메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue , 2014, Pages 89-100

Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B5, favorably alters total, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol in low to moderate cardiovascular risk subjects eligible for statin therapy: A triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation

Author keywords

Cardiovascular diseases; Controlled clinical trial; Dietary supplements; Hypercholesterolemia; Nutritional and metabolic diseases; Pantethine

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN B; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HOMOCYSTEINE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LIPOPROTEIN A; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PANTESIN; PANTETHINE; PLACEBO; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UBIDECARENONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84897840075     PISSN: 11766344     EISSN: 11782048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S57116     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (65)
  • 3
    • 8844246477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines
    • Coordinating Committee of the National Cholesterol Education Program
    • Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, et al; Coordinating Committee of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24(8):e149-e161.
    • (2004) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. , vol.24 , Issue.8
    • Grundy, S.M.1    Cleeman, J.I.2    Merz, C.N.3
  • 4
    • 0035897696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive summary of The Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
    • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults
    • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of The Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285(19): 2486-2497.
    • (2001) JAMA. , vol.285 , Issue.19 , pp. 2486-2497
  • 6
    • 2342615606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Law MR, Wald NJ, Rudnicka AR. BMJ 2003;326: 1407-408
    • Anand SS. Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. Law MR, Wald NJ, Rudnicka AR. BMJ 2003;326: 1407-408. Vasc Med. 2003;8(4):289-290.
    • (2003) Vasc Med. , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 289-290
    • Anand, S.S.1
  • 7
    • 33751507008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases with statin therapy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Thavendiranathan P, Bagai A, Brookhart MA, Choudhry NK. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases with statin therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(21):2307-2313.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med. , vol.166 , Issue.21 , pp. 2307-2313
    • Thavendiranathan, P.1    Bagai, A.2    Brookhart, M.A.3    Choudhry, N.K.4
  • 8
    • 0037225293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating hypercholesterolemia: Looking forward
    • Gotto AM. Treating hypercholesterolemia: looking forward. Clin Cardiol. 2003;26(1 Suppl 1):I21-I28.
    • (2003) Clin Cardiol. , vol.26 , Issue.1 SUPPL. 1
    • Gotto, A.M.1
  • 9
    • 50249123047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in statin use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among US adults: Impact of the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines
    • Mann D, Reynolds K, Smith D, Muntner P. Trends in statin use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among US adults: impact of the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(9):1208-1215.
    • (2008) Ann Pharmacother. , vol.42 , Issue.9 , pp. 1208-1215
    • Mann, D.1    Reynolds, K.2    Smith, D.3    Muntner, P.4
  • 10
    • 79959428660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: A meta-analysis
    • Preiss D, Seshasai SR, Welsh P, et al. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305(24):2556-2564.
    • (2011) JAMA. , vol.305 , Issue.24 , pp. 2556-2564
    • Preiss, D.1    Seshasai, S.R.2    Welsh, P.3
  • 11
    • 0037051164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis with lipid-lowering drugs
    • Hodel C. Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis with lipid-lowering drugs. Toxicol Lett. 2002;128(1-3):159-168.
    • (2002) Toxicol Lett. , vol.128 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 159-168
    • Hodel, C.1
  • 12
    • 0037146230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy for dyslipidemia: Safety and regulatory considerations
    • Davidson MH. Combination therapy for dyslipidemia: safety and regulatory considerations. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90(10B):50K-60K.
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol. , vol.90 , Issue.10 B
    • Davidson, M.H.1
  • 13
    • 84862908066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative
    • Culver AL, Ockene IS, Balasubramanian R, et al. Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(2):144-152.
    • (2012) Arch Intern Med. , vol.172 , Issue.2 , pp. 144-152
    • Culver, A.L.1    Ockene, I.S.2    Balasubramanian, R.3
  • 14
    • 77549087054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins and risk of incident diabetes: A collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials
    • Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM, et al. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet. 2010;375(9716):735-742.
    • (2010) Lancet. , vol.375 , Issue.9716 , pp. 735-742
    • Sattar, N.1    Preiss, D.2    Murray, H.M.3
  • 15
    • 79953183649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of new-onset diabetes in patients treated with atorvastatin: Results from 3 large randomized clinical trials
    • Waters DD, Ho JE, DeMicco DA, et al. Predictors of new-onset diabetes in patients treated with atorvastatin: results from 3 large randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(14):1535-1545.
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.57 , Issue.14 , pp. 1535-1545
    • Waters, D.D.1    Ho, J.E.2    DeMicco, D.A.3
  • 17
    • 20044366995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose atorvastatin associated with worse glycemic control: A PROVE-IT TIMI 22 substudy
    • Sabatine MS, Wiviott SD, Morrow DA, McCabe CH, Cannon CP. High-dose atorvastatin associated with worse glycemic control: a PROVE-IT TIMI 22 substudy. Circulation. 2004;110(Suppl III):S834.
    • (2004) Circulation. , vol.110 , Issue.SUPPL. III
    • Sabatine, M.S.1    Wiviott, S.D.2    Morrow, D.A.3    McCabe, C.H.4    Cannon, C.P.5
  • 18
    • 77949300393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin causes insulin resistance and increases ambient glycemia in hypercholesterolemic patients
    • Koh KK, Quon MJ, Han SH, Lee Y, Kim SJ, Shin EK. Atorvastatin causes insulin resistance and increases ambient glycemia in hypercholesterolemic patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(12):1209-1216.
    • (2010) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.55 , Issue.12 , pp. 1209-1216
    • Koh, K.K.1    Quon, M.J.2    Han, S.H.3    Lee, Y.4    Kim, S.J.5    Shin, E.K.6
  • 20
    • 0026627915 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pantethine on lipogenesis and CO2 production in the isolated hepatocytes of the chick (Gallus domesticus)
    • Hsu JC, Tanaka K, Inayama I, Ohtani S. Effects of pantethine on lipogenesis and CO2 production in the isolated hepatocytes of the chick (Gallus domesticus). Comp Biochem Physiol Comp Physiol. 1992;102(3):569-572.
    • (1992) Comp Biochem Physiol Comp Physiol. , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 569-572
    • Hsu, J.C.1    Tanaka, K.2    Inayama, I.3    Ohtani, S.4
  • 22
    • 0021660429 scopus 로고
    • Pantethine and pantothenate effect on the CoA content of rat liver
    • Branca D, Scutari G, Siliprandi N. Pantethine and pantothenate effect on the CoA content of rat liver. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1984;54(2-3):211-216.
    • (1984) Int J Vitam Nutr Res. , vol.54 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 211-216
    • Branca, D.1    Scutari, G.2    Siliprandi, N.3
  • 23
    • 0023218412 scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral treatment with pantethine on platelet and plasma phospholipids in IIa hyperlipoproteinemia
    • Prisco D, Rogasi PG, Matucci M, et al. Effect of oral treatment with pantethine on platelet and plasma phospholipids in IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. Angiology. 1987;38(3):241-247.
    • (1987) Angiology. , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 241-247
    • Prisco, D.1    Rogasi, P.G.2    Matucci, M.3
  • 24
    • 0022395399 scopus 로고
    • Changes in fatty acid composition of the single platelet phospholipids induced by pantethine treatment
    • Gensini GF, Prisco D, Rogasi PG, Matucci M, Neri Serneri GG. Changes in fatty acid composition of the single platelet phospholipids induced by pantethine treatment. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1985;5(5):309-318.
    • (1985) Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 309-318
    • Gensini, G.F.1    Prisco, D.2    Rogasi, P.G.3    Matucci, M.4    Neri Serneri, G.G.5
  • 25
    • 33645083483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine: Role and implications in atherosclerosis
    • Guthikonda S, Haynes WG. Homocysteine: role and implications in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2006;8(2):100-106.
    • (2006) Curr Atheroscler Rep. , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 100-106
    • Guthikonda, S.1    Haynes, W.G.2
  • 26
    • 0000083035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine metabolism: Nutritional modulation and impact on health and disease
    • Miller AL, Kelly GS. homocysteine metabolism: nutritional modulation and impact on health and disease. Altern Med Rev. 1997;2(4): 234-254.
    • (1997) Altern Med Rev. , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 234-254
    • Miller, A.L.1    Kelly, G.S.2
  • 27
    • 0022477138 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of long-term treatment with pantethine in patients with dyslipidemia
    • Arsenio L, Bodria P, Magnati G, Strata A, Trovato R. Effectiveness of long-term treatment with pantethine in patients with dyslipidemia. Clin Ther. 1986;8(5):537-545.
    • (1986) Clin Ther. , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 537-545
    • Arsenio, L.1    Bodria, P.2    Magnati, G.3    Strata, A.4    Trovato, R.5
  • 28
    • 0021335866 scopus 로고
    • Controlled evaluation of pantethine, a natural hypolipidemic compound, in patients with different forms of hyperlipoproteinemia
    • Gaddi A, Descovich GC, Noseda G, et al. Controlled evaluation of pantethine, a natural hypolipidemic compound, in patients with different forms of hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis. 1984;50(1):73-83.
    • (1984) Atherosclerosis. , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-83
    • Gaddi, A.1    Descovich, G.C.2    Noseda, G.3
  • 29
    • 0021750852 scopus 로고
    • Pantethine reduces plasma cholesterol and the severity of arterial lesions in experimental hypercholesterolemic rabbits
    • Carrara P, Matturri L, Galbussera M, Lovati MR, Franceschini G, Sirtori CR. Pantethine reduces plasma cholesterol and the severity of arterial lesions in experimental hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Atherosclerosis. 1984;53(3):255-264.
    • (1984) Atherosclerosis. , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-264
    • Carrara, P.1    Matturri, L.2    Galbussera, M.3    Lovati, M.R.4    Franceschini, G.5    Sirtori, C.R.6
  • 30
    • 0023002072 scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein changes induced by pantethine in hyperlipoproteinemic patients: Adults and children
    • Bertolini S, Donati C, Elicio N, et al. Lipoprotein changes induced by pantethine in hyperlipoproteinemic patients: adults and children. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1986;24(11):630-637.
    • (1986) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. , vol.24 , Issue.11 , pp. 630-637
    • Bertolini, S.1    Donati, C.2    Elicio, N.3
  • 31
    • 0021881123 scopus 로고
    • The effects of pantethine on lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in survivors of cerebral infarction
    • Murai A, Miyahara T, Tanaka T, Sako Y, Nishimura N, Kameyama M. The effects of pantethine on lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in survivors of cerebral infarction. Artery. 1985;12(4):234-243.
    • (1985) Artery. , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 234-243
    • Murai, A.1    Miyahara, T.2    Tanaka, T.3    Sako, Y.4    Nishimura, N.5    Kameyama, M.6
  • 32
    • 16844363076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia with pantethine: A review and analysis of efficacy and tolerability
    • McRae MP. Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia with pantethine: a review and analysis of efficacy and tolerability. Nutr Res. 2005;25(4): 319-333.
    • (2005) Nutr Res. , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 319-333
    • McRae, M.P.1
  • 33
    • 0025922955 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hyperlipemia in diabetic patients on dialysis with a physiological substance
    • Coronel F, Tornero F, Torrente J, et al. Treatment of hyperlipemia in diabetic patients on dialysis with a physiological substance. Am J Nephrol. 1991;11(1):32-36.
    • (1991) Am J Nephrol. , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-36
    • Coronel, F.1    Tornero, F.2    Torrente, J.3
  • 34
    • 80052971892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B(5) used as a nutritional supplement, favorably alters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in low-to moderate-cardiovascular risk North American subjects: A triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation
    • Rumberger JA, Napolitano J, Azumano I, Kamiya T, Evans M. Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B(5) used as a nutritional supplement, favorably alters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in low-to moderate-cardiovascular risk North American subjects: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. Nutr Res. 2011;31(8):608-615.
    • (2011) Nutr Res. , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 608-615
    • Rumberger, J.A.1    Napolitano, J.2    Azumano, I.3    Kamiya, T.4    Evans, M.5
  • 35
    • 9244223015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
    • Yuhasz M.S., Physical Fitness Manual. University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. 1997.
    • (1997) Physical Fitness Manual.
    • Yuhasz, M.S.1
  • 37
    • 0028072711 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Hypertension
    • Pyörälä K, De Backer G, Graham I, Poole-Wilson P, Wood D. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Hypertension. Eur Heart J. 1994;15(10):1300-1331.
    • (1994) Eur Heart J. , vol.15 , Issue.10 , pp. 1300-1331
    • Pyörälä, K.1    De Backer, G.2    Graham, I.3    Poole-Wilson, P.4    Wood, D.5
  • 38
    • 0026558610 scopus 로고
    • Lipids and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study
    • Castelli WP, Anderson K, Wilson PW, Levy D. Lipids and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1992;2(1-2):23-28.
    • (1992) Ann Epidemiol. , vol.2 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 23-28
    • Castelli, W.P.1    Anderson, K.2    Wilson, P.W.3    Levy, D.4
  • 39
    • 0029060065 scopus 로고
    • Serum total cholesterol and long-term coronary heart disease mortality in different cultures. Twenty-five-year follow-up of the seven countries study
    • Verschuren WM, Jacobs DR, Bloemberg BP, et al. Serum total cholesterol and long-term coronary heart disease mortality in different cultures. Twenty-five-year follow-up of the seven countries study. JAMA. 1995;274(2):131-136.
    • (1995) JAMA. , vol.274 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-136
    • Verschuren, W.M.1    Jacobs, D.R.2    Bloemberg, B.P.3
  • 40
    • 0025086998 scopus 로고
    • Effect of partial ileal bypass surgery on mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Report of the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH)
    • Buchwald H, Varco RL, Matts JP, et al. Effect of partial ileal bypass surgery on mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Report of the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH). N Engl J Med. 1990;323(14):946-955.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med. , vol.323 , Issue.14 , pp. 946-955
    • Buchwald, H.1    Varco, R.L.2    Matts, J.P.3
  • 41
    • 2542461241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal low-density lipoprotein is 50 to 70 mg/dl: Lower is better and physiologically normal
    • O'Keefe JH, Cordain L, Harris WH, Moe RM, Vogel R. Optimal low-density lipoprotein is 50 to 70 mg/dl: lower is better and physiologically normal. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(11):2142-2146.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.43 , Issue.11 , pp. 2142-2146
    • O'Keefe, J.H.1    Cordain, L.2    Harris, W.H.3    Moe, R.M.4    Vogel, R.5
  • 42
    • 0942265627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual foundations of the UCSD Statin Study: A randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of statins on cognition, behavior, and biochemistry
    • Golomb BA, Criqui MH, White H, Dimsdale JE. Conceptual foundations of the UCSD Statin Study: a randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of statins on cognition, behavior, and biochemistry. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(2):153-162.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med. , vol.164 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-162
    • Golomb, B.A.1    Criqui, M.H.2    White, H.3    Dimsdale, J.E.4
  • 43
    • 0028245373 scopus 로고
    • Effects of age, gender, and menopausal status on plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels in the Framingham Offspring Study
    • Schaefer EJ, Lamon-Fava S, Cohn SD, et al. Effects of age, gender, and menopausal status on plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels in the Framingham Offspring Study. J Lipid Res. 1994;35(5):779-792.
    • (1994) J Lipid Res. , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 779-792
    • Schaefer, E.J.1    Lamon-Fava, S.2    Cohn, S.D.3
  • 44
    • 0037031061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9326):7-22.
    • (2002) Lancet. , vol.360 , Issue.9326 , pp. 7-22
  • 45
    • 0037164314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): A randomised controlled trial
    • PROSPER study group
    • Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, et al; PROSPER study group. PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9346):1623-1630.
    • (2002) Lancet. , vol.360 , Issue.9346 , pp. 1623-1630
    • Shepherd, J.1    Blauw, G.J.2    Murphy, M.B.3
  • 46
    • 0037132607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT)
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group
    • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA. 2002;288(23):2998-3007.
    • (2002) JAMA. , vol.288 , Issue.23 , pp. 2998-3007
  • 47
    • 0037420492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): A multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • ASCOT investigators
    • Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR, et al; ASCOT investigators. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361(9364):1149-1158.
    • (2003) Lancet. , vol.361 , Issue.9364 , pp. 1149-1158
    • Sever, P.S.1    Dahlöf, B.2    Poulter, N.R.3
  • 48
    • 0027987849 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)
    • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344(8934):1383-1389.
    • (1994) Lancet. , vol.344 , Issue.8934 , pp. 1383-1389
  • 49
    • 0342981862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators
    • Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(14):1001-1009.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med. , vol.335 , Issue.14 , pp. 1001-1009
    • Sacks, F.M.1    Pfeffer, M.A.2    Moye, L.A.3
  • 50
    • 0032487931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels
    • The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(19):1349-1357.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med. , vol.339 , Issue.19 , pp. 1349-1357
  • 51
    • 0028883828 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group
    • Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333(20):1301-1307.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med. , vol.333 , Issue.20 , pp. 1301-1307
    • Shepherd, J.1    Cobbe, S.M.2    Ford, I.3
  • 52
    • 0032572086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study
    • Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA. 1998;279(20):1615-1622.
    • (1998) JAMA. , vol.279 , Issue.20 , pp. 1615-1622
    • Downs, J.R.1    Clearfield, M.2    Weis, S.3
  • 53
    • 0028181730 scopus 로고
    • By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic heart disease?
    • Law MR, Wald NJ, Thompson SG. By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic heart disease? BMJ. 1994;308(6925):367-372.
    • (1994) BMJ. , vol.308 , Issue.6925 , pp. 367-372
    • Law, M.R.1    Wald, N.J.2    Thompson, S.G.3
  • 54
    • 33646765431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hordaland Homocysteine Study: A community-based study of homocysteine, its determinants, and associations with disease
    • Refsum H, Nurk E, Smith AD, et al. The Hordaland Homocysteine Study: a community-based study of homocysteine, its determinants, and associations with disease. J Nutr. 2006;136(Suppl 6): 1731S-1740S.
    • (2006) J Nutr. , vol.136 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Refsum, H.1    Nurk, E.2    Smith, A.D.3
  • 55
    • 33645753544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease
    • Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) 2 Investigators
    • Lonn E, Yusuf S, Arnold MJ, et al; Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) 2 Investigators. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(15): 1567-1577.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med. , vol.354 , Issue.15 , pp. 1567-1577
    • Lonn, E.1    Yusuf, S.2    Arnold, M.J.3
  • 56
    • 77957949167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lowering homocysteine levels with B vitamins on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cause-specific mortality: Meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials involving 37 485 individuals
    • B-Vitamin Treatment Trialists' Collaboration
    • Clarke R, Halsey J, Lewington S, et al; B-Vitamin Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of lowering homocysteine levels with B vitamins on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cause-specific mortality: Meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials involving 37 485 individuals. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(18):1622-1631.
    • (2010) Arch Intern Med. , vol.170 , Issue.18 , pp. 1622-1631
    • Clarke, R.1    Halsey, J.2    Lewington, S.3
  • 58
    • 0027158373 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of plasma CoQ10-lowering effect by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Ghirlanda G, Oradei A, Manto A, et al. Evidence of plasma CoQ10-lowering effect by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;33(3):226-229.
    • (1993) J Clin Pharmacol. , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 226-229
    • Ghirlanda, G.1    Oradei, A.2    Manto, A.3
  • 59
    • 77957352775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic disorders
    • Sanz Y, Santacruz A, Gauffin P. Gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic disorders. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69(3):434-441.
    • (2010) Proc Nutr Soc. , vol.69 , Issue.3 , pp. 434-441
    • Sanz, Y.1    Santacruz, A.2    Gauffin, P.3
  • 60
    • 84872847381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gut microbial metabolome: Modulation of cancer risk in obese individuals
    • Russell WR, Duncan SH, Flint HJ. The gut microbial metabolome: modulation of cancer risk in obese individuals. Proc Nutr Soc. 2013; 72(1):178-188.
    • (2013) Proc Nutr Soc. , vol.72 , Issue.1 , pp. 178-188
    • Russell, W.R.1    Duncan, S.H.2    Flint, H.J.3
  • 61
    • 84874911481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol lowering with bile salt hydrolase-active probiotic bacteria, mechanism of action, clinical evidence, and future direction for heart health applications
    • Jones ML, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Martoni CJ, Prakash S. Cholesterol lowering with bile salt hydrolase-active probiotic bacteria, mechanism of action, clinical evidence, and future direction for heart health applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2013;13(5):631-642.
    • (2013) Expert Opin Biol Ther. , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 631-642
    • Jones, M.L.1    Tomaro-Duchesneau, C.2    Martoni, C.J.3    Prakash, S.4
  • 62
    • 84958250333 scopus 로고
    • The comparative activities of pantethine, pantothenic acid, and coenzyme A for various microorganisms
    • Craig JA, Snell EE. The comparative activities of pantethine, pantothenic acid, and coenzyme A for various microorganisms. J Bacteriol. 1951;61(3):283-291.
    • (1951) J Bacteriol. , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 283-291
    • Craig, J.A.1    Snell, E.E.2
  • 63
    • 0020514605 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of a defined minimal medium and isolation of auxotrophic mutants for Bifidobacterium Bifidium ES 5
    • Ueda M, Nakamoto S, Nakai R, Takagi A. Establishment of a defined minimal medium and isolation of auxotrophic mutants for Bifidobacterium Bifidium ES 5. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 1983;29:103-114.
    • (1983) J Gen Appl Microbiol. , vol.29 , pp. 103-114
    • Ueda, M.1    Nakamoto, S.2    Nakai, R.3    Takagi, A.4
  • 64
    • 0347100700 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on the metabolic requirements of Lactobacillus bifidus var. pennsylvanicus
    • György P, Rose C. Further observations on the metabolic requirements of Lactobacillus bifidus var. pennsylvanicus. J Bacteriol. 1955;69(5): 483-490.
    • (1955) J Bacteriol. , vol.69 , Issue.5 , pp. 483-490
    • György, P.1    Rose, C.2
  • 65
    • 77954065506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of bifidogenic factors on growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum in cultured milk yoghurt
    • Sultanbawa Y. Effects of bifidogenic factors on growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum in cultured milk yoghurt. J Natn Sci Foundation Sri Lanka. 2006;34(4):205-209.
    • (2006) J Natn Sci Foundation Sri Lanka. , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 205-209
    • Sultanbawa, Y.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.