Treatment of peripheral arterial disease in diabetes: A consensus of the Italian Societies of Diabetes (SID, AMD), Radiology (SIRM) and Vascular Endovascular Surgery (SICVE)

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 355-369

  Aiello, A ^a   Anichini, R ^b   Brocco, E ^c   Caravaggi, C ^d   Chiavetta, A ^e   Cioni, R ^f   Da Ros, R ^g   De Feo, M E ^h   Ferraresi, R ^d   Florio, F ⁱ   Gargiulo, M ^j   Galzerano, G ^k   Gandini, R ^l   Giurato, L ^l   Graziani, L ^m   Mancini, L ⁿ   Manzi, M ^c   Modugno, P ^o   Setacci, C ^k   Uccioli, L ^l  

^a Dipartimento di Salute Mentale   (Italy)

^b UF Medicina del Lavoro   (Italy)

^c Policlinico Abano Terme Presidio Ospedaliero ULSS 16   (Italy)

^d ISTITUTO CLINICO CITTÀ STUDI   (Italy)

^e CANNIZZARO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PISA   (Italy)

^g Centro Diabetologico Monfalcone (GO) Ass2   (Italy)

^h CARDARELLI HOSPITAL   (Italy)

ⁱ CASA SOLLIEVO DELLA SOFFERENZA HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^j UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^k UNIVERSITY OF SIENA   (Italy)

^l TOR VERGATA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^m Neuroradiology Service   (Italy)

ⁿ Istituto Dermatologico   (Italy)

^o CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

more..

Author keywords

Angioplasty; Diabetic foot; Limb salvage; Peripheral arterial disease

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; CILOSTAZOL; CLOPIDOGREL; ILOPROST; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT;

AMPUTATION; ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX; ARTICLE; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA; DIABETIC FOOT; DIABETIC PATIENT; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; FEMOROPOPLITEAL BYPASS; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LIMB SALVAGE; OXIMETRY; PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVASCULARIZATION; CONSENSUS; ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREDICTIVE VALUE; RISK FACTOR; STANDARDS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULAR SURGERY;

AMPUTATION; ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS; CONSENSUS; DIABETIC FOOT; ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES; HUMANS; LIMB SALVAGE; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULAR SURGICAL PROCEDURES;

EID: 84897045635     PISSN: 09394753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.12.007     Document Type: Article

References (157)

1. Jude E.B., Eleftheriadou I., Tentolouris N. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetes. Diabet Med 2010, 27:4-14.
2. Mingardi R., Morabito A., Piaggesi A., et al. SCAR (SCreening for ARteriopathy) Study Group. Screening for peripheral arterial disease by means of the ankle-brachial index in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 2005, 22:1310-1314.
3. Prompers L., Schaper N., Apelqvist J., Edmonds M., Jude E., Mauricio D., et al. Prediction of outcome in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: focus on the differences between individuals with and without peripheral arterial disease. EURODIALE Study Diabetologia 2008, 51:747-755.
4. Lipsky B.A., Berendt A.R., Cornia P.B., Pile J.C., Peters E.J., Armstrong D.G., et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis 2012 Jun, 54(12):e132-e173.
5. Scatena A., Petruzzi P., Ferrari M., Rizzo L., Cicorelli A., Berchiolli R., et al. Outcomes of three years of teamwork on critical limb ischemia in patients with diabetes and foot lesions. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2012 Jun, 11(2):113-119.
6. Monami M., Adalsteinsson J.E., Desideri C.M., Ragghianti B., Dicembrini I., Mannucci E. Fasting and post-prandial glucose and diabetic complication. A meta-analysis. NMCD 2013, 23:591-598.
7. Brevetti G., Schiano V., Chiariello M. Endothelial dysfunction: a key to the pathophysiology and natural history of peripheral arterial disease?. Atherosclerosis 2008, 197:1-11.
8. Lepäntalo M., Fiengo L., Biancari F. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients with renal insufficiency: a review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012, 28(Suppl. 1):40-45.
9. Lombardo FL, Maggini M, De Bellis A, Seghieri G, Anichini R. Lower extremity amputations in persons with and without diabetes. Italy 2001-2010. PLOS ONE PONE-D- 13-17607R410.1371, 2014, EMID:c24139134c38c87a.
10. Faglia E., Mantero M., Caminiti M., Caravaggi C., De Giglio R., Pritelli C., et al. Extensive use of peripheral angioplasty, particularly infrapopliteal, in the treatment of ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers: clinical results of a multicentric study of 221 consecutive diabetic subjects. J Intern Med 2002, 252:225-232.
11. Faglia E., Dalla Paola L., Clerici G., Clerissi J., Graziani L., Fusaro M., et al. Peripheral angioplasty as the first-choice revascularization procedure in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia: prospective study of 993 consecutive patients hospitalized and followed between 1999 and 2003. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005 Jun, 29(6):620-627.
12. Ferraresi R., Centola M., Ferlini M., Da Ros R., Caravaggi C., Assaloni R., et al. Long-term outcomes after angioplasty of isolated, below-the-knee arteries in diabetic patients with critical limb ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2009 Mar, 37(3):336-342.
13. Uccioli L., Gandini R., Giurato L., Fabiano S., Pampana E., Spallone V., et al. Long-term outcomes of diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia followed in a tertiary referral diabetic foot clinic. Diabetes Care 2010 May, 33(5):977-982.
14. Prompers L., Huijberts M., Apelqvist J., Jude E., Piaggesi A., Bakker K., et al. Delivery of care to diabetic patients with foot ulcers in daily practice: results of the Eurodiale Study, a prospective cohort study. Diabet Med 2008 Jun, 25(6):700-707.
15. Caravaggi C., De Giglio R., Pritelli C., et al. Extensive use of peripheral angioplasty, particularly infrapopliteal, in the treatment of ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers: clinical results of a multicentric study of 221 consecutive diabetic subjects. J Intern Med 2002, 252:225-232.
16. Gabrielli L., Losa S., Mantero M., et al. Long- term prognosis of diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia: a population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care 2009 May, 32(5):822-827.
17. Gargiulo M., Maioli F., Ceccacci T., et al. What's next after optimal infrapopliteal angioplasty? Clinical and ultrasonographic results of a prospective single-center study. J Endovasc Ther 2008 Jun, 15(3):363-369.
18. Jude E.B., Eleftheriadou I., Tentolouris N. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetes - a review. Diabet Med 2010 Jan, 27(1):4-14.
19. Dybdahl H., Ledet T. Diabetic macroangiopathy. Quantitative histopathological studies of the extramural coronary arteries from type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetologia 1987, 30:882-886.
20. Rasmussen L.M., Heickendorff L. Accumulation of fibronectin in aortas from diabetic patients. A quantitative immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Lab Invest 1989, 61:440-446.
21. Andresen J.L., Rasmussen L.M., Ledet T. Diabetic macroangiopathy and atherosclerosis. Diabetes 1996, 45(Suppl. 3):S91-S94.
22. Lehto S., Niskanen L., Suhonen M., Ronnemaa t., Laakso M. Medial artery calcification: a neglected Harbinger of cardiovascular complications in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996, 16:978-983.
23. Shanahan C.M., Cary N.R., Salisbury J.R., Proudfoot D., weissberg P.L., Edmonds M.E. Medial localization of mineralization-regulating proteins in association with Mönckeberg's sclerosis: evidence for smooth muscle cell-mediated vascular calcification. Circulation 1999, 100:2168-2176.
24. Olesen P., Ledet T., Rasmussen L.M. Arterial osteoprotegerin: increased amounts in diabetes and modifiable synthesis from vascular smooth muscle cells by insulin and TNFalfa. Diabetologia 2005, 48:561-568.
25. Brevetti G., Laurenzano E., Giugliano G., Lanero S., Brevetti L., Luciano R., et al. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk prediction in peripheral arterial disease. Nutr Metab Card Dis 2010, 20:676-682.
26. Eryol N.K., Unal S., Arinc H., et al. Effect of diabetes mellitus on formation of coronary collateral vessels. Circulation 1999, 99:2239-2242.
27. Ludwig L.M., Chilian W.M., Pagel P.S., et al. Chronic hyperglycemia attenuates coronary collateral development and impairs proliferative properties of myocardial interstitial fluid by production of angiostatin. Circulation 2004, 109:2343-2348.
28. Waltenberger J. Impaired collateral vessel development in diabetes: potential cellular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc Res 2001, 49:554-560.
29. Chung Ada W.Y., Hsiang York N., Matzke Lise A., McManus Bruce M., Breemen Cornelis van, Okon Elena B. Reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor paralleled with the increased angiostatin expression resulting from the upregulated activities of matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in human type 2 diabetic arterial vasculature. Circ Res 2006, 99:140-148.
30. Boodhwani M., Sodha N.R., Mieno S., Xu S.H., Feng J., Ramlawi B. Functional, cellular, and molecular characterization of the angiogenic response to chronic myocardial ischemia in diabetes. Circulation 2007, 116(11 Suppl.):I31-I37.
31. van Golde J.M., Ruiter M.S., Schaper N.C., Xu S.H., Feng J., Ramlawi B. Impaired collateral recruitment and outward remodeling in experimental diabetes. Diabetes 2008, 57:2818-2823.
32. Ruiter M.S., van Golde J.M., Schaper N.C., Stehouwer C.D., Huijberts M.S. Diabetes impairs arteriogenesis in the peripheral circulation: review of molecular mechanisms. Clin Sci 2010, 119:225-238.
33. Beckman J.A., Creager M.A., Libby P. Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and management. JAMA 2002, 15:2570-2581.
34. Niccoli Giubilato S., Di Vito L., Leo A., Cosentino N., Pitocco D., Marco V., et al. Severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with a first acute coronary event: a diabetes paradox. Eur Heart J 2013, 34:729-741.
35. Peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:3333-3341. American Diabetes Association.
36. Jude E.B., Oyibo S.O., Chalmers N., Boulton A.J.M. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. A comparison of severity and outcome. Diabetes Care 2001, 24:1433-1437.
37. Ciavarella A., Silletti A., Mustacchio A., Gargiulo M., Galaverni M.C., Stella A., et al. Angiographic evaluation of the anatomic pattern of arterial obstructions in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. Diabet Med 1993, 19:586-589.
38. Graziani L., Silvestro A., Bertone V., Manara E., Andreini R., Sigala A., et al. Vascular involvement in diabetic subjects with ischemic foot ulcer: a new morphologic categorization of disease severity. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007, 33:453-460.
39. Faglia E., Favales F., Quarantiello A., Calia P., Paratore C., Brambilla G., et al. Angiographic evaluation of peripheral arterial occlusive disease and its role as a prognostic determinant for major amputation in diabetic subjects with foot ulcers. Diabetes Care 1998, 21:625-630.
40. Armstrong D.G., Peters E.J. Classification of wounds of the diabetic foot. Curr Diab Rep 2001 Dec, 1(3):233-238.
41. Norgren L., Hiatt W.R., Nehler M.R., Harris K.A. Fowkes FGR.on behalf of the TASC II Working Group. J Vasc Surg 2007, 45(1):S5A-S67A.
42. Ouriel K. Peripheral arterial disease. Review. Lancet 2001, 358:1257-1264.
43. Leibson C.L., Ransom J.E., Olson W. Peripheral arterial disease, diabetes, and mortality. Diabetes Care 2004, 27(12):2843-2849.
44. Norman P.E., Davis W.A., Bruce D.G., Davis T.M. Peripheral arterial disease and risk of cardiac death in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 2006, 29(3):575-580.
45. Nesto R.W., Watson F.S., Kowalchuk G.J., Zarich S.W., Hill T., Lewis S.M., et al. Silent myocardial ischemia and infarction in diabetics with peripheral vascular disease: assessment by dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy. Am Heart J 1990, 120(5):1073-1077.
46. Zellweger M.J. Prognostic significance of silent coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes. Herz 2006, 31:240-245.
47. Ndip A., Lavery L.A., Boulton A.J. Diabetic foot disease in people with advanced nephropathy and those on renal dialysis. Curr Diab Rep 2010, 10:283-290.
48. Graziani L., Silvestro A., Bertone V., Manara E., Alicandri A., Parrinello G., et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is feasible and effective in patients on chronic dialysis with severe peripheral artery disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007 Apr, 22(4):1144-1149.
49. Apelqvist J., Bakker K., van Houtum W.H., Schaper N.C. Practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot: based upon the International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot (2007) prepared by the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007, 24(S1):S181-S187.
50. Criqui M.H., Fronek A., Klauber M.R., Barrett-Connor E., Gabriel S. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of traditional clinical evaluation of peripheral arterial disease: results from noninvasive testing in a defined population. Circulation 1985, 71:516-522.
51. Apelqvist Jan, Elgzyri Targ, Larsson Jan, Löndahl Magnus, Nyberg Per, Thörne Johan Factors related to outcome of neuroischemic/ischemic foot ulcer in diabetic patients. J Vasc Surg 2011, 53:1582-1588.
52. Faglia E. Characteristics of peripheral arterial disease and its relevance to the diabetic population. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2011, 10(3):152-166.
53. Tasci I. Best practice in ankle brachial index measurement. JWound Ostomy Cont Nurs 2012, 39(3):238.
54. Orchard J., Strandness D.E. Assessment of peripheral vascular disease in diabetes. Report and recommendations of an international workshop sponsored by the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 1993, 16:1199-1209.
55. Wang Y., Mou Q., Zhao D., Xu Y., Hu D., Ma H., et al. Predictive value of ankle-brachial index and blood glucose on the outcomes of six-year all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in a Chinese population of type 2 diabetes patients. Int Angiol 2012, 31:586-594.
56. Young M.J., Adams J.E., Anderson G.F., Boulton A.J., Cavanagh P.R. Medial arterial calcification in the feet of diabetic patients and matched non-diabetic control subjects. Diabetologia 1993, 36:615-621.
57. Jeffcoate W.J., Rasmussen L.M., Hofbauer L.C., Game F.L. Medial arterial calcification in diabetes and its relationship to neuropathy. Diabetologia 2009, 52:2478-2488.
58. Everhart J.E., Pettitt D.J., Knowler W.C., Rose F.A., Bennett P.H. Arterial calcification and its association with mortality and complications of diabetes. Diabetologia 1988, 31:16-23.
59. Ix J.H., Miller R.G., Criqui M.H., Orchard T.J. Test characteristics of the ankle-brachial index and ankle-brachial difference for medial arterial calcification on X-ray in type 1 diabetes. J Vasc Surg 2012, 56:721-727.
60. Aubert C.E., Cluzel P., Kemel S., Michel P.L., Lajat-Kiss F., Dadon M., et al. Influence of peripheral vascular calcification on efficiency of screening tests for peripheral arterial occlusive disease in diabetes-a cross-sectional study. Diabet Med 2013, published on line 11 sep. 2013. 10.1111/dme. 12309.
61. Park S.C., Choi C.Y., Ha Y.I., Yang H.E. Utility of toe-brachial Index for diagnosis of peripheral artery disease. Arch Plast Surg 2012, 39(3):227-231.
62. Høyer C., Sandermann J., Petersen L.J. The toe-brachial index in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg 2013, 58:231-238.
63. Ballad J.L., Eke C.C., Bunt T.J., Killeen J.D. A prospective evaluation of transcutaneous oxygen measurements in the management of diabetic foot problems. J Vasc Surg 1995, 22:485-490.
64. Faglia E., Clerici G., Caminiti M., Quarantiello A., Curci V., Somalvico F. Evaluation of feasibility of ankle pressure and foot oximetry values for the detection of critical limb ischemia in diabetic patients. Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010, 44:184-189.
65. Collins R., Burch J., Cranny G., Aguiar-Ibanez R., Craig D., Wright K., et al. Duplex ultrasonography, magnetic resonance angiography, and computed tomography angiography for diagnosis and assessment of symptomatic, lower limb peripheral arterial disease: systematic review. BMJ 2007, 334:1257-1266.
66. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (Lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic). J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006, 17:1383-1398.
67. Bradbury A.W., Adam D.J. Diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb. BMJ 2007, 334:1229-1230.
68. Visser K., Hunink M.G. Peripheral arterial disease: gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography versus color-guided duplex US: a meta-analysis. Radiology 2000, 216:67-77.
69. Hingorani A., Ascher E., Marks N. Preprocedural imaging: new options to reduce need for contrast angiography. Semin Vasc Surg 2007, 20:15-28.
70. Lapeyre M., Kobeiter H., Desgranges P., Rahmouni A., Becquemin J.P., Luciani A. Assessment of critical limb ischemia in patients with diabetes: comparison of MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Am J Roentgenol 2005 Dec, 185(6):1641-1650.
71. Met R., Bipat S., Legemate D.A., Reekers J.A., Koelemay M.J. Diagnostic performance of computed tomography angiography in peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2009, 301:415-424.
72. Thomsen Henrik S. Contrast media safety: an update. Eur J Radiol 2011, 80:77-82.
73. Ruffolo A.J., Romano M., Ciapponi A. Prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010.
74. Piaggesi A., Vallini V., Iacopi E., Tedeschi A., Scatena A., Goretti C., et al. Iloprost in the management of peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Minerva Cardioangiol 2011 Feb, 59(1):101-108.
75. Alonso-Coello P., Bellmunt S., McGorrian C., Anand S.S., Guzman R., Criqui M.H., et al. Antithrombotic therapy in peripheral artery disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2012 Feb, 141(2 Suppl.):e669S-e690S.
76. Ferreiro J.L., Angiolillo D.J. Challenges and Perspectives of antiplatelet therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery diseases. Curr Pharm Design 2012, 18(33):5273-5293.
77. Balasubramaniam K., Viswanathan G.N., Marshall S.M., Zaman A.G. Increased atherothrombotic burden in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome: a review of antiplatelet therapy. Cardiol Res Pract 2012, 2012:909154.
78. Di Minno G. Aspirin resistance and platelet turnover: a 25-year old issue. Nutr Met Card Dis 2011, 21:542-545.
79. Dicka F., Riccob J.B., Daviesc A.H., Cao P., Setacci C., de Donato G., et al. Chapter VI: follow-up after revascularisation. Eur J Vasc Surg 2011 Dec, S75-S90. Suppl. 2.
80. McNeely M.J., Boyko E.J., Ahroni J.H., Stensel V.L., Reiber G.E., Smith D.G., et al. The independent contributions of diabetic neuropathy and vasculopathy in foot ulceration. How great are the risks?. Diabetes Care 1995 Feb, 18(2):216-219.
81. Norgren L., Hiatt W.R., Harris K.A., Lammer J. TASC II Working Group TASC II section F on revascularization in PAD. J Endovasc Ther 2007 Oct, 14(5):743-744.
82. Faglia E., Clerici G., Caminiti M., Quarantiello A., Curci V., Morabito A. Predictive values recorded of transcutaneous oxygen tension for above-the-ankle amputation in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007, 33:731-736.
83. ESC guidelines on diabetes, prediabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Eur Heart J 2013, 10.1093/eurheartj/eht108.
84. Apelqvist J. Diagnostics and treatment of the diabetic foot. Endocrine 2012 Jun, 41(3):384-397.
85. Setacci C. Time is tissue. J Endovasc Ther 2012, 19(4):515-516.
86. Faglia E., Clerici G., Caminiti M., Quarantiello A., Gino M., Morabito A. The role of early surgical debridement and revascularization in patients with diabetes and deep foot space abscess: retrospective review of 106 patients with diabetes. J Foot Ankle Surg 2006 Jul-Aug, 45(4):220-226.
87. van Baal J.G. Surgical treatment of the infected diabetic foot. Clin Infect Dis 2004 Aug 1, 39(Suppl. 2):S123-S128.
88. Söderström M.I., Arvela E.M., Korhonen M., Halmesmäki K.H., Albäck A.N., Biancari F., et al. Infrapopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty versus bypass surgery as first-line strategies in critical leg ischemia: a propensity score analysis. Ann Surg 2010 Nov, 252(5):765-773.
89. Schaper N.C., Andros G., Apelqvist J., Bakker K., Lammer J., Lepantalo M., et al. International Working Group on Diabetic foot. Specific guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial disease in a patient with diabetes and ulceration of the foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012 Feb, 28(Suppl. 1):236-237.
90. Hirsch A.T., Haskal Z.J., Hertzer N.R., Bakal C.W., Creager M.A., Halperin J.L., et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006, 47(6):1239-1312.
91. Schleiffer T., Hölken H., Brass H. Morbidity in 565 type 2 diabetic patients according to stage of nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 1998, 12(2):103-109.
92. Lavery L.A., Lavery D.C., Hunt N.A., La Fontaine J., Ndip A., Boulton A.J. Diabetic foot disease in people with advanced nephropathy and those on renal dialysis. Curr Diab Rep 2010, 10(4):283-290.
93. Ndip A., Rutter M.K., Vileikyte L., Vardhan A., Asari A., Jameel M., et al. Dialysis treatment is an independent risk factor for foot ulceration in patients with diabetes and stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Care 2010, 33(8):1811-1816.
94. Jaar B.G., Astor B.C., Berns J.S., Powe N.R. Predictors of amputation and survival following lower extremity revascularization in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2004, 65(2):613-620.
95. Gershater M.A., Löndahl M., Nyberg P., Larsson J., Thorne J., Eneroth M., et al. Complexity of factors related to outcome of neuropathic and neuroischaemic/ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers: a cohort study. Diabetologia 2009, 52(3):398-407.
96. Hinchliffe R.J., Andros G., Apelqvist J., Bakker K., Friederichs S., Fiedrichs S., et al. A systematic review of the effectiveness of revascularization of the ulcerated foot in patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012, 28(Suppl. 1):179-217.
97. Johnson B.L., Glickman M.H., Bandyk D.F., Esses G.E. Failure of foot salvage in patients with end-stage renal disease after surgical revascularization. J Vasc Surg 1995, 22:280-285.
98. Venermo M., Biancari F., Arvela E., Korhonen M., Söderström M., Halmesmäki K., et al. The role of chronic kidney disease as a predictor of outcome after revascularisation of the ulcerated diabetic foot. Diabetologia 2011, 54(12):2971-2977.
99. Leers S.A., Reifsnyder T., Delmonte R., Caron M. Realistic expectations for pedal bypass grafts in patients with end-stage renal disease. J Vasc Surg 1998, 28:976-980.
100. Hoshino J., Fujimoto Y., Naruse Y., Hasegawa E., Suwabe T., Sawa N., et al. Characteristics of revascularization treatment for arteriosclerosis obliterans in patients with and without hemodialysis. Circ J 2010, 74(11):2426-2433.
101. Rabellino M., Aragón-Sánchez J., González G., Zander T., Baldi S., Garcia-Nielsen L., et al. Is endovascular revascularisation worthwhile in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia who also have end-stage renal disease?. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010, 90(3):e79-e81.
102. Giurato L., Gandini R., Meloni M., Pampana E., Ruotolo V., Izzo V., et al. Percutaneous angioplasty in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia and chronic kidney disease. Open J Endocr Metab Dis 2013, 3:2008-2012.
103. Weis-Müller B.T., Römmler V., Lippelt I., Porath M., Godehardt E., Balzer K., et al. Critical chronic peripheral arterial disease: does outcome justify crural or pedal bypass surgery in patients with advanced age or with comorbidities?. Ann Vasc Surg 2011, 25(6):783-795.
104. Jämsén T., Manninen H., Tulla H., Matsi P. The final outcome of primary infrainguinal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in 100 consecutive patients with chronic critical limb ischemia. JVasc Interv Radiol 2002, 13(5):455-463.
105. Jacqueminet S., Hartemann-Heurtier A., Izzillo R., Cluzel P., Golmard J.L., Ha Van G., et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in severe diabetic foot ischemia: outcomes and prognostic factors. Diabetes Metab 2005, 31:370-375.
106. Sigala F., Menenakos P., Sigalas P., Baunach C.H., Langer S.T., Papalambros E., et al. Transluminal angioplasty of isolated crural arterial lesions in diabetics with critical limb ischemia. VASA 2005, 34:186-191.
107. Bargellini I., Petruzzi P., Scatena A., Cioni R., Cicorelli A., Vignali C., et al. Primary infrainguinal subintimal angioplasty in diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2008, 31(4):713-722.
108. Dosluoglu H.H., Cherr G.S., Lall P., Harris L.M., Dryjski M.L. Peroneal artery-only runoff following endovascular revascularizations is effective for limb salvage in patients with tissue loss. J Vasc Surg 2008, 48(1):137-143.
109. Graziani L., Piaggesi A. Indications and clinical outcomes for below knee endovascular therapy: review article. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010, 75(3):433-443.
110. Faglia E., Clerici G., Clerissi J., Gabrielli L., Losa S., Mantero M., et al. Long term prognosis of diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia: a population based cohort study. Diabetes Care 2009, 32(5):822-827.
111. Werneck C.C., Lindsay T.F. Tibial angioplasty for limb salvage in high-risk patients and cost analysis. Ann Vasc Surg 2009, 23(5):554-559.
112. Alexandrescu V., Hubermont G., Philips Y., Guillaumie B., Ngongang Ch, Coessens V., et al. Combined primary subintimal and endoluminal angioplasty for ischaemic inferior-limb ulcers in diabetic patients: 5-year practice in a multidisciplinary 'diabetic-foot' service. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2009, 37(4):448-456.
113. Hering J., Angelkort B., Keck N., Wilde J,Amann B. Long-term outcome of successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the fibular artery in diabetic foot syndrome and single-vessel calf perfusion depends on doppler wave pattern at the forefoot. Vasa 2010, 39(1):67-75.
114. Pomposelli F.B., Kansal N., Hamdan A.D., Belfield A., Sheahan M., Campbell D.R., et al. A decade of experience with dorsalis pedis artery by-pass: analysis of outcome in more than 1000 cases. J Vasc Surg 2003, 37:307-315.
115. Pomposelli F.B., Marcaccio E.J., Gibbons G.W., Campbell D.R., Freeman D.V., Burgess A.M., et al. Dorsalis pedis arterial bypass: durable limb salvage for foot ischemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Vasc Surg 1995, 21(3):375-384.
116. Capek P., McLean G.K., Berkowitz H.D. Femoropopliteal angioplasty. Factors influencing long-term success. Circulation 1991, 83(2 Suppl.):170-180.
117. Romiti M., Albers M., Brochado-Neto F.C., Durazzo A.E., Pereira C.A., De Luccia N. Meta-analysis of infrapopliteal angioplasty for chronic critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg 2008, 47(5):975-981.
118. Faglia E., Clerici G., Clerissi J., Gabrielli L., Losa S., Mantero M., et al. Early and five-year amputation and survival rate of diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia: data of a cohort study of 564 patients. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006, 32:484-490.
119. Faglia E., Clerici G., Clerissi J., Caminiti M., Quarantiello A., Curci V., et al. Angioplasty for diabetic patients with failing bypass graft or residual critical ischemia after bypass graft. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2008, 36(3):331-338.
120. Dick F., Diehm N., Galimanis A., Husmann M., Schmidli J., Baumgartner I. Surgical or endovascular revascularization in patients with critical limb ischemia: influence of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcome. J Vasc Surg 2007, 45(4):751-761.
121. Gandini R., Chiappa R., Di Primio M., Di Vito L., Boi L., Tsevegmid E., et al. Recanalization of the native artery in patients with bypass failure. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2009, 32(6):1146-1153.
122. White C.J., Gray W.A. Endovascular therapies for peripheral arterial disease: an evidence-based review. Circulation 2007, 116:2203-2215.
123. Schwarzwalder U., Zeller T. Below-the-knee revascularization. Advanced techniques. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2009, 50(5):627-634.
124. Gandini R., Volpi T., Pampana E., Uccioli L., Versaci F., Simonetti G. Applicability and clinical results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with a novel, long, conically shaped balloon dedicated for below-the knee interventions. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2009, 50(3):365-371.
125. Ferraresi R., Centola M., Biondi-Zoccai G. Advances in below-the-knee drug-eluting balloons. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2012, 53(2):205-213.
126. Gandini R., Del Giudice C., Merolla S., Morosetti D., Pampana E., Simonetti G. Treatment of chronic SFA in-stent occlusion with combined laser atherectomy and drug-eluting balloon angioplasty in patients with ritical limb ischemia: a single-center, prospective, randomized study. J Endovasc Ther 2013, 20(6):805-814.
127. Airoldi F., Vitiello R., Losa S., Tavano D., Faglia E. Retrograde recanalization of the anterior tibial artery following surgical vessel exposure: a combined approach for single remaining infragenicular vessels. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010, 21(6):949-950.
128. Spinelli F., Stilo F., Benedetto F., De Caridi G., La Spada M. Early and one-year results of infrainguinal bypass after failure of endovascular therapy. Int Angiol 2011, 30:156-163.
129. Nolan B.W., De Martino R.R., Stone D.H., Schanzer A., Goodney P.P., Walsh D.W., et al. Vascular Study Group of New England. Prior failed ipsilateral percutaneous endovascular intervention in patients with critical limb ischemia predicts poor outcome after lower extremity bypass. J Vasc Surg 2011, 54(3):730-735.
130. Diehm N., Shang A., Silvestro A., Do D.D., Dick F., Schmidli J., et al. Association of cardiovascular risk factors with pattern of lower limb atherosclerosis in 2659 patients undergoing angioplasty. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006, 31:59-63.
131. Schmidt A., Ulrich M., Winkler B., Klaeffling C., Bausback Y., Bräunlich S., et al. Angiographic patency and clinical outcome after balloon-angioplasty for extensive infrapopliteal arterial disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010, 76(7):1047-1054.
132. Gargiulo M., Giovanetti F., Bianchini Massoni C., Freyrie A., Faggioli G., Muccini N., et al. Bypass to the ankle and foot in the era of endovascular therapy of tibial disease. Results and factors influencing the outcome. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2012, [Epub ahead of print].
133. Graziani L., Silvestro A., Bertone V., Manara E., Andreini R., Sigala A., et al. Vascular involvement in diabetic subjects with ischemic foot ulcer: a new morphologic categorization of disease severity. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007, 33:453-460.
134. Neville R.F., Attinger C.E., Bulan E.J., Ducic I., Thomassen M., Sidawy A.N. Revascularization of a specific angiosome for limb salvage: does the target artery matter?. Ann Vasc Surg 2009, 23:367-373.
135. Fusaro M., Dalla Paola L., Brigato C., Marangotto M., Nicolini S., Rripay R., et al. Plantar to dorsalis pedis artery subintimal angioplasty in a patient with critical foot ischemia: a novel technique in the armamentarium of the peripheral interventionist. JCardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2007, 8:977-980.
136. Zhu Y.Q., Zhao J.G., Liu F., Wang J.B., Cheng Y.S., Li M.H., et al. Subintimal angioplasty for below-the-ankle arterial occlusions in diabetic patients with chronic critical limb ischemia. J Endovasc Ther 2009, 16:604-612.
137. Alexandrescu V.A. Commentary: below-the-ankle subintimal angioplasty: how far can we push this application for lower limb preservation in diabetic patients?. J Endovasc Ther 2009, 16:617-618.
138. Graziani L., Silvestro A. Alternative approaches in critical limb ischemia 2006, 2-7. Gosling ed., London. UK, Clinical Vision;17.
139. Fusaro M., Dalla Paola L., Biondi-Zoccai G. Pedal-Plantar LOOP Technique for a challenging below-the-knee chronic total occlusion: a novel approach to percutaneous revascularization in critical lower limb ischemia. J Invasive Cardiol 2007, 19:E34-E37.
140. Manzi M., Fusaro M., Ceccacci T., Erente G., Dalla paola L., Brocco E. Clinical results of below-the-knee intervention using pedal-plantar loop technique for the revascularization of foot arteries. J Cardiovasc Surg 2009, 50:331-337.
141. Gandini R., Uccioli L., Spinelli A., Del Giudice C., Da Ros C., Volpi T., et al. Alternative techniques for treatment of complex below-the knee arterial occlusions in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2013, 29:377-383.
142. Peregrin J.H., Koznar B., Kovác J., Lastovicková J., Novotný J., Vedlich D., et al. PTA of infrapopliteal arteries: long-term clinical follow-up and analysis of factors influencing clinical outcome. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2010, 33:720-725.
143. Faglia E., Clerici G., Clerissi J., Mantero M., Caminiti M., Quarantiello A., et al. When is a technically successful peripheral angioplasty effective in preventing above-the-ankle amputation in diabetic patients with critical limb ischaemia?. Diabet Med 2007, 24:823-829.
144. Taylor G.I., Palmer J.H. The vascular territories (angiosomes) of the body: experimental study and clinical applications. Br J Plast Surg 1987, 40(2):113-114.
145. Attinger C.E., Evans K.K., Bulan E., Blume P., Cooper P. Angiosomes of the foot and ankle and clinical implications for limb salvage: reconstruction, incisions, and revascularization. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006, 117:261S-293S.
146. Iida O., Nanto S., Uematsu M., Ikeoka K., Okamoto S., Dohi T., et al. Importance of the angiosome concept for endovascular therapy in patients with critical limb ischemia. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010, 75:830-836.
147. Alexandrescu V., Vincent G., Azdad K., Hubermont G., Ledent G., Ngongang C., et al. A reliable approach to diabetic neuroischemic foot wounds: below-the-knee angiosome-oriented angioplasty. J Endovasc Ther 2011, 18:376-387.
148. Graziani L., Silvestro A., Monge L., Boffano G.M., Kokaly F., Casadidio I., et al. Transluminal angioplasty of peroneal artery branches in Diabetics: initial technical experience. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2008, 31:49-55.
149. Nguyen L.L., Conte M.S., Menard M.T., Gravereaux E.C., Chew D.K., Donaldson M.C., et al. Infrainguinal vein bypass graft revision: factors affecting long-term outcome. J Vasc Surg 2004, 40:916-923.
150. Ihlberg L., Luther M., Tierala E., Lepantalo M. The utility of duplex scanning in infrainguinal vein graft surveillance: results from a randomised controlled study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1998, 16:19-27.
151. Ihlberg L., Luther M., Alback A., Kantonen I., Lepantalo M. Does a completely accomplished duplex-based surveillance prevent vein-graft failure?. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1999, 18:395-400.
152. Davies A.H., Hawdon A.J., Sydes M.R., Thompson S.G. Is duplex surveillance of value after leg vein bypass grafting? Principal results of the vein graft surveillance randomised trial (VGST). Circulation 2005, 112:1985-1991. VGST Participants.
153. Brumberg R.S., Back M.R., Armstrong P.A., Cuthbertson D., Shames M.L., Johnson B.L., et al. The relative importance of graft surveillance and warfarin therapy in infrainguinal prosthetic bypass failure. J Vasc Surg 2007, 46:1160-1166.
154. Humphries M.D., Pevec W.C., Laird J.R., Yeo K.K., Hedayati N., Dawson D.L. Early duplex scanning after infrainguinal endovascular therapy. J Vasc Surg 2011, 53:353-358.
155. Dick F., Ricco J.B., Davies A.H., Cao P., Setacci C., de Donato G., et al. Follow-up after revascularisation. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011, 42(Suppl. 2):S75-S90.
156. Caselli A., Latini V., Lapenna A., Di Carlo S., Pirozzi F., Benvenuto A., et al. Transcutaneous oxygen tension monitoring after successful revascularization in diabetic patients with ischaemic foot ulcers. Diabet Med 2005, 22(4):460-465.
157. Giugliano G., Di Serafino L., Perrino C., Schiano V., Laurenzano E., Cassese S., et al. Effects of successful percutaneous lower extremity revascularization on cardiovascular outcome in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Intern J Cardiol 2013, 167:2566-2571.