1):S5-S20.
18. Mohan H Textbook of pathology 2005, 844. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 5th ed.
19. Mathis D, Vence L, Benocit C Beta cell death during progression to diabetes. Nature 2001, 414:792-798.
20. Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas A Robbins & Cotran pathological basics of disease 2004, 1193-1194. Saunders, Philadelphia. 7 th ed.
21. Pietropaolo M, Eisenbarth GS Autoantibodies in human diabetes. Curr Dir Autoimmun 2001, 4:252-282.
22. Mohan H Textbook of pathology 2005, 845. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 5th ed.
23. Greene RJ, Harris ND Pathology and therapeutics for pharmacists: a basis for clinical pharmacy practice 2008, Pharmaceutical Press, London. 3rd ed.
24. Todd JA, Wicker LS Genetic protection from the inflammatory disease type 1diabetes in humans and animal models. Immunity 2001, 15(3):387-395.
25. Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas A Robbins & Cotran pathological basics of disease 2004, 1194. Saunders, Philadelphia. 7 th ed.
26. Jaeckel E, Manns M, Von Herrath M Viruses and diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002, 958:7-25.
27. Mohan H Textbook of pathology 2005, 846. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 5th ed.
28. Wells BG, Dipiro JT, Schwinghammer TL, Dipiro CV Pharmacotherapy principles and practice 2008, 646. The McGraw Hill Companies, New York. 7th ed.
29. Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas A Robbins & Cotran pathological basics of disease 2004, 1195. Saunders, Philadelphia. 7 th ed.
30. Elbein SC Perspective: the search for genes for type 2 diabetes in the post genome era. Endocrinology 2002, 143:2012-2018.
31. Mohan H Textbook of pathology 2005, 847. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 5th ed.
32. Saltiel AR Series introduction: the molecular and physiological basis of insulin resistance:emerging implications for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. J Clin Invest 2000, 106:163-164.
33. Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas A Robbins & Cotran pathological basics of disease 2004, 1196. Saunders, Philadelphia. 7 th ed.
34. Kahn BB, Flier JS Obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2000, 106:473-481.
35. Shulman GI Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2000, 106:171-176.
36. Saltiel AR You are what you secrete. Nat Med 2001, 7:887-888.
37. Steyn NP, Mann J, Bennet PH, Temple N, Zimmet P, Tumilehto J, et al. Diet, nutrition and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Public Health Nutr 2004, 7:147-165.
38. Caro JF, Dohm LG, Pories WJ, Sinha MK Cellular alterations in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue responsible for insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev 1989, 5:665-689.
39. Krotkiewski M, Lönnroth P, Mandroukas K, Wroblewski Z, Rebuffé-Scrive M, Holm G, et al. The effects of physical training on insulin secretion and effectiveness and on glucose metabolism in obesity and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1985, 28:881-890.
40. Mourier A, Gautier JF, De Kerviler E, Bigard AX, Villette JM, Garnier JP, et al. Mobilization of visceral adipose tissue related to the improvement in insulin sensitivity in response to physical training in NIDDM. Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplements. Diabetes Care 1997, 20:385-391.
41. Wells BG, Dipiro JT, Schwinghammer TL, Dipiro CV Pharmacotherapy principles and practice 2008, 647. The McGraw Hill Companies, New York. 7th ed.
42. Park K Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 2009, 341-345. M/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, Jabalpur. 20th ed.
43. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse Diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes. Bethesda: National Diabetes Information Clearing House. [Online] [Accessed on 16th April, 2014]. http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/diagnosis/.
44. Selvin E, Steffes MW, Zhu H, Matsushita K, Wagenknecht L, Pankow J, et al. Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults. N Engl J Med 2010, 362:800-811.
45. Cooke DW, Plotnick L Type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatrics. Pediatr Rev 2008, 29:374-384.
46. Mohan H Textbook of pathology 2005, 851-852. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 5th ed.
47. Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:1335-1343.
48. Ennis ED, Stahl EJ, Kreisberg RA The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Diabetes Rev 1994, 2:115-126.
49. Delaney MF, Zisman A, Kettyle WM Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2000, 29:683-705.
50. Kitabchi AE, Fisher JN, Murphy MB, Rumbak MJ Diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic state. Joslin's diabetes mellitus 1994, 738-770. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. 13th ed. C.R. Kahn, G.C. Weir (Eds.).
51. Scott A The management of the hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) in adults with diabetes 2012, Diabetes UK, London, [Online], [Accessed on 16th April, 2014]. https://www.diabetes.org.uk/About_us/What-we-say/Improving-diabetes-healthcare/Management-of-the-hyperosmolar-hyperglycaemic-state-HHS-in-adults-with-diabetes/.
52. Cryer PE, Axelrod L, Grossman AB, Heller SR, Montori VM, Seaquist ER, et al. Evaluation and management of adult hypoglycemic disorders: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009, 94:709-728.
53. Ahmed MS, Reid E, Khardori N Respiratory infections in diabetes: reviewing the risks and challenges. J Respir Dis 2008, 29:285-293.
54. Ljubic S, Balachandran A, Pavlic-Renar I, Barada A, Metelko Z Pulmonary infections in diabetes mellitus. Diabetolgia Croatica 2004, 33(4):115-124.
55. Mealey BL Periodontal disease and diabetes. A two-way street. J Am Dent Assoc 2006, 137(Suppl 1):26S-31S.
56. Lakschevitz F, Aboodi G, Tenenbaum H, Glogauer M Diabetes and periodontal diseases: interplay and links. Curr Diabetes Rev 2011, 7:433-439.
57. Mohan H Textbook of pathology 2005, 850. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi. 5th ed.
58. Gärtner V, Eigntler TK Pathogenesis of diabetic macro and micro angiopathy. Clin Nephrol 2008, 70:1-9.
59. Parchwani DN, Upadhyah AA Diabetic nephropathy: progression and pathophysiology. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2012, 1(2):59-70.
60. Fong DS, Aiello L, Gardner TW, King GL, Blankenship G, Cavallerano JD, et al. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2003, 26(Suppl 1):S99-S102.
61. Boulton AJ, Vinik AI, Arezzo JC, Bril V, Feldman EL, Freeman R, et al. Diabetic neuropathies: a statement by American diabetes association. Diabetes Care 2005, 28:956-962.
62. Grundy SM Diet therapy in diabetes mellitus: is there a single best diet?. Diabetes Care 1991, 14:796-801.
63. Colberg SR, Grieco CR Exercise in the treatment and prevention of diabetes. Curr Sports Med Rep 2009, 8(4):169-175.
64. Lebovitz HE Insulin secretagogues: sulfonylureas, meglitinides, and phenylalanine derivatives 2004, 1108-1118. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 3rd ed.
65. Groop LC, Ratheiser K, Luzi L, Melander A, Simonson DC, Petrides A, et al. Effect of sulphonylureas on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in healthy and non-insulin-dependent diabetes subjects: a dose response study. Acta Diabetol 1991, 28:162-168.
66. Barar FS Essentials of pharmacotherapeutics 2005, 346. S. Chand and Company Ltd, New Delhi. 3rd ed.
67. Katzung BG Basic and clinical pharmacology 2007, 696. The McGraw Hill Companies, New York. 10th ed.
68. Smith DG, Aronson JK Oxford textbook of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy 2002, 324. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 3rd ed.
69. Barar FS Essentials of pharmacotherapeutics 2005, 347. S. Chand and Company Ltd, New Delhi. 3rd ed.
70. Sharma HL, Sharma KK Principles of pharmacology 2011, 638. Paras Medical Publisher, Hyderabad. 2nd ed.
71. Katzung BG Basic and clinical pharmacology 2007, 698-702. The McGraw Hill Companies, New York. 10th ed.
72. van de Laar FA Alpha glucosidase inhibitor in the early treatment of type 2 diabetes. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2008, 4:1189-1195.
73. Spiegelman BM PPAR-gamma: adipogenic regulator and thiazolidinedione receptor. Diabetes 1998, 47:507-514.
74. Lehman JM, Moore LB, Smith-Oliver TA, Wilkison WO, Willson TM, Kliewer SA An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). J Biol Chem 1995, 270:12953-12956.
75. Wells BG, Dipiro JT, Schwinghammer TL, Dipiro CV Pharmacotherapy principles and practice 2008, 657. The McGraw Hill Companies, New York. 7th ed.
76. Sharma HL, Sharma KK Principles of pharmacology 2011, 639-640. Paras Medical Publisher, Hyderabad. 2nd ed.
77. Boon NA, Colledge NR, Walker BR, Hunter J Davidson's principles and practice of medicine 2006, 834. Churchill Livingstone, London. 20th ed.
78. Madison Clinic Guidelines on diabetes: diagnosis and management 2009, Madison Clinic, Seattle, [Online], [Accessed on 16th April, 2014]. http://depts.washington.edu/madclin/providers/guidelines/diabetes.html.
79. Barar FS Essentials of pharmacotherapeutics 2005, 340-342. S. Chand and Company Ltd, New Delhi. 3rd ed.
80. Kalia AN A textbook of industrial pharmacognosy 2005, 1-9. CBS Publishers & Distributers, New Delhi. 1st ed.
81. Yirga G, Teferi M, Kasaye M Survey of medicinal plants used to treat human ailments in Hawzen district, Northern Ethiopia. Int J Biodvers Conserv 2011, 3(13):709-714.
82. Lakshmi SM, Rani SK, Reddy UK A review on diabetes mellitus and the herbal plants used for its treatment. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012, 5:15-21.
83. Chatterje I, Chakravarty AK, Gomesa A Daboia russellii and Naja kaouthia venom neutralization by lupeol acetate isolated from the root extract of Indian sarsaparilla Hemidesmus indicus R. Br J Ethnopharmacol 2006, 106:38-43.
84. Handa SS, Kapoor VK Textbook of pharmacognosy 2003, 3-8. Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi. 2nd ed.
85. Prabhakar PK, Doble M Mechanism of action of natural products used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Chin J Integr Med 2011, 17(8):563-574.
86. Dewanjee S, Das AK, Sahu R, Gangopadhyay M Antidiabetic activity of Diospyros peregrina fruit: effect on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and augmented oxidative stress in experimental type 2 diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2009, 47:2679-2685.
87. Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL Herbal remedies in the management of diabetes: lessons learned from the study of ginseng. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005, 15:149-160.
88. Yasir M, Prateek Jain D, Kharya MD Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of different extracts of acacia arabica lamk bark in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Inter J Phytomed 2010, 2:133-138.
89. Jarald E, Joshi SB, Jain DC Biochemical study on the hypoglycaemic effects of extract and fraction of Acacia catechu willd in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int J Diabetes Metabolism 2009, 17:63-69.
90. Rajasekaran R, Satishsekar D Therapeutic evaluation of aloe vera leaf gel extract on glycoprotein components in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. J Pharmacol Toxicol 2007, 2:380-385.
91. Arumugam S, Kavimani S, Kadalmanic B, Ahmed AB, Akbarsha MA, Rao MV Antidiabetic activity of leaf and callus extracts of Aegle marmelos in rabbit. ScienceAsia 2008, 34:317-321.
92. Appia Krishnan G, Rai VK, Nandy BC, Meena KC, Dey S, Tyagi PK, et al. Hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidaemic effect of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Aerva lanata Linn. in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res 2009, 1:191-194.
93. Raj N, Nadeem S, Jain S, Raj C, Prithwish Nandi KC Ameliorative effects of Alpinia calcarata in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Dig J Nanomater Bios 2011, 6:991-997.
94. Patil P, Patil S, Mane A, Verma S Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) root bark. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2013, 3:142-146.
95. Eidi A, Eidi M, Esmaeili E Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 2006, 13:624-629.
96. Tomar RS, Sisodia S Antidiabetic activity of Annona squamosa L. in experimental induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Biol Arch 2012, 3:1492-1495.
97. Syiem D, Khup PZ, Syiem AB Evaluation of anti-diabetic potential of Albizzia lebbek bark in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Pharmacologyonline 2008, 3:563-573.
98. Agrawal NK, Gupta U Evaluation of hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of Acacia tortilis seed extract in normal and diabetic rats. Inter J PharmTech Res 2013, 5:330-336.
99. Chhetree RR, Dash GK, Mondal S, Acharyya S Studies on the hypoglycaemic activity of Aconitum napellus L. roots. Drug Invention Today 2010, 2:343-346.
100. Rao NK Anti-hyperglycemic and renal protective activities of Andrographis paniculata roots chloroform extract. Iran J Pharmacol Therap 2006, 5:47-50.
101. Vadivelan R, Dipanjan M, Umasankar P, Dhanabal SP, Satishkumar MN, Antony S, et al. Hypoglycemic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of Asparagus racemosus on streptozotocin-induced diabetic in rats. Adv Appl Sci Res 2011, 2:179-185.
102. El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, Abou El-Naga NI Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects of onion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2005, 43:57-63.
103. Mohana Rupa L, Mohan K Hypoglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of Benincasa hispida in rabbits. Inter Ayur Med J 2013, 1:1-5.
104. Senthilkumar MK, Sivakumar P, Changanakkattil F, Rajesh V, Perumal P Evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Inter J Pharm Sci Drug Res 2011, 3:208-210.
105. Thirumalai T, Therasa SV, Elumalai E, David E Hypoglycemic effect of Brassica juncea (seeds) on streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino rat. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011, 1:323-325.
106. Nalamolu RK, Boini KM, Nammi S Effect of chronic administration of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. leaf extract on experimental diabetes in rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2004, 3:305-309.
107. Kwon Y, Apostolidis E, Shetty K Evaluation of pepper (Capsicum annuum) for management of diabetes and hypertension. J Food Biochem 2007, 31:370-385.
108. Vega-Avila E, Cano-Velasco JL, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Fajardo Ortíz MC, Almanza-Perez JC, Roman-Ramos R Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extracts from Catharanthus roseus. Evid Based Complement Alter Med 2012, 10.1155/2012/934258.
109. Chauhan PK, Pandey IP, Dhatwalia VK Evaluation of the anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Centella asiatica leaves extract on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Adv Biol Res 2010, 4:27-30.
110. Gunjan M, Jana GK, Jha AK, Mishra U Pharmacognostic and antihyperglycemic study of Coccinia indica. Inter J Phytomed 2010, 2:36-40.
111. Ghosh S, Roy T Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Coccinia indica leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2013, 4:4325-4328.
112. Tirgar PR, Shah KV, Patel VP, Desai TR, Goyal RK Investigation into mechanism of action of anti-diabetic activity of Emblica officinalis on streptozotocin induced type I diabetic rat. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2010, 1(4):672-682.
113. Sridhar SB, Sheetal UD, Pai MR, Shastri MS Preclinical evaluation of the antidiabeticeffect of Eugenia jambolana seed powderin streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005, 38:463-468.
114. Choudhary S, Pathak AK, Khare S, Kushwah S Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of leaves and fruits of Ficus religiosa Linn. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2011, 2:1325-1327.
115. Parveen A, Irfan M, Mohammad F Antihyperglycemic activity in Grewia asiatica, a comparative investigation. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012, 4:210-213.
116. Verma N, Shakya VK, Saxena RC Antidiabetic activity of glycoside isolated from Gymnema sylvestre in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian J Chem 2008, 20(7):5033-5036.
117. Danmalam UH, Abdullahi LM, Agunu A, Musa KY Acute toxicity studies and hypoglycemic activity of the methanol extract of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens Poit. (lamiaceae). Niger J Pharm Sci 2009, 8:87-92.
118. Mishra SB, Vijayakumar M, Ojha SK, Verma A Antidiabetic effect of Jatropha curcas L. leaves extract in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Sci 2010, 2:482-487.
119. Sutar NG, Sutar UN, Behera BC Antidiabetic activity of the leaves of Mimosa pudica Linn. in albino rats. J Herbal Med Toxicol 2009, 3:123-126.
120. Jaiswal D, Kumar Rai P, Kumar A, Mehta S, Watal G Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves aqueous extract therapyon hyperglycemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009, 123:392-396.
121. Ahmed SM, Vrushabendra Swamy BM, Gopkumar P, Dhanapal R, Chandrashekara VM Anti-diabetic activity of Terminalia catappa Linn. leaf extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Iran J Pharmacol Therap 2005, 4:36-39.
122. Stanely P, Prince M, Menon VP Hypoglycaemic and other related actions of Tinospora cordifolia roots in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2000, 70:9-15.
123. Farook SM, Atlee CW Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of Tragia involucrata Linn. in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type II diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011, 3:103-109.