Time and team cognition: Toward greater integration of temporal dynamics

Theories of Team Cognition: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 87-116

  Mohammed, Susan ^a   Tesler, Rachel ^a   Hamilton, Katherine ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84898657900     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203813140-14     Document Type: Chapter

References (101)

1. Arrow, H., Poole, M. S., Henry, K. B., Wheelan, S., & Moreland, R. (2004). Time, change, and development: The temporal perspective on groups. Small Group Research, 35, 73-104.
2. Artman, H. (1999). Situation awareness and co-operation within and between hierarchical units in dynamic decision making. Ergonomics, 42, 1404-1417.
3. Baguley, T., & Payne, S. J. (2000). Long-term memory for spatial and temporal mental models includes construction processes and model structure. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 479-512.
4. Ballard, D. I., Tschan, F., & Waller, M. J. (2008). All in the timing: Considering time at multiple stages of group research. Small Group Research, 39, 328-351.
5. Bartel, C. A., & Milliken, F. J. (2004). Perceptions of time in work groups: Do members develop shared cognitions about their temporal demands? In S. Blount (Ed.), Research on managing groups and teams: Time in groups (Vol. 6, pp. 87-109). New York: Elsevier.
6. Bedny, G., & Meister, D. (1999). Theory of activity and situation awareness. International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics, 3, 63-72.
7. Blandford, A., & Wong, B. L. W. (2004). Situation awareness in emergency medical dispatch. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 61, 421-452.
8. Bluedorn, A. C., & Standifer, R. L. (2004). Groups, boundary spanning, and the temporal imagination. In S. Blount (Ed.), Research on managing groups and teams: Time in groups (Vol. 6, pp. 159-182). New York: Elsevier.
9. Bolman, L. (1979). Aviation accidents and the theory of the situation. In G. E. Cooper, M. D. White, & J. K. Laubers (Eds.), Resource management in the cockpit. Moffett Field, CA: NASA Ames Research Center (NASA Conference Publication 2120).
10. Bourgeois, L. J. (1980). Performance and consensus. Strategic Management Journal, 1, 227-248.
11. Burke, C. S., Stagle, K. C., Salas, E., Pierce, L., & Kendall, D. (2006). Understanding team adaptation:A conceptual analysis and model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 1189-1207.
12. Cannon-Bowers, J. A., & Salas, E. (2001). Reflections on shared cognition. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 195-202.
13. Cannon-Bowers, J. A., Salas, E., & Converse, S. (1993). Shared mental models in expert team decision making. In N. J. Castellan, Jr. (Ed.), Individual and group decision making:Current issues (pp. 221-246). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
14. Cooke, N. J., Kiekel, P. A., & Helm, E. E. (2001). Measuring team knowledge during skill acquisition of a complex task. International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics, 5, 297-315.
15. Cooke, N. J., Kiekel, P. A., Salas, E., Stout, R., Bowers, C., & Cannon-Bowers, J. (2003). Measuring team knowledge: A window to the cognitive underpinnings of team performance. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7, 179-199.
16. Cooke, N. J., Salas, E., Cannon-Bowers, J. A., & Stout, R. J. (2000). Measuring team knowledge. Human Factors, 421, 151-173.
17. DeChurch, L. A., & Mesmer-Magnus, J. R. (2010a). The cognitive underpinnings of effective teamwork: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 32-53.
18. DeChurch, L. A., & Mesmer-Magnus, J. R. (2010b). Measuring shared team mental models:A meta-analysis. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, & Practice, 14, 1-14.
19. Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383.
20. Edwards, B. D., Day, E. A., Arthur, W., & Bell, S. T. (2006). Relationships among team ability composition, team mental models, and team performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 727-736.
21. Ellis, A. P. J. (2006). System breakdown: The role of mental models and transactive memory in the relationship between acute stress and team performance. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 576-589.
22. Endsley, M. R. (1995a). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors, 37, 32-64.
23. Endsley, M. R. (1995b). Measurement of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors, 37, 65-84.
24. Endsley, M. R., & Jones, W. M. (2001). A model of inter- and intrateam situation awareness:Implications for design, training, and measurement. In M. McNeese, E. Salas, & M. Endsley (Eds.), New trends in cooperative activities: Understanding system dynamics in complex environments (pp. 46-67). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
25. Endsley, M. R., & Kiris, E. O. (1995). Situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT) TRACON air traffic control user guide. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University.
26. Ensley, M. D., & Pearce, C. L. (2001). Shared cognition in top management teams:Implications for new venture performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 145-160.
27. Fine, G. A. (1996). Kitchens: The culture of restaurant work. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
28. Foushee, H. C. (1984). Dyads and triads and 35000 feet: Factors affecting group process and aircrew performance. American Psychologist, 39, 885-893.
29. Freeman, M., & Beele, P. (1992). Measuring project success. Project Management Journal, 23, 8-17.
30. Gevers, J. M. P., & Peeters, M. A. G. (2009). A pleasure working together? The effects of dissimilarity in team member conscientiousness on team temporal processes and individual satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 379-400.
31. Gevers, J. M. P., Rutte, C. G., & van Eerde, W. (2004). How project teams achieve coordinated action: A model of shared cognitions on time. In S. Blount (Ed.), Research on managing groups and teams: Time in groups (Vol. 6, pp. 67-85). New York, NY:Elsevier.
32. Gevers, J. M. P., Rutte, C. G., & van Eerde, W. (2006). Meeting deadlines in work groups:Implicit and explicit mechanisms. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 55, 52-72.
33. Gevers, J. M. P., Rutte, C. G., van Eerde, W., & Roe, R. A. (2005, August). Meeting deadlines in project teams: A longitudinal study on the effects of shared cognitions. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Honolulu, HI.
34. Gevers, J. M. P., van Eerde, W., & Rutte, C. G. (2009). Team self-regulation and meeting deadlines in project teams: Antecedents and effects of temporal consensus. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18, 295-321.
35. Gorman, J. C., Cooke, N. J., & Winner, J. L. (2006). Measuring team situation awareness in decentralized command and control environments. Ergonomics Special Issue:Command and Control, 49, 1312-1325.
36. Hackman, J. R. (Ed.). (1990). Groups that work (and those that don’t). San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
37. Hauland, G. (2008). Measuring individual and team situation awareness during planning tasks in training of en route air traffic control. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 19, 290-304.
38. Hamilton, K., Mancuso, V., Minotra, D., Hoult, R., Mohammed, S., McNeese, M., et al. (2010, September). Using the NeoCITIES 3.0 simulation to study and measure team cognition. Paper presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, San Francisco, CA.
39. Hamilton, K., Mohammed, S., Mancuso, V., Hoult, R., Minotra, D., & McNeese, M. (2010, July). It’s about time: The conceptualization and operationalization of temporal team mental models. Paper presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Interdisciplinary Network of Group Researchers (INGRoup), Washington, DC.
40. Ilgen, D. R., Hollenbeck, J. R., Johnson, M., & Jundt, D. (2005). Teams in organizations:From input-process-output models to IMOI models. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 517-543.
41. Kang, H. R., Yang, H. D., & Rowley, C. (2006). Factors in team effectiveness: Cognitive and demographic similarities of software development team members. Human Relations, 59, 1681-1710.
42. Kellermanns, F. W., Floyd, S. W., Pearson, A. W., & Spencer, B. (2008). The contingent effect of constructive confrontation on the relationship between shared mental models and decision quality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 119-137.
43. Kellermanns, F. W., Walter, J., Lechner, C., & Floyd, S. W. (2005). The lack of consensus about strategic consensus: Advancing theory and research. Journal of Management, 31, 719-737.
44. Klimoski, R., & Mohammed, S. (1994). Team mental model: Construct or metaphor? Journal of Management, 20, 403-437.
45. Knight, D., Pearce, C. L., Smith, K. G., Olian, J. D., Sims, H. P., Smith, K. A., et al. (1999). Top management team diversity, group process, and strategic consensus. Strategic Management Journal, 20, 445-465.
46. Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Bell, B. S. (2003). Work groups and teams in organizations. In W. C. Borman, D. R. Ilgen, & R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 12, pp. 333-375). New York, NY: Wiley.
47. Letsky, M., & Warner, N. W. (2008). Macrocognition in teams. In M. Letsky, N. Warner, S. M. Fiore, & C. Smith (Eds.), Macrocognition in teams: Theories and methodologies (pp. 1-14). London, UK: Ashgate Publishers.
48. Levesque, L. L., Wilson, J. M., & Wholey, D. R. (2001). Cognitive divergence and shared mental models in software development project teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 135-144.
49. Liang, D. W., Moreland, R. L., & Argote, L. (1995). Group versus individual training and group performance: The mediating role of transactive memory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 384-393.
50. Lim, B. C., & Klein, K. J. (2006). Team mental models and team performance: A field study of the effects of team mental model similarity and accuracy. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 403-418.
51. Mandler, J. M. (1986). On the comprehension of temporal order. Language and Cognitive Processes, 1, 309-320.
52. Marks, M. A., Zaccaro, S. J., & Mathieu, J. E. (2000). Performance implications of leader briefings and team-interaction training for team adaptation to novel environments. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 971-986.
53. Mathieu, J. E., Heffner, T. S., Goodwin, G. F., Cannon-Bowers, J. A., & Salas, E. (2005). Scaling the quality of teammates’ mental models: Equifinality and normative comparisons. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 37-56.
54. Mathieu, J. E., Heffner, T. S., Goodwin, G. F., Salas, E., & Cannon-Bowers, J. A. (2000). The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 273-283.
55. Mathieu, J. E., Maynard, M. T., Rapp, T., & Gilson, L. (2008). Team effectiveness 1997-2007: A review of recent advancements and a glimpse into the future. Journal of Management, 34, 410-476.
56. McComb, S. A. (2008). Shared mental models and their convergence. In M. Letsky, N. Warner, S. M. Fiore, & C. Smith (Eds.), Macrocognition in teams: Theories and methodologies (pp. 35-50). London, UK: Ashgate Publishers.
57. McGrath, J. E. (1991). Time, interaction, and performance (TIP): A theory of groups. Small Group Research, 22, 147-174.
58. McGrath, J. E., Arrow, H., Gruenfeld, D. H., Hollingshead, A. B., & O’Conner, K. M. (1993). Groups, tasks, and technology: The effects of experience and change. Small Group Research, 24, 406-420.
59. Millward, S. M. (2006). Do you know your stuff? Training collaborative modelers. Team Performance Management, 12, 225-236.
60. Mohammed, S. (2001). Toward an understanding of cognitive consensus in a group decision making context. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 37(4), 408-425.
61. Mohammed, S., Ferzandi, L., & Hamilton, K. (2010). Metaphor no more: A 15 year review of the team mental model construct. Journal of Management, 36, 876-910.
62. Mohammed, S., & Hamilton, K. (in press). Studying team cognition: The good, the bad, and the practical. Chapter prepared for A. B. Hollingshead & M. S. Poole (Eds.), Research methods for studying groups: A behind-the-Scenes guide. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis/Routledge.
63. Mohammed, S., Hamilton, K., & Lim, A. (2009). The incorporation of time in team research:Past, current, and future. In E. Salas, G. F. Goodwin, & C. S. Burke (Eds.), Team effectiveness in complex organizations: Cross-disciplinary perspective and approaches (pp. 321-348). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis/Routledge.
64. Mohammed, S., Klimoski, R., & Rentsch, J. (2000). The measurement of team mental models:We have no shared schema. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 123-165.
65. Mohammed, S., & Nadkarni, S. (2010, August). Shared temporal cognition as a moderator of the temporal diversity-team performance relationship. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
66. Mohammed, S., & Ringseis, E. (2001). Cognitive diversity and consensus in group decision making: The role of inputs, processes, and outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 85, 310-335.
67. Mohammed, S., & Zhang, Y. (2009). Providing timely assistance: Temporal measurement guidelines for the study of virtual teams. In D. Schmorrow, J. Cohn, & D. Nicholson (Eds.), Handbook of virtual environments for training and education: Developments for the military and beyond (Vol. 1, pp. 376-389). Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.
68. Moynihan, D. P. (2007). From forest fires to hurricane Katrina: Case studies of incident command systems. Washington, DC: IBM Center for the Business of Government.
69. Patrick, J., James, N., Ahmed, A., & Halliday, P. (2006). Observational assessment of situation awareness, team differences and training implications. Ergonomics, 49, 393-417.
70. Patrick, J., & Morgan, P. L. (2010). Approaches to understanding, analyzing and developing situation awareness. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 11, 41-57.
71. Priem, R. L. (1990). Top management team group factors, consensus, and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 469-478.
72. Radvansky, G. A., Zwaan, R. A., Federico, T., & Franklin, N. (1998). Retrieval from temporally organized situation models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 1224-1237.
73. Rentsch, J. R., & Hall, R. J. (1994). Members of great teams think alike: A model of team effectiveness and schema similarity among team members. In M. M. Beyerlein & D. A. Johnson (Eds.), Advances in interdisciplinary studies of work teams: Theories of self-managing work teams (Vol. 1, pp. 223-261). Greenwich, CT: Elsevier Science/JAI Press.
74. Rentsch, J. R., & Klimoski, R. J. (2001). Why do “great minds�? think alike? Antecedents of team member schema agreement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 107-120.
75. Rico, R., Sanchez-Manzanares, M., Gil, F., & Gibson, C. (2008). Team implicit coordination processes: A team knowledge-based approach. Academy of Management Review, 33, 163-184.
76. Salas, E., Prince, C., Baker, D. P., & Shrestha, L. (1995). Situation awareness in team performance:Implications for measurement and training. Human Factors Special Issue:Situation Awareness, 37, 123-136.
77. Salmon, P. M., Stanton, N. A., Walker, G. H., Baber, C., Jenkins, D. P., McMaster, R., et al. (2008). What really is going on? Review of situation awareness models for individuals and teams. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 9, 297-323.
78. Salmon, P. M., Stanton, N. A., Walker, G. H., & Green, D. (2006). Situation awareness measurement:A review of applicability for C4i environments. Applied Ergonomics, 37, 225-238.
79. Salmon, P. M., Stanton, N. A., Walker, G. H., Jenkins, D. P., & Rafferty, L. (2010). Is it really better to share? Distributed situation awareness and its implications for collaborative system design. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 11, 58-83.
80. Saner, L. D., Bolstad, C. A., Gonzalez, C., & Cuevas, H. M. (2009). Measuring and predicting shared situation awareness in teams. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 3, 280-308.
81. Sarter, N. B., & Woods, D. D. (1991). Situation awareness: A critical but ill-defined phenomenon. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1, 45-57.
82. Schaeken, W., Johnson-Laird, P. N., & d’Ydewalle, G. (1996). Mental models and temporal reasoning. Cognition, 60, 205-234.
83. Schwartz, D. (1990). Training for situational awareness. Houston, TX: Flight Safety International.
84. Shrestha, L. B., Prince, C., Baker, D. P., & Salas, E. (1995). Understanding situation awareness:Concepts, methods, and training. Human Factors, 37, 45-83.
85. Smith, K., & Hancock, P. A. (1995). Situation awareness is adaptive, externally directed consciousness. Human Factors Special Issue: Situation Awareness, 37, 137-148.
86. Smith-Jentsch, K. A., Campbell, G. E., Milanovich, D. M., & Reynolds, A. M. (2001). Measuring teamwork mental models to support training needs assessment, development, and evaluation: Two empirical studies. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 179-194.
87. Smith-Jentsch, K. A., Cannon-Bowers, J. A., Tannenbaum, S. I., & Salas, E. (2008). Guided team self-correction: Impacts on team mental models, processes, and effectiveness. Small Group Research, 39, 303-327.
88. Standifer, R. L. (2012). The emergence of temporal coordination within multi-team systems. In S. J. Zaccaro, L. A. DeChurch, & M. A. Marks (Eds.), Multi-team systems: An organization form for dynamic and complex environments (pp. 395-427). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis/Routledge.
89. Standifer, R., & Bluedorn, A. (2006). Alliance management teams and entrainment: Sharing temporal mental models. Human Relations, 59, 903-927.
90. Stanton, N. A., Salmon, P. M., Walker, G. H., & Jenkins, D. P. (2010). Is situation awareness all in the mind? Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 11, 29-40.
91. Stanton, N. A., Stewart, R., Harris, D., Houghton, R. J., Baber, C., McMaster, R., et al. (2006). Distributed situation awareness in dynamic systems: Theoretical development and application of an ergonomics methodology. Ergonomics, 49, 1288-1311.
92. Stout, R. J., Carson, R., & Salas, E. (1991, August). Can team process behaviors enhance performance? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
93. Tindale, R. S., Meisenhelder, H. M., Dykema-Engblade, A. A., & Hogg, M. A. (2001). Shared cognition in small groups. In M. A. Hogg & R. Tindale (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (pp. 1-30). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
94. Tindale, R. S., Smith, C. M., Thomas, L. S., Filkins, J., & Sheffey, S. (1996). Shared representations and symmetric social influence processes in small groups. In E. Witte & J. H. Davis (Eds.), Understanding group behavior: Consensual action by small groups (Vol. 1). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
95. Tschan, F., McGrath, J. E., Semmer, N. K., Aramett, M., Bogenstatter, Y., & Marsch, S. U. (2009). Temporal aspects of processes in ad-hoc groups: A conceptual schema and some research examples. In R. A. Roe, M. J. Waller, & S. R. Clegg (Eds.), Time in organizational research (pp. 42-61). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis/Routledge.
96. van Ginkel, W. P., & van Knippenberg, D. (2008). Group information elaboration and group decision making: The role of shared task representations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105, 82-97.
97. Waller, M. J., Gupta, N., & Giambatista, R. C. (2004). Effects of adaptive behaviors and shared mental models on control crew performance. Management Science, 50, 1534-1544.
98. Warner, N. W., & Letsky, M. (2008). Empirical model of team collaboration focus on macrocognition. In M. Letsky, N. Warner, S. M. Fiore, & C. Smith (Eds.), Macrocognition in teams: Theories and methodologies (pp. 15-34). London, UK: Ashgate Publishers.
99. Wellens, A. R. (1993). Group situation awareness and distributed decision making: From military to civilian applications. In N. J. Castellan, Jr. (Ed.), Individual and group decision making: Current issues (pp. 267-291). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
100. Wellens, A. R., & Ergener, D. (1988). The C.I.T.I.E.S. game: A computer-based situation assessment task for studying distributed decision making. Simulation and Games, 19, 304-327.
101. Wilson, K. A., Salas, E., Priest, H., & Andrews, D. (2007). Errors in the heat of the battle:Taking a closer look at shared cognition breakdowns through teamwork. Human Factors, 49, 243-256.