Interaction of gravity waves with the QBO: A satellite perspective

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volumn 119, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 2329-2355

  Ern, M ^a   Ploeger, F ^a   Preusse, P ^a   Gille, J C ^b,c   Gray, L J ^d   Kalisch, S ^a   Mlynczak, M G ^e   Russell, J M ^f   Riese, M ^a  

^a FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^e NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^f HAMPTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BUDGET CONTROL; DRAG; MOMENTUM; OSCILLATORS (MECHANICAL); TROPICS; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; ERA INTERIMS; MOMENTUM BUDGET; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS;

GRAVITY WAVES;

ADVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC WAVE; CLIMATE MODELING; GRAVITY WAVE; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SATELLITE DATA; STRATOSPHERE; TROPICAL REGION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; WEATHER; WIND SHEAR; ZONAL WIND;

EID: 84898461430     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2013JD020731     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Alexander, M. J., and K. H. Rosenlof (2003), Gravity-wave forcing in the stratosphere: Observational constraints from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite and implications for parameterization in global models, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4597, doi:10.1029/2003JD003373.
2. Alexander, M. J., et al. (2008), Global estimates of gravity wave momentum flux from High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder observations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15S18, doi:10.1029/2007JD008807.
3. Alexander, M. J., et al. (2010), Recent developments in gravity-wave effects in climate models and the global distribution of gravity-wave momentum flux from observations and models, Q. J. R. Meteorolog. Soc., 136, 1103–1124, doi:10.1002/qj.637.
4. Andrews, D. G., J. R. Holton, and C. B. Leovy (1987), Middle Atmosphere Dynamics, 489 pp., Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
5. Baldwin, M. P., et al. (2001), The quasi-biennial oscillation, Rev. Geophys., 39, 179–229.
6. Barnett, J. J., C. L. Hepplewhite, S. Osprey, J. C. Gille, and R. Khosravi (2008), Cross-validation of HIRDLS and COSMIC radio-occultation retrievals, particularly in relation to fine vertical structure, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 7082, 708216, doi:10.1117/12.800702.
7. Boer, G. J., and K. Hamilton (2008), QBO influence on extratropical predictive skill, Clim. Dyn., 31, 987–1000, doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0379-5.
8. Choi, H.-J., H.-Y. Chun, J. Gong, and D. L. Wu (2012), Comparison of gravity wave temperature variances from ray-based spectral parameterization of convective gravity wave drag with AIRS observations, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D05115, doi:10.1029/2011JD016900.
9. Dee, D. P., et al. (2011), The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. R. Meteorolog. Soc., 137, 553–597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.
10. de la Torre, A., T. Schmidt, and J. Wickert (2006), A global analysis of wave potential energy in the lower and middle atmosphere from CHAMP and SAC-C GPS-RO long term data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24809, doi:10.1029/2006GL027696.
11. Dunkerton, T. J. (1997), The role of gravity waves in the quasi-biennial oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26,053–26,076.
12. Ebdon, R. A. (1975), The quasi-biennial oscillation and its association with tropospheric circulation patterns, Meteorol. Mag., 104, 282–297.
13. Ern, M., and P. Preusse (2009a), Wave fluxes of equatorial Kelvin waves and QBO zonal wind forcing derived from SABER and ECMWF temperature space-time spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3957–3986, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3957-2009.
14. Ern, M., and P. Preusse (2009b), Quantification of the contribution of equatorial Kelvin waves to the QBO wind reversal in the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21801, doi:10.1029/2009GL040493.
15. Ern, M., and P. Preusse (2012), Gravity wave momentum flux spectra observed from satellite in the summertime subtropics: Implications for global modeling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15810, doi:10.1029/2012GL052659.
16. Ern, M., P. Preusse, M. J. Alexander, and C. D. Warner (2004), Absolute values of gravity wave momentum flux derived from satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D20103, doi:10.1029/2004JD004752.
17. Ern, M., P. Preusse, and C. D. Warner (2005), A comparison between CRISTA satellite data and Warner and McIntyre gravity wave parameterization scheme: Horizontal and vertical wavelength filtering of gravity wave momentum flux, Adv.Space Res., 35, 2017–2023, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.109.
18. Ern, M., P. Preusse, M. Krebsbach, M. G. Mlynczak, and J. M. Russell III (2008), Equatorial wave analysis from SABER and ECMWF temperatures, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 845–869, doi:10.5194/acp-8-845-2008.
19. Ern, M., C. Lehmann, M. Kaufmann, and M. Riese (2009a), Spectral wave analysis at the mesopause from SCIAMACHY airglow data compared to SABER temperature spectra, Ann. Geophys., 27, 407–416.
20. Ern, M., H.-K. Cho, P. Preusse, and S. D. Eckermann (2009b), Properties of the average distribution of equatorial Kelvin waves investigated with the GROGRAT ray tracer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7973–7995, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7973-2009.
21. Ern, M., P. Preusse, J. C. Gille, C. L. Hepplewhite, M. G. Mlynczak, J. M. Russell III, and M. Riese (2011), Implications for atmospheric dynamics derived from global observations of gravity wave momentum flux in stratosphere and mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D19107, doi:10.1029/2011JD015821.
22. Ern, M., C. Arras, A. Faber, K. Fröhlich, Ch. Jacobi, S. Kalisch, M. Krebsbach, P. Preusse, T. Schmidt, and J. Wickert (2013a), Observations and ray tracing of gravity waves: Implications for global modeling, in Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Highlights from a Priority Program, edited by F.-J. Lübken, pp. 383–408, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4348-9_21.
23. Ern, M., P. Preusse, S. Kalisch, M. Kaufmann, and M. Riese (2013b), Role of gravity waves in the forcing of quasi two-day waves in the mesosphere: An observational study, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 3467–3485, doi:10.1029/2012JD018208.
24. Evan, S., M. J. Alexander, and J. Dudhia (2012), WRF simulations of convectively generated gravity waves in opposite QBO phases, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D12117, doi:10.1029/2011JD017302.
25. Forbes, J. M., X. Zhang, S. E. Palo, J. M. Russell III, C. J. Mertens, and M. G. Mlynczak (2009), Kelvin waves in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere temperatures as observed by TIMED SABER during 2002–2006, Earth Planets Space, 61, 447–453.
26. Fritts, D. C., and M. J. Alexander (2003), Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere, Rev. Geophys., 41(1), 1003, doi:10.1029/2001RG000106.
27. Geller, M. A., et al. (2013), A comparison between gravity wave momentum fluxes in observations and climate models, J. Clim., 26, 6383–6405, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00545.1.
28. Gerber, E. P., et al. (2012), Assessing and understanding the impact of stratospheric dynamics and variability on the Earth system, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 845–859, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00145.1.
29. Gille, J. C., J. J. Barnett, J. Whitney, M. Dials, D. Woodard, W. Rudolf, A. Lambert, and W. Mankin (2003), The high resolution dynamics limb sounder (HIRDLS) experiment on Aura, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 5152, 162–171.
30. Gille, J. C., et al. (2008), High resolution dynamics limb sounder: Experiment overview, recovery, and validation of initial temperature data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16S43, doi:10.1029/2007JD008824.
31. Gille, J. C., et al. (2011), High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder Earth Observing System (EOS): Data description and quality, Version 6 (V6). [Document available at: http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/data-holdings.]
32. Giorgetta, M. A., E. Manzini, and E. Roeckner (2002), Forcing of the quasi-biennial oscillation from a broad spectrum of atmospheric waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1245, doi:10.1029/2002GL014756.
33. Giorgetta, M. A., E. Manzini, E. Roeckner, M. Esch, and L. Bengtsson (2006), Climatology and forcing of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in the MAECHAM5 model, J. Clim., 19, 3882–3901.
34. Gong, J., M. A. Geller, and L. Wang (2008), Source spectra information derived from U.S. high-resolution radiosonde data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10106, doi:10.1029/2007JD009252.
35. Gong, J., D. L. Wu, and S. D. Eckermann (2012), Gravity wave variances and propagation derived from AIRS radiances, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1701–1720, doi:10.5194/acp-12-1701-2012.
36. Gray, L. J., et al. (2010), Solar influences on climate, Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4001, doi:10.1029/2009RG000282.
37. Hertzog, A., G. Boccara, R. A. Vincent, F. Vial, and P. Cocquerez (2008), Estimation of gravity-wave momentum flux and phase speeds from quasi-Lagrangian stratospheric balloon flights: 2. Results from the Vorcore campaign in Antarctica, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3056–3070.
38. Hertzog, A., M. J. Alexander, and R. Plougonven (2012), On the intermittency of gravity wave momentum flux in the stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 3433–3448.
39. Holton, J. R., and R. S. Lindzen (1972), An updated theory for the quasi-biennial cycle of the tropical stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1076–1080.
40. Holton, J. R., and H.-C. Tan (1980), The influence of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation on the global circulation at 50 mb, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2200–2208.
41. Kawatani, Y., K. Sato, T. J. Dunkerton, S. Watanabe, S. Miyahara, and M. Takahashi (2010), The roles of equatorial trapped waves and internal inertia gravity waves in driving the quasi-biennial oscillation. Part I: Zonal mean wave forcing, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 963–980, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3222.1.
42. Kim, Y.-H., A. C. Bushell, D. R. Jackson, and H.-Y. Chun (2013), Impacts of introducing a convective gravity-wave parameterization upon the QBO in the Met Office Unified Model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1873–1877, doi:10.1002/grl.50353.
43. Krebsbach, M., and P. Preusse (2007), Spectral analysis of gravity wave activity in SABER temperature data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03814, doi:10.1029/2006GL028040.
44. Lehmann, C. I., Y.-H. Kim, P. Preusse, H.-Y. Chun, M. Ern, and S.-Y. Kim (2012), Consistency between Fourier transform and small-volume few-wave decomposition for spectral and spatial variability of gravity waves above a typhoon, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1637–1651, doi:10.5194/amt-5-1637-2012.
45. Lindzen, R. S. (1981), Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9707–9714.
46. Lindzen, R. S., and J. R. Holton (1968), A theory of the quasi-biennial oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 1095–1107.
47. Lott, F., L. Guez, and P. Maury (2012), A stochastic parameterization of non-orographic gravity waves: Formalism and impact on the equatorial stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06807, doi:10.1029/2012GL051001.
48. Marshall, A. G., and A. A. Scaife (2009), Impact of the QBO on surface winter climate, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D18110, doi:10.1029/2009JD011737.
49. Mlynczak, M. G. (1997), Energetics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and the SABER instrument, Adv. Space Res., 44, 1177–1183.
50. Monier, E., and B. C. Weare (2011), Climatology and trends in the forcing of the stratospheric zonal-mean flow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12,751–12,771, doi:10.5194/acp-11-12751-2011.
51. Orr, A., P. Bechtold, J. F. Scinocca, M. Ern, and M. Janiskova (2010), Improved middle atmosphere climate and forecasts in the ECMWF model through a nonorographic gravity wave drag parameterization, J. Clim., 23, 5905–5926, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3490.1.
52. Preusse, P., A. Dörnbrack, S. D. Eckermann, M. Riese, B. Schaeler, J. T. Bacmeister, D. Broutman, and K. U. Grossmann (2002), Space-based measurements of stratospheric mountain waves by CRISTA, 1. Sensitivity, analysis method, and a case study, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 8178, doi:10.1029/2001JD000699.
53. Preusse, P., S. Schroeder, L. Hoffmann, M. Ern, F. Friedl-Vallon, H. Oelhaf, H. Fischer, and M. Riese (2009), New perspectives on gravity wave remote sensing by spaceborne infrared limb imaging, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 299–311.
54. Randel, W. J., and F. Wu (2005), Kelvin wave variability near the equatorial tropopause observed in GPS radio occultation measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D03102, doi:10.1029/2004JD005006.
55. Ratnam, M. V., T. Tsuda, T. Kozu, and S. Mori (2006), Long-term behavior of the Kelvin waves revealed by CHAMP/GPS RO measurements and their effect on the tropopause structure, Ann. Geophys., 24, 1355–1366.
56. Remsberg, E. E., L. L. Gordley, B. T. Marshall, R. E. Thompson, J. Burton, P. Bhatt, V. L. Harvey, G. Lingenfelser, and M. Natarajan (2004), The Nimbus 7 LIMS version 6 radiance conditioning and temperature retrieval methods and results, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 86, 395–424, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2003.12.007.
57. Remsberg, E. E., et al. (2008), Assessment of the quality of the Version 1.07 temperature-versus-pressure profiles of the middle atmosphere from TIMED/SABER, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17101, doi:10.1029/2008JD010013.
58. Richter, J. H., F. Sassi, and R. R. Garcia (2010), Toward a physically based gravity wave source parameterization in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 136–156.
59. Russell, J. M., III, M. G. Mlynczak, L. L. Gordley, J. Tansock, and R. Esplin (1999), An overview of the SABER experiment and preliminary calibration results, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 3756, 277–288.
60. Sato, K., M. Yamamori, S.-Y. Ogino, N. Takahashi, Y. Tomikawa, and T. Yamanouchi (2003), A meridional scan of the stratospheric gravity wave field over the ocean in 2001 (MeSSO2001), J. Geophys. Res., 108(D16), 4491, doi:10.1029/2002JD003219.
61. Scaife, A., N. Butchart, C. D. Warner, D. Stainforth, and W. Norton (2000), Realistic quasi-biennial oscillations in a simulation of the global climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3481–3484.
62. Schroeder, S., P. Preusse, M. Ern, and M. Riese (2009), Gravity waves resolved in ECMWF and measured by SABER, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L10805, doi:10.1029/2008GL037054.
63. Seviour, W. J. M., N. Butchart, and S. C. Hardiman (2012), The Brewer-Dobson circulation inferred from ERA-Interim, Q. J. R. Meteorolog. Soc., 138, 878–888, doi:10.1002/qj.966.
64. Song, I.-S., H.-Y. Chun, R. R. Garcia, and B. A. Boville (2007), Momentum flux spectrum of convectively forced inertial gravity waves and its application to gravity wave drag parameterization. Part II: Impact in a GCM (WACCM), J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2286–2308.
65. Ungermann, J., L. Hoffmann, P. Preusse, M. Kaufmann, and M. Riese (2010), Tomographic retrieval approach for mesoscale gravity wave observations by the PREMIER Infrared Limb-Sounder, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 339–354.
66. Warner, C. D., A. A. Scaife, and N. Butchart (2005), Filtering of parameterized nonorographic gravity waves in the Met Office unified model, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1831–1848.
67. Wright, C. J., S. M. Osprey, J. J. Barnett, L. J. Gray, and J. C. Gille (2010), High resolution dynamics limb sounder measurements of gravity wave activity in the 2006 Arctic stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D02105, doi:10.1029/2009JD011858.
68. Wright, C. J., M. B. Rivas, and J. C. Gille (2011), Intercomparisons of HIRDLS, COSMIC and SABER for the detection of stratospheric gravity waves, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1581–1591, doi:10.5194/amt-4-1581-2011.
69. Wright, C. J., S. M. Osprey, and J. C. Gille (2013), Global observations of gravity wave intermittency and its impact on the observed momentum flux morphology, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 10,980–10,993, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50869.
70. Wu, D. L., and S. D. Eckermann (2008), Global gravity wave variances from Aura MLS: Characteristics and interpretation, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3695–3718.
71. Xue, X.-H., H.-L. Liu, and X.-K. Dou (2012), Parameterization of the inertial gravity waves and generation of the quasi-biennial oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D06103, doi:10.1029/2011JD016778.
72. Yang, G.-Y., B. Hoskins, and L. J. Gray (2012), The influence of the QBO on the propagation of equatorial waves into the stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 2959–2982.