메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 597-607

Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease: A cognitive neuroscience perspective

Author keywords

Attention; Cognition; Dopamine; Executive function; Memory; Prefrontal cortex; Striatum

Indexed keywords

BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; LEVODOPA;

EID: 84898835450     PISSN: 08853185     EISSN: 15318257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mds.25853     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (186)

References (111)
  • 2
    • 4243269108 scopus 로고
    • On paralysis agitans (Lecture V)
    • London, UK: New Sydenham Society;
    • Charcot J-M. On paralysis agitans (Lecture V). In: Lectures on the Disease of the Nervous System. London, UK: New Sydenham Society; 1877:129-156.
    • (1877) Lectures on the Disease of the Nervous System , pp. 129-156
    • Charcot, J.-M.1
  • 3
    • 4644319867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory systems of the brain: a brief history and current perspective
    • Squire LR. Memory systems of the brain: a brief history and current perspective. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2004;82:171-177.
    • (2004) Neurobiol Learn Mem , vol.82 , pp. 171-177
    • Squire, L.R.1
  • 4
    • 0022930826 scopus 로고
    • Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex
    • Alexander GE, DeLong MR., Strick PL. Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Ann Rev Neurosci. 1986:9:357-381.
    • (1986) Ann Rev Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 357-381
    • Alexander, G.E.1    DeLong, M.R.2    Strick, P.L.3
  • 5
    • 0020636876 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits in the early stages of Parkinson's disease
    • Lees AJ, Smith E. Cognitive deficits in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. Brain 1983;106:257-270.
    • (1983) Brain , vol.106 , pp. 257-270
    • Lees, A.J.1    Smith, E.2
  • 6
    • 0021260072 scopus 로고
    • Visuospatial impairments in Parkinson's disease: role of perceptual and motor factors
    • Boller F, Passafiume D, Keefe NC, et al. Visuospatial impairments in Parkinson's disease: role of perceptual and motor factors. Arch Neurol 1984;41:485-490.
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 485-490
    • Boller, F.1    Passafiume, D.2    Keefe, N.C.3
  • 7
    • 0023025132 scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
    • Taylor AE, Saint-Cyr JA, Lang AE. Frontal lobe dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1986;109:845-883.
    • (1986) Brain , vol.109 , pp. 845-883
    • Taylor, A.E.1    Saint-Cyr, J.A.2    Lang, A.E.3
  • 8
    • 0023128752 scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: cognitive changes in relation to treatment response
    • Taylor AE, Saint-Cyr JA, Lang AE. Parkinson's disease: cognitive changes in relation to treatment response. Brain 1987;110:35-51.
    • (1987) Brain , vol.110 , pp. 35-51
    • Taylor, A.E.1    Saint-Cyr, J.A.2    Lang, A.E.3
  • 9
    • 0023882325 scopus 로고
    • Internal versus external cues and the control of attention in Parkinson's disease
    • Brown RG, Marsden CD. Internal versus external cues and the control of attention in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1988;111:323-345.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 323-345
    • Brown, R.G.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 10
    • 0023937255 scopus 로고
    • "Subcortical dementia": the neuropsychological evidence
    • Brown RG, Marsden CD. "Subcortical dementia": the neuropsychological evidence. Neuroscience 1988;25:363-387.
    • (1988) Neuroscience , vol.25 , pp. 363-387
    • Brown, R.G.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 11
    • 0023908443 scopus 로고
    • Remote memory function in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease
    • Sagar HJ, Cohen NJ, Sullivan EV. Remote memory function in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Brain 1988;111:185-206.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 185-206
    • Sagar, H.J.1    Cohen, N.J.2    Sullivan, E.V.3
  • 12
    • 0023922919 scopus 로고
    • Temporal ordering and short-term memory deficits in Parkinson's disease
    • Sagar H, Sullivan EV Gabrieli J, et al. Temporal ordering and short-term memory deficits in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1988;111:525-539.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 525-539
    • Sagar, H.1    Sullivan, E.V.2    Gabrieli, J.3
  • 13
    • 0023904094 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of visuospatial memory and learning in Alzheimer-type dementia and Parkinson's disease
    • Sahakian BJ, Morris RG, Evenden JL, et al. A comparative study of visuospatial memory and learning in Alzheimer-type dementia and Parkinson's disease. Brain 1988;111:695-718.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 695-718
    • Sahakian, B.J.1    Morris, R.G.2    Evenden, J.L.3
  • 14
    • 0023877536 scopus 로고
    • "Frontal" cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease 'on' and 'off levodopa
    • Gotham AM, Brown RG, Marsden CD. "Frontal" cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease 'on' and 'off levodopa. Brain 1988;111:299-321.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 299-321
    • Gotham, A.M.1    Brown, R.G.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 15
    • 0023780253 scopus 로고
    • Procedural learning and neostriatal dysfunction in man
    • Saint-Cyr JA, Taylor AE, Lang AE. Procedural learning and neostriatal dysfunction in man. Brain 1988;111:941-959.
    • (1988) Brain , vol.111 , pp. 941-959
    • Saint-Cyr, J.A.1    Taylor, A.E.2    Lang, A.E.3
  • 16
    • 0024602461 scopus 로고
    • The performance on learning tasks of patients in the early stages of Parkinson's disease
    • Canavan AGM, Passingham RE, Marsden CD, et al. The performance on learning tasks of patients in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 1989;27:141-156.
    • (1989) Neuropsychologia , vol.27 , pp. 141-156
    • Canavan, A.G.M.1    Passingham, R.E.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 17
    • 0024845352 scopus 로고
    • Impaired extra-dimensional shift performance in medicated and unmedicated Parkinson's disease: evidence for a specific attentional dysfunction
    • Downes JJ, Roberts AC, Sahakian BJ, et al. Impaired extra-dimensional shift performance in medicated and unmedicated Parkinson's disease: evidence for a specific attentional dysfunction. Neuropsychologia 1989;27:1329-1343.
    • (1989) Neuropsychologia , vol.27 , pp. 1329-1343
    • Downes, J.J.1    Roberts, A.C.2    Sahakian, B.J.3
  • 18
    • 0025277135 scopus 로고
    • Deficits on visuospatial tests involving forward planning in high-functioning parkinsonians
    • Ogden JA, Growdon JH, Corkin S. Deficits on visuospatial tests involving forward planning in high-functioning parkinsonians. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1990;3:125-139.
    • (1990) Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 125-139
    • Ogden, J.A.1    Growdon, J.H.2    Corkin, S.3
  • 19
    • 0025993229 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in early, untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability
    • Cooper JA, Sagar H, Jordan N, et al. Cognitive impairment in early, untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability. Brain 1991;114:2095-2122.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 2095-2122
    • Cooper, J.A.1    Sagar, H.2    Jordan, N.3
  • 20
    • 0026534848 scopus 로고
    • L-dopa withdrawal in Parkinson's disease selectively impairs cognitive performance in tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction
    • Lange KW, Robbins TW, Marsden CD, et al. L-dopa withdrawal in Parkinson's disease selectively impairs cognitive performance in tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. Psychopharmacology 1992;107:394-404.
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology , vol.107 , pp. 394-404
    • Lange, K.W.1    Robbins, T.W.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 21
    • 0027089916 scopus 로고
    • Fronto-striatal cognitive deficits at different stages of Parkinson's disease
    • Owen AM, James M, Leigh PN, et al. Fronto-striatal cognitive deficits at different stages of Parkinson's disease. Brain 1992;115:1727-1751.
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , pp. 1727-1751
    • Owen, A.M.1    James, M.2    Leigh, P.N.3
  • 22
    • 0027161183 scopus 로고
    • Visuospatial memory deficits at different stages of Parkinson's disease
    • Owen AM, Beksinska M, James M, et al. Visuospatial memory deficits at different stages of Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 1993;31:627-644.
    • (1993) Neuropsychologia , vol.31 , pp. 627-644
    • Owen, A.M.1    Beksinska, M.2    James, M.3
  • 23
    • 0031945108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological prediction of dementia in Parkinson's disease
    • Mahieux F, Fenelon G, Flahault A, et al. Neuropsychological prediction of dementia in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:178-183.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 178-183
    • Mahieux, F.1    Fenelon, G.2    Flahault, A.3
  • 24
    • 0036869477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory and executive function impairment predict dementia in Parkinson's disease
    • Levy G, Jacobs DM, Tang MX, et al. Memory and executive function impairment predict dementia in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2002;17:1221-1226.
    • (2002) Mov Disord , vol.17 , pp. 1221-1226
    • Levy, G.1    Jacobs, D.M.2    Tang, M.X.3
  • 25
    • 0037279168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological profile of patients with Parkinson's disease without dementia
    • Janvin C, Aarsland D, Larsen JP, et al. Neuropsychological profile of patients with Parkinson's disease without dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2003;15:126-131.
    • (2003) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.15 , pp. 126-131
    • Janvin, C.1    Aarsland, D.2    Larsen, J.P.3
  • 26
    • 1642564678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of ongoing responses in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Gauggel S, Rieger M, Feghoff TA. Inhibition of ongoing responses in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:539-544.
    • (2004) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.75 , pp. 539-544
    • Gauggel, S.1    Rieger, M.2    Feghoff, T.A.3
  • 27
    • 0023178052 scopus 로고
    • Bradyphrenia in Parkinson's disease and psychomotor retardation in depressive illness: an experimental study
    • Rogers D, Lees AJ, Smith E, et al. Bradyphrenia in Parkinson's disease and psychomotor retardation in depressive illness: an experimental study. Brain 1987;110:761-776.
    • (1987) Brain , vol.110 , pp. 761-776
    • Rogers, D.1    Lees, A.J.2    Smith, E.3
  • 28
    • 0027486687 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting mechanisms of impaired attentional set-shifting in patients with frontal lobe damage or Parkinson's disease
    • Owen AM, Roberts AC, Hodges JR, et al. Contrasting mechanisms of impaired attentional set-shifting in patients with frontal lobe damage or Parkinson's disease. Brain 1993:116:1159-1175.
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 1159-1175
    • Owen, A.M.1    Roberts, A.C.2    Hodges, J.R.3
  • 29
    • 0018725135 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey
    • Brozoski TJ, Brown RM, Rosvold HE, et al. Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey. Science 1979;205:929-931.
    • (1979) Science , vol.205 , pp. 929-931
    • Brozoski, T.J.1    Brown, R.M.2    Rosvold, H.E.3
  • 30
    • 13844275931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic basis for deficits in working memory but not attentional set-shifting in Parkinson's disease
    • Lewis SJG, Slabosz A, Robbins TW, et al. Dopaminergic basis for deficits in working memory but not attentional set-shifting in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2005;43:823-832.
    • (2005) Neuropsychologia , vol.43 , pp. 823-832
    • Lewis, S.J.G.1    Slabosz, A.2    Robbins, T.W.3
  • 31
    • 0036191967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic modulation of high level cognition in Parkinson's disease: the role of prefrontal cortex by PET
    • Cools R, Stefanova E, Barker RA, et al. Dopaminergic modulation of high level cognition in Parkinson's disease: the role of prefrontal cortex by PET. Brain 2002;125:584-594.
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 584-594
    • Cools, R.1    Stefanova, E.2    Barker, R.A.3
  • 32
    • 1242317825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal contributions to working memory: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in humans
    • Lewis SJG, Dove A, Robbins TW, et al. Striatal contributions to working memory: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in humans. Eur J Neurosci 2004;19:755-760.
    • (2004) Eur J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 755-760
    • Lewis, S.J.G.1    Dove, A.2    Robbins, T.W.3
  • 33
    • 33748493582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of learned irrelevance in attentional set-shifting impairments in Parkinson's disease
    • Slabosz A, Lewis SJ, Smigasiewicz K, et al. The role of learned irrelevance in attentional set-shifting impairments in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychology 2006;20:578-588.
    • (2006) Neuropsychology , vol.20 , pp. 578-588
    • Slabosz, A.1    Lewis, S.J.2    Smigasiewicz, K.3
  • 34
    • 0024431682 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in catecholamine neurons of the locus coeruleus in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia and depression
    • Chan-Palay V, Asan E. Alterations in catecholamine neurons of the locus coeruleus in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia and depression. J Comp Neurol 1989:287:373-392.
    • (1989) J Comp Neurol , vol.287 , pp. 373-392
    • Chan-Palay, V.1    Asan, E.2
  • 35
    • 0021061754 scopus 로고
    • A subcortico-cortical cholinergic system is affected in Parkinson's disease
    • Dubois B, Ruberg M, Javoy-Agid F, et al. A subcortico-cortical cholinergic system is affected in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 1983;288:213-218.
    • (1983) Brain Res , vol.288 , pp. 213-218
    • Dubois, B.1    Ruberg, M.2    Javoy-Agid, F.3
  • 36
    • 0026348872 scopus 로고
    • Pathology of Parkinson's disease. Changes other than the nigrostriatal pathway
    • Jellinger KA. Pathology of Parkinson's disease. Changes other than the nigrostriatal pathway. Mol Chem Neuropathol 1991;14:153-197.
    • (1991) Mol Chem Neuropathol , vol.14 , pp. 153-197
    • Jellinger, K.A.1
  • 37
    • 0020578137 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of cortical dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and their metabolites in Parkinson's disease
    • Scatton B, Javoy-Agid F, Rouquier L, et al. Reduction of cortical dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and their metabolites in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 1983;275:321-328.
    • (1983) Brain Res , vol.275 , pp. 321-328
    • Scatton, B.1    Javoy-Agid, F.2    Rouquier, L.3
  • 38
    • 10044283107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivastigmine for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
    • Emre M, Aarsland D, Albanese A, et al. Rivastigmine for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2509-2518.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 2509-2518
    • Emre, M.1    Aarsland, D.2    Albanese, A.3
  • 39
    • 0347385143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical cholinergic function is more severely affected in parkinsonian dementia than in Alzheimer disease: an in vivo positron emission tomographic study
    • Bohnen N I, Kaufer DI, Ivanco LS, et al. Cortical cholinergic function is more severely affected in parkinsonian dementia than in Alzheimer disease: an in vivo positron emission tomographic study. Arch Neurol 2003;60:1745-1748.
    • (2003) Arch Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 1745-1748
    • Bohnen, N.I.1    Kaufer, D.I.2    Ivanco, L.S.3
  • 40
    • 0037333666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease
    • Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rub U, et al. Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2003;24:197-211.
    • (2003) Neurobiol Aging , vol.24 , pp. 197-211
    • Braak, H.1    Del Tredici, K.2    Rub, U.3
  • 41
    • 0033951302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic learning and reversal deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease or frontal or temporal lobe lesions: possible adverse effects of dopaminergic medication
    • Swainson R, Rogers RD, Sahakian BJ, et al. Probabilistic learning and reversal deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease or frontal or temporal lobe lesions: possible adverse effects of dopaminergic medication. Neuropsychologia 2000;38:596-612.
    • (2000) Neuropsychologia , vol.38 , pp. 596-612
    • Swainson, R.1    Rogers, R.D.2    Sahakian, B.J.3
  • 42
    • 0023874410 scopus 로고
    • Uneven pattern of dopamine loss in the striatum of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Pathophysiologic and clinical implications
    • Kish SJ, Shannak K, Hornykiewicz O. Uneven pattern of dopamine loss in the striatum of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Pathophysiologic and clinical implications. N Engl J Med 1988;318:876-880.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 876-880
    • Kish, S.J.1    Shannak, K.2    Hornykiewicz, O.3
  • 43
    • 0035191059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced or impaired cognitive function in Parkinson's disease as a function of dopaminergic medication and task demands
    • Cools R, Barker RA, Sahakian BJ, et al. Enhanced or impaired cognitive function in Parkinson's disease as a function of dopaminergic medication and task demands. Cereb Cortex 2001;11:1136-1143.
    • (2001) Cereb Cortex , vol.11 , pp. 1136-1143
    • Cools, R.1    Barker, R.A.2    Sahakian, B.J.3
  • 44
    • 0037707632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-dopa medication remediates cognitive inflexibility, but increases impulsivity in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Cools R, Barker RA, Sahakian BJ, et al. L-dopa medication remediates cognitive inflexibility, but increases impulsivity in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2003;41:1431-1441.
    • (2003) Neuropsychologia , vol.41 , pp. 1431-1441
    • Cools, R.1    Barker, R.A.2    Sahakian, B.J.3
  • 45
    • 49449112081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and dopaminergic therapy-differential effects on movement, reward and cognition
    • Rowe JB, Hughes L, Ghosh BC, et al. Parkinson's disease and dopaminergic therapy-differential effects on movement, reward and cognition. Brain 2008;131:2094-2105.
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , pp. 2094-2105
    • Rowe, J.B.1    Hughes, L.2    Ghosh, B.C.3
  • 46
    • 84855164495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aberrant reward processing in Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine cell loss
    • Aarts E, Helmich RC, Janssen MJR, et al. Aberrant reward processing in Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine cell loss. Neuroimage 2012;59:3339-3346.
    • (2012) Neuroimage , vol.59 , pp. 3339-3346
    • Aarts, E.1    Helmich, R.C.2    Janssen, M.J.R.3
  • 47
    • 28044435068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing susceptibility to compulsive dopaminergic drug use in Parkinson disease
    • Evans AH, Lawrence AD, Potts J, Appel S, Lees AJ. Factors influencing susceptibility to compulsive dopaminergic drug use in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2005;65:1570-1574.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1570-1574
    • Evans, A.H.1    Lawrence, A.D.2    Potts, J.3    Appel, S.4    Lees, A.J.5
  • 48
    • 33845696933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-DOPA disrupts activity in the nucleus accumbens during reversal learning in Parkinson's disease
    • Cools R, Lewis SJ, Clark L, et al. L-DOPA disrupts activity in the nucleus accumbens during reversal learning in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007;32:180-189.
    • (2007) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.32 , pp. 180-189
    • Cools, R.1    Lewis, S.J.2    Clark, L.3
  • 49
    • 0037057755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting formal with dopamine and reward
    • Schultz W. Getting formal with dopamine and reward. Neuron 2002;36:241-263.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.36 , pp. 241-263
    • Schultz, W.1
  • 50
    • 34548206360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disrupted prediction-error in psychosis: evidence for an associative account of delusions
    • Corlett PR, Murray GK, Honey GD, et al. Disrupted prediction-error in psychosis: evidence for an associative account of delusions. Brain 2007;130:2387-2400.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 2387-2400
    • Corlett, P.R.1    Murray, G.K.2    Honey, G.D.3
  • 51
    • 0037223711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia
    • Kapur S. Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:13-23.
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 13-23
    • Kapur, S.1
  • 52
    • 0345276005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric non-motor aspects of Parkinson's disease
    • Thanvi BR, Munshi SK, Vijaykumar N, et al. Neuropsychiatric non-motor aspects of Parkinson's disease. Postgrad Med J 2003;79:561-565.
    • (2003) Postgrad Med J , vol.79 , pp. 561-565
    • Thanvi, B.R.1    Munshi, S.K.2    Vijaykumar, N.3
  • 53
    • 4444264056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planning ability in Parkinson's disease is influenced by the COMT val158met polymorphism
    • Foltynie T, Goldberg TE, Lewis SG, et al. Planning ability in Parkinson's disease is influenced by the COMT val158met polymorphism. Mov Disord 2004;19:885-891.
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , pp. 885-891
    • Foltynie, T.1    Goldberg, T.E.2    Lewis, S.G.3
  • 54
    • 0037947438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catechol-O-methyltransferase val (158)-met genotype and individual variation in the response to amphetamine
    • Mattay VS, Callicott JH, Fera F, et al. Catechol-O-methyltransferase val (158)-met genotype and individual variation in the response to amphetamine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:6186-6191.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 6186-6191
    • Mattay, V.S.1    Callicott, J.H.2    Fera, F.3
  • 55
    • 0034981451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased frontal [(18)F]fluorodopa uptake in early Parkinson's disease: sex differences in the prefrontal cortex
    • Kaasinen V, Nurmi E, Bruck A, et al. Increased frontal [(18)F]fluorodopa uptake in early Parkinson's disease: sex differences in the prefrontal cortex. Brain 2001;124:1125-1130.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 1125-1130
    • Kaasinen, V.1    Nurmi, E.2    Bruck, A.3
  • 56
    • 0032870202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal, midbrain and striatal dopamergic function in early and advanced Parkinson's disease. A 3D [(18)F]dopa-PET study
    • Rakshi J, Uema T, Ito K, et al. Frontal, midbrain and striatal dopamergic function in early and advanced Parkinson's disease. A 3D [(18)F]dopa-PET study. Brain 1999;122:1637-1650.
    • (1999) Brain , vol.122 , pp. 1637-1650
    • Rakshi, J.1    Uema, T.2    Ito, K.3
  • 57
    • 70350641659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort
    • Williams-Gray CH, Evans JR, Goris A, et al. The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort. Brain 2009;132:2958-2969.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 2958-2969
    • Williams-Gray, C.H.1    Evans, J.R.2    Goris, A.3
  • 58
    • 84898817326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism has a gender specific influence on planning ability in Parkinson's disease
    • Foltynie T, Goldberg TE, Lewis SJG, et al. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism has a gender specific influence on planning ability in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2005;19:885-891.
    • (2005) J Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 885-891
    • Foltynie, T.1    Goldberg, T.E.2    Lewis, S.J.G.3
  • 59
    • 0037462449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function
    • Egan MF, Kojima M, Callicott JH, et al. The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function. Cell 2003;112:257-269.
    • (2003) Cell , vol.112 , pp. 257-269
    • Egan, M.F.1    Kojima, M.2    Callicott, J.H.3
  • 60
    • 0035010233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the striatum and hippocampus in planning: a PET activation study in Parkinson's disease
    • Dagher A, Owen AM, Brooks DJ. The role of the striatum and hippocampus in planning: a PET activation study in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2001;124:1020-1032.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 1020-1032
    • Dagher, A.1    Owen, A.M.2    Brooks, D.J.3
  • 62
    • 0029815726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neostriatal habit learning system in humans
    • Knowlton BJ, Mangels JA, Squire LR. A neostriatal habit learning system in humans. Science 1996;273:1399-1402.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1399-1402
    • Knowlton, B.J.1    Mangels, J.A.2    Squire, L.R.3
  • 63
    • 82355181048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the basal ganglia in learning and memory: insight from Parkinson's disease
    • Foerde K, Shoramy D. The role of the basal ganglia in learning and memory: insight from Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2011;96:624-636.
    • (2011) Neurobiol Learn Mem , vol.96 , pp. 624-636
    • Foerde, K.1    Shoramy, D.2
  • 64
    • 72049125602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human and rodent homologies in action control: Corticostriatal determinants of goal-directed and habitual action
    • Balleine BW, O'Doherty JP. Human and rodent homologies in action control: Corticostriatal determinants of goal-directed and habitual action. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010;35:48-69.
    • (2010) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.35 , pp. 48-69
    • Balleine, B.W.1    O'Doherty, J.P.2
  • 65
    • 84856637225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliance on habits at the expense of goal-directed control following dopamine precursor depletion
    • de Wit S, Standing HR, Devito EE, et al. Reliance on habits at the expense of goal-directed control following dopamine precursor depletion. Psychopharmacology 2012;219:621-631.
    • (2012) Psychopharmacology , vol.219 , pp. 621-631
    • de Wit, S.1    Standing, H.R.2    Devito, E.E.3
  • 66
    • 84864935116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine enhances model-free over model-based choice behavior
    • Wunderlich K, Smittenaar P, Dolan R. Dopamine enhances model-free over model-based choice behavior. Neuron 2012;75:418-424.
    • (2012) Neuron , vol.75 , pp. 418-424
    • Wunderlich, K.1    Smittenaar, P.2    Dolan, R.3
  • 67
    • 15244346900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesion to the nigrostriatal dopamine system disrupts stimulus-response habit formation
    • Faure A, Haberland U, Conde F, et al. Lesion to the nigrostriatal dopamine system disrupts stimulus-response habit formation. J Neurosci 2005;25:2771-2780.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 2771-2780
    • Faure, A.1    Haberland, U.2    Conde, F.3
  • 68
    • 77958461569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitual versus goal-directed action control in Parkinson's disease
    • de Wit S, Barker RA, Dickinson A, et al. Habitual versus goal-directed action control in Parkinson's disease. J Cogn Neurosci 2011;23:1218-1229.
    • (2011) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 1218-1229
    • de Wit, S.1    Barker, R.A.2    Dickinson, A.3
  • 69
    • 0036412603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivation, reward, and Parkinson's disease: influence of dopatherapy
    • Czernecki V, Pillon B, Houeto JL, et al. Motivation, reward, and Parkinson's disease: influence of dopatherapy. Neuropsychologia 2002;40:2257-2267.
    • (2002) Neuropsychologia , vol.40 , pp. 2257-2267
    • Czernecki, V.1    Pillon, B.2    Houeto, J.L.3
  • 70
    • 0037440814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating hippocampal versus basal ganglia contributions to learning and transfer
    • Myers CE, Shohamy D, Gluck MA, et al. Dissociating hippocampal versus basal ganglia contributions to learning and transfer. J Cogn Neurosci 2003;15:185-193.
    • (2003) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 185-193
    • Myers, C.E.1    Shohamy, D.2    Gluck, M.A.3
  • 71
    • 77956173469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neural model of hippocampal-striatal interactions in associative learning and transfer generalization in various neurological and psychiatric patients
    • Moustafa AA, Keri S, Herzallah MM, et al. A neural model of hippocampal-striatal interactions in associative learning and transfer generalization in various neurological and psychiatric patients. Brain Cogn 2010;74:132-144.
    • (2010) Brain Cogn , vol.74 , pp. 132-144
    • Moustafa, A.A.1    Keri, S.2    Herzallah, M.M.3
  • 72
    • 78649466268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neurocomputational model of dopamine and prefrontal-striatal interactions during multicue category learning by Parkinson patients
    • Moustafa AA, Gluck MA. A neurocomputational model of dopamine and prefrontal-striatal interactions during multicue category learning by Parkinson patients. J Cogn Neurosci 2011;23:151-167.
    • (2011) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 151-167
    • Moustafa, A.A.1    Gluck, M.A.2
  • 74
    • 84861556604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine and performance in a reinforcement learning task: evidence from Parkinson's disease
    • Shiner T, Seymour, B, Wunderlich K. Dopamine and performance in a reinforcement learning task: evidence from Parkinson's disease. Brain 2012;135:1871-1883.
    • (2012) Brain , vol.135 , pp. 1871-1883
    • Shiner, T.1    Seymour, B.2    Wunderlich, K.3
  • 75
    • 3242781620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the basal ganglia in category learning: how do patients with Parkinson's disease learn?
    • Shohamy D, Myers CE, Onlaor S, et al. Role of the basal ganglia in category learning: how do patients with Parkinson's disease learn? Behav Neurosci 2004;118:676-686.
    • (2004) Behav Neurosci , vol.118 , pp. 676-686
    • Shohamy, D.1    Myers, C.E.2    Onlaor, S.3
  • 76
    • 33644639638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-dopa impairs learning, but spares generalization, in Parkinson's disease
    • Shohamy D, Myers CE, Geghman KD, et al. L-dopa impairs learning, but spares generalization, in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2006;44:774-784.
    • (2006) Neuropsychologia , vol.44 , pp. 774-784
    • Shohamy, D.1    Myers, C.E.2    Geghman, K.D.3
  • 77
    • 84859359283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decomposing effects of dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease on probabilistic action selection-learning or performance?
    • Smittenaar P, Chase HW, Aarts E, et al. Decomposing effects of dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease on probabilistic action selection-learning or performance? Eur J Neurosci 2012;35:1144-1151.
    • (2012) Eur J Neurosci , vol.35 , pp. 1144-1151
    • Smittenaar, P.1    Chase, H.W.2    Aarts, E.3
  • 78
    • 77955271192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rule-based categorization deficits in focal basal ganglia lesion and Parkinson's disease patients
    • Ell SW, Weinstein A, Ivry RB. Rule-based categorization deficits in focal basal ganglia lesion and Parkinson's disease patients. Neuropsychologia 2010;48:2974-2986.
    • (2010) Neuropsychologia , vol.48 , pp. 2974-2986
    • Ell, S.W.1    Weinstein, A.2    Ivry, R.B.3
  • 79
    • 10344250993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • By carrot or by stick: cognitive reinforcement learning in parkinsonism
    • Frank MJ, Seeberger LC, O'Reilly RC. By carrot or by stick: cognitive reinforcement learning in parkinsonism. Science 2004;306:1940-1943.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 1940-1943
    • Frank, M.J.1    Seeberger, L.C.2    O'Reilly, R.C.3
  • 80
    • 12544251990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic dopamine modulation in the basal ganglia: a neurocomputational account of cognitive deficits in medicated and nonmedicated parkinsonism
    • Frank MJ. Dynamic dopamine modulation in the basal ganglia: a neurocomputational account of cognitive deficits in medicated and nonmedicated parkinsonism. J Cogn Neurosci 2005;17:51-72.
    • (2005) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 51-72
    • Frank, M.J.1
  • 81
    • 33745285708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal learning in Parkinson's disease depends on medication status and outcome valence
    • Cools R, Altamirano L, D'Esposito M. Reversal learning in Parkinson's disease depends on medication status and outcome valence. Neuropsychologia 2006;44:1663-1673.
    • (2006) Neuropsychologia , vol.44 , pp. 1663-1673
    • Cools, R.1    Altamirano, L.2    D'Esposito, M.3
  • 82
    • 58149379028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for dopamine in temporal decision making and reward maximization in parkinsonism
    • Moustafa A, Cohen MX, Sherman SJ, et al. A role for dopamine in temporal decision making and reward maximization in parkinsonism. J. Neurosci 2008;28:12294-12304.
    • (2008) J. Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 12294-12304
    • Moustafa, A.1    Cohen, M.X.2    Sherman, S.J.3
  • 83
    • 70349922298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reward-learning and the novelty-seeking personality: a between-and within-subjects study of the effects of dopamine agonists on young Parkinson's patients
    • Bodi N, Keri S, Nagy H, et al. Reward-learning and the novelty-seeking personality: a between-and within-subjects study of the effects of dopamine agonists on young Parkinson's patients. Brain 2009;132;2385-2395.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 2385-2395
    • Bodi, N.1    Keri, S.2    Nagy, H.3
  • 84
    • 73149090095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological modulation of subliminal learning in Parkinson's and Tourette's syndromes
    • Palminteri S, Lebreton M, Worbe Y, et al. Pharmacological modulation of subliminal learning in Parkinson's and Tourette's syndromes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009;106:19179-19184.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 19179-19184
    • Palminteri, S.1    Lebreton, M.2    Worbe, Y.3
  • 85
    • 73549113279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying dopamine-mediated reward bias in compulsive behaviors
    • Voon V, Pessiglione M, Brezing C, et al. Mechanisms underlying dopamine-mediated reward bias in compulsive behaviors. Neuron 2010;65:135-142.
    • (2010) Neuron , vol.65 , pp. 135-142
    • Voon, V.1    Pessiglione, M.2    Brezing, C.3
  • 86
    • 72849112662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic drugs modulate learning rates and perseveration in Parkinson's patients in a dynamic foraging task
    • Rutledge RB, Lazzaro SC, Lau B, et al. Dopaminergic drugs modulate learning rates and perseveration in Parkinson's patients in a dynamic foraging task. J. Neurosci 2009;29:15104-15114.
    • (2009) J. Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 15104-15114
    • Rutledge, R.B.1    Lazzaro, S.C.2    Lau, B.3
  • 87
    • 33847634405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The debate over dopamine's role in reward: the case for incentive salience
    • Berridge KC. The debate over dopamine's role in reward: the case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology 2007;191:391-431.
    • (2007) Psychopharmacology , vol.191 , pp. 391-431
    • Berridge, K.C.1
  • 88
    • 33847662975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for mesencephalic dopamine in activation: commentary on Berridge (2006)
    • Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. A role for mesencephalic dopamine in activation: commentary on Berridge (2006). Psychopharmacology 2007;191:433-437.
    • (2007) Psychopharmacology , vol.191 , pp. 433-437
    • Robbins, T.W.1    Everitt, B.J.2
  • 89
    • 17844367586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-limited modulation of appetitive Pavlovian memory by D1 and NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens
    • Dalley JW, Laane K, Theobald DEH, et al. Time-limited modulation of appetitive Pavlovian memory by D1 and NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:6189-6194.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 6189-6194
    • Dalley, J.W.1    Laane, K.2    Theobald, D.E.H.3
  • 90
    • 84857434399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy blunts neural response to money in Parkinson's disease
    • Lawrence AD, Goerendt IK, Brooks DJ. Apathy blunts neural response to money in Parkinson's disease. Soc Neurosci 2011;6:653-662.
    • (2011) Soc Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 653-662
    • Lawrence, A.D.1    Goerendt, I.K.2    Brooks, D.J.3
  • 91
    • 83155189109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to goal-directed action selection
    • O'Doherty JP. Contributions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to goal-directed action selection. Ann NY Acad Sci 2011;1239:118-129.
    • (2011) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1239 , pp. 118-129
    • O'Doherty, J.P.1
  • 92
    • 28844448732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic modulation of cognitive function-implications for L-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease
    • Cools R. Dopaminergic modulation of cognitive function-implications for L-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006;30:1-23.
    • (2006) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.30 , pp. 1-23
    • Cools, R.1
  • 93
    • 33646468355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired dimensional selection but intact use of reward feedback during visual discrimination learning in Parkinson's disease
    • Swainson R, SenGupta D, Shetty T, et al. Impaired dimensional selection but intact use of reward feedback during visual discrimination learning in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2006;44:1290-1304.
    • (2006) Neuropsychologia , vol.44 , pp. 1290-1304
    • Swainson, R.1    SenGupta, D.2    Shetty, T.3
  • 94
    • 61949486980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rule-based category learning in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Price A, Filoteo JV, Maddox WT. Rule-based category learning in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2009;47:1213-1226.
    • (2009) Neuropsychologia , vol.47 , pp. 1213-1226
    • Price, A.1    Filoteo, J.V.2    Maddox, W.T.3
  • 95
  • 96
    • 84898788380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibition modulates impulsivity in Parkinson's disease
    • in press.
    • Zheng Y, Altena E, Nombela-Otero C, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibition modulates impulsivity in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2014, in press.
    • (2014) Brain
    • Zheng, Y.1    Altena, E.2    Nombela-Otero, C.3
  • 97
    • 77955404787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine for depression and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson disease
    • Weintraub D, Mavandadi S, E. Mamikonyan E, et al. Atomoxetine for depression and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2010;75:448-455.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 448-455
    • Weintraub, D.1    Mavandadi, S.E.2    Mamikonyan, E.3
  • 98
    • 61649118193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine for the treatment of executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a pilot open-label study
    • Marsh L, Biglan K, Gerstenhaber M, et al. Atomoxetine for the treatment of executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a pilot open-label study. Mov Disord 2009;24:277-282.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 277-282
    • Marsh, L.1    Biglan, K.2    Gerstenhaber, M.3
  • 99
    • 84898788486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving impulsivity in Parkinson's disease by atomoxetine
    • In press.
    • Zheng Y, Altena E, Nombela-Otero C, et al. Improving impulsivity in Parkinson's disease by atomoxetine. Biol Psychiatry 2014. In press.
    • (2014) Biol Psychiatry
    • Zheng, Y.1    Altena, E.2    Nombela-Otero, C.3
  • 100
    • 0029348250 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine and hallucinations: disease-related compared to drug-induced alterations in human consciousness
    • Perry EK, Perry RH. Acetylcholine and hallucinations: disease-related compared to drug-induced alterations in human consciousness. Brain Cogn 1995;28:240-258.
    • (1995) Brain Cogn , vol.28 , pp. 240-258
    • Perry, E.K.1    Perry, R.H.2
  • 101
    • 78349310514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease
    • Kehagia AA, Barker RA, Robbins TW. Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:1200-1213.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 1200-1213
    • Kehagia, A.A.1    Barker, R.A.2    Robbins, T.W.3
  • 102
    • 34447633928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of cognitive dysfunction in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort
    • Williams-Gray CH, Foltynie T, Brayne CE, et al. Evolution of cognitive dysfunction in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort. Brain 2007;130:1787-1798.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 1787-1798
    • Williams-Gray, C.H.1    Foltynie, T.2    Brayne, C.E.3
  • 103
    • 35148866228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tau and alpha-synuclein in susceptibility to, and dementia in, Parkinson's disease
    • Goris A, Williams-Gray CH, Clark GR, et al. Tau and alpha-synuclein in susceptibility to, and dementia in, Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2007:62:145-153.
    • (2007) Ann Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 145-153
    • Goris, A.1    Williams-Gray, C.H.2    Clark, G.R.3
  • 104
    • 84895770516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterising mild cognitive impairment in incident Parkinson's disease: the ICICLE PD study
    • Yarnall AY, Breen DP, Duncan GW, et al. Characterising mild cognitive impairment in incident Parkinson's disease: the ICICLE PD study. Neurology 2014;82:308-316.
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , pp. 308-316
    • Yarnall, A.Y.1    Breen, D.P.2    Duncan, G.W.3
  • 105
    • 27844469751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of prevalence studies of dementia in Parkinson's disease
    • Aarsland D, Zaccai J, Brayne C. A systematic review of prevalence studies of dementia in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2005;20:1255-1263.
    • (2005) Mov Disord , vol.20 , pp. 1255-1263
    • Aarsland, D.1    Zaccai, J.2    Brayne, C.3
  • 106
    • 1542375990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive ability of an incident cohort of Parkinson's patients in the UK
    • Foltynie T, Brayne CE, Robbins TW, et al. The cognitive ability of an incident cohort of Parkinson's patients in the UK. The CamPaIGN study. Brain 2004;127:550-560.
    • (2004) The CamPaIGN study. Brain , vol.127 , pp. 550-560
    • Foltynie, T.1    Brayne, C.E.2    Robbins, T.W.3
  • 108
    • 0029882343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural systems engaged by planning: a PET study of the Tower of London task
    • Baker SC, Rogers RD, Owen AM, et al. Neural systems engaged by planning: a PET study of the Tower of London task. Neuropsychologia 1996;34:515-526.
    • (1996) Neuropsychologia , vol.34 , pp. 515-526
    • Baker, S.C.1    Rogers, R.D.2    Owen, A.M.3
  • 109
    • 0028945150 scopus 로고
    • Visuo-spatial short-term recognition memory and learning after temporal lobe excisions, frontal lobe excisions or amygdalo-hippocampectomy in man
    • Owen AM, Sahakian BJ, Semple J, et al. Visuo-spatial short-term recognition memory and learning after temporal lobe excisions, frontal lobe excisions or amygdalo-hippocampectomy in man. Neuropsychologia 1995;33:1-24.
    • (1995) Neuropsychologia , vol.33 , pp. 1-24
    • Owen, A.M.1    Sahakian, B.J.2    Semple, J.3
  • 110
    • 14544303625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease in the early clinical stages using a data driven approach
    • Lewis SJG, Foltynie T, Blackwell AD, et al. Heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease in the early clinical stages using a data driven approach. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:343-348.
    • (2005) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.76 , pp. 343-348
    • Lewis, S.J.G.1    Foltynie, T.2    Blackwell, A.D.3
  • 111
    • 34247897260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype influences frontoparietal activity during planning in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Williams-Gray CH, Hampshire A, Robbins TW, et al. Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype influences frontoparietal activity during planning in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci 2007;27:4832-4838.
    • (2007) J Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 4832-4838
    • Williams-Gray, C.H.1    Hampshire, A.2    Robbins, T.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.