Effects of long-term testosterone therapy on patients with "diabesity": Results of observational studies of pooled analyses in obese hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes

International Journal of Endocrinology

Volumn 2014, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Haider, Ahmad ^a   Yassin, Aksam ^b,c,d   Doros, Gheorghe ^e   Saad, Farid ^d,f  

^a Private Urology Practice   (Germany)

^b Institute for Urology and Andrology   (Germany)

^c DRESDEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^d GULF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (United Arab Emirates)

^e BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f Bayer Healthcare   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; GLUCOSE; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TESTOSTERONE; TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ANDROGEN DEFICIENCY; ANDROGEN THERAPY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; FOLLOW UP; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HEMOGLOBIN BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPOGONADISM; INFLAMMATION; LIPID COMPOSITION; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; TESTOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT DURATION; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WEIGHT CHANGE; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 84897489268     PISSN: 16878337     EISSN: 16878345     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2014/683515     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Colagiuri S., Diabesity: therapeutic options. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2010 12 6 463 473 2-s2.0-77953212935 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01182.x
2. Haffner S. M., Relationship of metabolic risk factors and development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Obesity 2006 14 supplement 3 121S 127S 2-s2.0-33845544078 10.1038/oby.2006.291
3. Kahn S. E., Hull R. L., Utzschneider K. M., Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature 2006 444 7121 840 846 2-s2.0-33845881411 10.1038/nature05482 (Pubitemid 46024990)
4. Tuomilehto J., Lindström J., Eriksson J. G., Valle T. T., Hamäläinen H., Ianne-Parikka P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S., Laakso M., Louheranta A., Rastas M., Salminen V., Uusitupa M., Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New England Journal of Medicine 2001 344 18 1343 1350 2-s2.0-0035799806 10.1056/NEJM200105033441801 (Pubitemid 32378388)
5. Huang E. S., Basu A., O'Grady M., Capretta J. C., Projecting the future diabetes population size and related costs for the U.S. Diabetes Care 2009 32 12 2225 2229 2-s2.0-70349207817 10.2337/dc09-0459
6. Seidell J. C., Bjorntorp P., Sjostrom L., Kvist H., Sannerstedt R., Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels. Metabolism 1990 39 9 897 901 2-s2.0-0025083282 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90297-P (Pubitemid 20293933)
7. Sims E. A. H., Danforth E. Jr., Horton E. S., Endocrine and metabolic effects of experimental obesity in man. Recent Progress in Hormone Research 1973 29 457 496 2-s2.0-0015698908
8. Colditz G. A., Willett W. C., Rotnitzky A., Manson J. E., Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women. Annals of Internal Medicine 1995 122 7 481 486 2-s2.0-0028917432
9. Field A. E., Coakley E. H., Must A., Spadano J. L., Laird N., Dietz W. H., Rimm E., Colditz G. A., Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period. Archives of Internal Medicine 2001 161 13 1581 1586 2-s2.0-0034917709 (Pubitemid 32681139)
10. Hart C. L., Hole D. J., Lawlor D. A., Davey Smith G., How many cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus are due to being overweight in middle age? Evidence from the Midspan prospective cohort studies using mention of diabetes mellitus on hospital discharge or death records. Diabetic Medicine 2007 24 1 73 80 2-s2.0-33846264173 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02016.x (Pubitemid 46103074)
11. Narayan K. M. V., Boyle J. P., Thompson T. J., Gregg E. W., Williamson D. F., Effect of BMI on lifetime risk for diabetes in the U.S. Diabetes Care 2007 30 6 1562 1566 2-s2.0-34249896659 10.2337/dc06-2544 (Pubitemid 46871171)
12. Wannamethee S. G., Shaper A. G., Walker M., Overweight and obesity and weight change in middle aged men: impact on cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005 59 2 134 139 2-s2.0-12344259474 10.1136/jech.2003.015651 (Pubitemid 40139326)
13. Montague C. T., O'Rahilly S., The perils of portliness: causes and consequences of visceral adiposity. Diabetes 2000 49 6 883 888 2-s2.0-0034119138 (Pubitemid 30349408)
14. Wild S., Roglic G., Green A., Sicree R., King H., Global Prevalence of Diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004 27 5 1047 1053 2-s2.0-2342466734 10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047 (Pubitemid 38579764)
15. Mokdad A. H., Ford E. S., Bowman B. A., Dietz W. H., Vinicor F., Bales V. S., Marks J. S., Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. Journal of the American Medical Association 2003 289 1 76 79 2-s2.0-0037223174 10.1001/jama.289.1.76 (Pubitemid 36026281)
16. American Diabetes Association web site 2011, http://www.diabetes.org/ diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/?loc=DropDownDB-stats
17. Balkau B., Deanfield J. E., Després J.-P., Bassand J.-P., Fox K. A. A., Smith S. C., Barter P., Tan C.-E., Van Gaal L., Wittchen H.-U., Massien C., Haffner S. M., International day for the evaluation of abdominal obesity (IDEA): a study of waist circumference, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus in 168 000 primary care patients in 63 countries. Circulation 2007 116 17 1942 1951 2-s2.0-37349066531 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676379 (Pubitemid 350287090)
18. Casanueva F. F., Moreno B., Rodríguez-Azeredo R., Massien C., Conthe P., Formiguera X., Barrios V., Balkau B., Relationship of abdominal obesity with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia in Spain. Clinical Endocrinology 2010 73 1 35 40 2-s2.0-77953764621 10.1111/j.1365-2265. 2009.03727.x
19. Henry R. R., Chilton R., Garvey W. T., New options for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (narrative review). Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 2013 27 5 508 518
20. Brethauer S. A., Aminian A., Romero-Talamás H., Can diabetes be surgically cured? Long-term metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of Surgery 2013 258 4 628 637
21. Kadomatsu T., Tabata M., Oike Y., Angiopoietin-like proteins: emerging targets for treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. FEBS Journal 2011 278 4 559 564 2-s2.0-79751508907 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07979.x
22. Saad F., Androgen therapy in men with testosterone deficiency: can testosterone reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease? Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews 2012 28 supplement 2 52 59
23. Saad F., Haider A., Doros G., Traish A., Long-term treatment of hypogonadal men with testosterone produces substantial and sustained weight loss. Obesity 2013 21 10 1975 1981
24. Aversa A., Bruzziches R., Francomano D., Rosano G., Isidori A. M., Lenzi A., Spera G., Effects of testosterone undecanoate on cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in middle-aged men with late-onset hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome: results from a 24-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2010 7 10 3495 3503 2-s2.0-77957567733 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01931.x
25. Traish A. M., Haider A., Doros G., Saad F., Long-term testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men ameliorates elements of the metabolic syndrome: an observational, long-term registry study. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2013 10.1111/ijcp.12319
26. Hackett G., Testosterone and the heart. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2012 66 7 648 655 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02922.x
27. Kapoor D., Goodwin E., Channer K. S., Jones T. H., Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. European Journal of Endocrinology 2006 154 6 899 906 2-s2.0-33745684473 10.1530/eje.1.02166 (Pubitemid 43997730)
28. Jones T. H., Arver S., Behre H. M., Buvat J., Meuleman E., Moncada I., Morales A. M., Volterrani M., Yellowlees A., Howell J. D., Channer K. S., Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with Type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome (the TIMES2 study). Diabetes Care 2011 34 4 828 837 2-s2.0-79956271879 10.2337/dc10-1233
29. Boyanov M. A., Boneva Z., Christov V. G., Testosterone supplementation in men with type 2 diabetes, visceral obesity and partial androgen deficiency. Aging Male 2003 6 1 1 7 2-s2.0-0038823605 (Pubitemid 36606394)
30. Kalinchenko S. Y., Tishova Y. A., Mskhalaya G. J., Gooren L. J. G., Giltay E. J., Saad F., Effects of testosterone supplementation on markers of the metabolic syndrome and inflammation in hypogonadal men with the metabolic syndrome: the double-blinded placebo-controlled Moscow study. Clinical Endocrinology 2010 73 5 602 612 2-s2.0-78449294931 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010. 03845.x
31. Cornoldi A., Caminiti G., Marazzi G., Vitale C., Patrizi R., Volterrani M., Miceli M., Fini M., Spera G., Rosano G., Effects of chronic testosterone administration on myocardial ischemia, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in elderly male diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. International Journal of Cardiology 2010 142 1 50 55 2-s2.0-77953286935 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008. 12.107
32. Caminiti G., Volterrani M., Iellamo F., Marazzi G., Massaro R., Miceli M., Mammi C., Piepoli M., Fini M., Rosano G. M. C., Effect of long-acting testosterone treatment on functional exercise capacity, skeletal muscle performance, insulin resistance, and baroreflex sensitivity in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009 54 10 919 927 2-s2.0-68949172537 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.078
33. Corona G., Monami M., Rastrelli G., Aversa A., Tishova Y., Saad F., Lenzi A., Forti G., Mannucci E., Maggi M., Testosterone and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis study. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2011 8 1 272 283 2-s2.0-78650772878 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01991.x
34. Yassin A. A., Doros G., Testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men results in sustained and clinically meaningful weight loss. Clinical Obesity 2013 3 3-4 73 83 10.1111/cob.12022
35. Hackett G., Cole N., Bhartia M., Testosterone replacement therapy with long-acting testosterone undecanoate improves sexual function and quality-of-life parameters vs. placebo in a population of men with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2013 10 6 1612 1627
36. Francomano D., Ilacqua A., Bruzziches R., Effects of 5-year treatment with testosterone undecanoate on lower urinary tract symptoms in obese men with hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome. Urology 2014 83 1 167 174 10.1016/j.urology.2013.08.019
37. Zitzmann M., Mattern A., Hanisch J., IPASS: a study on the tolerability and effectiveness of injectable testosterone undecanoate for the treatment of male hypogonadism in a worldwide sample of 1, 438 men. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2013 10 2 579 588 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02853.x
38. Reckelhoff J. F., Gender differences in the regulation of blood pressure. Hypertension 2001 37 5 1199 1208 2-s2.0-0035714529 (Pubitemid 34163570)
39. Dubey R. K., Oparil S., Imthurn B., Jackson E. K., Sex hormones and hypertension. Cardiovascular Research 2002 53 3 688 708 2-s2.0-0037084178 10.1016/S0008-6363(01)00527-2 (Pubitemid 34175262)
40. Li J.-Y., Zhu J.-C., Dou J.-T., Bai W.-J., Deng S.-M., Li M., Huang W., Jin H., Effects of androgen supplementation therapy on partial androgen deficiency in the aging male: a preliminary study. Aging Male 2002 5 1 47 51 2-s2.0-0036267361 (Pubitemid 34587557)
41. Smith J. C., Bennett S., Evans L. M., Kynaston H. G., Parmar M., Mason M. D., Cockcroft J. R., Scanlon M. F., Davies J. S., The effects of induced hypogonadism on arterial stiffness, body composition, and metabolic parameters in males with prostate cancer. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2001 86 9 4261 4267 2-s2.0-0034847215 10.1210/jc.86.9.4261 (Pubitemid 32848544)
42. Dockery F., Bulpitt C. J., Agarwal S., Donaldson M., Rajkumar C., Testosterone suppression in men with prostate cancer leads to an increase in arterial stiffness and hyperinsulinaemia. Clinical Science 2003 104 2 195 201 2-s2.0-0037326906 10.1042/CS20020209 (Pubitemid 36238052)
43. Dart A. M., Kingwell B. A., Pulse pressure-a review of mechanisms and clinical relevance. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2001 37 4 975 984 2-s2.0-0035869511 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01108-1 (Pubitemid 32217593)
44. Hoyos C. M., Yee B. J., Phillips C. L., Body compositional and cardiometabolic effects of testosterone therapy in obese men with severe obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. European Journal of Endocrinology 2012 167 4 531 541 10.1530/EJE-12-0525
45. Richard C., Couture P., Desroches S., Lamarche B., Effect of the Mediterranean diet with and without weight loss on markers of inflammation in men with metabolic syndrome. Obesity 2013 21 1 51 57 10.1002/oby.20239
46. Musani S. K., Vasan R. S., Bidulescu A., Aldosterone, C-reactive protein, and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome and longitudinal changes in metabolic syndrome components: findings from the Jackson Heart Study. Diabetes Care 2013 36 10 3084 3092 10.2337/dc12-2562
47. Withrow D., Alter D. A., The economic burden of obesity worldwide: a systematic review of the direct costs of obesity. Obesity Reviews 2011 12 2 131 141 2-s2.0-78851468865 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00712.x
48. Guh D. P., Zhang W., Bansback N., Amarsi Z., Birmingham C. L., Anis A. H., The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2009 9, article 88 2-s2.0-64649083354 10.1186/1471-2458-9-88
49. Goodpaster B. H., Kelley D. E., Wing R. R., Meier A., Thaete F. L., Effects of weight loss on regional fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obesity. Diabetes 1999 48 4 839 847 2-s2.0-0033054725 (Pubitemid 29153085)
50. Utzschneider K. M., Carr D. B., Barsness S. M., Kahn S. E., Schwartz R. S., Diet-induced weight loss is associated with an improvement in β -cell function in older men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004 89 6 2704 2710 2-s2.0-2942689970 10.1210/jc.2003-031827 (Pubitemid 38766353)
51. Hamman R. F., Wing R. R., Edelstein S. L., Lachin J. M., Bray G. A., Delahanty L., Hoskin M., Kriska A. M., Mayer-Davis E. J., Pi-Sunyer X., Regensteiner J., Venditti B., Wylie-Rosett J., Effect of weight loss with lifestyle intervention on risk of diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006 29 9 2102 2107 2-s2.0-33845314778 10.2337/dc06-0560 (Pubitemid 44871194)
52. Després J.-P., Lemieux I., Prud'homme D., Treatment of obesity: need to focus on high risk abdominally obese patients. British Medical Journal 2001 322 7288 716 720 2-s2.0-0035941940 (Pubitemid 32238779)
53. Saboor Aftab S. A., Kumar S., Barber T. M., The role of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the development of male obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism. Clinical Endocrinology 2013 78 3 330 337 10.1111/cen.12092
54. Kelly D. M., Jones T. H., Testosterone: a vascular hormone in health and disease. Journal of Endocrinology 2013 217 3 47 71
55. Kelly D. M., Jones T. H., Testosterone: a metabolic hormone in health and disease. Journal of Endocrinology 2013 217 3 R25 R45 10.1530/JOE-12-0455
56. Rao P. M., Kelly D. M., Jones T. H., Testosterone and insulin resistance in the metabolic syndrome and T2DM in men. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 2013 9 8 479 493 10.1038/nrendo.2013.122
57. Phillips C. M., Perry I. J., Does inflammation determine metabolic health status in obese and nonobese adults? Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2013 10.1210/jc.2013-2038
58. Schnell O., Amann-Zalan I., Jelsovsky Z., Changes in A1C levels are significantly associated with changes in levels of the cardiovascular risk biomarker hs-CRP: results from the SteP study. Diabetes Care 2013 36 7 2084 2089 10.2337/dc12-1711
59. Turner R., Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). The Lancet 1998 352 9131 854 865 2-s2.0-0032511566 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07037-8 (Pubitemid 28416719)
60. Kahn S. E., Haffner S. M., Heise M. A., Herman W. H., Holman R. R., Jones N. P., Kravitz B. G., Lachin J. M., O'Neill M. C., Zinman B., Viberti G., Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. New England Journal of Medicine 2006 355 23 2427 2443 2-s2.0-33845405222 10.1056/NEJMoa066224 (Pubitemid 44903747)
61. Tharakan G., Tan T., Bloom S., Emerging therapies in the treatment of "diabesity": beyond GLP-1. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 2011 32 1 8 15 2-s2.0-78650902671 10.1016/j.tips.2010.10.003
62. Astrup A., Finer N., Redefining type 2 diabetes: "Diabesity" or "obesity dependent diabetes mellitus"? Obesity Reviews 2000 1 2 57 59 2-s2.0-0034289882
63. Astrup A., Carraro R., Finer N., Harper A., Kunesova M., Lean M. E. J., Niskanen L., Rasmussen M. F., Rissanen A., Rössner S., Savolainen M. J., Van Gaal L., Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide. International Journal of Obesity 2012 36 6 843 854 2-s2.0-80051585074 10.1038/ijo.2011.158
64. Wellen K. E., Hotamisligil G. S., Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005 115 5 1111 1119 2-s2.0-18244370762 10.1172/JCI200525102 (Pubitemid 40629025)
65. Gast K. B., Smit J. W., den Heijer M., study group N. E. O., Abdominal adiposity largely explains associations between insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and subclinical atherosclerosis: the NEO study. Atherosclerosis 2013 229 2 423 429
66. Giacco F., Brownlee M., Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circulation Research 2010 107 9 1058 1070 2-s2.0-78349297565 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545
67. Gustafson B., Adipose tissue, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 2010 17 4 332 341 2-s2.0-77953509678
68. Chilton M., Dunkley A., Carter P., The effect of anti-obesity drugs on waist circumference: a mixed treatment comparison. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2013 10.1111/dom.12198
69. Czernichow S., Kengne A.-P., Stamatakis E., Hamer M., Batty G. D., Body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: which is the better discriminator of cardiovascular disease mortality risk? Evidence from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 82864 participants from nine cohort studies. Obesity Reviews 2011 12 9 680 687 2-s2.0-80051863261 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00879.x
70. Boillot A., Zoungas S., Mitchell P., Obesity and the microvasculature: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2013 8 2 e52708
71. Jacobs E. J., Newton C. C., Wang Y., Patel A. V., McCullough M. L., Campbell P. T., Thun M. J., Gapstur S. M., Waist circumference and all-cause mortality in a large US cohort. Archives of Internal Medicine 2010 170 15 1293 1301 2-s2.0-77955432948 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.201
72. Tseng C.-H., Body mass index and waist circumference as determinants of coronary artery disease in Taiwanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Obesity 2006 30 5 816 821 2-s2.0-33646356241 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803218
73. Sjöström L., Narbro K., Sjöström C. D., Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. New England Journal of Medicine 2007 357 8 741 752 (Pubitemid 47295641)
74. Buchwald H., Oien D. M., Metabolic/bariatric surgery worldwide 2008. Obesity Surgery 2009 19 12 1605 1611 2-s2.0-73949087147 10.1007/s11695-009-0014- 5
75. Baggio L. L., Drucker D. J., Biology of incretins: GLP-1 and GIP. Gastroenterology 2007 132 6 2131 2157 2-s2.0-34248223285 10.1053/j.gastro.2007. 03.054 (Pubitemid 46711096)
76. Todd J. F., Wilding J. P. H., Edwards C. M. B., Khan F. A., Ghatei M. A., Bloom S. R., Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): a trial of treatment in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 1997 27 6 533 536 2-s2.0-0030754176 (Pubitemid 27288365)
77. Tharakan G., Tan T., Bloom S., Emerging therapies in the treatment of "diabesity": Beyond GLP-1. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 2011 32 1 8 15 2-s2.0-78650902671 10.1016/j.tips.2010.10.003
78. Raz I., Hanefeld M., Xu L., Caria C., Williams-Herman D., Khatami H., Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2006 49 11 2564 2571 2-s2.0-33845489598 10.1007/s00125-006-0416-z
79. Dhindsa S., Prabhakar S., Sethi M., Bandyopadhyay A., Chaudhuri A., Dandona P., Frequent occurrence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004 89 11 5462 5468 2-s2.0-8744228132 10.1210/jc.2004-0804 (Pubitemid 39518427)
80. Dyson P. A., The therapeutics of lifestyle management on obesity. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2010 12 11 941 946 2-s2.0-77957275709 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01256.x
81. The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetes Care 2012 35 4 731 737
82. Smith S. R., Weissman N. J., Anderson C. M., Sanchez M., Chuang E., Stubbe S., Bays H., Shanahan W. R., Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of lorcaserin for weight management. New England Journal of Medicine 2010 363 3 245 256 2-s2.0-77954635020 10.1056/NEJMoa0909809
83. Gadde K. M., Allison D. B., Ryan D. H., Peterson C. A., Troupin B., Schwiers M. L., Day W. W., Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet 2011 377 9774 1341 1352 2-s2.0-79954561234 10.1016/S0140-6736(11) 60205-5
84. Garvey W. T., Ryan D. H., Look M., Gadde K. M., Allison D. B., Peterson C. A., Schwiers M., Day W. W., Bowden C. H., Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2012 95 2 297 308 2-s2.0-84856388467 10.3945/ajcn.111.024927
85. Turner R., Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). The Lancet 1998 352 9131 837 853 2-s2.0-0032511583 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07019-6 (Pubitemid 28416718)
86. Nauck M. A., A critical analysis of the clinical use of incretin-based therapies: the benefits by far outweigh the potential risks. Diabetes Care 2013 36 7 2126 2132 10.2337/dc12-2504
87. Muraleedharan V., Marsh H., Kapoor D., Testosterone deficiency is associated with increased risk of mortality and testosterone replacement improves survival in men with type 2 diabetes. European Journal of Endocrinology 2013 169 6 725 733 10.1530/EJE-13-0321
88. Hackett G., Cole N., Bhartia M., Testosterone replacement therapy improves metabolic parameters in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes but not in men with coexisting depression: the BLAST study. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 2013 10.1111/jsm.12404
89. Schnell O., Otter W., Standl E., The Munich Myocardial Infarction Registry: translating the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular disease into clinical practice. Diabetes care 2009 32 S326 330 2-s2.0-75549087542