One View of the Geochemistry of Subduction-Related Magmatic Arcs, with an Emphasis on Primitive Andesite and Lower Crust

Treatise on Geochemistry: Second Edition

Volumn 4, Issue , 2013, Pages 749-806

  Kelemen, P B ^a   Hanghoj K ^a   Greene, A R ^b  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Arc lava; Arc Magmas; Continental Genesis; Lower Crust; Volcanic rocks

Indexed keywords

VOLCANOES;

ARC LAVA; ARC MAGMAS; ARC SECTION; CONTINENTAL GENESIS; CRYSTAL FRACTIONATION; LOWER CRUST; MAGMATIC ARCS;

VOLCANIC ROCKS;

EID: 84897074861     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00323-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (401)

1. Abe N., Arai S., Yurimoto H. Geochemical characteristics of the uppermost mantle beneath the Japan island arcs: Implications for upper mantle evolution. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 1998, 107:233-248.
2. Abratis M., Worner G. Ridge collision, slabwindow formation, and the flux of Pacific asthenosphere into the Caribbean realm. Geology 2001, 29:127-130.
3. Anczkiewicz R., Vance D. Isotopic constraints on the evolution of metamorphic conditions in the JijalPatan Complex and Kamila Belt of the Kohistan Arc, Pakistan Himalaya. Geological Society Special Publication 2000, vol. 170:321-331.
4. Anderson A.T. Evidence for a picritic, volatile-rich magma beneath Mt. Shasta, California. Journal of Petrology 1974, 15:243-267.
5. Arculus R.J., Johnson R.W., Chappell B.W., McKee C.O., Sakai H. Ophiolite-contaminated andesites, trachybasalts, and cognate inclusions of Mount Lamington, Papua New Guinea: Anhydrite-amphibole-bearing lavas and the 1951 cumulodome. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1983, 18:215-247.
6. Armstrong R.L. Radiogenic isotopes: The case for crustal recycling on a near-steady-state no-continental-growth Earth. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series A 1981, 301:443-472.
7. Arndt N.T., Goldstein S.L. An open boundary between lower continental crust and mantle: Its role in crust formation and crustal recycling. Tectonophysics 1989, 161:201-212.
8. Asimow P., Stolper E. Steady-state mantle-melt interactions in one dimension. I: Equilibrium transport and melt focusing. Journal of Petrology 1999, 40:475-494.
9. Ayers J. Trace element modeling of aqueous fluid: Peridotite interaction in the mantle wedge of subduction zones. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1998, 132:390-404.
10. 2O at 2.0-3.0GPa and 900-1100°C, and application to models of subduction zone processes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1997, 150:381-398.
11. Babeyko A.Y., Sobolev S.V., Trumbull R.B., Oncken O., Lavier L.L. Numerical models of crustal scale convection and partial melting beneath the Altiplano-Puna plateau. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2002, 199:373-388.
12. Baker D.R., Eggler D.H. Fractionation paths of Atka (Aleutians) high-alumina basalts: Constraints from phase relations. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1983, 18:387-404.
13. Baker D.R., Eggler D.H. Compositons of anhydrous and hydrous melts coexisting with plagioclase, augite and olivine or low-Ca pyroxene form 1atm to 8kbar: Application to the Aleutian volcanic center of Atka. American Mineralogist 1987, 72:12-28.
14. Baker M.B., Grove T.L., Price R. Primitive basalts and andesites from the Mt. Shasta region N. California: Products of varying melt fraction and water content. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1994, 118:111-129.
15. Bard J.P. Metamorphism of an abducted island arc: Example of the Kohistan Sequence (Pakistan) in the Himalayan collided range. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1983, 65(1):133-144.
16. Barker F., Aleinikoff J.N., Box S.E., et al. Some accreted volcanic rocks of Alaska and their elemental abundances. The Geology of Alaska 1994, vol. G-1. Geological Society of America, Washington, DC. G. Plafker, H.C. Berg (Eds.).
17. Barker F., Grantz A. Talkeetna formation in the southeastern Talkeetna Mountains, southern Alaska: An early Jurassic andesitic intraoceanic island arc. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 1982, 14:147.
18. Bartels K.S., Kinzler R.J., Grove T.L. High pressure phase relations of primitive high-alumina basalts from Medicine Lake volcano, northern California. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1991, 108:253-270.
19. Beate B., Monzier M., Spikings R., et al. Mio-Pliocene adakite generation related to flat subduction in southern Ecuador: The Quimsacocha volcanic centre. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2001, 192:561-570.
20. Bebout G.E., Ryan J.G., Leeman W.P. B-Be systematics in subduction-related metamorphic rocks: Characterization of the subducted component. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1993, 57:2227-2237.
21. Bebout G.E., Ryan J.G., Leeman W.P., Bebout A.E. Fractionation of trace elements by subduction-zone metamorphism-effect of convergent-margin thermal evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1999, 171:63-81.
22. Becker H., Jochum K.P., Carlson R.W. Constraints from high-pressure veins in eclogites on the composition of hydrous fluids in subduction zones. Chemical Geology 1999, 160:291-308.
23. Becker H., Jochum K.P., Carlson R.W. Trace element fractionation during dehydration of eclogites from high-pressure terranes and the implications for element fluxes in subduction zones. Chemical Geology 2000, 163:65-99.
24. Blackwell D.D., Bowen R.G., Hull D.A., Riccio J., Steele J.L. Heat flow, arc volcanism, and subduction in northern Oregon. Journal of Geophysical Research 1982, 87:8735-8754.
25. Blatter D.L., Carmichael I.S.E. Hornblende peridotite xenoliths from central Mexico reveal the highly oxidized nature of subarc upper mantle. Geology 1998, 26:1035-1038.
26. Bloomer S.H., Hawkins J.W. Petrology and geochemistry of boninite series volcanic rocks from the Mariana trench. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1987, 97:361-377.
27. Bodinier J.L., Merlet C., Bedini R.M., Simien F., Remaidi M., Garrido C.J. Distribution of niobium, tantalum, and other highly incompatible trace elements in the lithospheric mantle: The spinel paradox. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1996, 60(3):545-550.
28. 235U systematics. Science 1999, 286:2491-2493.
29. Bourdon B., Woerner G., Zindler A. U-series evidence for crustal involvement and magma residence times in the petrogenesis of Parinacota Volcano, Chile. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2000, 139:458-469.
30. Bourdon E., Eissen J.P., Monzier M., et al. Adakite-like lavas from Antisana Volcano (Ecuador): Evidence from slab melt metasomatism beneath the Andean northern volcanic zone. Journal of Petrology 2002, 192:561-570.
31. Bowen N.L. The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks 1928, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
32. Brandon A.D., Draper D.S. Constraints on the origin of the oxidation state of mantle overlying subduction zones: An example from Simcoe, Washington, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1996, 60:1739-1749.
33. Brenan J.M., Shaw H.F., Ryerson R.J. Experimental evidence for the origin of lead enrichment in convergent margin magmas. Nature 1995, 378:54-56.
34. Brenan J.M., Shaw H.F., Ryerson R.J., Phinney D.L. Mineral-aqueous fluid partitioning of trace elements at 900°C and 2.0GPa: Constraints on trace element chemistry of mantle and deep crustal fluids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 1995, 59:3331-3350.
35. Brenan J.M., Shaw H.F., Ryerson F.J., Phinney D.L. Erratum to "Experimental determination of trace-element partitioning between pargasite and a synthetic hydrous andesitic melt.". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1996, 140:287-288. [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 135 (1995) 1-11].
36. Brophy J.G. The Cold Bay volcanic center, Aleutian volcanic arc. II: Implications for fractionation and mixing mechanisms in calc-alkaline andesite genesis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1987, 97:378-388.
37. Brophy J.G. Basalt convection and plagioclase retention: A model for the generation of high-alumina arc basalt. Journal of Geology 1989, 97:319-329.
38. Brophy J.G., Marsh B.D. On the origin of high alumina arc basalt and the mechanics of melt extraction. Journal of Petrology 1986, 27:763-789.
39. Bureau H., Keppler H. Complete miscibility between silicate melts and hydrous fluids in the upper mantle: Experimental evidence and geochemical implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1999, 165:187-196.
40. Burns L.E. The Border Ranges Ultramafic and Mafic Complex: Plutonic Core of an Intraoceanic Island Arc 1983, PhD Thesis, Stanford University.
41. Burns L.E. The border ranges ultramafic and mafic complex, south-central Alaska: Cumulate fractionates of island-arc volcanics. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1985, 22:1020-1038.
42. Burns L.E., Pessel G.H., Little T.A., et al. Geology of the northern Chugach Mountains, southcentral Alaska. State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Professional Report 1991, 94:1-63.
43. Campbell I.H., Turner J.S. Turbulent mixing between fluids with different viscosities. Nature 1985, 313:39-42.
44. Cannat M. How thick is the magmatic crust at slow spreading oceanic ridges?. Journal of Geophysical Research 1996, 101:2847-2857.
45. Carr M.J., Feigenson M.D., Bennett E.A. Incompatible element and isotopic evidence for tectonic control of source mixing and melt extraction along the Central American Arc. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1990, 105:369-380.
46. 2O at 15 kb: Implications for assimilation and differentiation processes near the crust-mantle boundary. Journal of Petrology 1989, 30:1351-1382.
47. Chauvel C., Hemond C. Melting of a complete section of recycled oceanic crust: Trace element and Pb isotopic evidence from Iceland. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2000, 1. Paper number 1999GC000002.
48. Christensen N.I., Mooney W.D. Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust: A global view. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:9761-9788.
49. Cigolini C., Kudo A.M., Brookins D.G., Ward D. The petrology of Poas Volcano lavas: Basalt-andesite relationship and their petrogenesis within the magmatic arc of Costa Rica. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1992, 48:367-384.
50. Clark S.K., Reagan M.K., Plank T. Trace element and U-series systematics for 1963-1965 tephras from Irazu Volcano, Costa Rica: Implications for magma generation processes and transit times. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1998, 62:2689-2699.
51. Class C., Miller D.L., Goldstein S.L., Langmuir C.H. Distinguishing melt and fluid components in Umnak Volcanics, Aleutian Arc. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2000, 1(June 1). Paper number 1999GC000010.
52. Clift P.D., MacLeod C.J. Slow rates of subduction erosion estimated from subsidence and tilting of the Tonga forearc. Geology 1999, 27:411-414.
53. Conder J.A., Weins D.A., Morris J. On the decompression melting structure at volcanic arcs and backarc spreading centers. Geophysical Research Letters 2002, 29(15):4.
54. Conrad W.K., Kay R.W. Ultramafic and mafic inclusions from Adak Island: Crystallization history, and implications for the nature of primary magmas and crustal evolution in the Aleutian Arc. Journal of Petrology 1984, 25:88-125.
55. Conrad W.K., Kay S.M., Kay R.W. Magma mixing in the Aleutian arc: Evidence from cognate inclusions and composite xenoliths. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1983, 18:279-295.
56. Coward M.P., Jan M.Q., Rex D., Tarney J., Thirlwall M.F., Windley B.F. Structural evolution of a crustal section in the western Himalaya. Nature 1982, 295(5844):22-24.
57. Crawford A.J. Boninites 1989, Unwin Hyman, London.
58. Crawford A.J., Falloon T.J., Eggins S. The origin of island arc high-alumina basalts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1987, 97:417-430.
59. Crawford W.C., Webb S.C. Variations in the distribution of magma in the lower crust and at the Moho beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9 degrees-10 degrees N. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2002, 203:117-130.
60. Crawford W.C., Webb S.C., Hildebrand J.A. Constraints on melt in the lower crustal and Moho at the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees 48'N, using seafloor compliance measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:2923-2939.
61. Daly R.A. Igneous Rocks and the Depths of the Earth 1933, McGraw-Hill, New York.
62. Davidson J.P. Deciphering mantle and crustal signatures in subduction zone magmatism. Subduction, Top to Bottom, Geophysical Monograph Series 1996, vol. 96:251-262. G.E. Bebout, D.W. Scholl, S.H. Kirby, J.P. Platt (Eds.).
63. Davies J.H. The role of hydraulic fractures and intermediate-depth earthquakes in generating subductionzone magmatism. Nature 1999, 398:142-145.
64. Davies J.H., Stevenson D.J. Physical model of source region of subduction zone volcanics. Journal of Geophysical Research 1992, 97:2037-2070.
65. de Boer J.Z., Defant M.J., Stewart R.H., Bellon H. Evidence for active subduction below western Panama. Geology 1991, 19:649-652.
66. de Boer J.Z., Defant M.J., Stewart R.H., Restrepo J.F., Clark L.F., Ramirez A.H. Quaternary calc-alkaline volcanism in western Panama: Regional variation and implication for the plate tectonic framework. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 1988, 1:275-293.
67. de Boer J.Z., Drummond M.S., Bordelon M.J., Defant M.J., Bellon H., Maury R.C. Cenozoic magmatic phases of the Costa Rican island arc (Cordillera de Talamanca). Geologic and Tectonic Development of the Caribbean Plate Boundary in Southern Central America, GSA Special Papers 1995, vol. 295:35-55. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO. P. Mann (Ed.).
68. DeBari S.M. Comparative Field and Petrogenetic Study of Arc Magmatism in the Lower Crust: Exposed Examples from a Continental Margin and an Intraoceanic Setting 1990, PhD Thesis, Stanford University.
69. DeBari S.M. Petrogenesis of the Fiambalá gabbroic intrusion, northwestern Argentina, a deep crustal syntectonic pluton in a continental magmatic arc. Journal of Petrology 1994, 35:679-713.
70. DeBari S.M., Anderson R.G., Mortensen J.K. Correlation among lower to upper crustal components in an island arc: The Jurassic Bonanza Arc, Vancouver Island, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1999, 36:1371-1413.
71. DeBari S.M., Coleman R.G. Examination of the deep levels of an island arc: Evidence from the Tonsina ultramafic-mafic assemblage, Tonsina, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research 1989, 94(B4):4373-4391.
72. DeBari S.M., Sleep N.H. High-Mg, low-Al bulk composition of the Talkeetna island arc, Alaska: Implications for primary magmas and the nature of arc crust. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1991, 103:37-47.
73. Defant M.J., Clark L.F., Stewart R.H., et al. Andesite and dacite genesis via contrasting processes: The geology and geochemistry of El Valle Volcano, Panama. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1991, 106:309-324.
74. Defant M.J., Drummond M.S. Derivation of some modern arc magmas by melting of young subducted lithosphere. Nature 1990, 347:662-665.
75. Defant M.J., Jackson T.E., Drummond M.S., et al. The geochemistry of young volcanism throughout western Panama and southeastern Costa Rica: An overview. Journal of the Geological Society 1992, 149:569-579.
76. Defant M.J., Jacques D., Maury R.C., de Boer J.Z., Joron J.L. Geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Luzon arc, Philippines. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1989, 101:663-672.
77. Defant M.J., Kepezhinskas P. Evidence suggests slab melting in arc magmas. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 2001, 82:65-69.
78. Defant M.J., Richerson P.M., de Boer J.Z., et al. Dacite genesis via both slab melting and differentiation: Petrogenesis of La Yeguada Volcanic Complex, Panama. Journal of Petrology 1991, 32:1101-1142.
79. DePaolo D.J. Trace element and isotopic effects of combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallization. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1981, 53:189-202.
80. Detterman R., Hartsock J. Geology of the Iniskin-Tuxedni region, Alaska. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1966, 512:1-78.
81. Dick H.J.B. Abyssal peridotites, very slow spreading ridges and ocean ridge magmatism. Geological Society Special Publication (Magmatism in the Ocean Basins) 1989, 42:71-105.
82. Dixon J., Stolper E. An experimental study of water and carbon dioxide solubilities in mid-ocean ridge basaltic liquids. II: Applications to degassing. Journal of Petrology 1995, 35:1633-1646.
83. Dixon J., Stolper E., Holloway J. An experimental study of water and carbon dioxide solubilities in mid ocean ridge basaltic liquids. I: Calibration and solubility models. Journal of Petrology 1995, 36:1607-1631.
84. Domanik K.J., Hervig R.L., Peacock S.M. Beryllium and boron in subduction zone minerals: An ion microprobe study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1993, 57:4997-5010.
85. Draper D.S., Johnston A.D. Anhydrous P-T phase relations of an Aleutian high-MgO basalt: An investigation of the role of olivine-liquid reaction in the generation of arc high-alumina basalts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1992, 112:501-519.
86. Drummond M.S., Bordelon M., Boer J.Z.D., Defant M.J., Bellon H., Feigenson M.D. Igneous petrogenesis and tectonic setting of plutonic and volcanic rocks of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica-Panama, Central American Arc. American Journal of Science 1995, 295:875-919.
87. Drummond M.S., Defant M.J. A model for trondjhemite-tonalite-dacite genesis and crustal growth via slab melting. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990, 95:21503-21521.
88. Ducea M.N., Saleeby J.B. Buoyancy sources for a large, unrooted mountain range, the Sierra Nevada, California: Evidence from xenolith thermobarometry. Journal of Geophysical Research 1996, 101:8229-8244.
89. Dunn R.A., Toomey D.R. Seismological evidence for three-dimensional melt migration beneath the East Pacific Rise. Nature 1997, 388:259-262.
90. Earthref database-website for Earth Science reference data and models, (accessed June 2006). http://earthref.org/.
91. Eggins S. Origin and differentiation of picritic arc magmas, Ambae (Aoba), Vanuatu. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1993, 114:79-100.
92. Eiler J., Crawford A., Elliott T., Farley K.A., Valley J.V., Stolper E.M. Oxygen isotope geochemistry of oceanic arc lavas. Journal of Petrology 2000, 41:229-256.
93. Elkins Tanton L.T., Grove T.L., Donnelly-Nolan J. Hot shallow mantle melting under the Cascades volcanic arc. Geology 2001, 29:631-634.
94. Ellam R.M., Hawkesworth C. Elemental and isotopic variations in subduction related basalts: Evidence for a three component model. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1988, 98:72-80.
95. Ellam R.M., Hawkesworth C.J. Is average continental crust generated at subduction zones?. Geology 1988, 16:314-317.
96. Elliott T. Tracers of the slab. Inside the Subduction Factory (Geophysical Monograph 138) 2003, 23-45. American geophysical Union, Washington DC. J. Eiler (Ed.).
97. Elliott T., Plank T., Zindler A., White W., Bourdon B. Element transport from slab to volcanic front at the Mariana Arc. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:14991-15019.
98. England P., Engdahl R., Thatcher W. Systematic variation in the depths of slabs beneath arc volcanoes. Geophysical Journal International 2003, 156(2):377-408.
99. Erikson E.H. Petrology and petrogenesis of the Mount Stuart Batholith-Plutonic equivalent of the high-alumina basalt association?. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1977, 60:183-207.
100. 2O undersaturated conditions: Implications for the petrogenesis of high-Ca boninites and the influence of subduction components on mantle melting. Journal of Petrology 2000, 41:257-283.
101. Falloon T.J., Green D.H. Glass inclusions in magnesian olivine phenocrysts from Tonga: Evidence for highly refractory parental magmas in the Tongan arc. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1986, 81:95-103.
102. Falloon T.J., Green D.H., McCulloch M.T. 14: Petrogenesis of high-Mg and associated lavas from the north Tonga Trench. Boninites 1989, 357-395. Unwin Hyman, London. A.J. Crawford (Ed.).
103. Feineman M.D., DePaolo D.J. A diffusion-decay model for steady-state U-series disequilibrium in the mantle with implications for island arc lavas. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 2002, 83(47). Fall Meeting Supplement.
104. Fenner C.N. The crystallization of basalts. American Journal of Science 1929, XVIII:223-253.
105. Fenner C.N. A view of magmatic differentiation. Journal of Geology 1937, 45:158-168.
106. Fliedner M., Klemperer S.L. Structure of an island arc: Wide-angle seismic studies in the eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:10667-10694.
107. Furukawa Y. Depth of the decoupling plate interface and thermal structure under arcs. Journal of Geophysical Research 1993, 98:20005-20013.
108. Furukawa Y. Magmatic processes under arcs and formation of the volcanic front. Journal of Geophysical Research 1993, 98:8309-8319.
109. Furukawa Y., Tatsumi Y. Melting of a subducting slab and production of high-Mg andesite magmas: Unusual magmatism in SW Japan at 13 approximately 15Ma. Geophysical Research Letters 1999, 26(15):2271-2274.
110. Gaetani G.A., Grove T.L. The influence of water on melting of mantle peridotite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1998, 131:323-346.
111. Garrido C.J., Kelemen P.B., Hirth G. Variation of cooling rate with depth in lower crust formed at an oceanic spreading ridge: Plagioclase crystal size distributions in gabbros from the Oman ophiolite. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2001, 2. Paper number 2000GC000136.
112. Gast P.W. Trace element fractionation and the origin of tholeiitic and alkaline magma types. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1968, 32:1057-1089.
113. George M.T., Harris N.B.W., Butler R.W.H., Treloar P.J.E., Searle M.P.E. The tectonic implications of contrasting granite magmatism between the Kohistan island arc and the Nanga Parbat-Haramosh Massif, Pakistan Himalaya. Himalayan Tectonics, Seventh Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop 1993, 74:173-191.
114. George R., Turner S., Hawkesworth C., et al. Melting processes and fluid and sediment transport rates along the Alaska-Aleutian arc from an integrated U-Th-Ra-Be isotope study. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108(B5):2252.
115. Georoc database, (accessed June 2006). http://www.georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/.
116. Gill J. Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics 1981, Springer, Berlin.
117. Gill J., Condomines M. Short-lived radioactivity and magma genesis. Science 1992, 257:1368-1376.
118. Gill J.B. Role of underthrust oceanic crust in the genesis of a Fijian calc-alkaline suite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1974, 43:29-45.
119. Gill J.B. Role of trace element partition coefficients in models of andesite genesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1978, 42:709-724.
120. Gill J.B., Williams R.W. Th isotope and U series studies of subduction-related volcanic rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1990, 54:1427-1442.
121. Gough S.J., Searle M.P., Waters D.J., Khan M.A. Igneous crystallization, high pressure metamorphism, and subsequent tectonic exhumation of the Jijal and Kamila complexes, Kohistan. Abstracts: 16th Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop Austria, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2001, 19:23-24.
122. Grantz A., Thomas H., Stern T., Sheffey N. Potassium-argon and lead-alpha ages for stratigraphically bracketed plutonic rocks in the Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1963, 475-B:B56-B59.
123. Green D.H. Experimental testing of "equilibrium" partial melting of peridotite under water-saturated, high-pressure conditions. Canadian Mineralogist 1976, 14:255-268.
124. Green D.H., Ringwood A.E. The genesis of basaltic magmas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1967, 15:103-190.
125. Green T.H., Ringwood A.E. Origin of the calc-alkaline igneous rock suite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1966, 1:307-316.
126. Greene A.R., Kelemen P.B., DeBari S.M., Blusztajn J., Clift P. A detailed geochemical study of island arc crust: The Talkeetna arc section, south-central Alaska. Journal of Petrology 2003, (submitted).
127. Gromet L.P., Silver L.T. REE variations across the Peninsular Ranges batholith: Implications for batholithic petrogenesis and crustal growth in magmatic arcs. Journal of Petrology 1987, 28:75-125.
128. Grove T.L., Elkins Tanton L.T., Parman S.W., Chatterjee N., Müntener O., Gaetani G.A. Fractional crystallization and mantle melting controls on calc-alkaline differentiation trends. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2003, 145(5):515-533.
129. Grove T.L., Kinzler R.J. Petrogenesis of andesites. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1986, 14:417-454.
130. Grove T.L., Gerlach D.C., Sando T.W. Origin of calc-alkaline series lavas at Medicine Lake Volcano by fractionation, assimilation and mixing. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1982, 80:160-182.
131. Grove T.L., Kinzler R.J., Baker M.B., Donnelly-Nolan J.M., Lesher C.E. Assimilation of granite by basaltic magma at Burnt Lava flow, Medicine Lake volcano, California: Decoupling of heat and mass transfer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1988, 99:320-343.
132. 2O-rich fluids in the generation of primitive basaltic andesites and andesites from the Mt. Shasta region N. California. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2001, 142:375-396.
133. Gust D.A., Perfit M.R. Phase relations of a high-Mg basalt from the Aleutian island arc: Implications for primary island arc basalts and high-Al basalts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1987, 97:7-18.
134. Hanson C.R. The northern suture in the Shigar Valley, Baltistan, northern Pakistan. Tectonics of the Western Himalayas, GSA Special Papers 1989, 232:203-215.
135. Harris P.G. Zone refining and the origin of potassic basalts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1957, 12:195-208.
136. Hart S.R., Blusztajn J., Dick H.J.B., Meyer P.S., Muehlenbachs K. The fingerprint of seawater circulation in a 500-meter section of ocean crust gabbros. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1999, 63:4059-4080.
137. Hauff F., Hoernle K., Bogaard P.V.D., Alvarado G., Garbe-Schonberg D. Age and geochemistry of basaltic complexes in western Costa Rica: Contributions to the geotectonic evolution of Central America. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2000, 1:41pp. Paper no. 1999GC000020.
138. Hauri E.H. Major element variability in the Hawanan mantle plume. Nature 1995, 382:415-419.
139. Hawkesworth C.J., Gallagher K., Hergt J.M., McDermott F. Mantle and slab contributions in arc magmas. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1993, 21:175-204.
140. Hawkesworth C.J., Gallagher K., Hergt J.M., McDermott F. Trace element fractionation processes in the generation of island arc basalts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series A 1993, 342:179-191.
141. Hawkesworth C.J., Turner S.P., McDermott F., Peate D.W., van Calsteren P. U-Th isotopes in arc magmas: Implications for element transfer from the subducted crust. Science 1997, 276:551-555.
142. Herrstrom E.A., Reagan M.K., Morris J.D. Variations in lava composition associated with flow of asthenosphere beneath southern Central America. Geology 1995, 23:617-620.
143. Herzberg C.T., Fyfe W.S., Carr M.J. Density constraints on the formation of the continental Moho and crust. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1983, 84:1-5.
144. Hildreth W., Moorbath S. Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of central Chile. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1988, 98:455-489.
145. Hirose K. Melting experiments on lherzolite KLB-1 under hydrous conditions and generation of high-magnesian andesitic melts. Geology 1997, 25:42-44.
146. Hirschmann M.M., Baker M.B., Stolper E.M. The effect of alkalis on the silica content of mantle-derived melts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1998, 62:883-902.
147. Hirschmann M.M., Stolper E.M. A possible role for garnet pyroxenite in the origin of the "garnet signature" in MORB. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1996, 124:185-208.
148. Hofmann A.W. Chemical differentiation of the Earth: The relationship between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1988, 90:297-314.
149. Holbrook W.S., Lizarralde D., McGeary S., Bangs N., Diebold J. Structure and composition of the Aleutian island arc and implications for continental crustal growth. Geology 1999, 27:31-34.
150. Holmes A. The Age of the Earth 1937, Holmes, Arthur, Thomas Nelson & Sons, London.
151. Honegger K., Dietrich V., Frank W., Gansser A., Thoni M., Trommsdorff V. Magmatism and metamorphism in the Ladakh Himalayas (the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1982, 60:253-292.
152. Hughes S.S., Taylor E.M. Geochemistry, petrogenesis, and tectonic implications of central High Cascade mafic platform lavas. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1986, 97:1024-1036.
153. Irvine T.N., Baragar W.R. A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1971, 8:523-548.
154. Ishikawa T., Nakamura E. Origin of the slab component in arc lavas from across-arc variation of B and Pb isotopes. Nature 1994, 370:205-208.
155. 231Pa disequilibria produced by mantle melting with porous and channel flows. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1994, 125:1-16.
156. Iwamori H. Heat sources and melting in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:14803-14820.
157. Jan M.Q. The Kohistan basic complex: A summary based on recent petrological research. Bulletin of the Centre of Excellence in Geology. University of Peshawar 1977, 9-10(1):36-42.
158. Jan M.Q. Relative abundances of minor and trace elements in mafic phases from the southern part of the Kohistan Arc. Geological Bulletin University of Peshawar 1988, 21:15-25.
159. Jan M.Q., Howie R.A. The mineralogy and geochemistry of the metamorphosed basic and ultrabasic rocks of the Jijal Complex, Kohistan, NW Pakistan. Journal of Petrology 1981, 22(1):85-126.
160. Jan M.Q., Karim A. Coronas and high-P veins in metagabbros of the Kohistan island arc, northern Pakistan: Evidence for crustal thickening during cooling. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 1995, 13(3):357-366.
161. Jan M.Q., Wilson R.N., Windley B.F. Paragonite paragenesis from the garnet granulites of the Jijal Complex, Kohistan N. Pakistan. Mineralogical Magazine 1982, 45(337):73-77.
162. Jarrard R.D. Relations among subduction parameters. Reviews of Geophysics 1986, 24:217-284.
163. Johnson K.T.M., Dick H.J.B. Open system melting and temporal and spatial variation of peridotite and basalt at the Atlantis II Fracture Zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 1992, 97:9219-9241.
164. Johnson K.T.M., Dick H.J.B., Shimizu N. Melting in the oceanic upper mantle: An ion microprobe study of diopsides in abyssal peridotites. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990, 95:2661-2678.
165. Johnson M.C., Plank T. Dehydration and melting experiments constrain the fate of subducted sediments. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 1999, 1. Paper no. 1999GC000014.
166. 2O at 15kbar. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1988, 100:35-46.
167. Jull M., Kelemen P.B. On the conditions for lower crustal convective instability. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:6423-6446.
168. Jull M., Kelemen P.B., Sims K. Consequences of diffuse and channelled porous melt migration on U-series disequilibria. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2002, 66:4133-4148.
169. Kamenetsky V.S., Crawford A.J., Eggins S., Muhe R. Phenocryst and melt inclusion chemistry of nearaxis seamounts, Valu Fa Ridge. Lau Basin: Insight into mantle wedge melting and addition of subduction components. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1997, 151:205-223.
170. 2O abundance of calc-alkaline magmas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1996, 144:577-589.
171. 2O saturated mantle peridotite to 11 Gigapascals. Science 1997, 276:240-243.
172. Kawate S., Arima M. Petrogenesis of the Tanzawa plutonic complex, central Japan: Exposed felsic middle crust of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc. The Island Arc 1998, 7:342-358.
173. Kay R.W. Aleutian magnesian andesites: Melts from subducted Pacific ocean crust. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1978, 4:117-132.
174. Kay R.W. Volcanic arc magmas: Implications of a melting-mixing model for element recycling in the crust-upper mantle system. Journal of Geology 1980, 88:497-522.
175. Kay R.W., Kay S.M. Crustal recycling and the Aleutian arc. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1988, 52:1351-1359.
176. Kay R.W., Kay S.M. Creation and destruction of lower continental crust. Geologische Rundschau 1991, 80:259-278.
177. Kay R.W., Kay S.M. Delamination and delamination magmatism. Tectonophysics 1993, 219:177-189.
178. Kay S.M., Kay R.W. Role of crystal cumulates and the oceanic crust in the formation of the lower crust of the Aleutian Arc. Geology 1985, 13:461-464.
179. Kay S.M., Kay R.W. Aleutian magmas in space and time. The Geology of Alaska: The Geology of North America 1994, vol. G-1:687-722. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO. G. Plafker, H.C. Berg (Eds.).
180. Kay S.M., Kay R.W., Citron G.P. Tectonic controls on tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmatism in the Aleutian Arc. Journal of Geophysical Research 1982, 87:4051-4072.
181. Kay S.M., Kay R.W., Perfit M.R. Calc-alkaline plutonism in the intra-oceanic Aleutian arc, Alaska. Geological Society of America Special Papers 1990, vol. 241:233-255. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO. S.M. Kay, C.W. Rapela (Eds.).
182. Kelemen P.B. Assimilation of ultramafic rock in subduction-related magmatic arcs. Journal of Geology 1986, 94:829-843.
183. Kelemen P.B. Reaction between ultramafic rock and fractionating basaltic magma. I: Phase relations, the origin of calc-alkaline magma series, and the formation of discordant dunite. Journal of Petrology 1990, 31:51-98.
184. Kelemen P.B. Genesis of high Mg# andesites and the continental crust. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1995, 120:1-19.
185. Kelemen P.B., Aharonov E. Periodic formation of magma fractures and generation of layered gabbros in the lower crust beneath oceanic spreading ridges. Geophysical Monograph Series 1998, vol. 106:267-289. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. W.R. Buck, P.T. Delaney, J.A. Karson, Y. Lagabrielle (Eds.).
186. Kelemen P.B., Ghiorso M.S. Assimilation of peridotite in calc-alkaline plutonic complexes: Evidence from the Big Jim Complex, Washington Cascades. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1986, 94:12-28.
187. Kelemen P.B., Hart S.R., Bernstein S. Silica enrichment in the continental upper mantle lithosphere via melt/rock reaction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1998, 164:387-406.
188. Kelemen P.B., Hirth G., Shimizu N. Be and B partitioning in high pressure pelites, metabasalts, and peridotites: Potential sources for Be and B in arc magmas 1995, Geochemical Society, State College, PA. H.L. Barnes (Ed.).
189. Kelemen P.B., Hirth G., Shimizu N., Spiegelman M., Dick H.J.B. A review of melt migration processes in the asthenospheric mantle beneath oceanic spreading centers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series A 1997, 355:283-318.
190. Kelemen P.B., Joyce D.B., Webster J.D., Holloway J.R. Reaction between ultramafic rock and fractionating basaltic magma. II: Experimental investigation of reaction between olivine tholeiite and harzburgite at 1150-1050°C and 5kb. Journal of Petrology 1990, 31:99-134.
191. Kelemen P.B., Joyce D.B., Webster J.D., Holloway J.R. Reaction between ultramafic rock and fractionating basaltic magma. II: Experimental investigation of reaction between olivine tholeiite and harzburgite at 1150-1050°C and5kb. Journal of Petrology 1990, 31:99-134.
192. Kelemen P.B., Koga K., Shimizu N. Geochemistry of gabbro sills in the crust-mantle transition zone of the Oman ophiolite: Implications for the origin of the oceanic lower crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1997, 146:475-488.
193. Kelemen P.B., Rilling J.L., Parmentier E.M., Mehl L., Hacker B.R. Thermal structure due to solid-state flow in the mantle wedge beneath arcs. Inside the Subduction Factory (Geophysical Monograph 138) 2003, 293-311. American geophysical Union, Washington DC. J. Eiler (Ed.).
194. Kelemen P.B., Shimizu N., Dunn T. Relative depletion of niobium in some arc magmas and the continental crust: Partitioning of K, Nb, La, and Ce during melt/rock reaction in the upper mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1993, 120:111-134.
195. Kelemen P.B., Shimizu N., Salters V.J.M. Extraction of mid-ocean-ridge basalt from the upwelling mantle by focused flow of melt in dunite channels. Nature 1995, 375:747-753.
196. Kelemen P.B., Yogodzinski G.M., Scholl D.W. Along strike variation in lavas of the Aleutian island arc: Implications for the genesis of high Mg# andesite and the continental crust. Inside the Subduction Factory (Geophysical Monograph 138) 2003, 223-276. American geophysical Union, Washington DC. J. Eiler (Ed.).
197. Kemp A.I.S., Hawkesworth C.J. Granitic perspectives on the generation and secular evolution of the continental crust. Treatise on Geochemistry 2003, vol. 3:349-410. Elsevier, Oxford.
198. Kepezhinskas P., McDermott F., Defant M.J., et al. Trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints on a three-component model of Kamchatka Arc petrogenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1997, 61:577-600.
199. Keppler H. Constraints from partitioning experiments on the composition of subduction-zone fluids. Nature 1996, 380:237-240.
200. Kerr B.C., Klemperer S. Wide-angle imaging of the Mariana Subduction Factory. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 2002, 83(47). Fall Meeting Supplement.
201. Khan M.A., Jan M.Q., Weaver B.L., Treloar P.J.E., Searle M.P.E. Evolution of the lower arc crust in Kohistan N, Pakistan: Temporal arc magmatism through early, mature and intra-arc rift stages. Himalayan Tectonics, Seventh Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop 1993, 74:123-138.
202. Khan M.A., Jan M.Q., Windley B.F., Tarney J., Thirlwall M.F. The Chilas mafic-ultramafic igneous complex: The root of the Kohistan island arc in the Himalaya of northern Pakistan. Geological Society of America Special Papers 1989, vol. 232:75-94.
203. Kincaid C., Sacks I.S. Thermal and dynamical evolution of the upper mantle in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:12295-12315.
204. Kinzler R.J., Grove T.L. Primary magmas of mid-ocean ridge basalts. 2: Applications. Journal of Geophysical Research 1992, 97:6907-6926.
205. Kinzler R.J., Grove T.L. Corrections and further discussion of the primary magmas of mid-ocean ridge basalts, 1 and 2. Journal of Geophysical Research 1993, 98:22339-22347.
206. Klein E., Langmuir C.H. Global correlations of ocean ridge basalt chemistry with axial depth and crustal thickness. Journal of Geophysical Research 1987, 92:8089-8115.
207. Kogiso T., Tatsumi Y., Nakano S. Trace element transport during dehydration processes in the subducted oceanic crust. 1: Experiments and implications for the origin of ocean island basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1997, 148:193-205.
208. Korenaga J., Kelemen P.B. The origin of gabbro sills in the Moho transition zone of the Oman ophiolite: Implications for magma transport in the oceanic lower crust. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:27729-27749.
209. Korenaga J., Kelemen P.B. Major element heterogeneity in the mantle source of the North Atlantic igneous province. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2000, 184:251-268.
210. Kuno H. Petrology of Hakone volcano and the adjacent areas. Japan. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1950, 61:957-1020.
211. Kuno H. Origin of andesite and its bearing on the island arc structure. Bulletin of Volcanology 1968, 32(1):141-176.
212. Kushiro I. The system forsterite-diopside-silica with and without water at high pressures. American Journal of Science 1969, 267-A:269-294.
213. Kushiro I. Melting of hydrous upper mantle and possible generation of andesitic magma: An approach from synthetic systems. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1974, 22:294-299.
214. Kushiro I. On the nature of silicate melt and its significance in magma genesis: Regularities in the shift of the liquidus boundaries involving olivine, pyroxene, and silica minerals. American Journal of Science 1975, 275:411-431.
215. Kushiro I. Partial melting of mantle wedge and evolution of island arc crust. Journal of Geophysical Research 1990, 95:15929-15939.
216. Kushiro I., Yoder H.S. Origin of calc-alkalic peraluminous andesite and dacites. Carnegie Institution Year Book 1972, 71:411-413.
217. Lambert I.B., Wyllie P.J. Melting of gabbro (quartz eclogite) with excess water to 35 kilobars, with geological applications. Journal of Geology 1972, 80:693-708.
218. Langmuir C.H., Bender J.F., Bence A.E., Hanson G.N., Taylor S.R. Petrogenesis of basalts from the famous area. Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1977, 36:133-156.
219. Larsen E.S. Batholith and Associated Rocks of Corona, Elsinore, and San Luis Rey Quadrangles Southern California 1948, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
220. Lassiter J.C., Hauri E.H. Osmium-isotope variations in Hawanan lavas: Evidence for recycled oceanic lithosphere in the Hawaiian plume. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1998, 164:483-496.
221. Leeman W.P. Boron geochemistry of volcanic arc magmas: Evidence for recycling of subducted oceanic lithosphere. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 1987, 68:462.
222. Leeman W.P. Boron and other fluid-mobile elements in volcanic arc lavas: Implications for subduction processes. Geophysical Monograph Series 1996, vol. 96:269-276. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. J.P. Platt (Ed.).
223. Lundstrom C. Models of U-series disequilibria generation in MORB: The effects of two scales of melt porosity. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 2000, 121:189-204.
224. Lundstrom C.C., Gill J., Williams Q. A geochemically consistent hypothesis for MORB generation. Chemical Geology 2000, 162:105-126.
225. Lundstrom C.C., Gill J., Williams Q., Perfit M.R. Mantle melting and basalt extraction by equilibrium porous flow. Science 1995, 270:1958-1961.
226. Lundstrom C.C., Sampson D.E., Perfit M.R., Gill J., Williams Q. Insights into mid-ocean ridge basalt petrogenesis: U-series disequilibria from the Siqueiros Transform, Lamont Seamounts, and East Pacific Rise. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:13035-13048.
227. Macdonald R., Hawkesworth C.J., Heath E. The Lesser Antilles volcanic chain: a study in arc magmatism. Earth-Science Reviews 2000, 49:1-76.
228. Marsh B.D. Some Aleutian andesites: Their nature and source. Journal of Geology 1976, 84:27-45.
229. Martin H. Effect of steeper Archean geothermal gradient on geochemistry of subduction-zone magmas. Geology 1986, 14:753-756.
230. Martin H. Adakitic magmas: Modern analogues of Archaean granitoids. Lithos 1999, 46:411-429.
231. Martin G., Johnson B., Grant U. Geology, and mineral resources of Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. US Geological Survey Bulletin Report B 1915, 0587:1-243.
232. Matteini M., Mazzuoli R., Omarini R., Cas R., Maas R. The geochemical variations of the upper cenozoic volcanism along the Calama-Olacapato-El Toro transversal fault system in central Andes (~24°S): petrogenetic and geodynamic implications. Tectonophysics 2002, 345:211-227.
233. Maury R.C., Defant M.J., Joron J.L. Metasomatism of the sub-arc mantle inferred from trace elements in Philippine xenoliths. Nature 1992, 360:661-663.
234. McBirney A.R., Taylor H.P., Armstrong R.L. Paricutin re-examined: A classic example of crustal assimilation in calc-alkaline magma. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1987, 95:4-20.
235. McCullouch M.T., Gamble J.A. Geochemical and geodynamical constraints on subduction zone magmatism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1991, 102:358-374.
236. 238U disequilibrium and the melting processes beneath ridge axes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1985, 72:149-157.
237. McLennan S.M., Taylor S.R. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution: An Examination of the Geochemical Record Preserved in Sedimentary Rocks 1985, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
238. Miller D.J., Christensen N.I. Seismic signature and geochemistry of an island arc: A multidisciplinary study of the Kohistan accreted terrane, northern Pakistan. Journal of Geophysical Research 1994, 99:11623-11642.
239. Miller D.M., Goldstein S.L., Langmuir C.H. Cerium/lead and lead isotope ratios in arc magmas and the enrichment of lead in the continents. Nature 1994, 368:514-520.
240. Millholland M., Graubard C., Mattinson J., McClelland W. U-Pb age of zircons from the Talkeetna formation, Johnson River area, Alaska. Isochron/West 1987, 50:9-11.
241. Miller D.M., Langmuir C.H., Goldstein S.L., Franks A.L. The importance of parental magma composition to calc-alkaline and tholeiitic evolution: Evidence from Umnak Island in the Aleutians. Journal of Geophysical Research 1992, 97(B1):321-343.
242. Miyashiro A. Volcanic rock series in island arcs and active continental margins. American Journal of Science 1974, 274:321-355.
243. Monzier M., Robin C., Hall M.L., et al. Les Adakites d'Equateur: References modele preliminaire. Comptes Rendus de l'AcadÕmie des Sciences Series IIA 1997, 324:545-552.
244. Morris J.D., Leeman W.P., Tera F. The subducted component in island arc lavas: Constraints from Be isotopes and B-Be systematics. Nature 1990, 344:31-35.
245. 2O and composition on the genesis of igneous pyroxenites: An experimental study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2001, 141:643-658.
246. Myers J.D., Frost C.D., Angevine C.L. A test of a quartz eclogite source for parental Aleutian magmas: A mass balance approach. Journal of Geology 1986, 94:811-828.
247. Myers J.D., Marsh B.D., Sinha A.K. Strontium isotopic and selected trace element variations between two Aleutian volcano centers (Adak and Atka): Implications for the development of arc volcanic plumbing systems. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1985, 91:221-234.
248. Myers J.D., Marsh B.D., Sinha A.K. Geochemical and strontium isotopic characteristics of parental Aleutian Arc magmas: Evidence from the basaltic lavas of Atka. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1986, 94:1-11.
249. Mysen B., Wheeler K. Solubility behavior of water in haploandesitic melts at high pressure and high temperature. American Mineralogist 2000, 85:1128-1142.
250. Newberry R., Burns L., Pessel P. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and the missing complement to the calc-alkaline trend: Evidence from the Jurassic Talkeetna island arc of southern Alaksa. Economic Geology 1986, 81:951-960.
251. 238U disequilibrium in island arcs: Evidence from the Aleutians and the Marianas. Nature 1984, 308:268-270.
252. 238 U disequilibrium at Mt. Shasta, California and in the Cascades. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1986, 93:195-206.
253. Nicholls I.A. Liquids in equilibrium with peridotite mineral assemblages at high water pressures. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1974, 45:289-316.
254. Nicholls I.A., Ringwood A.E. Effect of water on olivine stability in tholeiites and the production of silica-saturated magmas in the island-arc environment. Journal of Geology 1973, 81:285-300.
255. Nichols G.T., Wyllie P.J., Stern C.R. Subduction zone melting of pelagic sediments constrained by melting experiments. Nature 1994, 371:785-788.
256. Nokleberg W., Plafker G., Wilson F. Geology of south-central Alaska. The Geology of North America 1994, vol. G-1:311-366. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO.
257. Nye C.J. Petrology and Geochemistry of Okmok and Wrangell Volcanoes, Alaska 1983, PhD Thesis, University of California at Santa Cruz, CA.
258. Nye C.J., Reid M.R. Geochemistry of primary and least fractionated lavas from Okmok Volcano, Central Aleutians: Implications for arc magmagenesis. Journal of Geophysical Research 1986, 91:10271-10287.
259. Nye C.J., Reid M.R. Corrections to Geochemistry of primary and least fractionated lavas from Okmok volcano, central Aleutians: Implications for magmagenesis. Journal of Geophysical Research 1987, 92:8182.
260. O'Hara M.J., Mathews R.E. Geochemical evolution in an advancing, periodically replenished, periodically tapped, continuously fractionated magma chamber. Journal of the Geological Society 1981, 138:237-277.
261. Osborn E.F. Role of oxygen pressure in the crystallization and differentiation of basaltic magma. American Journal of Science 1959, 257:609-647.
262. Ozawa K. Mass balance equations for open magmatic systems: Trace element behavior and its application to open system melting in the upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:13407-14434.
263. Ozawa K., Shimizu N. Open-system melting in the upper mantle: Constraints from the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite, northeastern Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100(No. B11):22315-22335.
264. Palfy J., Smith P., Mortensen J., Friedman R. Integrated ammonite biochronology and U-Pb geochronometry from a basal Jurassic section in Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1999, 111:1537-1549.
265. Parkinson I.J., Arculus R.J. The redox state of subduction zones: Insights from arc peridotites. Chemical Geology 1999, 160:409-423.
266. Patino L.C., Carr M.J., Feigenson M.D. Local and regional variations in Central American arc lavas controlled by variations in subducted sediment input. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2000, 138:265-283.
267. Pavlis T. Pre-cretaceous crystalline rocks of the western Chugach Mountains, Alaska: Nature of the basement of the Jurassic Peninsular terrane. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1983, 94:1329-1344.
268. Peacock S.M. Thermal and petrologic structure of subduction zones. Geophysics Monograph Series 1996, vol. 96:119-133. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. G.E. Bebout, D.W. Scholl, S.H. Kirby, J.P. Platt (Eds.).
269. Peacock S.M. Thermal structure and metamorphic evolution of subducting slabs. Inside the Subduction Factory (Geophysical Monograph 138) 2003, 7-22. American geophysical Union, Washington DC. J. Eiler (Ed.).
270. Peacock S.M., Rushmer T., Thompson A.B. Partial melting of subducting oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1994, 121:227-244.
271. Pearce J.A. Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries. Andesites: Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks 1982, 526-547. Wiley, Chichester. R.S. Thorpe (Ed.).
272. Pearce J.A., Peate D.W. Tectonic implications of the composition of volcanic arc magmas. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1995, 23:251-285.
273. Pearce J.A., van der Laan S.R., Arculus R.J., et al. Boninite and Harzburgite from Leg 125 (Bonin-Mariana Forearc): A case study of magmagenesis during the initial stages of subduction. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 1992, 125:623-659.
274. PetDB website-Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor, (accessed June 2006). http://www.petdb.org/.
275. Petterson M.G., Crawford M.B., Windley B.F. Petrogenetic implications of neodymium isotope data from the Kohistan Batholith, North Pakistan. Journal of the Geological Society 1993, 150(Part 1):125-129.
276. Petterson M.G., Windley B.F. Rb-Sr dating of the Kohistan arc-batholith in the Trans-Himalaya of North Pakistan, and tectonic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1985, 74(1):45-57.
277. Petterson M.G., Windley B.F. Field relations, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Cretaceous basaltic Jutal dykes, Kohistan, northern Pakistan. Journal of the Geological Society 1992, 149(part 1):107-114.
278. Petterson M.G., Windley B.F., Sullivan M. A petrological, chronological, structural and geochemical review of Kohistan Batholith and its relationship to regional tectonics. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 1991, 17(Part II):47-70.
279. 2O content of high-MgO magmas in island arc settings: An experimental study of a primitive calc-alkaline baslt from St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles arc. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2002, 66:2193-2209.
280. Pickett D.A., Saleeby J.B. Thermobarometric constraints on the depth of exposure and conditions of plutonism and metamorphism at deep levels of the Sierra Nevada Batholith, Tehachapi Mountains, California. Journal of Geophysical Research 1993, 98:609-629.
281. Pickett D.A., Saleeby J.B. Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic characteristics of Cretaceous intrusive rocks from deep levels of the Sierra Nevada Batholith, Tehachapi Mountains, California. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1994, 118:198-215.
282. Plafker G., Nokleberg W.J., Lull J.S. Bedrock geology and tectonic evolution of the Wrangellia, Peninsular, and Chugach terranes along the trans-Alaska crustal transect in the Chugach Mountains and Southern Copper River Basin, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research 1989, 94(B4):4255-4295.
283. Plank T. Constraints from Th/La on the evolution of the continents. Journal of Petrology 2003, (submitted).
284. Plank T., Langmuir C.H. An evaluation of the global variations in the major element chemistry of arc basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1988, 90:349-370.
285. Plank T., Langmuir C.H. Tracing trace elements from sediment input to volcanic output at subduction zones. Nature 1993, 362:739-743.
286. Plank T., Langmuir C.H. The chemical composition of subducting sediment and its consequences for the crust and mantle. Chemical Geology 1998, 145:325-394.
287. Presnall D.C., Hoover J.D. Composition and depth of origin of primary mid-ocean ridge basalts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1984, 87:170-178.
288. Ramsay W.R.H., Crawford A.J., Foden J.D. Field setting, mineralogy, chemistry and genesis of arc picrites, New Georgia, Solomon Islands. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1984, 88:386-402.
289. Ranero C.R., von Huene R. Subduction erosion along the Middle America convergent margin. Nature 2000, 404:748-755.
290. Rapp R.P., Shimizu N., Norman M.D., Applegate G.S. Reaction between slab-derived melts and peridotite in the mantle wedge: Experimental constraints at 3.8GPa. Chemical Geology 1999, 160:335-356.
291. Rapp R.P., Watson E.B. Dehydration melting of metabasalt at 8-32 kbar: Implications for continental growth and crust-mantle recycling. Journal of Petrology 1995, 36(4):891-931.
292. Rapp R.P., Watson E.B., Miller C.F. Partial melting of amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalites. Precambrian Research 1991, 51:1-25.
293. Reagan M.K., Gill J.B. Coexisting calcalkaline and high-niobium basalts from Turrialba Volcano, Costa Rica: Implications for residual titanates in arc magma sources. Journal of Geophysical Research 1989, 94:4619-4633.
294. Reagan M.K., Morris J.D., Herrstrom E.A., Murrell M.T. Uranium series and beryllium isotope evidence for an extended history of subduction modification of the mantle below Nicaragua. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1994, 58:4199-4212.
295. Regelous M., Collerson K.D., Ewart A., Wendt J.I. Trace element transport rates in subduction zones: Evidence from Th, Sr and Pb isotope data for Tonga-Kermadec arc lavas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1997, 150:291-302.
296. Richardson C., McKenzie D. Radioactive disequilibria from 2D models of melt generation by plumes and ridges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1994, 128:425-437.
297. Ringuette L., Martignole J., Windley B.F. Magmatic crystallization, isobaric cooling, and decompression of the garnet-bearing assemblages of the Jijal Sequence (Kohistan Terrane, western Himalayas). Nature 1999, 27(2):139-142.
298. Ringwood A.E. The chemical composition and origin of the Earth. Advances in Earth Science 1966, 287-356. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. P.M. Hurley (Ed.).
299. Ringwood A.E. The petrological evolution of island arc systems. Journal of the Geological Society 1974, 130:183-204.
300. Rioux M., Mattinson J., Hacker B., Grove M. Growth and evolution of the accreted Talkeetna arc, southcentral Alaska: Solutions to the arc paradox. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 2002, 34:269-270.
301. Rioux M., Mattinson J., Hacker B., Grove M. Growth and evolution of the accreted Talkeetna arc, southcentral Alaska: Solutions to the "arc paradox.". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Abstracts 2002, 83:1482.
302. 39Ar geochronology of the Talkeetna arc, south-central Alaska. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting Abstracts 2001, 82:120.
303. 39Ar geochronology of the Talkeetna arc section, south central Alaska. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 2001, 33:256-257.
304. Roeske S., Mattinson J., Armstrong R. Isotopic ages of glaucophane schists on the Kodiak Islands, southern Alaska, and their implications for the Mesozoic tectonic history of the Border Ranges fault system. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1989, 101:1021-1037.
305. Rogers G., Saunders A.D., Terrell D.J., Verma S.P., Marriner G.F. Geochemistry of Holocene volcanic rocks associated with ridge subduction in Baja California, Mexico. Nature 1985, 315:389-392.
306. Roggensack K., Hervig R.L., McKnight S.B., Williams S.N. Explosive basaltic volcanism from Cerro Negro volcano: Influence of volatiles on eruptive style. Science 1997, 277:1639-1642.
307. Rowland A.D., Davies H.J. Buoyancy rather than rheology controls the thickness of the overriding mechanical lithosphere at subduction zones. Geophysical Research Letters 1999, 26:3037-3040.
308. Rudnick R.L. Making continental crust. Nature 1995, 378:571-577.
309. Rudnick R.L., Fountain D.M. Nature and composition of the continental crust: a lower crustal perspective. Reviews of Geophysics 1995, 33(3):267-309.
310. Rudnick R.L., McDonough W.F., Orpin A. Northern Tanzania peridotite xenoliths: A comparison with Kapvaal peridotites and inferences on metasomatic reactions. CRPM-Special Publication, Araxa, Brazil 1994, vol. 1A:336-353. Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. H.O.A. Meyer, O. Leonardos, H. Othon (Eds.).
311. Rudnick R.L., Presper T. Geochemistry of intermediate- to high-pressure granulites. NATO ASI Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences 1990, vol. 311:523-550. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Boston. D. Vielzeuf, P. Vidal (Eds.).
312. Ryan J.G., Langmuir C.H. The systematics of boron abundances in young volcanic rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1992, 57:1489-1498.
313. Ryan J.G., Leeman W.P., Morris J.D., Langmuir C.H. B/Be and Li/Be systematics and the nature of subducted components in the Mantle. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 1989, 70:1388.
314. 2. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1985, 49:637-649.
315. Ryerson F.J., Watson E.B. Rutile saturation in magmas: Implications for Ti-Nb-Ta depletion in island-arc basalts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1987, 86:225-239.
316. 226Ra excess in MORBs. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 2002, 83(47). Fall Meeting Supplement.
317. Schiano P., Birck J.L., Allégre C.J. Osmium-strontium-neodymium-lead isotopic covariations in midocean ridge basalt glasses and the heterogeneity of the upper mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1997, 150:363-379.
318. Schiano P., Clocchiatti R., Shimizu N., Maury R.C., Jochum K.P., Hofmann A.W. Hydrous, silica-rich melts in the sub-arc mantle and their relationship with erupted arc lavas. Nature 1995, 377:595-600.
319. Schmidt M.W., Poli S. Experimentally based water budgets for dehydrating slabs and consequences for arc magma generation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1998, 163(1-4):361-379.
320. Scholl D.W., Vallier T.L., Stevenson A.J. Geologic evolution and petroleum geology of the Aleutian Ridge. Beaufort Sea to Baja California, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources. Earth Science Series 1987, vol. 6:123-155. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Houston, TX. D.W. Scholl, A. Grantz, J.G. Vedder (Eds.).
321. Shah M.T., Shervais J.W. The Dir-Utror metavolcanic sequence, Kohistan arc terrane, northern Pakistan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 1999, 17(4):459-475.
322. Shaw D.M. Trace element fractionation during anatexis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1970, 34:237-243.
323. Shimoda G., Tatsumi Y., Nohda S., Ishizaka K., Jahn B.M. Setouchi high-Mg andesites revisited: Geochemical evidence for melting of subducting sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1998, 160:479-492.
324. 230Th disequilibria in arc lavas from southern Chile and implications for magma transfer time. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2002, 196:189-196.
325. 10Be enrichments by fluids in Andean arc magmas. Nature 1990, 346:163-165.
326. Sigmarsson O., Martin H., Knowles J. Melting of a subducting oceanic crust from U-Th disequilibria in austral Andean lavas. Nature 1998, 394:566-569.
327. Silver L.T., Chappell B.W. The Peninsular Ranges batholith: An insight into the evolution of the Cordilleran batholiths of southwestern North America. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth and Environmental Science 1988, 79:105-121.
328. Sims K.W., Goldstein S.J., Blichert-Toft J., et al. Chemical and isotopic constraints on the generation and transport of magma beneath the East Pacific Rise. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2002, 66:3481-3504.
329. Singer B.S., Myers J.D., Frost C.D. Mid-Pleistocene basalts from the Seguam Volcanic Center, Central Aleutian arc, Alaska: Local lithospheric structures and source variability in the Aleutian arc. Journal of Geophysical Research 1992, 97:4561-4578.
330. Singer B.S., Myers J.D., Frost C.D. Mid-Pleistocene lavas from the Seguam Island volcanic center, central Aleutian arc: Closed-system fractional crystallization of a basalt to rhyodacite eruptive suite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1992, 110:87-112.
331. Sisson T.W., Bronto S. Evidence for pressure-release melting beneath magmatic arcs from basalt at Galunggung, Indonesia. Nature 1998, 391:883-886.
332. 2O in calc-alkaline differentiation and subduction zone magmatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1993, 113:143-166.
333. 2O contents of low MgO high-alumina basalts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1993, 113:167-184.
334. 2O in basalt and basaltic andesite glass inclusions from four subduction-related volcanoes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1993, 117:619-635.
335. 2O concentrations in primary melts from supra-subduction zones and mid-ocean ridges. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1996, 137:45-55.
336. Sobolev A.V., Danyushevsky L.V. Petrology and geochemistry of boninites from the north termination of the Tonga Trench: Constraints on the generation conditions of primary high-Ca boninite magmas. Journal of Petrology 1994, 35:1183-1211.
337. Sobolev A.V., Hofmann A.W., Nikogosian I.K. Recycled oceanic crust observed in 'ghost plagioclase' within the source of Mauna Loa lavas. Nature 2000, 404:986-990.
338. Sobolev A.V., Shimizu N. Superdepleted melts and ocean mantle permeability. Doklady Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk 1992, 326(2):354-360.
339. Spiegelman M., Elliot T. Consequences of melt transport for uranium series disequilibrium in young lavas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1992, 118:1-20.
340. Spiegelman M., Kelemen P.B., Aharonov E. Causes and consequences of flow organization during melt transport: The reaction infiltration instability. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:2061-2078.
341. Spiegelman M., McKenzie D. Simple 2-D models for melt extraction at mid-ocean ridges and island arcs. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1987, 83:137-152.
342. Stalder R., Foley S.F., Brey G.P., Horn I. Mineral-aqueous fluid partitioning of trace elements at 900-1200°C and 3.0-5.7GPa: New experimental data for garnet, clinopyroxene and rutile and implications for mantle metasomatism. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1998, 62:1781-1801.
343. Stern C.R., Kilian R. Role of the subducted slab, mantle wedge and continental crust in the generation of adakites from the Andean Austral Volcanic Zone. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1996, 123:263-281.
344. 2O and a pelagic red clay at 30kb. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1973, 42:313-323.
345. Stern R.J., Bloomer S.H. Subduction zone infancy: Examples from the Eocene Izu-Bonin-Mariana and Jurassic California arcs. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1992, 104:1621-1636.
346. Stolper E., Newman S. The role of water in the petrogenesis of Mariana Trough magmas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1992, 121:293-325.
347. Sullivan M.A., Windley B.F., Saunders A.D., Haynes J.R., Rex D.C. A palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Dir Group: Evidence for magmatic arc migration within Kohistan N. Pakistan. Himalayan Tectonics, Seventh Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop 1993, 74:139-160.
348. Sun S.S., McDonough W.F. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. Geological Society Special Publication 1989, 42:313-345.
349. Suyehiro K., Takahaski N., Ariie Y., et al. Continental crust, crustal underplating, and low-Q upper mantle beneath an oceanic island arc. Science 1996, 272:390-392.
350. Tahirkheli R.A.K.E. Geotectonic evolution of Kohistan. Geology of Kohistan, Karakoram Himalaya, Northern Pakistan, Geological Bulletin University of Peshawar 1979, vol. 11:113-130. University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. R.A.K.E. Tahirkheli, M.Q.E. Jan (Eds.).
351. Tatsumi Y. Melting experiments on a high-magnesian andesite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1981, 54:357-365.
352. Tatsumi Y. Origin of high-magnesian andesites in the Setouchi volcanic belt, southwest Japan. II: Melting phase relations at high pressures. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1982, 60:305-317.
353. Tatsumi Y. Continental crust formation by delamination in subduction zones and complementary accumulation of the enriched mantle I component in the mantle. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2000, 1:1-17.
354. Tatsumi Y. Geochemical modelling of partial melting of subducting sediments and subsequent melt-mantle interaction: Generation of high-Mg andesites in the Setouchi volcanic belt, southwest Japan. Geology 2001, 29(4):323-326.
355. Tatsumi Y., Eggins S. Subduction Zone Magmatism 1995, Blackwell, Oxford.
356. Tatsumi Y., Ishizaka K. Existence of andesitic primary magma: An example from southwest Japan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1981, 53:124-130.
357. Tatsumi Y., Ishizaka K. Origin of high-magnesian andesites in the Setouchi volcanic belt, southwest Japan. I: Petrographical and chemical characteristics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1982, 60:293-304.
358. Tatsumi Y., Kogiso T. Trace element transport during dehydration processes in the subducted oceanic crust. 2: Origin of chemical and physical characteristics in arc magmatism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1997, 148:207-221.
359. Tatsumi Y., Sakuyama M., Fukuyama H., Kushiro I. Generation of arc basalt magmas and thermal structure of the mantle wedge in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 1983, 88:5815-5825.
360. Taylor S.R. Island arc models and the composition of the continental crust. Geophysical Monograph Series 1977, vol. 1:325-335. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. M. Talwani, W.C. Pitman (Eds.).
361. Tepper J.H., Nelson B.K., Bergantz G.W., Irving A.J. Petrology of the Chilliwack batholith, North Cascades, Washington: generation of calc-alkaline granitoids by melting of mafic lower crust with variable water fugacity. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1993, 113:333-351.
362. The Aleutian Arc website-website hosted by the Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, (accessed June 2006). http://www.gg.uwyo.edu/aleutians/index.htm.
363. 238U) of young mafic volcanic rocks from Nicaragua and Costa Rica and the influence of flux melting on U-series systematics of arc lavas. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2002, 66:4287-4309.
364. Tomascak P.B., Ryan J.G., Defant M.J. Lithium isotope evidence for light element decoupling in the Panama subarc mantle. Geology 2000, 28:507-510.
365. Treloar P.J. Pressure-temperature-time paths and the relationship between collision, deformation and metamorphism in the north-west Himalaya. Geological Journal 1995, 30:333-348.
366. Treloar P.J., O'Brien P.J., Khan M.A. Exhumation of early Tertiary, coesite-bearing eclogites from the Kaghan valley, Pakistan Himalaya, Abstracts: 16th Himalaya-Karakorum-Tibet Workshop, Austria. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2001, 19:68-69.
367. Treloar P.J., Petterson M.G., Jan M.Q., Sullivan M.A. A re-evaluation of the stratigraphy and evolution of the Kohistan Arc sequence, Pakistan Himalaya: Implications for magmatic and tectonic arc-building processes. Journal of the Geological Society 1996, 153:681-693.
368. Turcotte D.L. Geophysical processes influencing the lower continental crust. Geophysical Monograph Series 1989, vol. 51:321-329. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. R.F. Mereu, S. Mueller, D.M. Fountain (Eds.).
369. 230Th excesses in basalts produced by partial melting of spinel lherzolite. Chemical Geology 2000, 162:127-136.
370. Turner S., Bourdon B., Gill J. Insights into magma genesis at convergent margins from U-series isotopes, Chapter 7. Review of Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2003, vol. 52:255-312. Mineralogical Society of America and Geochemical Society, Washington, DC. B. Bourdon, G. Henderson, C. Lundstrom, S. Turner (Eds.).
371. 230Th evidence for multiple dehydration events, rapid melt ascent and the timescales of differentiation beneath the Tonga-Kermadec island arc. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2000, 179:581-593.
372. 230Th systematics. Science 2001, 292:1363-1366.
373. Turner S., Foden J. U, Th and Ra disequilibria, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope and trace element variations in Sunda arc lavas: Predominance of a subducted sediment component. Contributions To Mineralogy and Petrology 2001, 142:43-57.
374. 230Th disequilibria, magma petrogenesis, and flux rates beneath the depleted Tonga-Kermadec island arc. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1997, 61:4855-4884.
375. Turner S.P., George R.M.M., Evans P.J., Hawkesworth C.J., Zellmer G.F. Timescales of magma formation, ascent and storage beneath subduction-zone volcanoes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Series A 2000, 358:1443-1464.
376. 2O in the genesis of mantle derived, arc-related, magmas. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 2001, 127:215-232.
377. van Keken P.E., Kiefer B., Peacock S.M. High resolution models of subduction zones: Implications for mineral dehydration reactions and the transport of water into the deep mantle. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2002, 3. pp. 2001GC000256.
378. Van Orman J., Saal A., Bourdon B., Hauri E. A new model for U-series isotope fractionation during igneous processes, with finite diffusion and multiple solid phases. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 2002, 83(47). Fall Meeting Supplement.
379. Vannucchi P., Scholl D.W., Meschede M., McDougall-Reid K. Tectonic erosion and consequent collapse of the Pacific margin of Costa Rica: Combined implications from ODP Leg 170, seismic offshore data, and regional geology of the Nicoya Peninsula. Tectonics 2001, 20:649-668.
380. Vernieres J., Godard M., Bodinier J.-L. A plate model for the simulation of trace element fractionation during partial melting and magma transport in the Earth's upper mantle. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:24771-24784.
381. von Huene R., Scholl D.W. Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust. Reviews of Geophysics 1991, 29:279-316.
382. von Huene R., Scholl D.W. The return of sialic material to the mantle indicated by terrigeneous material subducted at convergent margins. Tectonophysics 1993, 219:163-175.
383. Watson E.B., Lupulescu A. Aqueous fluid connectivity and chemical transport in clinopyroxene-rich rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1993, 117:279-294.
384. Weaver B.L., Tarney J. Empirical approach to estimating the composition of the continental crust. Nature 1984, 310:575-577.
385. White C., McBirney A.R. Some quantitative aspects of orogenic volcanism in the Oregon Cascades. Geological Society of America Memoir 1978, 153:369-388.
386. Wilcox R.E. Rhyolite-basalt complex on Gardiner River, Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1944, 55:1047-1080.
387. Winkler G.R., Silberman M.L., Grantz A., Miller R.J., MacKevett J.E.M. Geologic map and summary geochronology of the Valdez Quadrangle, Southern Alaska 1981, US Geological Survey Open File Report 80-892-A.
388. Wood B.J., Blundy J.D., Robinson J.A.C. The role of clinopyroxene in generating U-series disequilibrium during mantle melting. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1999, 63:1613-1620.
389. Yamamoto H. Contrasting metamorphic P-T-t paths of the Kohistan granulites and tectonics of the western Himalayas. Journal of the Geological Society 1993, 150(Part 5):843-856.
390. Yamamoto H., Yoshino T. Superposition of replacements in the mafic granulites of the Jijal Complex of the Kohistan Arc, northern Pakistan: Dehydration and rehydration within deep arc crust. Lithos 1998, 43(4):219-234.
391. Yogodzinski G.M., Kay R.W., Volynets O.N., Koloskov A.V., Kay S.M. Magnesian andesite in the western Aleutian Komandorsky region: Implications for slab melting and processes in the mantle wedge. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1995, 107(5):505-519.
392. Yogodzinski G.M., Kelemen P.B. Slab melting in the Aleutians: Implications of an ion probe study of clinopyroxene in primitive adakite and basalt. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1998, 158:53-65.
393. Yogodzinski G.M., Kelemen P.B. Geochemical diversity in primitive Aleutian magmas: Evidence from an ion probe study of clinopyroxene in mafic and ultramafic xenoliths. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 2000, 81:F1281.
394. Yogodzinski G.M., Lees J.M., Churikova T.G., Dorendorf F., Woeerner G., Volynets O.N. Geochemical evidence for the melting of subducting oceanic lithosphere at plate edges. Nature 2001, 409:500-504.
395. Yogodzinski G.M., Volynets O.N., Koloskov A.V., Seliverstov N.I., Matvenkov V.V. Magnesian andesites and the subduction component in a strongly calc-alkaline series at Piip Volcano, Far Western Aleutians. Journal of Petrology 1994, 35(1):163-204.
396. Yoshino T., Satish-Kumar M. Origin of scapolite in deep-seated metagabbros of the Kohistan Arc, NW Himalayas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2001, 140(5):511-531.
397. You C.F., Spivack A.J., Gieskes J.M., Rosenbauer R., Bischoff J.L. Experimental study of boron geochemistry: Implications for fluid processes in subduction zones. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1995, 59:2435-2442.
398. You C.F., Spivack A.J., Smith J.H., Gieskes J.M. Mobilization of boron in convergent margins: Implications for the boron geochemical cycle. Geology 1993, 21:207-210.
399. Zegers T.E., van Keken P.E. Middle Archean continent formation by crustal delamination. Geology 2001, 29:1083-1086.
400. Zhao D., Horiuchi S., Hasegawa A. Seismic velocity structure of the crust beneath the Japan Islands. Tectonophysics 1992, 212(3-4):289-301.
401. Zhao D., Yingbiao X., Weins D.A., Dorman L., Hildebrand J., Webb S. Depth extent of the Lau back-arc spreading center and its relation to subduction processes. Science 1997, 278:254-257.