메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2014, Pages

Examining historical and current mixed-severity fire regimes in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests of western North America

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; BIOTA; CONIFER; FIRE; FOREST; LANDSCAPE; NONHUMAN; NORTH AMERICA; PONDEROSA PINE; SUMMER; TEMPERATURE; WEATHER;

EID: 84896865448     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087852     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (134)

References (140)
  • 3
    • 0002837941 scopus 로고
    • Fire as an ecological and silvicultural factor in the ponderosa pine region of the Pacific slope
    • Weaver HA (1943) Fire as an ecological and silvicultural factor in the ponderosa pine region of the Pacific slope. Journal of Forestry 41: 7-15.
    • (1943) Journal of Forestry , vol.41 , pp. 7-15
    • Weaver, H.A.1
  • 4
    • 0000765967 scopus 로고
    • Pattern in ponderosa pine forests
    • Cooper CF (1962) Pattern in ponderosa pine forests. Ecology 42: 493-499.
    • (1962) Ecology , vol.42 , pp. 493-499
    • Cooper, C.F.1
  • 6
    • 0034626794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helping western forests heal: The prognosis is poor for U.S. Forest ecosystems
    • Covington WW (2000) Helping western forests heal: the prognosis is poor for U.S. forest ecosystems. Nature 408: 135-136.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 135-136
    • Covington, W.W.1
  • 8
    • 19544392685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic principles of forest fuel reduction treatments
    • DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.01.034, PII S0378112705000411, Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making Related to Uncharacteristic Wildfire Relative Risk Assessments for Decision-Making
    • Agee JK, Skinner CN (2005) Basic principles of forest fuel reduction treatments. Forest Ecology and Management 211: 83-96. (Pubitemid 40728098)
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.211 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 83-96
    • Agee, J.K.1    Skinner, C.N.2
  • 11
    • 0002705143 scopus 로고
    • Southwestern ponderosa forest structure: Changes since Euro-American settlement
    • Covington WW, Moore MM (1994) Southwestern ponderosa forest structure: changes since Euro-American settlement. Journal of Forestry 92: 39-47.
    • (1994) Journal of Forestry , vol.92 , pp. 39-47
    • Covington, W.W.1    Moore, M.M.2
  • 12
    • 0037658004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fallacy of passive management: Managing for fire safe forest reserves
    • Agee JK (2002) The fallacy of passive management: managing for fire safe forest reserves. Conservation in Practice 3: 18-26.
    • (2002) Conservation in Practice , vol.3 , pp. 18-26
    • Agee, J.K.1
  • 13
    • 15944407217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal forest-fire policy in the United States
    • Stephens SL, Ruth LW (2005) Federal forest fire policy in the United States. Ecological Applications 15: 532-542. (Pubitemid 40441295)
    • (2005) Ecological Applications , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 532-542
    • Stephens, S.L.1    Ruth, L.W.2
  • 14
    • 84857259627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 1416-year reconstruction of annual, multidecadal, and centennial variability in area burned for ponderosa pine forests of the southern Colorado Plateau region, Southwest USA
    • Roos CI, Swetnam TW (2012) A 1416-year reconstruction of annual, multidecadal, and centennial variability in area burned for ponderosa pine forests of the southern Colorado Plateau region, Southwest USA. The Holocene 22: 281-290.
    • (2012) The Holocene , vol.22 , pp. 281-290
    • Roos, C.I.1    Swetnam, T.W.2
  • 15
    • 84874998163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the onset of high-impact mega-fires through a forest land management prism
    • Williams J (2012) Exploring the onset of high-impact mega-fires through a forest land management prism. Forest Ecology and Management 294: 4-10.
    • (2012) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.294 , pp. 4-10
    • Williams, J.1
  • 16
    • 54149083385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dry forests in the Southern Interior of British Columbia: Historical disturbances and implications for restoration and management
    • Klenner W, Walton R, Arsenault A, Kremsater L (2008) Dry forests in the Southern Interior of British Columbia: historical disturbances and implications for restoration and management. Forest Ecology and Management 256: 1711-1722.
    • (2008) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.256 , pp. 1711-1722
    • Klenner, W.1    Walton, R.2    Arsenault, A.3    Kremsater, L.4
  • 18
    • 63249085825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecological importance of severe wildfires: Some like it hot
    • Hutto RL (2008) The ecological importance of severe wildfires: some like it hot. Ecological Applications 18: 1827-1834.
    • (2008) Ecological Applications , vol.18 , pp. 1827-1834
    • Hutto, R.L.1
  • 19
    • 33751509448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire severity in conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, California
    • DOI 10.1007/s10021-003-0134-z
    • Odion DC, Hanson CT (2006) Fire severity in conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, California. Ecosystems 9: 1177-1189. (Pubitemid 44833205)
    • (2006) Ecosystems , vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp. 1177-1189
    • Odion, D.C.1    Hanson, C.T.2
  • 20
    • 29244438840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and persistence of montane chaparral in mixed conifer forest landscapes in the northern Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA
    • Nagel TA, Taylor AH (2005) Fire and persistence of montane chaparral in mixed conifer forest landscapes in the northern Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society132: 442-457. (Pubitemid 41820312)
    • (2005) Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society , vol.132 , Issue.3 , pp. 442-457
    • Nagel, T.A.1    Taylor, A.H.2
  • 24
    • 84892022052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoiding a new "conspiracy of optimism": The economics of forest fuel reduction strategies
    • Wuerthner G, editor. Washington D.C.: Island Press
    • Power TM (2006) Avoiding a new "conspiracy of optimism": the economics of forest fuel reduction strategies. In: Wuerthner G, editor. Wildfire: a Century of Failed Forest Policy. Washington D.C.: Island Press.
    • (2006) Wildfire: A Century of Failed Forest Policy
    • Power, T.M.1
  • 26
    • 84873121467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects of fuel treatments on fisher habitat in the Sierra Nevada, California
    • Truex RL, Zielinski WJ (2013) Short-term effects of fuel treatments on fisher habitat in the Sierra Nevada, California. Forest Ecology and Management 293: 85-91.
    • (2013) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.293 , pp. 85-91
    • Truex, R.L.1    Zielinski, W.J.2
  • 27
    • 0034072217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99084.x
    • Trombulak SC, Frissell CA (2000) Review of the ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities. Conservation Biology 14: 18-30. (Pubitemid 30187738)
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-30
    • Trombulak, S.C.1    Frissell, C.A.2
  • 29
    • 55549143613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectives and considerations for wildland fuel treatment in forested ecosystems of the interior western United States
    • Reinhardt ED, Keane RE, Calkin DE, Cohen JD (2008) Objectives and considerations for wildland fuel treatment in forested ecosystems of the interior western United States. Forest Ecology and Management 256: 1997-2006.
    • (2008) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.256 , pp. 1997-2006
    • Reinhardt, E.D.1    Keane, R.E.2    Calkin, D.E.3    Cohen, J.D.4
  • 30
    • 0001226978 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California
    • Whittaker RH (1960) Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecological Monographs 30: 279-338.
    • (1960) Ecological Monographs , vol.30 , pp. 279-338
    • Whittaker, R.H.1
  • 31
    • 0037096922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed fire mortality of Sierra Nevada mixed conifer tree species: Effects of crown damage and forest floor combustion
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00521-7, PII S0378112701005217
    • Stephens SL, Finney MA (2002) Prescribed fire mortality of Sierra Nevada mixed conifer tree species: effects of crown damage and forest floor combustion. Forest Ecology and Management 162: 261-271. (Pubitemid 34657545)
    • (2002) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.162 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 261-271
    • Stephens, S.L.1    Finney, M.A.2
  • 32
    • 25144451887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which mosaic? A landscape ecological approach for evaluating interactions between fire regimes, habitat and animals
    • DOI 10.1071/WR02114
    • Bradstock RA, Bedward M, Gill AM, Cohn JS (2005) Which mosaic? A landscape ecological approach for evaluating interactions between fire regimes, habitat and animals. Wildlife Research 32: 409-423. (Pubitemid 41345702)
    • (2005) Wildlife Research , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 409-423
    • Bradstock, R.A.1    Bedward, M.2    Gill, A.M.3    Cohn, J.S.4
  • 33
    • 72249118045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative community states maintained by fire in the Klamath Mountains, USA
    • Odion DC, Moritz MA, DellaSala DA (2010) Alternative community states maintained by fire in the Klamath Mountains, USA. Journal of Ecology 98: 1365-2745.
    • (2010) Journal of Ecology , vol.98 , pp. 1365-2745
    • Odion, D.C.1    Moritz, M.A.2    DellaSala, D.A.3
  • 34
    • 84860161646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple successional pathways and precocity in forest development: Can some forests be born complex?
    • Donato DC, Campbell JL, Franklin JF (2012) Multiple successional pathways and precocity in forest development: can some forests be born complex? Journal of Vegetaton Science 23: 576-584.
    • (2012) Journal of Vegetaton Science , vol.23 , pp. 576-584
    • Donato, D.C.1    Campbell, J.L.2    Franklin, J.F.3
  • 35
    • 35848959032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-examining fire severity relations in pre-management era mixed conifer forests: Inferences from landscape patterns of forest structure
    • DOI 10.1007/s10980-007-9098-2, Why history matters in landscape ecology
    • Hessburg PF, Salter RB, James KM (2007) Re-examining fire severity relations in pre-management era mixed conifer forests: inferences from landscape patterns of forest structure. Landscape Ecology 22: 5-24. (Pubitemid 350060726)
    • (2007) Landscape Ecology , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 5-24
    • Hessburg, P.F.1    Salter, R.B.2    James, K.M.3
  • 36
    • 84896885036 scopus 로고
    • Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Range and Experiment Station
    • Dieterich JH (1975) Fire histories in southwestern ponderosa pine. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Range and Experiment Station.
    • (1975) Fire Histories in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine
    • Dieterich, J.H.1
  • 39
    • 0002329042 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of tree rings and fire scars to establish fire history
    • McBride JR (1983) Analysis of tree rings and fire scars to establish fire history. Tree Ring Bulletin 43: 51-67.
    • (1983) Tree Ring Bulletin , vol.43 , pp. 51-67
    • McBride, J.R.1
  • 41
    • 0000265588 scopus 로고
    • Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. ponderosa pine
    • Burns RM, Honkala BH, technical coordinators. Silvics of North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture
    • Oliver WW, Ryker RA (1990) Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. ponderosa pine. In: Burns RM, Honkala BH, technical coordinators. Silvics of North America. Volume 1. Conifers. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Handbook 654. 413-424 p.
    • (1990) Agricultural Handbook , vol.654 , pp. 413-424
    • Oliver, W.W.1    Ryker, R.A.2
  • 42
    • 0000400269 scopus 로고
    • Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Douglas-fir
    • Burns RM, Honkala BH, technical coordinators.
    • Hermann RK, Lavender DP (1990) Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Douglas-fir. In: Burns RM, Honkala BH, technical coordinators. Silvics of North America. Volume 1.
    • (1990) Silvics of North America , vol.1
    • Hermann, R.K.1    Lavender, D.P.2
  • 44
    • 0004232308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
    • Zar JH (1999) Biostatistical analysis, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    • (1999) Biostatistical Analysis
    • Zar, J.H.1
  • 45
    • 84896893395 scopus 로고
    • General report on a botanical survey of the Coeur d'Alene Mountains in Idaho during the summer of 1895: United States Division of Botany
    • Leiberg JB (1897) General report on a botanical survey of the Coeur d'Alene Mountains in Idaho during the summer of 1895: United States Division of Botany, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium (V): 41-85.
    • (1897) Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium , Issue.5 , pp. 41-85
    • Leiberg, J.B.1
  • 46
    • 33846454486 scopus 로고
    • Bitterroot Forest Reserve
    • Washington D.C.: US Geological Survey
    • Leiberg JB (1899a) Bitterroot Forest Reserve. Washington D.C.: US Geological Survey, Annual Report 19(V): 253-282.
    • (1899) Annual Report , vol.19 , Issue.V , pp. 253-282
    • Leiberg, J.B.1
  • 47
    • 84896878006 scopus 로고
    • Present condition of the forested areas in northern Idaho outside the limits of the Priest River Forest Reserve and north of the Clearwater River
    • Leiberg JB (1899b) Present condition of the forested areas in northern Idaho outside the limits of the Priest River Forest Reserve and north of the Clearwater River. US Geological Survey, Annual Report 19 (V): 373-386.
    • (1899) US Geological Survey, Annual Report , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 373-386
    • Leiberg, J.B.1
  • 49
    • 84888782791 scopus 로고
    • Cascade Range Forest Reserve, Oregon, from township 28 south to township 37 south, inclusive; together with the Ashland Forest Reserve and adjacent forest regions from township 28 south to township 41 south, inclusive, and from range 2 west to range 14 east, Willamette Meridian, inclusive
    • Leiberg JB (1900a) Cascade Range Forest Reserve, Oregon, from township 28 south to township 37 south, inclusive; together with the Ashland Forest Reserve and adjacent forest regions from township 28 south to township 41 south, inclusive, and from range 2 west to range 14 east, Willamette Meridian, inclusive. US Geological Survey Annual Report 21(V): 209-498.
    • (1900) US Geological Survey Annual Report , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 209-498
    • Leiberg, J.B.1
  • 52
    • 84896867410 scopus 로고
    • Southern part of Cascade Range Forest Reserve
    • Langille HD, Plummer FG, Dodwell A, Rixon TF, Leiberg JB, editors. US Geological Survey, Professional Paper No. 9.
    • Leiberg JB (1903) Southern part of Cascade Range Forest Reserve. In: Langille HD, Plummer FG, Dodwell A, Rixon TF, Leiberg JB, editors. Forest Conditions in the Cascade Range Forest Reserve, Oregon. US Geological Survey, Professional Paper No. 9. 229-289 p.
    • (1903) Forest Conditions in the Cascade Range Forest Reserve, Oregon , pp. 229-289
    • Leiberg, J.B.1
  • 53
    • 84896841373 scopus 로고
    • Forest conditions in the Absaroka division of the Yellowstone Forest Reserve, Montana
    • Leiberg JB (1904a) Forest conditions in the Absaroka division of the Yellowstone Forest Reserve, Montana. US Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 29.
    • (1904) US Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 29
    • Leiberg, J.B.1
  • 54
    • 84896850445 scopus 로고
    • Forest conditions in the Little Belt Mountains Forest Reserve, Montana, and the Little Belt Mountains quadrangle
    • Leiberg JB (1904b) Forest conditions in the Little Belt Mountains Forest Reserve, Montana, and the Little Belt Mountains quadrangle. US Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 30.
    • (1904) US Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 30
    • Leiberg, J.B.1
  • 56
    • 84881481334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of spatially extensive historical data from surveys for restoring dry forests of Oregon's eastern Cascades
    • Baker WL (2012) Implications of spatially extensive historical data from surveys for restoring dry forests of Oregon's eastern Cascades. Ecosphere 3: article 23.
    • (2012) Ecosphere , vol.3 , pp. 23
    • Baker, W.L.1
  • 57
    • 84864748185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatially extensive reconstructions show variable-severity fire and heterogeneous structure in historical western United States dry forests
    • Williams MA, Baker WL (2012a) Spatially extensive reconstructions show variable-severity fire and heterogeneous structure in historical western United States dry forests. Global Ecology and Biogeography 21: 1042-1052.
    • (2012) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.21 , pp. 1042-1052
    • Williams, M.A.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 58
    • 84864747778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the higher-severity fire regime in historical (A.D. 1800s) and modern A.D. (1984-2009) montane forests across 624,156 ha of the Colorado Front Range
    • Williams MA, Baker WL (2012b) Comparison of the higher-severity fire regime in historical (A.D. 1800s) and modern (A.D. (1984-2009) montane forests across 624,156 ha of the Colorado Front Range. Ecosystems 15: 832-847.
    • (2012) Ecosystems , vol.15 , pp. 832-847
    • Williams, M.A.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 59
    • 84873702758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability of historical forest structure and fire across ponderosa pine landscapes of the Coconino Plateau and south rim of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA
    • Williams MA, Baker WL (2013) Variability of historical forest structure and fire across ponderosa pine landscapes of the Coconino Plateau and south rim of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. Landscape Ecology 28: 297-310.
    • (2013) Landscape Ecology , vol.28 , pp. 297-310
    • Williams, M.A.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 60
    • 0032495118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history and landscape dynamics in a late-successional reserve, Klamath Mountains, California, USA
    • DOI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00342-9, PII S0378112798003429
    • Taylor AH, Skinner CN (1998) Fire history and landscape dynamics in a late successional reserve, Klamath Mountains, California. Forest Ecology and Management 111: 285-301. (Pubitemid 29000506)
    • (1998) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.111 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 285-301
    • Taylor, A.H.1    Skinner, C.N.2
  • 61
    • 0035211607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variation of fire regimes in a mixed conifer forest landscape, Southern Cascades, California, USA
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00591.x
    • Beaty RM, Taylor AH (2001) Spatial and temporal variation of fire regimes in a mixed conifer forest landscape, Southern Cascades, California, USA. Journal of Biogeography 28: 955-966. (Pubitemid 33141597)
    • (2001) Journal of Biogeography , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 955-966
    • Beaty, R.M.1    Taylor, A.H.2
  • 62
    • 0035656709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gradient analysis of fire regimes in montane forests of the southern Cascade range, Thousand Lakes Wilderness, California, USA
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1013263212092
    • Bekker MF, Taylor AH (2001) Gradient analysis of fire regimes in montane forests of the southern Cascade Range, Thousand Lakes Wilderness, California, USA. Plant Ecology155: 15-28. (Pubitemid 34002079)
    • (2001) Plant Ecology , vol.155 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-28
    • Bekker, M.F.1    Taylor, A.H.2
  • 63
    • 77951011801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire disturbance, forest structure, and stand dynamics in montane forest of the southern Cascades, Thousand Lakes Wilderness, California, USA
    • Bekker MF, Taylor AH (2010) Fire disturbance, forest structure, and stand dynamics in montane forest of the southern Cascades, Thousand Lakes Wilderness, California, USA. Ecoscience 17: 59-72.
    • (2010) Ecoscience , vol.17 , pp. 59-72
    • Bekker, M.F.1    Taylor, A.H.2
  • 64
    • 79955445791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the accuracy of new methods for reconstructing historical structure of forest landscapes using GLO survey data
    • Williams MA, Baker WL (2011) Testing the accuracy of new methods for reconstructing historical structure of forest landscapes using GLO survey data. Ecological Monographs 81: 63-88.
    • (2011) Ecological Monographs , vol.81 , pp. 63-88
    • Williams, M.A.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 65
    • 0031444559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonequilibrium dynamics between catastrophic disturbances and old-growth forests in ponderosa pine landscapes of the Black Hills
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96198.x
    • Shinneman DJ, Baker WL (1997) Nonequilibrium dynamics between catastrophic disturbances and old-growth forests in ponderosa pine landscapes of the Black Hills. Conservation Biology 11: 1276-1288. (Pubitemid 28017349)
    • (1997) Conservation Biology , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 1276-1288
    • Shinneman, D.J.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 66
    • 33846407221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire, fuels and restoration of ponderosa pine-Douglas fir forests in the Rocky Mountains, USA
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01592.x
    • Baker WL, Veblen TT, Sherriff RL (2007) Fire, fuels and restoration of ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir forests in the Rocky Mountains, USA. Journal of Biogeography 34: 251-269. (Pubitemid 46143982)
    • (2007) Journal of Biogeography , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-269
    • Baker, W.L.1    Veblen, T.T.2    Sherriff, R.L.3
  • 68
    • 0024250426 scopus 로고
    • Fire suppression's effects on forest succession within a central Idaho wilderness
    • Barrett SW (1988) Fire suppression's effects on forest succession within a central Idaho wilderness. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 3: 76-80.
    • (1988) Western Journal of Applied Forestry , vol.3 , pp. 76-80
    • Barrett, S.W.1
  • 69
    • 83755188081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed-severity fire regimes in dry forests of southern interior British Columbia, Canada
    • Heyerdahl EK, Lertzman K, Wong CM (2012) Mixed-severity fire regimes in dry forests of southern interior British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42: 88-98.
    • (2012) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.42 , pp. 88-98
    • Heyerdahl, E.K.1    Lertzman, K.2    Wong, C.M.3
  • 70
    • 33846930142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological effects of changes in fire regimes in Pinus ponderosa ecosystems in the Colorado Front Range
    • DOI 10.1658/1100-9233(2006)17[705:EEOCIF]2.0.CO;2
    • Sherriff RL, Veblen TT (2006) Ecological effects of changes in fire regimes in Pinus ponderosa ecosystems in the Colorado Front Range. Journal of Vegetation Science 17: 705-718. (Pubitemid 46232626)
    • (2006) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 705-718
    • Sherriff, R.L.1    Veblen, T.T.2
  • 71
    • 39549107292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spatially explicit reconstruction of historical fire occurrence in the ponderosa pine zone of the Colorado Front Range
    • Sherriff RL, Veblen TT (2007) A spatially explicit reconstruction of historical fire occurrence in the ponderosa pine zone of the Colorado Front Range. Ecosystems 9: 1342-1347.
    • (2007) Ecosystems , vol.9 , pp. 1342-1347
    • Sherriff, R.L.1    Veblen, T.T.2
  • 72
    • 80052001380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history and tree recruitment in the upper montane zone of the Colorado Front Range: Implications for forest restoration
    • Schoennagel TL, Sherriff RL, Veblen TT (2011) Fire history and tree recruitment in the upper montane zone of the Colorado Front Range: implications for forest restoration. Ecological Applications 21: 2210-2222.
    • (2011) Ecological Applications , vol.21 , pp. 2210-2222
    • Schoennagel, T.L.1    Sherriff, R.L.2    Veblen, T.T.3
  • 74
    • 68949096606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in forest structure of a mixed conifer forest, southwestern Colorado, USA
    • Fulé PZ, Korb JE, Wu R (2009) Changes in forest structure of a mixed conifer forest, southwestern Colorado, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 1200-1210.
    • (2009) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.258 , pp. 1200-1210
    • Fulé, P.Z.1    Korb, J.E.2    Wu, R.3
  • 75
    • 66449105836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatially and temporally variable fire regime on Rincon Mountain, Arizona, USA
    • Iniguez JM, Swetnam TW, Baisan CH (2009) Spatially and temporally variable fire regime on Rincon Mountain, Arizona, USA. Fire Ecology 5: 3-21.
    • (2009) Fire Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 3-21
    • Iniguez, J.M.1    Swetnam, T.W.2    Baisan, C.H.3
  • 76
    • 27944474720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate and disturbance forcing of episodic tree recruitment in a southwestern ponderosa pine landscape
    • Brown PM, Wu R (2005) Climate and disturbance forcing of episodic tree recruitment in a southwestern ponderosa pine landscape. Ecology 86: 3030-3038. (Pubitemid 41677454)
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , Issue.11 , pp. 3030-3038
    • Brown, P.M.1    Wu, R.2
  • 78
    • 84896854595 scopus 로고
    • USFS [United States Forest Service] San Bruno, CA: National Archives and Records Administration, Record Number 095-93-045
    • USFS [United States Forest Service] (1910-1912) Timber Survey Field Notes, 1910-1912, Stanislaus National Forest. San Bruno, CA: National Archives and Records Administration, Record Number 095-93-045.
    • (1910) Timber Survey Field Notes, 1910-1912, Stanislaus National Forest
  • 80
    • 0028042826 scopus 로고
    • Fire history and stand development of a Douglas-fir/hardwood forest in northern California
    • Wills RD, Stuart JD (1994) Fire history and stand development of a Douglas-fir/hardwood forest in northern California. Northwest Science 68: 205-212. (Pubitemid 2145425)
    • (1994) Northwest Science , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-212
    • Wills, R.D.1    Stuart, J.D.2
  • 83
    • 0004266542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revegetation after four stand-replacing fires in the Tahoe Basin
    • Russell WH, McBride JR, Rowntree R (1998) Revegetation after four stand-replacing fires in the Tahoe Basin. Madroño 45: 40-46.
    • (1998) Madroño , vol.45 , pp. 40-46
    • Russell, W.H.1    McBride, J.R.2    Rowntree, R.3
  • 84
    • 0037547403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns and controls on historical fire regimes and forest structure in the Klamath Mountains
    • Taylor AH, Skinner CN (2003) Spatial patterns and controls on historical fire regimes and forest structure in the Klamath Mountains. Ecological Applications 13: 704-719. (Pubitemid 38012515)
    • (2003) Ecological Applications , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 704-719
    • Taylor, A.H.1    Skinner, C.N.2
  • 85
    • 0027837354 scopus 로고
    • Fire history and structure of red fir (Abies magnifica) forests, Swain Mountain Experimental Forest, Cascade Range, northeastern California
    • Taylor AH (1993) Fire history and structure of red fir (Abies magnifica) forests, Swain Mountain Experimental Forest, Cascade Range, northeastern California. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23: 1672-1678.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.23 , pp. 1672-1678
    • Taylor, A.H.1
  • 87
    • 38949172418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history and the structure and dynamics of a mixed conifer forest landscape in the northern Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA
    • DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.044, PII S0378112707007128
    • Beaty RM, Taylor AH (2008) Fire history and the structure and dynamics of a mixed conifer forest landscape in the northern Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 707-719. (Pubitemid 351226413)
    • (2008) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.255 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 707-719
    • Beaty, R.M.1    Taylor, A.H.2
  • 88
    • 27944474720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate and disturbance forcing of episodic tree recruitment in a southwestern ponderosa pine landscape
    • Brown PM, Wu R (2005) Climate and disturbance forcing of episodic tree recruitment in a southwestern ponderosa pine landscape. Ecology 86: 3030-3038. (Pubitemid 41677454)
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , Issue.11 , pp. 3030-3038
    • Brown, P.M.1    Wu, R.2
  • 90
    • 77949590805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire regimes, forest changes, and self-organization in an old-growth mixed conifer forest, Yosemite National Park, USA
    • Scholl AE, Taylor AH (2010) Fire regimes, forest changes, and self-organization in an old-growth mixed conifer forest, Yosemite National Park, USA. Ecological Applications 20: 363-380.
    • (2010) Ecological Applications , vol.20 , pp. 363-380
    • Scholl, A.E.1    Taylor, A.H.2
  • 92
    • 63149197878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire probability, fuel treatment effectiveness and ecological tradeoffs in western U.S. Public forests
    • Rhodes JJ, Baker WL (2008) Fire probability, fuel treatment effectiveness and ecological tradeoffs in western U.S. public forests. The Open Forest Science Journal 1: 1-7.
    • (2008) The Open Forest Science Journal , vol.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Rhodes, J.J.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 93
    • 84873714186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling high-severity fire, drought and climate change impacts on ponderosa pine regeneration
    • Feddema JJ, Mast JN, Savage M (2013) Modeling high-severity fire, drought and climate change impacts on ponderosa pine regeneration. Ecological Modeling 253 56-69.
    • (2013) Ecological Modeling , vol.253 , pp. 56-69
    • Feddema, J.J.1    Mast, J.N.2    Savage, M.3
  • 94
    • 0027525754 scopus 로고
    • Stand response to western spruce budworm and Douglas-fir bark beetle outbreaks, Colorado Front Range
    • Hadley KS, Veblen TT (1993) Stand response to western spruce budworm and Douglas-fir bark beetle outbreaks, Colorado Front Range. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23: 479-491.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.23 , pp. 479-491
    • Hadley, K.S.1    Veblen, T.T.2
  • 95
    • 0028065960 scopus 로고
    • The role of disturbance, topography, and forest structure in the development of a montane forest landscape
    • Hadley KS (1994) The role of disturbance, topography, and forest structure in the development of a montane forest landscape. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 121: 47-61.
    • (1994) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.121 , pp. 47-61
    • Hadley, K.S.1
  • 96
    • 77957723601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of historical logging and fire exclusion on ponderosa pine forest structure in the northern Rockies
    • Naficy C, Sala A, Keeling EG, Graham J, DeLuca TH (2010) Interactive effects of historical logging and fire exclusion on ponderosa pine forest structure in the northern Rockies. Ecological Applications 20: 1851-1864.
    • (2010) Ecological Applications , vol.20 , pp. 1851-1864
    • Naficy, C.1    Sala, A.2    Keeling, E.G.3    Graham, J.4    DeLuca, T.H.5
  • 97
    • 84881477058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical structure and composition of ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests in south-central Oregon
    • Hagmann RK, Franklin JF, Johnson KN (2013) Historical structure and composition of ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests in south-central Oregon. Forest Ecology and Management 304: 492-504.
    • (2013) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.304 , pp. 492-504
    • Hagmann, R.K.1    Franklin, J.F.2    Johnson, K.N.3
  • 98
    • 0000754098 scopus 로고
    • Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries
    • Pauly D (1995) Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10: 430.
    • (1995) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.10 , pp. 430
    • Pauly, D.1
  • 99
    • 0004266542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revegetation after four stand-replacing fires in the Tahoe Basin
    • Russell WH, McBride JR, Rowntree R (1998) Revegetation after four stand-replacing fires in the Tahoe Basin. Madrono 45: 40-46.
    • (1998) Madrono , vol.45 , pp. 40-46
    • Russell, W.H.1    McBride, J.R.2    Rowntree, R.3
  • 100
    • 8544259561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire-induced erosion and millennial-scale climate change in northern ponderosa pine forests
    • DOI 10.1038/nature03058
    • Pierce JL, Meyer GA, Jull AJT (2004) Fire-induced erosion and millennial-scale climate change in northern ponderosa pine forests. Nature 432: 87-90. (Pubitemid 39490830)
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , Issue.7013 , pp. 87-90
    • Pierce, J.L.1    Meyer, G.A.2    Timothy, J.A.J.3
  • 101
    • 39449112725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Holocene records of fire in alluvial fan sediments: Fire-climate relationships and implications for management of Rocky Mountain forests
    • Pierce JL, Meyer GA (2008) Late Holocene records of fire in alluvial fan sediments: fire-climate relationships and implications for management of Rocky Mountain forests. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17: 84-95.
    • (2008) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.17 , pp. 84-95
    • Pierce, J.L.1    Meyer, G.A.2
  • 102
    • 78650490581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly episodic fire and erosion regime over the past 2,000 y in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon
    • Colombaroli D, Gavin DG (2010) Highly episodic fire and erosion regime over the past 2,000 y in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107: 18909-18915.
    • (2010) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.107 , pp. 18909-18915
    • Colombaroli, D.1    Gavin, D.G.2
  • 103
    • 67749124345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 14,000 year sedimentary charcoal record of fire from the northern Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA
    • Beaty RM, Taylor AH (2009) A 14,000 year sedimentary charcoal record of fire from the northern Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe Basin, California, USA. The Holocene 19: 347-358.
    • (2009) The Holocene , vol.19 , pp. 347-358
    • Beaty, R.M.1    Taylor, A.H.2
  • 104
    • 78751569763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of fire and tephra deposition on forest vegetation in the central Cascades, Oregon
    • Long CJ, Power MJ, Bartlein PJ (2011) The effects of fire and tephra deposition on forest vegetation in the central Cascades, Oregon. Quaternary Research 75: 151-158.
    • (2011) Quaternary Research , vol.75 , pp. 151-158
    • Long, C.J.1    Power, M.J.2    Bartlein, P.J.3
  • 106
    • 39449100275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paired charcoal and tree-ring records of high-frequency Holocene fire from two New Mexico bog sites
    • DOI 10.1071/WF07165
    • Allen CD, Anderson RS, Jass RB, Toney JL, Baison CH (2008) Paired charcoal and tree-ring records of high-frequency Holocene fire from two New Mexico bog sites. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17: 115-130. (Pubitemid 351271437)
    • (2008) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-130
    • Allen, C.D.1    Anderson, R.S.2    Jass, R.B.3    Toney, J.L.4    Baisan, C.H.5
  • 107
    • 79951738134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Holocene geomorphic record of fire in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests, Kendrick Mountain, northern Arizona, USA
    • Jenkins SE, Sieg CH, Anderson DE, Kaufman DS, Pearthree PA (2011) Late Holocene geomorphic record of fire in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests, Kendrick Mountain, northern Arizona, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 20: 125-141.
    • (2011) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.20 , pp. 125-141
    • Jenkins, S.E.1    Sieg, C.H.2    Anderson, D.E.3    Kaufman, D.S.4    Pearthree, P.A.5
  • 108
    • 77954113551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing crown fire potential in coniferous forests of western North America: A critique of current approaches and recent simulation studies
    • Cruz MG, Alexander ME (2010) Assessing crown fire potential in coniferous forests of western North America: a critique of current approaches and recent simulation studies. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19: 377-398.
    • (2010) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.19 , pp. 377-398
    • Cruz, M.G.1    Alexander, M.E.2
  • 109
    • 0345565104 scopus 로고
    • Ogden UT: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Research Paper INT?309
    • Albini FA (1983) Potential spotting distance from wind-driven surface fires. Ogden UT: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Research Paper INT?309.
    • (1983) Potential Spotting Distance from Wind-driven Surface Fires
    • Albini, F.A.1
  • 110
    • 0019763943 scopus 로고
    • Fire behaviour
    • Gill AM, Groves RH, Noble IR, editors. Canberra: Austalian Academy of Science
    • Cheney NP (1981) Fire behaviour. In: Gill AM, Groves RH, Noble IR, editors. Fire and the Australian Biota. Canberra: Austalian Academy of Science. 151-175 p.
    • (1981) Fire and the Australian Biota , pp. 151-175
    • Cheney, N.P.1
  • 111
    • 79959310247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of fire interactions and mass fires
    • Finney MA, McAllister SS (2011) A review of fire interactions and mass fires. Journal of Combustion: 2011 Article ID 548328.
    • (2011) Journal of Combustion , vol.2011 , pp. 548328
    • Finney, M.A.1    McAllister, S.S.2
  • 112
    • 8644278736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the likelihood of crown fire occurrence in conifer forest stands
    • Cruz MG, Alexander ME, Wakimoto RH (2004) Modeling the likelihood of crown fire occurrence in conifer forest stands. Forest Science 50: 640-658. (Pubitemid 39569409)
    • (2004) Forest Science , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 640-658
    • Cruz, M.G.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Wakimoto, R.H.3
  • 113
    • 33645395731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American droughts of the mid-to-late nineteenth century: A history, simulation and implication for Medieval drought
    • Herweijer C, Seager R, Cook ER (2006) North American droughts of the mid-to-late nineteenth century: a history, simulation and implication for Medieval drought. Holocene 16: 159-171.
    • (2006) Holocene , vol.16 , pp. 159-171
    • Herweijer, C.1    Seager, R.2    Cook, E.R.3
  • 115
    • 84869221382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Native fire regimes and landscape resilience
    • McKenzie D, et al, editors. New York: Springer
    • Moritz MA, Hessburg PF, Povak NA (2011) Native fire regimes and landscape resilience. In: McKenzie D, et al, editors. The Landscape Ecology of Fire. New York: Springer. 51-86 p.
    • (2011) The Landscape Ecology of Fire , pp. 51-86
    • Moritz, M.A.1    Hessburg, P.F.2    Povak, N.A.3
  • 116
    • 0026314155 scopus 로고
    • Fire history along an elevational gradient in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon
    • Agee JK (1991) Fire history along an elevational gradient in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon. Northwest Science 65: 188-199.
    • (1991) Northwest Science , vol.65 , pp. 188-199
    • Agee, J.K.1
  • 117
    • 0032861977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term, landscape patterns of past fire events in a montane ponderosa pine forest of central Colorado
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1008137005355
    • Brown PM, Kaufmann MR, Shepperd WD (1999) Long-term, landscape patterns of past fire events in a montane ponderosa pine forest of central Colorado. Landscape Ecology 14: 513-532. (Pubitemid 29461830)
    • (1999) Landscape Ecology , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 513-532
    • Brown, P.M.1    Kaufmann, M.R.2    Shepperd, W.D.3
  • 118
    • 0033880608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Californian mixed-conifer forests under unmanaged fire regimes in the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00368.x
    • Minnich RA, Barbour MG, Burk JH, Sosa-Ramirez J (2000) Californian mixed-conifer forests under unmanaged fire regimes in the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Biogeography 27: 105-129. (Pubitemid 30597049)
    • (2000) Journal of Biogeography , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-129
    • Minnich, R.A.1    Barbour, M.G.2    Burk, J.H.3    Sosa-Ramirez, J.4
  • 119
    • 58849107065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area
    • Collins BM, Miller JD, Thode AE, Kelly M, van Wagtendonk JW, et al. (2009) Interactions among wildland fires in a long-established Sierra Nevada natural fire area. Ecosystems 12: 114-128.
    • (2009) Ecosystems , vol.12 , pp. 114-128
    • Collins, B.M.1    Miller, J.D.2    Thode, A.E.3    Kelly, M.4    Van Wagtendonk, J.W.5
  • 120
    • 84860912254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with the severity of intersecting fires in Yosemite National Park, California, USA
    • van Wagtendonk JW, van Wagtendonk KA, Thode AE (2012) Factors associated with the severity of intersecting fires in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. Fire Ecology 8: 11-32.
    • (2012) Fire Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 11-32
    • Van Wagtendonk, J.W.1    Van Wagtendonk, K.A.2    Thode, A.E.3
  • 121
    • 84867345032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-fire regeneration across a fire severity gradient in the southern Cascades
    • Crotteau JS, Varner JM III, Ritchie MW (2013) Post-fire regeneration across a fire severity gradient in the southern Cascades. Forest Ecology and Management 287: 103-112.
    • (2013) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.287 , pp. 103-112
    • Crotteau, J.S.1    Varner III, J.M.2    Ritchie, M.W.3
  • 122
    • 84902120919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsupported inferences of high-severity fire in historical dry forests of the western United States: Response to Williams and Baker
    • In press
    • Fulé PZ, Swetnam TW, Brown PM, Falk DA, Peterson DL, et al. (2013) Unsupported inferences of high-severity fire in historical dry forests of the western United States: response to Williams and Baker. Global Ecology and Biogeography. In press.
    • (2013) Global Ecology and Biogeography
    • Fulé, P.Z.1    Swetnam, T.W.2    Brown, P.M.3    Falk, D.A.4    Peterson, D.L.5
  • 125
    • 77955097169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire management for biodiversity conservation: Key research questions and our capacity to answer them
    • Driscoll DA, Lindenmayer DB, Bennett AF, Bode M, Bradstock RA, et al. (2010) Fire management for biodiversity conservation: key research questions and our capacity to answer them. Biological Conservation 143: 1928-1939.
    • (2010) Biological Conservation , vol.143 , pp. 1928-1939
    • Driscoll, D.A.1    Lindenmayer, D.B.2    Bennett, A.F.3    Bode, M.4    Bradstock, R.A.5
  • 126
    • 0027062153 scopus 로고
    • Effects of settlement and fire suppression on landscape structure
    • Baker WL (1992) Effects of settlement and fire suppression on landscape structure. Ecology 73: 1879-1887.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1879-1887
    • Baker, W.L.1
  • 127
    • 34247220438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avifaunal responses to fire in southwestern montane forests along a burn severity gradient
    • DOI 10.1890/06-0253
    • Kotliar NB, Kennedy PL, Ferree K (2007) Avifaunal responses to fire in southwestern montane forests along a burn severity gradient. Ecological Applications 17: 491-507. (Pubitemid 46607409)
    • (2007) Ecological Applications , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 491-507
    • Kotliar, N.B.1    Kennedy, P.L.2    Ferree, K.3
  • 128
    • 84905270679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex early seral forests of the Sierra Nevada: What are they and how can they be managed for ecological integrity?
    • In press
    • DellaSala DA, Bond ML, Hanson CT, Hutto RL, Odion DC (2013b) Complex early seral forests of the Sierra Nevada: what are they and how can they be managed for ecological integrity? Natural Areas Journal. In press.
    • (2013) Natural Areas Journal
    • DellaSala, D.A.1    Bond, M.L.2    Hanson, C.T.3    Hutto, R.L.4    Odion, D.C.5
  • 129
  • 131
    • 84969438943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both topography and climate affected forest and woodland burn severity in two regions of the western US, 1984 to 2006
    • Dillon GK, Holden ZA, Morgan P, Crimmins MA, Heyerdahl EK, et al. (2011) Both topography and climate affected forest and woodland burn severity in two regions of the western US, 1984 to 2006. Ecosphere 2: Article 130.
    • (2011) Ecosphere , vol.2 , pp. 130
    • Dillon, G.K.1    Holden, Z.A.2    Morgan, P.3    Crimmins, M.A.4    Heyerdahl, E.K.5
  • 134
    • 0000640997 scopus 로고
    • Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota
    • Heinselman ML (1973) Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quaternary Research 3: 329-382.
    • (1973) Quaternary Research , vol.3 , pp. 329-382
    • Heinselman, M.L.1
  • 135
    • 84858690807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can fuel-reduction treatments really increase forest carbon storage in the western US by reducing future fire emissions?
    • Campbell JL, Harmon ME, Mitchell SR (2012) Can fuel-reduction treatments really increase forest carbon storage in the western US by reducing future fire emissions? Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 10: 83-90.
    • (2012) Frontiers in Ecology and Environment , vol.10 , pp. 83-90
    • Campbell, J.L.1    Harmon, M.E.2    Mitchell, S.R.3
  • 136
    • 67650872995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of forest biomass carbon stocks and lessons from the world's most carbon-dense forests
    • Keith H, Mackey BG, Lindenmayer DB (2009) Re-evaluation of forest biomass carbon stocks and lessons from the world's most carbon-dense forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106: 11635-11640.
    • (2009) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.106 , pp. 11635-11640
    • Keith, H.1    Mackey, B.G.2    Lindenmayer, D.B.3
  • 137
    • 77949775108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest fire impacts on carbon uptake, storage, and emission: The role of burn severity in the eastern Cascades, Oregon
    • Meigs GW, Donato DC, Campbell JL, Martin JG, Law BE (2009) Forest fire impacts on carbon uptake, storage, and emission: the role of burn severity in the eastern Cascades, Oregon. Ecosystems 12: 1246-1267.
    • (2009) Ecosystems , vol.12 , pp. 1246-1267
    • Meigs, G.W.1    Donato, D.C.2    Campbell, J.L.3    Martin, J.G.4    Law, B.E.5
  • 138
    • 58749102998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire and forests in Northwestern Mexico: The United States wishes it had similar fire 'problems'
    • Stephens SL, Fry D, Franco-Vizcano E (2008) Wildfire and forests in Northwestern Mexico: the United States wishes it had similar fire 'problems'. Ecology and Society 13: 10.
    • (2008) Ecology and Society , vol.13 , pp. 10
    • Stephens, S.L.1    Fry, D.2    Franco-Vizcano, E.3
  • 140
    • 3743079334 scopus 로고
    • Western yellow pine in Oregon
    • Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, USDA Bulletin No. 418
    • Munger TT (1917) Western yellow pine in Oregon.USDA Bulletin No. 418. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, USDA Bulletin No. 418.
    • (1917) USDA Bulletin No. 418
    • Munger, T.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.