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Isacks, B.L.1
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4243109656
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note
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The marine seismological survey used controlled sources and local earthquakes to model the crust, upper mantle, and subducting slab. Seismic reflection profiles - consisting of nine two-ship expanding spread profiles (ESP) along strike of the arc, two two-ship constant-offset profiles (COP), and the main profile of the whole transect - were shot with an airgun array (17 to 60 liters) and received by a 24-channel hydrophone streamer. Along-strike profiles were selected to sample the forearc, rift zone, and back arc. A total of 46 OBSs were laid out 15 to 20 km apart to receive airgun and dynamite shots along these profiles, in order to sample deep structure with wide-angle reflections and refractions. Two OBS seismic arrays were effectively configured to determine local shallow and deep seismicity across the arc, particularly beneath the forearc and rift zone (Fig. 1).
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11
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4243148584
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thesis, Chiba University
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N. Takahashi, thesis, Chiba University (1995).
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(1995)
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Takahashi, N.1
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12
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4243155246
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note
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Detailed water depths and acoustic basements were constrained by multichannel seismic reflection profiling. Along-arc record sections of ESP and OBS profiles were inverted in the intercept time-ray parameter space to 1D velocity-depth models for each profile. On the basis of these constraints, a 2D ray-tracing forward modeling was performed for the across-arc profile to obtain a model that fit all of the picked arrivals in OBS record sections within 0.1 s of the observed value and explains the amplitude changes of these seismic phases with distance. The observed across-arc ray paths - interpreted to be P, PmP, Pn, and intracrustal wide-angle reflection phases - cover the entire arc down to depths of about 30 km. Because of the large OBS spacing and the lack of dynamite shots across the trench axis, the modeling of the structure at about 142°E (about 30 km wide above a depth of 15 km) relied chiefly on constraints from ESP6 (Fig. 1) record.
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13
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4243137346
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thesis, University of Tokyo
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Y. Ariie, thesis, University of Tokyo (1994).
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(1994)
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Ariie, Y.1
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14
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4243082186
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note
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The inversion scheme allows 3D ray paths through 2D structures modeled by linearly varying velocities where velocities are assigned at nodes of 1906 points of 3630 triangles, each with 1.5-km horizontal and 0.25-km (depth, 1.7 to 5 km) or 0.75-km (depth, 5 to 12 5 km) distances (23). A datum line was defined at a depth of 1.7 km. Corrections for travel times above this depth were made using reflection seismic data, taking ray paths into consideration. Travel times for P waves from three independent profiles (GOP2, FSP4, and main profile) were simultaneously inverted using 4672 ray paths Five iterations were made to converge to the model shown in Fig. 3.
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15
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4243125386
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thesis, Chiba University
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Y. Yokoi, thesis, Chiba University (1994).
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(1994)
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Yokoi, Y.1
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16
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4243195986
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note
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The earthquake locations were made from the two OBS arrays (squares in Fig. 1). Out of 453 local earth-quakes determined between 27 May and 11 June 1992, 20 representative events that occurred at crusial depths and in the subducting slab down to 372 km were used to geometrically constrain the attenuative zones. The OBS sensors are equipped with 4 5-Hz velocity sensors, which are not adequate to quantitatively estimate upper mantle Q. However, relative comparisons among different station-source pairs made it possible to map attenuative paths at a higher spatial resolution than previously available.
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4243195985
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Hydrographic Department of Japan, Tokyo
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M. Hayashida et al., Technical Bulletin of Hydrography (Hydrographic Department of Japan, Tokyo 1989), vol. 7, p 25.
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Technical Bulletin of Hydrography
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Hayashida, M.1
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19
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84998225292
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T Matsuda, J. Phys. Earth 26, S409 (1978); N. Niltsuma and F. Akiba, in Formation of Active Ocean Margins, N. Nasu, K. Kobayashi, S Uyeda, I. Kushiro, H. Kagami, Eds (Terrapub, Tokyo, 1985), pp 75-108; K Sato, Mod. Geol 15, 367 (1991)
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J. Phys. Earth
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Matsuda, T.1
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20
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84998225292
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N. Nasu, K. Kobayashi, S Uyeda, I. Kushiro, H. Kagami, Eds Terrapub, Tokyo
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T Matsuda, J. Phys. Earth 26, S409 (1978); N. Niltsuma and F. Akiba, in Formation of Active Ocean Margins, N. Nasu, K. Kobayashi, S Uyeda, I. Kushiro, H. Kagami, Eds (Terrapub, Tokyo, 1985), pp 75-108; K Sato, Mod. Geol 15, 367 (1991)
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Niltsuma, N.1
Akiba, F.2
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21
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84998225292
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T Matsuda, J. Phys. Earth 26, S409 (1978); N. Niltsuma and F. Akiba, in Formation of Active Ocean Margins, N. Nasu, K. Kobayashi, S Uyeda, I. Kushiro, H. Kagami, Eds (Terrapub, Tokyo, 1985), pp 75-108; K Sato, Mod. Geol 15, 367 (1991)
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Mod. Geol
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Sato, K.1
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25
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4243182695
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thesis, Tohoku University
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R Hino, thesis, Tohoku University (1991)
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(1991)
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Hino, R.1
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26
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0000387453
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H. Kanamon, Tectonophysics 12, 187 (1971), S. Uyeda and H. Kanamori, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 1049 (1979)
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Kanamon, H.1
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note
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We thank two anonymous reviewers for cntically reading the manuscript.
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