Neural dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome

Advances in Neuroimmune Biology

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 291-300

  Tanaka, Masaaki ^a   Ishii, Akira ^a   Watanabe, Yasuyoshi ^a,b  

^a OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^b RIKEN   (Japan)

Author keywords

Central sensitization; Chronic fatigue syndrome; Classical conditioning; Facilitation system; Inhibition system; neural dysfunction

Indexed keywords

CATECHOLAMINE;

ARTICLE; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONDITIONING; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DYSTHYMIA; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLAMMATION; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION; VISUOMOTOR COORDINATION;

EID: 84896774868     PISSN: 1878948X     EISSN: 18789498     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/NIB-130065     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, Sharpe MC, Dobbins JG, Komaroff A. The chronic fatigue syndrome: A comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121(12): 953-959
2. Price RK, North CS, Wessely S, Fraser VJ. Estimating the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome and associated symptoms in the community. Public Health Rep. 1992; 107(5): 514-522
3. Fukuda K, Dobbins JG, Wilson LJ, Dunn RA, Wilcox K, Smallwood D. An epidemiologic study of fatigue with relevance for the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychiatr Res. 1997; 31(1): 19-29
4. Steele L, Dobbins JG, Fukuda K, Reyes M, Randall B, Koppelman M, et al. The epidemiology of chronic fatigue in San Francisco. Am J Med. 1998; 105(3): 83-90
5. Jason LA, Richman JA, Rademaker AW, Jordan KM, Plioplys AV, Taylor RR, et al. A community-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(18): 2129-2137
6. Reyes M, Nisenbaum R, Hoaglin DC, Unger ER, Emmons C, Randall B, et al. Prevalence and incidence of chronic fatigue syndrome in Wichita, Kansas. Arch Intern Med. 2003; 163(13): 1530-1536
7. Kim CH, Shin HC, Won CW. Prevalence of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in Korea: Community-based primary care study. JKorean Med Sci. 2005; 20(4): 529-534
8. Savvidou S, Goulis J, Gantzarou A, Ilonidis G. Pneumobilia, chronic diarrhea, vitamin K malabsorption: A pathognomonic triad for cholecystocolonic fistulas.World J Gastroenterol. 2009; 15(32): 4077-4082
9. Cairns R, Hotopf M. A systematic review describing the prognosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Occup Med (Lond). 2005; 55(1): 20-31
10. Tanaka M, Watanabe Y. Anewhypothesis of chronic fatigue syndrome: Co-conditioning theory. Med Hypotheses. 2010; 75(2): 244-249. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.02.032
11. Tanaka M, Watanabe Y. Risk-management syndrome. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2012; 16(4): 312-315. doi: 10.3109/13651501.2011.653378
12. Tanaka M, Watanabe Y. Supraspinal regulation of physical fatigue. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012; 36(1): 727-734. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10. 004
13. Afari N, Buchwald D. Chronic fatigue syndrome: A review. Am J Psychiatry. 2003; 160(2): 221-236
14. Taylor JL, Butler JE, Allen GM, Gandevia SC. Changes in motor cortical excitability during human muscle fatigue. J Physiol. 1996; 490(2): 519-528
15. Taylor JL, Gandevia SC. A comparison of central aspects of fatigue in submaximal and maximal voluntary contractions. J Appl Physiol. 2008; 104(2): 542-550
16. Johnston J, Rearick M, Slobounov S.Movement-related cortical potentials associated with progressive muscle fatigue in a grasping task. Clin Neurophysiol. 2001; 112(1): 68-77
17. Liu JZ, Lewandowski B, Karakasis C, Yao B, Siemionow V, Sahgal V, et al. Shifting of activation center in the brain during muscle fatigue: An explanation of minimal central fatigue? Neuroimage. 2007; 35(1): 299-307
18. Dettmers C, Lemon RN, Stephan KM, Fink GR, Frackowiak RS. Cerebral activation during the exertion of sustained static force in man. Neuroreport. 1996; 7(13): 2103-2110
19. Korotkov A, Radovanovic S, Ljubisavljevic M, Lyskov E, Kataeva G, Roudas M, et al. Comparison of brain activation after sustained non-fatiguing and fatiguing muscle contraction: Apositron emission tomography study. Exp Brain Res. 2005; 163(1): 65-74
20. Liu JZ, Shan ZY, Zhang LD, Sahgal V, Brown RW, Yue GH. Human brain activation during sustained and intermittent submaximal fatigue muscle contractions: An FMRI study. J Neurophysiol. 2003; 90(1): 300-312
21. Benwell NM, Mastaglia FL, Thickbroom GW. Reduced functional activation after fatiguing exercise is not confined to primary motor areas. Exp Brain Res. 2006; 175(4): 575-583
22. Benwell NM, Mastaglia FL, Thickbroom GW. Changes in the functional MR signal in motor and non-motor areas during intermittent fatiguing hand exercise. Exp Brain Res. 2007; 182(1): 93-97
23. Post M, Steens A, Renken R, Maurits NM, Zijdewind I. Voluntary activation and cortical activity during a sustained maximal contraction: An fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2009; 30(3): 1014-1027. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20562
24. Alexander GE, Crutcher MD. Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: Neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci. 1990; 13(7): 266-271
25. Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Fatigue and basal ganglia. J Neurol Sci. 2001; 179(1-2): 34-42
26. Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Fatigue in neurological disorders. Lancet. 2004; 363(9413): 978-988
27. Desmond PA, Hancock PA. Active and passive fatigue states. In: Hancock PA, Desmond PA, editors. Stress, Workload, and Fatigue. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2001. p. 455-465
28. Matthews G, Desmond PA. Task-induced fatigue states and simulated driving performance. Q J Exp Psychol A. 2002; 55(2): 659-686
29. Mizuno K, Watanabe Y. Utility of an advanced trail making test as a neuropsychological tool for an objective evaluation of work efficiency during mental fatigue. In: Watanabe Y, Evengård B, Natelson BH, Jason LA, Kuratsune H, editors. Fatigue Science for Human Health. New York: Springer; 2007. p 47-54
30. Tanaka M, Mizuno K, Tajima S, Sasabe T, Watanabe Y. Central nervous system fatigue alters autonomic nerve activity. Life Sci. 2009; 84(7-8): 235-239. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.12.004
31. Tanaka M, Ishii A, Shigihara Y, Tajima S, Funakura M, Kanai E, Watanabe Y. Impaired selective attention caused by mental fatigue. J Neurol Sci (Turkish). 2012; 29(3): 542-553
32. ShigiharaY, Tanaka M, Ishii A, Tajima S, Kanai E, Funakura M, et al. Two different types of mental fatigue produce different styles of task performance. Neurol Psychiatr Brain Res. 2013; 9(1): 5-11. doi:10.1016/j.npbr.2012.07.002
33. Mezzacappa E, Kindlon D, Saul JP, Earls F. Executive and motivational control of performance task behavior, and autonomic heart-rate regulation in children: Physiologic validation of two-factor solution inhibitory control. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1998; 39(4): 525-531
34. Johnson SA, Yechiam E, Murphy RR, Queller S, Stout JC. Motivational processes and autonomic responsivity in Asperger's disorder: Evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2006; 12(5): 668-676
35. Boksem MA, Meijman TF, Lorist MM. Mental fatigue, motivation and action monitoring. Biol Psychol. 2006; 72(2): 123-132
36. Lopes Da Silva F. Neural mechanisms underlying brain waves: From neural membranes to networks. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991; 79(2): 81-93
37. Rinzel J, Terman D, Wang X, Ermentrout B. Propagating activity patterns in large-scale inhibitory neuronal networks. Science. 1998; 279(5355): 1351-1355
38. Shigihara Y, Tanaka M, Ishii A, Kanai E, Funakura M, Watanabe Y. Two types of mental fatigue affect spontaneous oscillatory brain activities in different ways. Behav Brain Funct. 2013; 9: 2. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-9-2
39. Boksem MA, Tops M. Mental fatigue: Costs and benefits. Brain Res Rev. 2008; 59(1): 125-139. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.07.001
40. Yanagisawa H, Dan I, Tsuzuki D, Kato M, Okamoto M, Kyutoku Y, et al. Acute moderate exercise elicits increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation and improves cognitive performance with Stroop test. Neuroimage. 2010; 50(4): 1702-1710. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.023
41. Filippi M, Rocca MA, Colombo B, Falini A, Codella M, Scotti G, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage. 2002; 15(3): 559-567
42. DeLange FP, Kalkman JS, Bleijenberg G, Hagoort P, van Der Werf SP, van Der Meer JW, et al. Neural correlates of the chronic fatigue syndrome-An fMRI study. Brain. 2004; 127(9): 1948-1957
43. Lange G, Steffener J, Cook DB, Bly BM, Christodoulou C, Liu WC, et al. Objective evidence of cognitive complaints in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A BOLD fMRI study of verbal working memory. Neuroimage. 2005; 26(2): 513-524
44. DeLuca J, Genova HM, Hillary FG, Wylie G. Neural correlates of cognitive fatigue in multiple sclerosis using functional MRI. J Neurol Sci. 2008; 270(1-2): 28-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.01.018
45. White AT, Lee JN, Light AR, Light KC. Brain activation in multiple sclerosis: A BOLD fMRI study of the effects of fatiguing hand exercise. Mult Scler. 2009; 15(5): 580-586. doi: 10.1177/1352458508100034
46. Sisto SA, LaManca J, Cordero DL, Bergen MT, Ellis SP, Drastal S, et al. Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of a progressive exercise test in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med. 1996; 100(6): 634-640
47. Gibson H, Carroll N, Clague JE, Edwards RH. Exercise performance and fatiguability in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993; 56(9): 993-998
48. Knoop H, Prins JB, Moss-Morris R, Bleijenberg G. The central role of cognitive processes in the perpetuation of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res. 2010; 68(5): 489-494. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.022
49. Caseras X, Mataix-Cols D, GiampietroV, Rimes KA, Brammer M, Zelaya F, et al. Probing the working memory system in chronic fatigue syndrome: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study using the n-back task. Psychosom Med. 2006; 68(6): 947-955
50. Cook DB, O'Connor PJ, Lange G, Steffener J. Functional neuroimaging correlates of mental fatigue induced by cognition among chronic fatigue syndrome patients and controls. Neuroimage. 2007; 36(1): 108-122
51. Kuratsune H, Yamaguti K, Lindh G, Evengård B, Hagberg G, Matsumura K, et al. Brain regions involved in fatigue sensation: Reduced acetylcarnitine uptake into the brain. Neuroimage. 2002; 17(3): 1256-1265
52. Siessmeier T, Nix WA, Hardt J, Schreckenberger M, Egle UT, Bartenstein P. Observer independent analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003; 74(7): 922-928
53. DeLange FP, Koers A, Kalkman JS, Bleijenberg G, Hagoort P, van Der Meer JW, et al. Increase in prefrontal cortical volume following cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain. 2008; 131(8): 2172-2180. doi: 10.1093/brain/awn140
54. Tirelli U, Chierichetti F, Tavio M, Simonelli C, Bianchin G, Zanco P, et al. Brain positron emission tomography (PET) in chronic fatigue syndrome: Preliminary data. Am J Med. 1998; 105(3): 54-58
55. Okada T, Tanaka M, Kuratsune H, Watanabe Y, Sadato N. Mechanisms underlying fatigue: A voxel-based morphometric study of chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Neurol. 2004; 4(1): 14
56. Yamamoto S, Ouchi Y, Onoe H, Yoshikawa E, Tsukada H, Takahashi H, et al. Reduction of serotonin transporters of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuroreport. 2004; 15(17): 2571-2574
57. Arnett SV, Alleva LM, Korossy-Horwood R, Clark IA. Chronic fatigue syndrome-A neuroimmunological model. Med Hypotheses. 2011; 77(1): 77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy. 2011.03.030
58. PallML.Elevated, sustained peroxynitrite levels as the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2000; 54(1): 115-125
59. Kennedy G, Spence VA, McLaren M, Hill A, Underwood C, Belch JJ. Oxidative stress levels are raised in chronic fatigue syndrome and are associated with clinical symptoms. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005; 39(5): 584-589
60. Robinson M, Gray SR, Watson MS, Kennedy G, Hill A, Belch JJ, et al. Plasma IL-6, its soluble receptors and F2-isoprostanes at rest and during exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010; 20(2): 282-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00895.x
61. Shungu DC, Weiduschat N, Murrough JW, Mao X, Pillemer S, Dyke JP, et al. Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome. III. Relationships to cortical glutathione and clinical symptoms implicate oxidative stress in disorder pathophysiology. NMR Biomed. 2012; 25(9): 1073-1087. doi: 10.1002/nbm.2772
62. Silverman MN, Heim CM, Nater UM, Marques AH, Sternberg EM. Neuroendocrine and immune contributors to fatigue. PM R. 2010; 2(5): 338-346. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj. 2010.04.008
63. Johnson JD, Campisi J, Sharkey CM, Kennedy SL, Nickerson M, Greenwood BN, Fleshner M. Catecholamines mediate stress-induced increases in peripheral and central inflammatory cytokines. Neuroscience. 2005; 135(4): 1295-1307
64. Bierhaus A, Wolf J, Andrassy M, Rohleder N, Humpert PM, Petrov D, et al. A mechanism converting psychosocial stress into mononuclear cell activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(4): 1920-1925
65. Tanaka M, Nakamura F, Mizokawa S, Matsumura A, Nozaki S, Watanabe Y. Establishment and assessment of a rat model of fatigue. Neurosci Lett. 2003; 352(3): 159-162
66. Mizokawa S, Tanaka M, Matsumura A, Nozaki S, Watanabe Y. Recovery from fatigue: Changes in local brain 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose utilization measured by autoradiography and in brain monoamine levels of rat. Neurosci Lett. 2003; 353(3): 169-172
67. Tanaka M, Watanabe Y. Reduced energy utilization in the brain is a feature of an animal model of fatigue. Int J Neurosci. 2008; 118(5): 683-692. doi: 10.1080/ 00207450701242974
68. Miller AH, Maletic V, Raison CL. Inflammation and its discontents: The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2009; 65(9): 732-741. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029
69. Rhen T, Cidlowski JA. Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids-new mechanisms for old drugs. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353(16): 1711-1723
70. Miller GE, Chen E, Sze J, Marin T, Arevalo JM, Doll R, Ma R, Cole SW. A functional genomic fingerprint of chronic stress in humans: Blunted glucocorticoid and increased NFkappaB signaling. Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 64(4): 266-272. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.017
71. Tanaka M, Watanabe Y. Neural compensation mechanisms to regulate motor output during physical fatigue. Brain Res. 2011; 1395: 46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.04.041
72. Tanaka M, Shigihara Y, Funakura M, Kanai E, Watanabe Y. Fatigue-Associated alterations of cognitive function and electroencephalographic power densities. PLoS One. 2012; 7(4): 34774. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034774
73. Tanaka M, Shigihara Y, Ishii A, Funakura M, Kanai E, Watanabe Y. Effect of mental fatigue on the central nervous system: An electroencephalography study. Behav Brain Funct. 2012; 8: 48. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-8-48
74. Mizuno K, Tanaka M, Yamaguti K, Kajimoto O, Kuratsune H, Watanabe Y. Mental fatigue caused by prolonged cognitive load associated with sympathetic hyperactivity. Behav Brain Funct. 2011; 7: 17. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-7-17
75. Tanaka M, Mizuno K, Yamaguti K, Kuratsune H, Fujii A, Baba H, et al. Autonomic nervous alterations associated with daily level of fatigue. Behav Brain Funct. 2011; 7: 46. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-7-46
76. Lipton P. Ischemic cell death in brain neurons. Physiol Rev. 1999; 79(4): 1431-1568
77. Gandevia SC, Allen GM, Butler JE, Taylor JL. Supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue: Evidence for suboptimal output from the motor cortex. J Physiol. 1996; 490 (2): 529-536
78. Tsutsumi K, Tanaka M, Shigihara Y, Watanabe Y. Central regulation of physical fatigue via mirror visual feedback. Eur J Sport Sci. 2011; 11(3): 171-175
79. Ramachandran VS, Rogers-Ramachandran D, Cobb S. Touching the phantom limb. Nature. 1995; 377(6549): 489-490
80. Ramachandran VS, Rogers-Ramachandran D. Synaesthesia in phantom limbs induced with mirrors. Proc Biol Sci. 1996; 263(1369): 377-386
81. Ramachandran VS, Altschuler EL. The use of visual feedback, in particular mirror visual feedback, in restoring brain function. Brain. 2009; 132(7): 1693-1710. doi: 10.1093/brain/awp135
82. Wolpert DM, Ghahramani Z. Computational principles of movement neuroscience. Nat Neurosci. 2000; 3: 1212-1217
83. JeannerodM.The mechanism of self-recognition in humans. Behav Brain Res. 2003; 142(1-2): 1-15
84. Tanaka M, ShigiharaY,WatanabeY. Central inhibition regulates motor output during physical fatigue. Brain Res. 2011; 1412: 37-43. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.021
85. Liu JZ, Yao B, Siemionow V, Sahgal V, Wang X, Sun J, Yue GH. Fatigue induces greater brain signal reduction during sustained than preparation phase of maximal voluntary contraction. Brain Res. 2005; 1057(1-2): 113-126
86. Liu JZ, Zhang L, Yao B, Sahgal V, Yue GH. Fatigue induced by intermittent maximal voluntary contractions is associated with significant losses in muscle output but limited reductions in functional MRI-measured brain activation level. Brain Res. 2005; 1040(1-2): 44-54
87. Peltier SJ, LaConte SM, Niyazov DM, Liu JZ, Sahgal V, Yue GH, Hu XP. Reductions in interhemispheric motor cortex functional connectivity after muscle fatigue. Brain Res. 2005; 1057(1-2): 10-16
88. Hilty L, Jancke L, Luechinger R, Boutellier U, Lutz K. Limitation of physical performance in a muscle fatiguing handgrip exercise is mediated by thalamo-insular activity. Hum Brain Mapp. 2011; 32(12): 2151-2160. doi: 10.1002/ hbm.21177
89. Jouanin JC, Pérès M, Ducorps A, Renault B. A dynamic network involving M1-S1, SII-insular, medial insular, and cingulate cortices controls muscular activity during an isometric contraction reaction time task. Hum Brain Mapp. 2009; 30(2): 675-688. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20534
90. Price DD. Central neural mechanisms that interrelate sensory and affective dimensions of pain. Mol Interv. 2002; 2(6): 392-403, 339
91. Kuner R. Central mechanisms of pathological pain. Nat Med. 2010; 16(11): 1258-1266. doi: 10.1038/nm.2231
92. Katafuchi T. Conditioning of fatigue and serotonin system. Mol Med. 2004; 41: 1264-1268 (In Japanese
93. Ishii A, Tanaka M, Iwamae M, Kim C, Yamano E, Watanabe Y. Fatigue sensation induced by the sounds associated with mental fatigue and its related neural activities: Revealed by magnetoencephalography. Behav Brain Funct. In press
94. Tanaka M, Sadato N, Okada T, Mizuno K, Sasabe T, Tanabe HC, et al. Reduced responsiveness is an essential feature of chronic fatigue syndrome: A fMRI study. BMC Neurol. 2006; 6: 9
95. Butler S, Chalder T, Ron M, Wessely S. Cognitive behaviour therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1991; 54(2): 153-158
96. Deale A, Chalder T, Marks I, Wessely S. Cognitive behavior therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 1997; 154(3): 408-414
97. Chambers D, Bagnall AM, Hempel S, Forbes C. Interventions for the treatment, management and rehabilitation of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: An updated systematic review. J R Soc Med. 2006; 99(10): 506-520
98. Prins JB, van Der Meer JW, Bleijenberg G. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet. 2006; 367(9507): 346-355
99. Wolpe J. The systematic desensitization treatment of neuroses. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1961; 132: 189-203
100. Wood PB, Holman AJ, Jones KD. Novel pharmacotherapy for fibromyalgia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007; 16(6): 829-841
101. Sumpton JE, Moulin DE. Fibromyalgia: Presentation and management with a focus on pharmacological treatment. Pain Res Manag. 2008; 13(6): 477-483
102. Goldenberg DL, Simms RW, Geiger A, Komaroff AL. High frequency of fibromyalgia in patients with chronic fatigue seen in a primary care practice. Arthritis Rheum. 1990; 33(3): 381-387
103. Hudson JI, Goldenberg DL, Pope HG Jr, Keck PE Jr, Schlesinger L. Comorbidity of fibromyalgia with medical and psychiatric disorders. Am JMed. 1992; 92(4): 363-367
104. Buchwald D, Garrity D. Comparison of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and multiple chemical sensitivities. Arch Intern Med. 1994; 154(18): 2049-2053
105. WhiteKP, SpeechleyM, Harth M, Ostbye T. Co-existence of chronic fatigue syndrome with fibromyalgia syndrome in the general population. A controlled study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2000; 29(1): 44-51
106. Meeus M, Nijs J. Central sensitization: A biopsychosocial explanation for chronic widespread pain in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2007; 26(4): 465-473
107. Varela F, Lachaux JP, Rodriguez E, Martinerie J. The brainweb: Phase synchronization and large-scale integration. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001; 2(4): 229-239
108. Bassett DS, Bullmore ET. Human brain networks in health and disease. Curr Opin Neurol. 2009; 22(4): 340-347. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e32832d93dd.