Adakitic magmas: Modern analogues of Archaean granitoids

Lithos

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 411-429

  Martin, Hervé ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ BLAISE PASCAL   (France)

Author keywords

Adakite; Archean; Geochemistry; Granitoid; Subduction

Indexed keywords

ADAKITE; ANALOG MODEL; ARCHEAN; FELSIC ROCK; GRANITOID;

EID: 0033034426     PISSN: 00244937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00076-0     Document Type: Article

References (129)

1. Anderson R.N., Delong S.E., Schwarz W.M. Dehydration, asthenospheric convection and seismicity in subduction zones. J. Geol. 88:1980;445-451.
2. Arculus, R.J., Ruff, L.J., 1990. Genesis of continental crust: evidence from island arcs, granulites, and exospheric processes. In: Vielzeuf, D., Vidal, Ph. (Eds.), Granulites and Crustal Evolution. Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 7-23.
3. Arndt, N.T., 1992. Rate and mechanism of continent growth in the Precambrian. In: Maruyama, S. (Ed.), Evolving Earth Symposium. Okazaki, pp. 38-41.
4. Arndt N.T., Goldstein S.L. An open boundary between lower continental crust and mantle: its role in crust formation and crustal recycling. Tectonophysics. 161:1989;201-212.
5. Arth J.G., Hanson G.N. Geochemistry and origin of the Early Precambrian crust of north-eastern Minnesota. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 39:1975;325-362.
6. Atherton M.P., Petford N. Generation of sodium-rich magmas from newly underplated basaltic crust. Nature. 362:1993;144-146.
7. Barbey P., Martin H. The role of komatiites in plate tectonics. Evidence from the Archaean and early Proterozoic crust in the Eastern Baltic shield. Precambrian Res. 35:1987;1-14.
8. Barker, F., 1979. Trondhjemites: definition, environment and hypotheses of origin. In: Barker, F. (Ed.), Trondhjemites, Dacites and Related Rocks. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1-12.
9. Barker F., Arth J.G. Generation of trondhjemitic-tonalitic liquids and Archaean bimodal trondhjemite-basalt suites. Geology. 4:1976;596-600.
10. Beard J.S., Lofgren G.E. Effect of water on the composition of partial melts of greenstones and amphibolites. Science. 244:1989;195-197.
11. Beard J.S., Lofgren G.E. Dehydration melting and water-saturated melting of basaltic and andesitic greenstones and amphibolites at 1, 3 and 6.9 kb. J. Petrol. 32:1991;465-501.
12. Bebout G.E., Barton M.D. Metasomatism during subduction: products and possible paths in the Catalina schist, California. Chem. Geol. 108:1993;61-92.
13. Bickle M.J. Heat loss from the Earth: constraint on Archaean tectonics from the relationships between geothermal gradients and the rate of plate production. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 40:1978;301-315.
14. Bickle M.J., Battenay L.F., Boulter C.A., Groves D.I., Morant P. Horizontal tectonic interaction of the Archaean gneiss belt and greenstones Pilbara block. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 84:1980;25-35.
15. Bickle M.J., Battenay L.F., Chapman H.J., Groves D.I., McNaughton N.J., Campbell I.H., deLaeter J.R. Origin of the 3500-3300 Ma calc-alkaline rocks in the Pilbara Archaean: isotopic and geochemical constraints from the Shaw batholith. Precambrian Res. 60:1993;117-149.
16. Bird P., Toksöv M.N., Sleep N.H. Thermal and mechanical models of continent-continent convergence zones. J. Geophys. Res. 80:1975;4405-4416.
17. Blais S., Martin H., Jégouzo P. Reliques d'une croûte océanique archéenne en Finlande orientale. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris). 325:1997;397-402.
18. Bouhallier H., Choukroune P., Ballèvre M. Diapirism, bulk homogeneous shortening and transcurrent shearing in the Archaean Dharwar craton : the Holenarsipur area, Southern India. Precambrian Res. 63:1993;43-58.
19. Bouhallier H., Chardon D., Choukroune P. Strain patterns in Archaean dome-and-basin structures : the Dharwar craton (Karnataka, South India). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 135:1995;57-75.
20. Bourgois J., Lagabrielle Y., Le Moigne J., Urbina O., Janin M.C., Beuzart P. Preliminary results on a field study of the Taitao ophiolite (Southern Chile) : implications for the evolution of the Chile Triple Junction. Ophioliti. 18:1994;113-129.
21. Bourgois J., Martin H., Lagabrielle Y., Le Moigne J., Frutos Jara J. Subduction-erosion related to ridge-trench collision: Taitao Peninsula (Chile margin triple junction area). Geology. 24:1996;723-726.
22. 144Nd compositions of Cenozoic orogenic dacites from Baja California, northwestern Mexico, and adjacent west Texas : evidence for predominance of a subcrustal component Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 91:1985;1-11.
23. Choukroune, P., Bouhallier, H., Arndt, N.T., 1995. Soft lithosphere during periods of Archaean crustal growth or crustal reworking. In: Coward, M.P., Ries, A.C. (Eds.), Early Precambrian Processes. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., Vol. 95, pp. 67-86.
24. Condie, K.C., 1981. Archaean Greenstone Belts. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 434 pp.
25. Condie K.C. Origin and early growth rate of continents. Precambrian Res. 32:1986;261-278.
26. Defant M.J., Drummond M.S. Derivation of some modern arc magmas by melting of young subducted lithosphere. Nature. 347:1990;662-665.
27. Defant M.J., Drummond M.S. Mount St. Helens: potential example of the partial melting of the subducted lithosphere in a volcanic arc. Geology. 21:1993;547-550.
28. Defant M.J., Richerson M., De Boer J.Z., Stewart R.H., Maury R.C., Bellon H., Drummond M.S., Feigenson M.D., Jackson T.E. Dacite genesis via both slab melting and differentiation: petrogenesis of La Yeguada volcanic complex. Panama. J. Petrol. 32:1991;1101-1142.
29. Defant M.J., Jackson T.E., Drummond M.S., De Boer J.Z., Bellon H., Feigenson M.D., Maury R.C., Stewart R.H. The geochemistry of young volcanism throughout western Panama and southeastern Costa Rica: an overview. J. Geol. Soc. (London). 149:1992;569-579.
30. Delong S.E., Schwarz W.M., Anderson R.N. Thermal effects of ridge subduction. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 44:1979;239-246.
31. De Wit M.J., Roering C., Hart R.A., Armstrong A., De Ronde C.E.J., Green R.W.E., Tredoux M., Pederby E., Hart R.J. Formation of an Archaean continent. Nature. 357:1992;553-562.
32. Drummond M.S., Defant M.J. A model for trondhjemite-tonalite-dacite genesis and crustal growth via slab melting: Archaean to modern comparisons. J. Geophys. Res. 95:1990;21503-21521.
33. Drummond M.S., Defant M.J., Kepezhinskas P.K. The petrogenesis of slab derived trondhjemite-tonalite-dacite/adakite magmas. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh: Earth Sci. 87:1996;205-216.
34. Ellam R.M., Hawkesworth C.J. Is average continental crust generated at subduction zones? Geology. 16:1988;314-317.
35. Evans O.C., Hanson G.H. Most late Archaean tonalites, trondhjemites and granodiorites (TTG) in the SW Superior Province were derived from mantle melts, not by melting of basalts. AGU. V22D 3:1992;330. Abstr.
36. Futa K., Stern C.R. Sr and Nd isotopic and trace element compositions of quaternary volcanic centres of the southern Andes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 88:1988;253-262.
37. Garde A. Accretion and evolution of an Archaean high-grade grey gneiss amphibolite complex: the Fiskefjord area, southern West Greenland. Geol. Greenland Surv. Bull. 177:1997;115.
38. Gorman B.E., Pearce T.H., Birkett T.C. On the structure of Archaean greenstone belts. Precambrian Res. 6:1978;23-41.
39. Green, D.H., 1982. Anatexis of mafic crust and high pressure crystallisation of andesite. In: Thorpe, R.S. (Ed.), Andesites. Wiley, New York, pp. 465-487.
40. Guivel, C., Lagabrielle, Y., Bourgois, J., Maury, R., Martin, H., Arnaud, N., Cotten, J., 1996. Magmatic reponses to active spreading ridge subduction: multiple magma sources in the Taitao Peninsula region (46°-47° S, Chile triple junction). Third International Symposium on Andean geodynamics (ISAG 96) Saint-Malo, France. ORSTOM éditeur, pp. 575-578.
41. Hasebe K., Fujii N., Uyeda S. Thermal processes under island arcs. Tectonophysics. 10:1970;335-355.
42. 2O)=5 kb: II. Melt compositions. J. Petrol. 17:1976;139-193.
43. Hickey-Vargas R., Moreno Roa H., Lopez Escobar L., Frey F.A. Geochemical variations in Andean basaltic and silicic lavas from the Villarica-Lanin volcanic chain (39.5° S): an evaluation of source heterogeneity, fractional crystallisation and crustal assimilation. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 103:1989;361-386.
44. Holloway J.R., Burnham C.W. Melting relations of basalt with equilibrium water pressure less than total pressure. J. Petrol. 13:1972;1-29.
45. Honda S. Thermal structure beneath Tohoku, northeast Japan. A case study for understanding the detailed thermal structure of the subduction zone. Tectonophysics. 112:1985;69-102.
46. Honda, S., Uyeda, S., 1983. Thermal processes in subduction zones: a review and preliminary approach on the origin of arc volcanism. In: Shimozuru, D., Yokoyama, I. (Eds.), Arc Volcanism. pp. 117-140.
47. 40Ar du magmatisme crétacé quaternaire du Kamchatka du Nord (Russie) C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris). 320:1995;197-204.
48. Hunter D.R., Barker F., Millard H.T. The geochemical nature of the Archaean Ancient Gneiss Complex and granodioritic suite. Swaziland: a preliminary study. Precambrian Res. 7:1978;105-127.
49. Iovov D.A., Hoffmann A.W. Nb-Ta-rich mantle amphiboles and micas; implication for subduction-related metasomatic trace element fractionations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 131:1995;341-356.
50. Jahn B.M., Glikson A.Y., Peucat J.J., Hickman A.H. REE geochemistry and isotopic data of Archaean silicic volcanics and granitoids from the Pilbara Block, western Australia: implications for the early crustal evolution. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 45:1981;1633-1652.
51. Jégouzo P., Blais S. Structural evidence for collision tectonics in the Archaean of Eastern Finland. Geodynamica Acta. 8(1):1995;1-12.
52. 2O at 15 kbar. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 100:1988;35-46.
53. Kay R.W. Aleutian magnesian andesites : melts from subducted Pacific Ocean crust. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 4:1978;117-132.
54. Kay R.W., Mahlburg Kay S. Delamination and delamination magmatism. Tectonophysics. 219:1993;177-189.
55. Kepezhinskas P.K. Origin of the hornblende andesites of northern Kamchatka. Int. Geol. Rev. 31:1989;246-252.
56. Kepezhinskas P.K., Defant M.J., Drummond M.S. Na metasomatism in the island arc mantle by slab melt-peridotite interaction: evidence from mantle xenoliths in the north Kamchatka arc. J. Petrol. 36:1995;1505-1527.
57. Knowles, J., 1995. Fusion partielle de la croûte océanique dans une zone de subduction: approche par les déséquilibres U-Th. Unpublished memoir, University of Clermont-Ferrand, France, 42 pp.
58. Kröner A. Tectonic evolution in Archaean and Proterozoic. Tectonophysics. 187:1991;393-410.
59. Kröner A., Layer P.W. Crust formation and plate motion in the Early Archaean. Science. 256:1992;1405-1411.
60. Lagabrielle Y., Le Moigne J., Maury R.C., Cotten J., Bourgois J. Volcanic record of the subduction of an active spreading ridge, Taitao Peninsula (southern Chile). Geology. 22:1994;515-518.
61. Lagabrielle Y., Goslin J., Martin H., Thiriot J.L., Auzende J.M. Multiple active spreading centers in the hot North Fiji basin (SW Pacific): a possible model for Archaean seafloor dynamics? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 149:1997;1-13.
62. Lameyre J., Bowden P. Plutonic rock type series: discrimination of various granitoid series and related rocks. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 14:1982;169-186.
63. Lefèvre, C., 1979. Un exemple de volcanisme de marge active dans les Andes du Pérou, du miocène à l'actuel: zonation et pétrogenèse des andésites et shoshonites. Unpublished thesis, Montpellier, France, p. 555.
64. Le Moigne, J., 1995. Subduction d'une dorsale active; géologie des ophiolites de Taitao (point triple du Chili). Unpublished thesis, University of Brest, France, p. 161.
65. Le Moigne J., Lagabrielle Y., Bourgois J., Palvadeau E. Ophiolites en contexte de dorsale en subduction: nouvelels données sur la Péninsule de Taitao (Sud Chili). C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris). 317:1993;403-410.
66. Lopez-Escobar, L., 1984. Petrology and chemistry of volcanic rocks of the Southern Andes. In: Harmon R.S., Barreiro, B.A. (Eds.), Andean Magmatism, Chemical and Isotopic Constraints, Shiva Geology Series, Nantwich, pp. 47-71.
67. Ludden J., Hubert C., Barnes A., Mikereit B., Sawyer E. A three dimensional perspective on the evolution of the Earth's largest Archaean crust. Lithoprobe seismic reflection images in the southwestern Superior Province. Lithos. 30:1993;357-372.
68. Mahlburg Kay S., Ramos V.A., Marquez M. Evidence in Cerro Pampa volcanic rocks of slab melting prior to ridge trench collision in southern South America. J. Geol. 101:1993;703-714.
69. Martin H. Effect of steeper Archaean geothermal gradient on geochemistry of subduction-zone magmas. Geology. 14:1986;753-756.
70. Martin H. Petrogenesis of Archaean trondhjemites, tonalites and granodiorites from eastern Finland: major and trace element geochemistry. J. Petrol. 28:1987;921-953.
71. Martin H. Archaean and modern granitoids as indicators of changes in geodynamic processes. Rev. Bras. Geoc. 17:1987;360-365.
72. Martin H. The mechanisms of petrogenesis of the Archaean continental crust, comparison with modern processes. Lithos. 30:1993;373-388.
73. Martin, H., 1995. The Archaean grey gneisses and the genesis of the continental crust. In: Condie, K.C. (Ed.), The Archaean Crustal Evolution. Elsevier, pp. 205-259.
74. Martin H., Chauvel C., Jahn B.M. Major and trace element geochemistry and crustal evolution of Archaean granodioritic rocks from eastern Finland. Precambrian Res. 21:1983;159-180.
75. Martin H., Auvray B., Blais S., Capdevila R., Hameurt J., Jahn B.M., Piquet D., Quérré G., Vidal Ph. Origin and geodynamic evolution of the Archaean crust of Eastern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. (Finland). 56:1984;135-160.
76. Maury R.C., Sajona F.G., Pubellier M., Bellon H., Defant M.J. Fusion de la croûte océanique dans les zones de subduction/collision récentes: l'exemple de Mindanao (Philippines). Bull. Soc. Geol. (France). 167(5):1996;579-595.
77. McDonald G.A., Katsura T. Chemical composition of Hawaiian lavas. J. Petrol. 5:1964;82-133.
78. McGregor V.R., Friend C.R.L., Nutman A.P. The late-Archaean mobile belt through Gotthåbsfjord region, southern west Greenland: a continent-continent collision-zone? Bull. Geol. Soc. (Denmark). 39:1991;179-197.
79. McKenzie D.P. The generation and compaction of partially molten rocks. J. Petrol. 25:1984;713-765.
80. Molnar P., England P.C. Temperatures, heat flux and frictional stress near major thrust faults. J. Geophys. Res. 95:1990;4833-7856.
81. Monzier M., Robin C., Hall M.L., Cotten J., Mothes P., Eissen J.P., Samaniego P. Les adakites d'Equateur: modèle préliminaire. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris). 324:1997;545-552.
82. Morris P.A. Slab melting as an explanation of Quaternary volcanism and aseismicity in southwestern Japan. Geology. 23:1995;395-398.
83. Moyen J.-F., Martin H., Jayananda M. Origine du granite fini-Archéen de Closepet (Inde du Sud): apports de la modélisation géochimique du comportement des éléments en traces. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris). 325:1997;659-664.
84. Myers J.D., Frost C.D. A petrologic investigation of the Adak volcanic center, central Aleutian arc, Alaska. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 60:1994;109-146.
85. Nédélec A., Nsifa E.N., Martin H. Major and trace element geochemistry of the Archaean Ntem plutonic complex (South Cameroon): petrogenesis and crustal evolution. Precambrian Res. 47:1990;35-50.
86. Neymark L.A., Kovach V.P., Nemchin A.A., Morozova I.M., Kotov A.B., Vinogradov D.P., Gorokhovsky B.M., Ovchinnikova G.V., Bogomolova L.M., Smelov A.P. Late Archaean intrusive complexes in the Olekma granite-greenstone terrain and (eastern Siberia): geochemical and isotopic study. Precambrian Res. 62:1993;453-472.
87. O'Reilly S.Z., Griffin W.L., Ryan C.G. Residence of trace elements in metasomatised spinel lherzolite xenolith: a proton micoprobe study. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 109:1991;98-113.
88. Peacock S.M. Fluid processes in subduction zones. Science. 248:1990;329-337.
89. Peacock S.M. Large-scale hydration of the lithosphere above subducting slabs. Chem. Geol. 108:1993;43-59.
90. Peacock S.M., Rushmer T., Thompson A.B. Partial melting of subducting oceanic crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 121:1994;224-227.
91. Prouteau G., Maury R., Rangin C., Suparka E., Bellon H., Pubellier M., Cotten J. Les adakites miocènes du NW de Bornéo, témoins de la fermeture de la proto-mer de Chine. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris). 323:1996;925-932.
92. Rapp R.P., Watson E.B. Dehydration melting of metabasalt at 8-32 kbar: implications for continental growth and crust-mantle recycling. J. Petrol. 36(4):1995;891-931.
93. Rapp R.P., Watson E.B., Miller C.F. Partial melting of amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archaean trondhjemites and tonalites. Precambrian Res. 51:1991;1-25.
94. Rogers G., Hawkesworth C.J. A geochemical traverse across the North Chilean Andes: evidence for crust generation from the mantle wedge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 91:1989;271-285.
95. Rogers G., Saunders A.D., Terrell D.J., Verma S.P., Marriner G.F. Geochemistry of holocene volcanic rocks associated with ridge subduction in Baja California, Mexico. Nature. 315:1985;389-392.
96. Rollinson H. Eclogite xenoliths in west African kimberlites as residues from Archaean granitoid crust formation. Nature. 389:1997;173-176.
97. Rushmer T. Partial melting of two amphibolites: contrasting experimental results under fluid-absent conditions. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 107:1991;41-59.
98. Sajona, F.G., 1995. Fusion de la croûte océanique en contexte de subduction collision: géochimie, géochronologie et pétrologie du magmatisme plioquaternaire de Mindanao (Philippines). Unpublished thesis, Brest University, France, 223 pp.
99. Sajona, F.G., Bellon, H., Maury, R.C., Pubellier, M., Quebral, R.D., Cotten, J., Bayon, F.E., Pagado, E., Pamatian, P., 1996. Tertiary and Quaternary magmatism in Mindanao and Leyte (Philippines: geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic setting. J. SE Asian Earth Sci., in press.
100. Samaniego, P., 1997. Interactions entre les magmas adakitiques et calco-alcalins: géochimie des complexes volcaniques du Cayambe et du Moranda-Fuya Fuya (Equateur). Unpublished memoir, University of Clermont-Ferrand, France, 45 pp.
101. Saunders A.D., Rogers G., Marriner G.F., Terrell D.J., Verma S.P. Geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks, Baja California, Mexico: implications for the petrogenesis of post-subduction magmas. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 32:1987;223-245.
102. Schiano P., Clochiatti R., Shimizu N., Maury R., Jochum K.P., Hofmann A.W. Hydrous, silica-rich melts in the sub-arc mantle and their relationships with erupted arc lavas. Nature. 377:1995;595-600.
103. Sen C., Dunn T. Dehydration melting of a basaltic composition amphibolite at 1.5 and 2.0 Gpa: implications for the origin of adakites. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 117:1994;394-409.
104. Sheraton J.W., Black L.P. Geochemistry of Precambrian gneisses: relevance for the evolution of the east Antarctic shield. Lithos. 16:1983;273-296.
105. 10Be enrichments by fluids in Andean arc magmas Nature. 346:1990;163-165.
106. Sigmarsson O., Martin H., Knowles J. Melting of a subducting oceanic crust in Austral Andean lavas from U-series disequilibria. Nature. 394:1998;566-569.
107. Smith T.E.M., Taylor S.R., Johnson R.W. REE-fractionated trachytes and dacites from Papua New Guinea and their relationship to andesite petrogenesis. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 69:1979;227-233.
108. Sorensen S.S. Petrology of amphibolite-facies mafic and ultramafic rocks from Catalina schist, southern California: metamorphism and magmatisation in a subduction zone metamorphic setting. J. Metamorph. Geol. 6:1988;405-435.
109. Sorensen S.S., Barton M.D. Metasomatism and partial melting in a subduction complex: Catalina schist, southern California. Geology. 15:1987;115-118.
110. Sorensen S.S., Grossman J.N. Enrichment in trace elements in garnet amphibolites from a paleo-subduction zone: Catalina schist, southern California. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 53:1989;3155-3177.
111. Stern, R., 1989. Petrogenesis of the Archaean sanukitoid suite. Unpublished Thesis. State University of New York at Stony Brook, p. 275.
112. Stern C.R., Futa K. An Andean andesite derived directly from subducted MORB or from LIL depleted subcontinental mantle. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union. 63:1982;1148.
113. Stern R., Hanson G. Archaean high-Mg granodiorites: a derivative of LREE enriched monzodiorite of mantle origin. J. Petrol. 32:1991;201-238.
114. Stern C.R., Kilian R. Rôle of the subducted slab, mantle wedge and continental crust in the generation of adakites from the Austral Volcanic Zone. Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 123:1996;263-281.
115. Stern, C.R., Futa, K., Muehlenbachs, K., 1984a. Isotopic and trace element data for orogenic andesites from the austral Andes. In: Harmon R.S., Barreiro, B.A. (Eds.), Andean Magmatism, Chemical and Isotopic Constraints, Shiva Geology Series. Nantwich, pp. 1-46.
116. Stern, C.R., Futa, K., Muehlenbachs, K., Dobbs, M., Munoz, J., Godoy, E., Charrier, R., 1984b. Sr, Nd, Pb, O isotope composition of late Cenozoic volcanics; northernmost SVZ (33-34°S). In: Harmon, R.S., Barreiro, B.A. (Eds.), Andean Magmatism, Chemical and Isotopic Constraints, Shiva Geology Series. Nantwich, pp. 96-105.
117. Streckeisen A. To each plutonic rock its proper name. Earth Sci. Rev. 12:1975;1-33.
118. Tarney, J., Weaver, B.L., Drury, S.A., 1979. Geochemistry of Archaean trondhjemitic and tonalitic gneisses from Scotland and E. Greenland. In: Barker, F. (Ed.), Trondhjemites, Dacites and Related Rocks. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 275-299.
119. Tarney J., Weaver B.L., Winley B.F. Geological and geochemical evolution of the Archaean continental crust. Rev. Bras. Geoc. 12:1982;53-59.
120. Tatsumi Y., Hamilton D.L., Nesbitt R.W. Chemical characteristics of fluid phase released from a subducted lithosphere and origin of arc lavas: evidence from high-pressure experiments and natural rocks. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 29:1986;293-309.
121. Thiéblemont D., Stein G., Lescuyer J.-L. Gisements épithermaux et porphyriques: la connection adakite. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris). 325:1997;103-109.
122. Toksöv M.N., Hsui A.T. Numerical studies of back-arc convection and the formation of marginal basins. Tectonophysics. 50:1978;177-196.
123. Toksöv M.N., Minear J.W., Julian B.R. Temperature field and geophysical effects of a downgoing slab. J. Geophys. Res. 76:1971;1113-1138.
124. Treloar P.J., Coward M.P., Harris N.B.W. Himalayan-Tibetan analogies for the evolution of the Zimbabwe craton and Limpopo belt. Precambrian Res. 55:1992;571-587.
125. Winther, T.K., Newton, R.C., 1991. Experimental melting of an hydrous low-K tholeiite: evidence on the origin of Archaean cratons. Bull. Geol. Soc. Denmark, p. 39.
126. Wolf M.B., Wyllie P.J. Dehydration-melting of solid amphibolite at 10 kbar: textural development, liquid interconnectivity and applications to the segregation of magmas. Miner. Petrol. 44:1991;151-179.
127. Wolf, M.B., Wyllie, P.J., 1993. Dehydration-melting of amphibolite at 10 kbar: effect of temperature, time and texture. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., in press.
128. Wyllie P.J. The role of water in magma genesis and initiation of diapiric uprise in the mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 76:1971;1328-1338.
129. Zamora, D., 1996. Fusion expérimentale de la croûte océanique subductée à 1.5 GPa, Unpublished memoir, University of Clermont-Ferrand, France, 46 pp.