Explosive basaltic volcanism from Cerro Negro volcano: Influence of volatiles on eruptive style

Science

Volumn 277, Issue 5332, 1997, Pages 1639-1642

  Roggensack, Kurt ^a   Hervig, Richard L ^a   McKnight, Steven B ^a,b   Williams, Stanley N ^a  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Friends Seminary   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; WATER;

ASH; BASALT; DEGASSING; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

ARTICLE; EXPLOSION; NICARAGUA; PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VOLCANO; WATER CONTENT;

NICARAGUA, CERRO NEGRO VOLCANO;

EID: 0030798457     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5332.1639     Document Type: Article

References (49)

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7. C. Gutiérrez et al., Global Volcanism Net. Bull. 17(no. 3), 2 (1992); G. J. Soto et al., ibid. (no. 4), p. 7. Attempts to classify explosive basaltic volcanism have highlighted problems with recognition of this class of activity. The high sustained ash column and continuous explosion of the 1992 eruption are like those observed in silicic plinian eruptions. In addition, scoria from the 1992 eruption show none of the textures commonly produced by fire fountaining [G. Heiken, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83, 1961 (1972)].
8. C. Gutiérrez et al., Global Volcanism Net. Bull. 17(no. 3), 2 (1992); G. J. Soto et al., ibid. (no. 4), p. 7. Attempts to classify explosive basaltic volcanism have highlighted problems with recognition of this class of activity. The high sustained ash column and continuous explosion of the 1992 eruption are like those observed in silicic plinian eruptions. In addition, scoria from the 1992 eruption show none of the textures commonly produced by fire fountaining [G. Heiken, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83, 1961 (1972)].
9. C. Gutiérrez et al., Global Volcanism Net. Bull. 17(no. 3), 2 (1992); G. J. Soto et al., ibid. (no. 4), p. 7. Attempts to classify explosive basaltic volcanism have highlighted problems with recognition of this class of activity. The high sustained ash column and continuous explosion of the 1992 eruption are like those observed in silicic plinian eruptions. In addition, scoria from the 1992 eruption show none of the textures commonly produced by fire fountaining [G. Heiken, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83, 1961 (1972)].
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12. W. Strauch and A. Cruesot-Eon, Global Volcanism Net. Bull. 20 (no. 5), 2 (1995); M. Navarro et al., ibid. 20 (no. 9), 9 (1995); W. Strauch et al., ibid. 20 (no. 11/12), 2 (1995).
13. 3, respectively [B. Hill, personal communication; B. Hill et al., in Volcanic Activity and the Environment, IAVCEI Abstracts, International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 19 to 24 January 1997 (Unload Editorial, Guadalajara, Mexico, 1997), p. 38]. The 1992 eruption lasted 5 days, and most of the ash fell during the first 18 hours (3). The main phase of the 1995 eruption began in November and lasted roughly 2.5 weeks (5).
14. 3, respectively [B. Hill, personal communication; B. Hill et al., in Volcanic Activity and the Environment, IAVCEI Abstracts, International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 19 to 24 January 1997 (Unload Editorial, Guadalajara, Mexico, 1997), p. 38]. The 1992 eruption lasted 5 days, and most of the ash fell during the first 18 hours (3). The main phase of the 1995 eruption began in November and lasted roughly 2.5 weeks (5).
15. 71-83) in ash and lava are euhedral, vary widely in size (0.7-to 3.5-mm maximum dimension), and commonly feature small glass reentrants along their margins.
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36. Examples of explosive basaltic volcanism include Masaya, Nicaragua [S. N. Williams, Geology 11, 211 (1983)], Ambrym, Vanuatu [C. Robin, J. P. Eissen, M. Monzier, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 55, 225 (1993)], Tolbachik, Kamchatka [S. A. Fedotov and Ye. K. Markhinin, Eds., The Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (Cambridge Univ, Press, New York, 1983)], and Sumisu Rift, Japan [J. Gill et al., Science 248, 1214 (1990)].
37. Examples of explosive basaltic volcanism include Masaya, Nicaragua [S. N. Williams, Geology 11, 211 (1983)], Ambrym, Vanuatu [C. Robin, J. P. Eissen, M. Monzier, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 55, 225 (1993)], Tolbachik, Kamchatka [S. A. Fedotov and Ye. K. Markhinin, Eds., The Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (Cambridge Univ, Press, New York, 1983)], and Sumisu Rift, Japan [J. Gill et al., Science 248, 1214 (1990)].
38. Examples of explosive basaltic volcanism include Masaya, Nicaragua [S. N. Williams, Geology 11, 211 (1983)], Ambrym, Vanuatu [C. Robin, J. P. Eissen, M. Monzier, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 55, 225 (1993)], Tolbachik, Kamchatka [S. A. Fedotov and Ye. K. Markhinin, Eds., The Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (Cambridge Univ, Press, New York, 1983)], and Sumisu Rift, Japan [J. Gill et al., Science 248, 1214 (1990)].
39. Examples of explosive basaltic volcanism include Masaya, Nicaragua [S. N. Williams, Geology 11, 211 (1983)], Ambrym, Vanuatu [C. Robin, J. P. Eissen, M. Monzier, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 55, 225 (1993)], Tolbachik, Kamchatka [S. A. Fedotov and Ye. K. Markhinin, Eds., The Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (Cambridge Univ, Press, New York, 1983)], and Sumisu Rift, Japan [J. Gill et al., Science 248, 1214 (1990)].
40. 2.
41. 2O) is that these eruptions were not fed by stable shallow crustal-level magma chambers. Instead, the magma was moving upward as it fractionated, and this movement probably prevented settling of Mls that were formed earlier (that is, Mls with high saturation pressures). Also, despite the systematic variation shown in Fig. 3. many Mls do not follow a simple paragenetic sequence, suggesting that the magma was transported by a network of dikes rather than a single dike.
42. -1) is from J. E. Dixon, E. Stolper, and J. R. Delaney [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90, 87 (1988)]. Basalt glass density is assumed to be constant at 2800 g/liter. Wafer thickness was measured optically by viewing crystal edgewise.
43. -1) is from J. E. Dixon, E. Stolper, and J. R. Delaney [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90, 87 (1988)]. Basalt glass density is assumed to be constant at 2800 g/liter. Wafer thickness was measured optically by viewing crystal edgewise.
44. -1) is from J. E. Dixon, E. Stolper, and J. R. Delaney [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90, 87 (1988)]. Basalt glass density is assumed to be constant at 2800 g/liter. Wafer thickness was measured optically by viewing crystal edgewise.
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49. We thank the people of Institute Nicaraguense de Estudios Territorales and particularly M. Navarro for logistical support and help in the field, B. Hill for providing additional samples, J. Lowenstern for access and help with the FTIR, J. Clark for analytical assistance with electron microprobe (instrument support NSF grant EAR 8408163), S. Selkirk for help with figure preparation, and J. E. Dixon and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments. Partial financial support was provided by NSF, Arizona State University, and the United Nations.