Conceptual model of leachate migration in a granular aquifer derived from the integration of multi-source characterization data (St-Lambert, Canada);Modèle conceptuel de la migration d'un lixiviat dans un aquifère poreux, intégrant des données de caractérisation provenant de sources multiples (St-Lambert, Canada)

Hydrogeology Journal

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 587-608

  Tremblay, Laurie ^a   Lefebvre, René ^a   Paradis, Daniel ^b   Gloaguen, Erwan ^a  

^a CENTRE EAU TERRE ENVIRONNEMENT   (Canada)

^b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Canada; Conceptual model; Data integration; Granular aquifer; Heterogeneity characterization

Indexed keywords

AQUIFER; DATA ACQUISITION; FIELD METHOD; GEOSTATISTICS; GROUNDWATER POLLUTION; HETEROGENEITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; LANDFILL; LEACHATE; NUMERICAL MODEL; PLUME; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; WATERSHED;

CANADA; QUEBEC [CANADA]; SAINT LAMBERT DE LAUZON;

EID: 84899526246     PISSN: 14312174     EISSN: 14350157     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10040-013-1065-1     Document Type: Article

References (136)

1. Acworth RI, Jorstad LB (2006) Integration of multi-channel piezometry and electrical tomography to better define chemical heterogeneity in a landfill leachate plume within a sand aquifer. J Contam Hydrol 83: 200-220.
2. Allen-King RM, George SS, Kaliniviv I et al (2010) Characterizing heterogeneity in sedimentary aquifers for reactive transport prediction using sedimentary architecture. Geol Soc Am Abstr Prog 42(5): 41.
3. American Society for testing and Material (ASTM) (2000) Standard Test Method for performing electronic friction cone and piezocone penetration test of soils. Annual book of ASTM standards D5578-95 (Reapproved 2000). ASTM Int., West Conshohocken, PA.
4. American Society for testing and Material (ASTM) (2004) D6724: standard guide for installation of direct push ground water monitoring wells. 9, ASTM Int., West Conshohocken, PA.
5. Anderson MP, McCray J (2011) Forwards: lessons learned about contaminant hydrogeology from legacy research sites. Ground Water 49(5): 617-619.
6. Appelo CAJ, Postma D (2005) Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution. Balkema, Amsterdam.
7. Arnold JG, Allen PM (1999) Automated methods for estimating baseflow and ground water recharge from streamflow records. J Am Water Resour Assoc 35(2): 411-424.
8. Bélanger C, Gloaguen E, Giroux B, Lefebvre R (2010) GPR, ERT and CPT data integration for high resolution aquifer modeling. IEEE Catalog Number CFP10538, GPR 2010, XIII International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, June 21-25, 2010, Lecce, Italy, 6 pp.
9. Berg SJ, Illman WA (2013) Field study of subsurface heterogeneity with steady-state hydraulic tomography. Ground Water 51(1): 29-40.
10. Bianchi JC, Farrington SP (2001) Direct-push monitoring point assessment. AFRL-ML-TY-TP-2000-4535, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH.
11. Bjerg PL, Albrechtsen HJ, Kjeldsen P et al (2003) The groundwater geochemistry of waste disposal facilities. Treatise Geochem 9: 579-612.
12. Bjerg PL, Tuxen N, Reitzel LA et al (2011) Natural attenuation processes in landfill leachate plumes at three Danish sites. Ground Water 49(5): 688-705.
13. Blouin M, Martel R, Gloaguen E (2013) Accounting for aquifer heterogeneity from geological data to management tools. Ground Water. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-6584. 2012. 00982. x.
14. Bolduc A (2003) Géologie des formations superficielles, Charny, Québec [Geology of surficial formations of the Charny area, Canada]. Dossier public 1976, échelle 1/50000, Commission Géologique du Canada, Quebec.
15. Brauchler R, Doetsch J, Dietrich P et al (2012) Derivation of site-specific relationships between hydraulic parameters and p-wave velocities based on hydraulic and seismic tomography. Water Resour Res. doi: 10. 1029/2011WR010868.
16. Bredehoeft J (2007) It is discharge. Ground Water 45(5): 523.
17. Bredehoeft JD, Konikow (2012) Ground-water models: validate or invalidate. Ground Water 50(4): 493-495.
18. Brunet P, Paradis D, Lefebvre R et al (2012) Using CPT and multi-level piezometric data to assess aquifer heterogeneity at the sub-watershed scale. Paper 844, 39th IAH Congress, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, September 16-21, 2012.
19. Butler JJ Jr (1998) The design, performance, and analysis of slug tests. CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
20. Butt TE, Lockley E, Oduyemi KOK (2008) Risk assessment of landfill disposal sites: state of the art. Waste Manage 28: 952-964.
21. Caers J (2005) Petroleum geostatistics. Soc Petrol Eng, Richardson, TX.
22. Carle SF, Esser BK, Moran JE (2006) High-resolution simulation of basin-scale nitrate transport considering aquifer system heterogeneity. Geosphere 2(4): 195-209.
23. Carrier M-A, Lefebvre R, Rivard C et al (2013) Portrait des ressources en eau souterraine en Montérégie Est, Québec, Canada [Final report on the integrated regional characterization of the Montérégie Est aquifer system, Quebec, Canada]. INRS research report R-1412, INRS, Quebec.
24. Christensen TH, Kjeldsen P, Albrechtsen HJ et al (1994) Attenuation of landfill leachate pollutants in aquifers. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 24(2): 119-202.
25. Christensen TH, Kjeldsen P, Bjerg PL et al (2001) Biogeochemistry of landfill leachate plumes. Appl Geochem 16(7-8): 659-718.
26. Clément R, Descloitres M, Günter T et al (2010) Improvement of electrical resistivity tomography for leachate injection monitoring. Waste Manage 30: 452-464.
27. Cozzarelli IM, Bhlke JK, Masoner J et al (2011) Biogeochemical evolution of a landfill leachate plume, Norman, Oklahoma. Ground Water 49(5): 663-687.
28. Crumbling DM, Griffith J, Powell DM (2003) Improving decision quality: making the case for adopting next generation site characterization practices. Remediation 13(2): 91-111.
29. Dafflon B, Irving J, Holliger K (2009) Simulated-annealing-based conditional simulation for the local-scale characterization of heterogeneous aquifers. J Appl Geophys 68(1): 60-70.
30. Daugherty SJ, Ellis P, Evanson T et al (2004) Monitored natural attenuation forum: a panel discussion. Remediation 15(1): 113-132.
31. Davis JC (2000) Statistics and data analysis in geology. Wiley, New York.
32. de Marsily GH, Delay F, Gonçavès J et al (2005) Dealing with spatial heterogeneity. Hydrogeol J 13: 161-183.
33. Dogan M, Remke LVD, Bohling GC et al (2011) Hydrostratigraphic analysis of the MADE with full-resolution GPR and direct-push hydraulic profiling. Geophys Res Lett. doi: 10. 1029/2010GL046439.
34. European Community (EC) (1999) Landfill directive (99/31/EC). EC, Brussels.
35. European Community (EC) (2000) Water framework directive (2000/60/EC). EC, Brussels.
36. Edmunds WM (2009) Geochemistry's vital contribution to solving water resource problems. Appl Geochem 24: 1058-1073.
37. Engdahl NB, Weissmann GS (2010) Anisotropic transport rates in heterogeneous porous media. Water Resour Res. doi: 10. 1029/2009WR007910.
38. Engdahl NB, Weissmann GS, Bonal ND (2010) An integrated approach to shallow aquifer characterization: combining geophysics and geostatistics. Comput Geosci 14: 217-229.
39. Environment Agency (EA) (1999) Internal guidance on the interpretation and application of regulation 15 of the waste management licensing regulations 1994 (The protection of groundwater with respect to landfill). Environment Agency, Rotherham, UK.
40. Environment Agency (EA) (2003) Hydrogeological risk assessments for landfill and the derivation of groundwater control and trigger levels. https://consult. environment-agency. gov. uk/file/1120139. Accessed in June 2013.
41. ESRI (2008) ArcGIS 9, ArcMap 9. 3 Arc GIS Desktop Help. ESRI, Toronto.
42. Fauveau É (2006) Caractérisation hydrogéologique et identification de faciès des dépôts meubles par enfoncement direct et rotopercussion [Hydrogeological characterization of unconsolidated sediments with direct-push and rotopercussion soundings], Mémoire de maîtrise, INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement, Québec.
43. Fauveau É, Lefebvre R, Ballard JM et al (2005) Examples of hydrogeological characterization of unconsolidated sediments with direct push and rotopercussion technologies. Paper 565, Proceedings, 58th Canadian Geotechnical Conference and 6th Joint CGS/IAH Conference, Saskatoon, Canada, October 2005, Session 11EA, 8 pp.
44. Fellenius BH, Eslami A (2000) Soil profile interpreted from CPTu data. "Year 2000 Geotechnics" Geotechnical Engineering Conference, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, November 27-30, 2000.
45. Fleckenstein JH, Fogg GE (2008) Efficient upscaling of hydraulic conductivity in heterogeneous alluvial aquifers. Hydrogeol J 16: 1239-1250.
46. Fleckenstein JH, Krause S, Hannah DM et al (2010) Groundwater-surface interactions: new methods and models to improve understanding of processes and dynamics. Adv Water Resour 33: 1291-1295.
47. Fogg GE, Noyes CD, Carle SF (1998) Geologically based model of heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity in alluvial setting. Hydrogeol J 6: 131-143.
48. Frei S, Fleckenstein JH, Kollet SJ et al (2009) Patterns and dynamics of river-aquifer exchange with variably-saturated flow using a fully-coupled model. J Hydrol 375: 383-393.
49. Frei S, Lischeid G, Fleckenstein JH (2010) Effects of micro-topography on surface-subsurface exchange and runoff generation in a virtual riparian wetland: a modeling study. Adv Water Resour 33: 1388-1401.
50. Frind EO, Molson JW, Rudolph DL (2006) Well vulnerability: a quantitative approach for source water protection. Ground Water 44(5): 732-742.
51. Gauthier and Guillemette Consultant Inc., Dessau Environnement Limitée et Serrener Consultation Inc (1993) Bilan et mesures d'intervention lieu d'enfouissement sanitaire des Chutes-de-la-Chaudière [Report on the hydrogeological conditions and intervention measures at the decommissioned landfill of Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon]. Report presented to Comité intermunicipal d'enfouissement sanitaire Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière. Gauthier and Guillemette, Laval, QC.
52. Gazoty A, Fiandaca G, Pedersen J et al (2012) Application of time domain induced polarization to the mapping of lithotypes in a landfill site. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 16: 1793-1804.
53. Gerber RE, Boyce JI, Howard K (2001) Evaluation of heterogeneity and field-scale groundwater flow regime in a leaky till aquitard. Hydrogeol J 9: 60-78.
54. Gilfedder M, Rassam DW, Stenson MP et al (2012) Incorporating land-use changes and surface-groundwater interaction in a simple catchment water yield model. Environ Model Softw 38: 62-73.
55. Gloaguen E, Lefebvre R, Ballard J-M et al (2012) Inference of the two dimensional GPR velocity field using collocated cokriging of direct push permittivity and conductivity logs and GPR profiles. J Appl Geophys 78: 94-101.
56. Glynn PD, Plummer LN (2005) Geochemistry and the understanding of groundwater systems. Hydrogeol J 13: 263-287.
57. Goode DJ (1996) Direct simulation of groundwater age. Water Res Res 32(2): 289-296.
58. Goovaerts P (1997) Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation. Oxford University Press, New York.
59. Gutierrez-Neri M, Ham PAS, Schottings RJ et al (2009) Analytical modelling of fringe and core biodegradation in groundwater plumes. J Contam Hydrol 107: 1-9.
60. Healy RW (2010) Estimating groundwater recharge. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
61. Healy RW, Cook PG (2002) Using groundwater levels to estimate recharge. Hydrol J 10: 91-109.
62. Hofmann T, Darsow A, Gröning M et al (2010) Direct-push profiling of isotopic and hydrogeochemical vertical gradients. J Hydrol 385: 84-94.
63. Hounslow AW (1995) Water quality data: analysis and interpretation. CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
64. Illman WA, Liu X, Craig A (2007) Steady-state hydraulic tomography in a laboratory aquifer with deterministic heterogeneity: multi-method and multiscale validation of hydraulic conductivity tomograms. J Hydrol 341: 222-234.
65. Illman WA, Craig A, Liu X (2008) Practical issues in imaging hydraulic conductivity through hydraulic tomography. Ground Water 46(1): 120-132.
66. Illman WA, Zhu J, Craig AJ et al (2010) Comparison of aquifer characterization approaches through steady state groundwater model validation: a controlled laboratory sandbox study. Water Resour Res. doi: 10. 1029/2009WR007745.
67. Janković I, Fiori A, Dagan G (2009) The impact on local diffusion on longitudinal macrodispersivity and its major effect upon anomalous transport in highly heterogeneous aquifers. Adv Water Resour 32: 659-669.
68. Kim K, Anderson MP, Bowser CJ (2000) Enhanced dispersion in groundwater caused by temporal changes in recharge rate and lake levels. Adv Water Resour 23: 625-635.
69. Kjeldsen P, Barlaz MA, Rooke AP et al (2002) Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 32(4): 297-336.
70. Kollet SJ, Maxwell RM (2006) Integrated surface-groundwater flow modeling: a free-surface overland flow boundary condition in a parallel groundwater flow model. Adv Water Resour 29: 945-958.
71. Konikow LF (2010) The secret to successful solute-transport modeling. Ground Water 49(2): 144-159.
72. Laplante L (1962) Étude pédologique du compté de Lévis [Pedological study of the Levis region]. Rapport 33, IRDA, Deschambault, QC.
73. Lee MD, Miller R, Evanson T et al (2003) Monitored natural attenuation forum: a panel discussion. Remediation 13(4): 111-119.
74. Lefebvre R, Rivard C, Carrier MA et al (2011) Integrated regional characterization of the Montérégie Est aquifer system, Quebec, Canada. Paper 2332, Geohydro2011, Joint IAH-CNC, CANQUA and AHQ conference, Quebec City, Canada, August 28-31, 2011.
75. Lorah MM, Cozzarelli IM, Böhlke JK (2009) Biochemistry at a wetland sediment-alluvial aquifer interface in a landfill leachate plume. J Contam Hydrol 105: 99-117.
76. Lunne T, Robertson PK, Powell JJM (1997) Cone penetration testing in geotechnical practice. Spon, New York.
77. Maier U, Grathwohl P (2006) Numerical experiments and field results on size of steady state plumes. J Contam Hydrol 85(1-2): 33-52.
78. Mariethoz G, Renard P, Cornaton F et al (2009) Truncated plurigaussian simulations to characterize aquifer heterogeneity. Ground Water 47(1): 13-24.
79. Maxwell RM, Carle SF, Tompson AFB (2008) Contamination risk, and heterogeneity: on the effectiveness of aquifer remediation. Environ Geol 54: 1771-1786.
80. Mayo AL (2010) Ambient well-bore mixing, aquifer cross-contamination, pumping stress, and water quality from long screened wells: what is sampled and what is not? Hydrogeol J 18: 823-837.
81. Meyer JR, Parker BL, Cherry JA (2008) Detailed hydraulic head profiles as essential data for defining hydrogeologic units in layered fractured sedimentary rock. Environ Geol 56: 27-44.
82. Milosevic N, Thomsen NI, Juhler RK et al (2012) Identification of discharge zones and quantification of contaminant mass discharges into a local stream from a landfill in a heterogeneous geological setting. J Hydrol 446-447: 13-23.
83. Ministère du Développement durable de l'Environnement et des Parcs (MDDEP) (2008) Programme d'acquisition de connaissances sur les eaux souterraines du Québec: guide des conditions générales. [Quebec groundwater resources assessment program: guide on general conditions]. MDDEP, Quebec.
84. Ministère du Développement durable de l'Environnement et des Parcs (MDDEP) (2012) Règlement sur l'enfouissement et l'incinération de matière résiduelles [Provincial regulations on landfilling and incineration of residual materials]. MDDEP, Quebec. www. mddep. gouv. qc. ca/matieres/reimr. htm. Accessed in June 2013.
85. Mosey S, Knight R (2002) The construction of stochastic facies-based models conditioned to ground penetrating radar images. In: Calibration and reliability in groundwater modelling: a few steps closer to reality. (Proceedings of ModelCART: 2002, Prague, Czech Republic, 17-20 June 2002), IAHS Pub. No. 277, Heise, Hanover, Germany.
86. Murphy S, Ouellon T, Ballard JM et al (2011) Tritium-helium groundwater age used to constrain a groundwater flow model in a TCE-contaminated valley fill aquifer. Hydrogeol J 19(1): 195-207.
87. Mussett AE, Khan MA (2000) Looking into the earth: an introduction to geological geophysics. Cambridge University Press, New York.
88. Nordstrom DK (2012) Models, validation, and applied geochemistry: issues in sciences, communication and philosophy. Appl Geochem 27: 1899-1919.
89. Norris B, Siegel L, Lester S et al (2004) Monitored natural attenuation forum: a panel discussion. Remediation 14(3): 113-120.
90. Nyáry Z, Kanli AI, Stickel et al (2010) The use of non-conventional CPTe data determination of 3-D electrical resistivity distribution. J Appl Geophys 70: 255-265.
91. Ouellon T, Lefebvre R, Marcotte D et al (2008) Hydraulic conductivity heterogeneity of a local deltaic aquifer system from the kriged 3D distribution of hydrofacies from borehole logs, Valcatier, Canada. J Hydrol 351(1-2): 71-86.
92. Paradigm (2010) Gocad version (geological object computer-aided design) user manual. Paradigm, Houston, TX.
93. Paradis D, Lefebvre R (2013) Single-well interference slug tests to assess the vertical hydraulic conductivity of unconsolidated aquifers. J Hydrol 478: 102-118.
94. Paradis D, Gloaguen E, Lefebvre R et al (2008) Multivariate integration of CPTu/SMR and hydraulic conductivity measurements for the definition of hydrofacies in unconsolidated sediments. Paper 224, GeoEdmonton '08, Edmonton, AB, September 2008, pp 1470-1477.
95. Paradis D, Lefebvre R, Morin R et al (2011a) Permeability profiles in granular aquifers from flowmeter in direct push wells. Ground Water 29(4): 534-547.
96. Paradis D, Gloaguen E, Lefebvre R et al (2011b) Tying geophysics to hydrogeology: a learning machine approach to characterize heterogeneous granular aquifers. Geohydro2011, Joint IAH-CNC, CANQUA and AHQ conference, Quebec City, Canada, August 28-31.
97. Paradis D, Gloaguen E, Lefebvre R et al (2012) Transient hydraulic tomography to assess aquifer hydraulic conductivity anisotropy. 39th IAH Congress, Niagara Falls, Canada, September 16-21, 2012, poster presentation.
98. Parent M, Occhietti S (1999) Late Wisconsinian deglaciation and Champlain sea invasion in the St-Lawrence Valley, Québec. Geogr Phys Quatern 42(3): 215-246.
99. Park JK, Lee JY, Kim TD (2008) Statistical evaluation of groundwater quality around an uncontrolled landfill: implication for plume migration pathways. Geosci J 12: 265-275.
100. Perri MT, Cassiani G, Gervasio I et al (2012) A saline tracer test monitored via both surface and cross-borehole electrical resistivity tomography: comparison of time-lapse results. J Appl Geophys 79: 6-16.
101. Pugin AJM, Pullan SE, Hunter JA (2009) Multicomponent high-resolution seismic reflection profiling. Lead Edge 28(10): 1182-1265.
102. Rapti-Caputo D, Vaccaro C (2006) Geochemical evidences of landfill leachate in groundwater. Eng Geol 85: 111-121.
103. Rapti-Caputo D, Sdao F, Masi S (2006) Pollution risk assessment based on hydrogeological data and management of solid waste landfill. Eng Geol 85: 122-131.
104. Refsgaard JC, Henriksen HJ (2004) Modelling guidelines: terminology and guiding principles. Adv Water Resour 27: 71-82.
105. Régie intermunicipale de gestion des déchets des Chutes-de-la-Chaudière (RIGDCC) (2013) http://www. chaudiere. com/regie-dechets/. Accessed in June 2013.
106. Reilly TE, Plummer LN, Phillips PJ et al (1994) The use of simulation and multiple environmental tracers to quantify groundwater flow in a shallow aquifer. Water Resour Res 30: 421-433.
107. Rittman BE, Kremer F, Bekins B (2004) Monitored natural attenuation forum: a panel of discussion. Remediation 12(2): 153-158.
108. Robertson WD, Moore TA, Li L et al (2012) Natural attenuation of septic system nitrogen by anammox. Ground Water 50(4): 541-553.
109. Roy WR (1994) Groundwater contamination from municipal landfills in the USA. In: Adfraino DC, Iskandar AK, Murarka IP (eds) Contamination of groundwaters. Sciences reviews. NASA, Northwood, OH.
110. Rubin Y, Hubbard S (eds) (2005) Hydrogeophysics. Springer, New York.
111. Ruggeri P, Gloaguen E, Irving J et al (2011) Multiple-scale hydrological and geophysical data integration through non-linear Bayesian sequential simulation. Geohydro2011, IAH-CNC & CANQUA Joint Meeting, Quebec, Aug. 28-31, 2011.
112. Ruggeri P, Irving J, Gloaguen E et al (2013) Regional-scale integration of multiresolution hydrological and geophysical data using a two-step Bayesian sequential simulation approach. Geophys J Int. doi: 10. 1093/gji/ggt067.
113. Sandberg SK, Slater LD, Versteeg R (2002) An integrated geophysical investigation of the hydrogeology of an anisotropic unconfined aquifer. J Hydrol 267: 227-243.
114. Sanford W (2011) Calibration of models using groundwater age. Hydrogeol J 19: 13-16.
115. Schmelzbach C, Tronicke J, Dietrich P (2011) Three-dimensional hydrostaratigraphic models from ground-penetrating radar and direct-push data. J Hydrol 398: 235-245.
116. Sousa MR, Frind EO, Rudolph DL (2012) Dealing with uncertainty in source water protection. Paper 249, 39th IAH Congress, Niagara Falls, Canada, September 16-21, 2012.
117. Stadler S, Osenbrück K, Suckow AO et al (2010) Groundwater flow regime, recharge and regional-scale solute transport in the semi-arid Kalahari of Botswana derived from isotope hydrology and hydrochemistry. J Hydrol 388: 291-303.
118. Stephens DB (2009) Also consider the recharge. Ground Water 47(1): 2-3.
119. Sudicky EA, Illman WA (2011) Lessons learned from a suite of CBC Borden experiments. Ground Water 49: 630-648.
120. Sudicky EA, Illman WA, Goltz IK et al (2010) Heterogeneity in hydraulic conductivity and its role on the macroscale transport of a solute plume: from measurements to a practical application of stochastic flow and transport theory. Water Resour Res. doi: 10. 1029/2008WR007558.
121. Tremblay L, Gloaguen E, Lefebvre R et al (2008) Integration of geophysical, geochemical, and direct push methods for the detection of leachate plumes. Paper 175, GeoEdmonton '08, Edmonton, Canada, pp 1142-1146.
122. Tremblay L, Lefebvre R, Cloutier V et al (2012) Value of geochemical data for understanding groundwater flow and natural attenuation of a leachate plume at a former landfill. Paper 317, 39th IAH Congress, Niagara Falls, Canada, September 16-21, 2012.
123. Tronicke J, Holliger K (2005) Quantitative integration of hydrogeophysical data: conditional geostatistical simulation for characterizing heterogeneous alluvial aquifers. Geophysics 70: H1-H10.
124. Turesson A (2006) Water content and porosity estimation from ground-penetrating radar and resistivity. J Appl Geophys 58: 99-111.
125. USEPA (2007) Monitored natural attenuation of inorganic contaminants in ground water, volume 1 technical basis for assessment. EPA/600/R-07/139. National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.
126. USEPA (2008) Site characterization to support use of monitored natural attenuation for remediation of inorganic contaminants in ground water. EPA/600/R-08-114. National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.
127. van Breukelen BM, Roling WFM, Groen J et al (2003) Biogeochemistry and isotope geochemistry of a landfill leachate plume. J Contam Hydrol 65: 245-268.
128. Vangelas K, Frank H, Chappelle FH et al (2005) Monitored natural attenuation forum: a panel discussion on the use of integrated mass flux and MNA inconsistencies within federal and state agencies. Remediation 16(1): 141-153.
129. Weill S, Mazzia A, Mn P et al (2011) Coupling water flow and solute transport into a physically-based surface-subsurface hydrological model. Adv Water Resour 34: 128-136.
130. Wilson JT, Newell CJ, Seaberg J et al (2005) Monitored natural attenuation panel: the use of modeling to predict MNA and social issues of active remediation versus MNA. Remediation 15(3): 121-138.
131. World Health Organization (WHO) (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 4th edn. http://www. who. int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2011/dwq_guidelines/en/index. html. Accessed in June 2013.
132. Xu T, Gomez-Hernandez JJ, Zhou H et al (2013) The power of transient piezometric head data in inverse modeling: an application of the localized normal-score EnKF with covariance inflation in a heterogenous bimodal hydraulic conductivity field. Adv Water Resour 54: 100-118.
133. Yang YS, Cronin AA, Elliot T et al (2004) Characterizing a heterogeneous hydrogeological system using groundwater flow and geochemical modeling. J Hydraul Res 42: 147-155.
134. Zhu C, Anderson G (2002) Environmental applications of geochemical modeling. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
135. Zuber A, Różański K, Kania J et al (2011) On some methodological problems in the use of environmental tracers to estimate hydrogeologic parameters and to calibrate flow and transport models. Hydrogeol J 19: 53-69.
136. Zume JT, Tarhule A, Christenson S (2006) Subsurface imaging of an abandoned solid waste landfill site in Norman, Oklahoma. Ground Water 66(2): 62-69.