The parent-child similarity in cross-group friendship and anti-immigrant prejudice: A study among 15-year old adolescents and both their parents in Belgium

Journal of Research in Personality

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 46-55

  Meeusen, Cecil ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Anti immigrant prejudice; Belgium; Cross group friendship; Intergenerational transmission

Indexed keywords

EID: 84897051479     PISSN: 00926566     EISSN: 10957251     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.03.001     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Aboud F.E. The development of prejudice in childhood and adolescence. On the nature of prejudice. Fifty years after Allport 2006, 310-326. Blackwell Publishing, Malden. F.J. Dovidio, P. Glick, L.A. Rudman (Eds.).
2. Aboud F.E., Doyle A.-B. Parental and peer influences on children's racial attitudes. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 1996, 20(314):371-383.
3. Adorno T.W., Frenkel-Brunswik E., Levinson D., Sanford N. The authoritarian personality 1950, Harper & Row, New York.
4. Akrami N., Ekehammar B., Bergh R., Dahlstrand E., Malmsten S. Prejudice: The person in the situation. Journal of Research in Personality 2009, 43:890-897.
5. Allport G.W. The nature of prejudice 1954, Doubleday, New York.
6. Bandura A. Social learning theory 1977, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
7. Binder J., Zagefka H., Brown R., Funke F., Kessler T., Mummendey A., et al. Does contact reduce prejudice or does prejudice reduce contact? A longitudinal test of the contact hypothesis among majority and minority groups in three European countries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2009, 96(4):843-856.
8. Brown R., Hewstone M. An integrative theory of intergroup contact. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 2005, 37:255-343.
9. Brown R., Zagefka H. Ingroup affiliations and prejudice. On the nature of prejudice. Fifty years after Allport 2005, 54-70. Blackwell, Malden. F.J. Dovidio, P. Glick, L.A. Rudman (Eds.).
10. Castelli L., De Dea C., Nesdale D. Learning social attitudes: Children's sensitivity to the nonverbal behaviors of adult models during interracial interactions. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 2008, 34(11):1504-1513.
11. Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism (2009). Tolerance barometer: How tolerant are Belgians towards ethnic minorities? Waterloo: IPSOS. Accessed 19.12.13. http://www.diversitybelgium.be/sites/default/files/legacy_files/studies/2009/Tolerantiebarometer_ENG_online%20versie.pdf
12. Crystal D.S., Killen M., Ruck M. It is who you know that counts: Intergroup contact and judgments about race-based exclusion. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 2008, 26(1):51-70.
13. Davidov E., Meuleman B., Billiet J., Schmidt P. Values and support for immigration: A cross-country comparison. European Sociological Review 2008, 24(5):583-599.
14. Davies K., Tropp L.R., Aron A., Pettigrew T.F., Wright S.C. Cross-group friendships and intergroup attitudes: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2011, 15(4):332-351.
15. Degner, J., & Dalege, J. (2013). The apple does not fall far from the tree, or does it? A meta-analysis of parent-child similarity in intergroup attitudes. Psychological Bulletin. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0031436.
16. Dejaeghere Y., Hooghe M., Claes E. Do ethnically diverse schools reduce ethnocentrism? A two-year panel study among majority group late adolescents in Belgian schools. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 2012, 36(1):108-117.
17. Deschouwer K. The politics of Belgium: Governing a divided society 2009, Palgrave, London.
18. Dhont K., Roets A., Van Hiel A. The intergenerational transmission of need for closure underlies the transmission of authoritarianism and anti-immigrant prejudice. Personality and Individual Differences 2013, 54(6):779-784.
19. Dhont K., Van Hiel A. Intergroup contact buffers against the intergenerational transmission of authoritarianism and racial prejudice. Journal of Research in Personality 2012, 46(2):231-234.
20. Dhont K., Van Hiel A., De Bolle M., Roets A. Longitudinal intergroup contact effects on prejudice using self- and observer-reports. The British Journal of Social Psychology 2012, 51(2):221-238.
21. Dinas, E. (2013). Why does the apple fall far from the tree? How early political socialization prompts parent-child dissimilarity. British Journal of Political Science. Advance online publication. doi:10.1017/s0007123413000033.
22. Dixon J., Durrheim K., Tredoux C. Beyond the optimal contact strategy: A reality check for the contact hypothesis. American Psychologist 2005, 60(7):697-711.
23. Duckitt J., Sibley C.G. Personality, ideology, prejudice, and politics: A dual process motivational model. Journal of Personality 2010, 78:1861-1894.
24. Duriez B., Soenens B. The intergenerational transmission of racism: The role of Right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Journal of Research in Personality 2009, 43(5):906-909.
25. Edmonds C., Killen M. Do adolescents' perceptions of parental racial attitudes relate to their intergroup contact and cross-race relationships?. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2009, 12(1):5-21.
26. Flanagan C.A. Teenage citizens: The political theories of the young 2013, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
27. Glass J., Bengtson V.L., Dunham C.C. Attitude similarity in three-generation families: Socialization, status inheritance, or reciprocal influence?. American Sociological Review 1986, 51(5):685-698.
28. Gómez A., Tropp L.R., Fernández S. When extended contact opens the door to future contact: Testing the effects of extended contact on attitudes and intergroup expectancies in majority and minority groups. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2011, 14(2):161-173.
29. Grusec J.E., Davidov M. Integrating different perspectives on socialization theory and research: A domain-specific approach. Child development 2010, 81(3):687-709.
30. Hello E., Scheepers P., Vermulst A., Gerris J.R.M. Association between educational attainment and ethnic distance in young adults: Socialization by schools or parents?. Acta Sociologica 2004, 47(3):253-275.
31. Hewstone M., Judd C.M., Sharp M. Do observer ratings validate self-reports of intergroup contact? A round-robin analysis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2011, 47(3):599-609.
32. Hewstone M., Swart H. Fifty-odd years of inter-group contact: From hypothesis to integrated theory. British Journal of Social Psychology 2011, 50:374-386.
33. Hooghe M. Political socialization and the future of politics. Acta Politica 2004, 39(4):331-341.
34. Hooghe M., Meeusen C., Quintelier E. The impact of education and intergroup friendship on the development of ethnocentrism. A latent growth curve model analysis of a five year panel study among Belgian late adolescents. European Sociological Review 2012, 30. Advance online publication. 10.1093/esr/jcs086.
35. Hooghe M., Quintelier E. Do all associations lead to lower levels of ethnocentrism? A two-year longitudinal test of the selection and adaptation model. Political Behavior 2012, 35(2):289-309.
36. Hooghe, M., Quintelier, E., Verhaegen, S., Boonen, J., & Meeusen, C. (2012). Parent-Child Socialization Study (PCSS) 2012. Technical Report (p. 28). Leuven: KU Leuven.
37. Hooghe M., Wilkenfeld B. The stability of political attitudes and behaviors across adolescence and early adulthood: A comparison of survey data on adolescents and young adults in eight countries. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2007, 37(2):155-167.
38. Hughes D., Rodriguez J., Smith E.P., Johnson D.J., Stevenson H.C., Spicer P. Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future research. Developmental psychology 2006, 42(5):747-770.
39. Jaspers E., Lubbers M., de Vries J. Parents, children and the distance between them: Long term socialization effects in the Netherlands. Journal of Comparative Family studies 2008, 39(1):39-50.
40. Killen M., Kelly M.C., Richardson C., Crystal D., Ruck M. European American children's and adolescents' evaluations of interracial exclusion. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2010, 13(3):283-300.
41. Knafo A., Galansky N. The influences of children on their parents' values. Social and Psychology Compass 2008, 2(3):1143-1161.
42. Meuleman B., Davidov E., Billiet J. Changing attitudes toward immigration in Europe, 2002-2007: A dynamic group conflict theory approach. Social Science Research 2009, 38(2):352-365.
43. Miller S., Sears D. Stability and change in social tolerance: A test of the persistence hypothesis. American Journal of Political Science 1986, 30(1):214-236.
44. National Institute for Statistics (2010). International migration in Belgium. Brussels: National Institute for Statistics. Accessed 19.12.13. http://statbel.fgov.be/nl/statistieken/cijfers/bevolking/migraties/internationaal/.
45. Niemi R.G., Hepburn M.A. The rebirth of political socialization. Perspectives on Politics 1995, 24(1):7-16.
46. OECD International migration outlook 2013. OECD Publishing 2013, 10.1787/migr_outlook-2013-en.
47. O'Bryan M., Fishbein H., Ritchey P. Intergenerational transmission of prejudice, sex role stereotyping, and intolerance. Adolescence 2004, 39(155):407-426.
48. Paolini S., Hewstone M., Cairns E., Voci A. Effects of direct and indirect cross-group friendships on judgments of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland: The mediating role of an anxiety-reduction mechanism. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 2004, 30(6):770-786.
49. Pettigrew T.F. Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 1997, 23(2):173-185.
50. Pettigrew T.F., Christ O., Wagner U., Stellmacher J. Direct and indirect intergroup contact effects on prejudice: A normative interpretation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 2007, 31(4):411-425.
51. Pettigrew T.F., Tropp L.R. When groups meet. The dynamics of intergroup contact 2011, Psychology Press, New York.
52. Pinquart M., Silbereisen R.K. Transmission of values from adolescents to their parents: The role of value content and authorative parenting. Adolescence 2004, 39:83-100.
53. Rodríguez-García J.-M., Wagner U. Learning to be prejudiced: A test of unidirectional and bidirectional models of parent-offspring socialization. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 2009, 33(6):516-523.
54. Stangor C. The study of stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination within social psychology. A quick history of theory and research. Handbook of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination 2009, 1-22. Psychology Press Taylor & Francis Group, New York. T.D. Nelson (Ed.).
55. Tausch N., Hewstone M., Schmid K., Hughes J., Cairns E. Extended contact effects as a function of closeness of relationship with ingroup contacts. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2011, 14(2):239-254.
56. Towles-Schwen T., Fazio R. On the origins of racial attitudes: Correlates of childhood experiences. Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 27(2):162-175.
57. Turner R.N., Hewstone M., Voci A., Vonofakou C. A test of the extended intergroup contact hypothesis: The mediating role of intergroup anxiety, perceived ingroup and outgroup norms, and inclusion of the outgroup in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2008, 95(4):843-860.
58. Vanhoutte B., Hooghe M. Do diverse geographical contexts lead to diverse friendship networks? A multilevel analysis of Belgian survey data. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 2012, 36(3):343-352.
59. Vittrup B., Holden G.W. Exploring the impact of educational television and parent-child discussions on children's racial attitudes. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 2011, 11(1):82-104.
60. Vollebergh W., Iedema J., Raaijmakers Q.A. Intergenerational transmission and the formation of cultural orientations in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Marriage and Family 2001, 63(4):1185-1198.
61. Westholm A. The perceptual pathway: Tracing the mechanisms of political value transfer across generations. Political Psychology 1999, 20(3):525-551.
62. White F.A., Wootton B., Man J., Diaz H., Rasiah J., Swift E., et al. Adolescent racial prejudice development: The role of friendship quality and interracial contact. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 2009, 33(6):524-534.
63. Wright S.C., Aron A., McLaughlin-Volpe T., Ropp S.A. The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997, 73(1):73-90.