Peer Rejection in Childhood: Social Groups, Rejection Sensitivity, and Solitude

The Handbook of Solitude: Psychological Perspectives on Social Isolation, Social Withdrawal, and Being Alone

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 129-149

  Nesdale, Drew ^a   Zimmer Gembeck, Melanie J ^a  

^a GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

group membership; rejection; rejection sensitivity; social withdrawal; solitude

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896761580     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (84)

1. Abrams, D., Rutland, A., & Cameron, L. (2003). The development of subjective group dynamics: Children's judgments of normative and deviant in-group and out-group individuals. Child Development, 74, 1840-1856.
2. Abrams, D., Rutland, A., Cameron, L., & Marques, J. M. (2003). The development of subjective group dynamics: When in-group bias gets specific. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21, 155-176.
3. Anthonysamy, A., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2007). Peer status and the behaviors of maltreated children and their classmates in the early years of school. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31, 971-991.
4. Ayduk, O., Downey, G., & Kim, M. (2001). Rejection sensitivity and depressive symptoms in women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 868-877.
5. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529.
6. Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (1990). Anxiety and social exclusion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 169-195.
7. Baumeister, R. F., Twenge, J., & Nuss, C. K. (2002). Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: Anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 817-827.
8. Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 59-73.
9. Bierman, K. L. (2004). Peer rejection. New York: Guildford Press.
10. Bigler, R. S. (1995). The role of classification skill in moderating environmental influences on children's gender stereotyping: A study of the functional use of gender in the classroom. Child Development, 66, 1072-1087.
11. Bigler, R. S., Jones, L. C., & Lobliner, D. B. (1997). Social categorization and the formation of intergroup attitudes in children. Child Development, 68, 530-543.
12. Boiven, M., & Hymel, S. (1997). Peer experiences and social self-perceptions: A sequential model. Developmental Psychology, 33, 135-145.
13. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
14. Brown, C. S., & Bigler, R. S. (2004). Children's perceptions of gender discrimination. Developmental Psychology, 40, 714-726.
15. Cadwallader, T. W. (2001). Sociometry reconsidered: The social context of peer rejection in childhood. International Journal of Action Method: Psychodrama, Skill Training, and Role Playing, 53, 99-118.
16. Cillessen, A. H. N., & Mayeux, L. (2004). Sociometric status and peer group behavior: Previous findings and current directions. In J. B. Kupersmidt & K. A. Dodge (Eds.), Children’s peer relations (pp. 3-20). Washington, DC: American Medical Association.
17. Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., & Kupersmidt, J. B. (1990). Peer group behavior and social status. In S. R. Asher & J. D. Coie. (Eds.), Peer rejection in childhood. Cambridge Studies in Social and Emotional Development (pp. 17-59). New York: Cambridge University Press.
18. Coplan, R. J., Closson, L. M., & Arbeau, K. A. (2007). Gender differences in the behavioral associates of loneliness and social dissatisfaction in kindergarten. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 988-995.
19. Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social-information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74-101.
20. Dodge, K. A. (1980). Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior. Child Development, 51, 162-170.
21. Dodge, K. A., & Coie, J. D. (1987). Social-information processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1146-1158.
22. Dodge, K. A., & Feldman, E. (1990). Issues in social cognition and sociometric status. In S. R. Asher & J. D. Coie (Eds.), Peer rejection in childhood: Origins, consequences, and intervention (pp. 119-155). New York: Cambridge University Press.
23. Dodge, K. A., Lansford, J. E., Burks, V. S., Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S., Fontaine, R., et al. (2003). Peer rejection and social information processing factors in the development of aggressive behavior problems in children. Child Development, 74, 374-393.
24. Downey, G., Bonica, C., & Rincon, C. (1999). Rejection sensitivity and adolescent romantic relationships. In W Furman, B. Bradford Brown, & C. Feiring (Eds.), The development of romantic relationships in adolescence (pp. 148-174). New York: Cambridge University Press.
25. Downey, G., Feldman, S., & Ayduk, O. (2000). Rejection sensitivity and male violence in romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 7, 45-61.
26. Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1327-1343.
27. Downey, G., Freitas, A. L., Michaelis, B., & Khouri, H. (1998). The self-fulfilling prophecy in close relationships: Rejection sensitivity and rejection by romantic partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 545-560.
28. Downey, G., Lebolt, A., Rincon, C., & Freitas, A. L. (1998). Rejection sensitivity and children's interpersonal difficulties. Child Development, 69, 1074-1091.
29. Duffy, A., & Nesdale, D. (2010). Group norms, intra-group position and children's bullying intentions. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10, 1740-1756.
30. Durkin, K. (1995). Developmental social psychology: From infancy to old age. Oxford: Blackwell.
31. Feldman, S., & Downey G. (1994). Rejection sensitivity as a mediator of the impact of childhood exposure to family violence on adult attachment behavior. Developmental and Psychopathology, 6, 231-247.
32. Hymel, S., Rubin, K. H., Rowden, L., & Le Mare, L. (1990). Children's peer relationships: Longitudinal prediction of internalizing and externalizing problems from middle to late childhood. Child development, 61, 2004-2021.
33. Jones, D. C., Abbey B. B., & Cumberland, A. (1998). The development of display rule knowledge: Linkages with family expressiveness and social competence. Child Development, 69(4), 1209-1222.
34. Leary, M. R. (1990). Responses to social exclusion: Social anxiety, jealousy, loneliness, depression, and low self-esteem. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 221-229.
35. Leary M.R. (2001). Toward a conceptualization of interpersonal rejection. In M. R. Leary (Ed.), Interpersonal rejection (pp. 3-20). New York: Oxford University Press.
36. Levy, S. R., Ayduk, O., & Downey G. (2001). The role of rejection sensitivity in people's relationships with significant others and valued social groups. In M. R. Leary (Ed.), Interpersonal rejection (pp. 251-289). New York: Oxford University Press.
37. London, B., Downey, G., Bonica, C., & Paltin, I. (2007). Social causes and consequences of rejection sensitivity Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17, 481-506.
38. McDougall, P., Hymel, S., Vaillancourt, T., & Mercer, L. (2001). The consequences of childhood peer rejection. In M. R. Leary (Ed.), Interpersonal rejection (pp. 213-247). New York: Oxford University Press.
39. McLachlan, J., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & McGregor, L. (2010). Rejection sensitivity in childhood and early adolescence: Peer rejection and protective effects of parents and friends. Journal of Relationships Research, 1, 31-40.
40. Miller, N. E. (1948). Theory and experiment relating psychoanalytic displacement to stimulus-response generalization. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 43, 155-178.
41. Nangle, D. W, Erdley, C. A., & Gold, J. A. (1996). A reflection on the popularity construct: The importance of who likes or dislikes a child. Behavior Therapy, 27, 337-352.
42. Nelson D., & Crick, N. R. (1999). Rose-colored glasses: Examining the social information processing of prosocial young adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19, 17-38.
43. Nesdale, D. (1999). Developmental changes in children's ethnic preferences and social cognitions. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20, 501-519.
44. Nesdale, D. (2001). Development of prejudice in children. In M. Augoustinos & K. Reynolds (Eds.), Understanding the psychology of prejudice and racism (pp. 57-72). London: Sage.
45. Nesdale, D. (2007). Children's perceptions of social groups. In J. A. Zebrowski (Ed.), New research on social perception (pp. 1-46). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
46. Nesdale, D. (2008). Peer group rejection and children's intergroup prejudice: Experimental studies. In S. Levy & M. Killen (Eds.), Intergroup attitudes and relations in childhood through adulthood (pp. 32-46). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
47. Nesdale, D., & Brown, K. (2004). Children's attitudes towards an atypical member of an ethnic in-group. InternationalJournal of Behavioral Development, 28, 328-335.
48. Nesdale, D., & Duffy, A. (2011). Social identity, social group rejection and young children's reactive and proactive aggression. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29, 823-841.
49. Nesdale, D., Durkin, K., Maass, A., & Griffiths, J. (2004). Group status, out-group ethnicity, and children's ethnic attitudes. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 237-251.
50. Nesdale, D., Durkin, K., Maass, A., & Griffiths, J. (2005a). Threat, group identification, and children's ethnic prejudice. Social Development, 14, 189-205.
51. Nesdale, D., Durkin, K., Maass, A., Kiesner, J., Griffiths, J., Daly, J., et al. (2010). Peer group rejection and children's out-group prejudice. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 134-144.
52. Nesdale, A. R., & Flesser, D. (2001). Social identity and the development of children's group attitudes. Child Development, 72, 506-517.
53. Nesdale, D., Griffiths, J., Durkin, K., & Maass, A. (2005b). Empathy, group norms and children's ethnic attitudes. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 26, 623-637.
54. Nesdale, D., & Lambert, A. (2007). Effects of experimentally-manipulated peer rejection, on children's negative affect, self-esteem, and maladaptive social behavior. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 115-122.
55. Nesdale, D., & Lambert, A. (2008). Effects of experimentally-induced peer group rejection on children's risk-taking behavior. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 5, 19-38.
56. Nesdale, D., & Lawson, M. J. (2011). Social groups and children's intergroup attitudes: Can school norms moderate the effects of social group norms? Child Development, 82, 1594-1606.
57. Nesdale, D., Maass, A., Durkin, K., & Griffiths, J. (2005 c). Group norms, threat and children's ethnic prejudice. Child Development, 76, 1-12.
58. Nesdale, D., Maass, A., Griffiths, J., & Durkin, K. (2003). Effects of in-group and out-group ethnicity on children's attitudes towards members of the in-group and out-group. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21, 177-192.
59. Nesdale, D., Maass, A., Kiesner, J., Durkin, K., & Griffiths, J. (2008). Effects of group norms on children's intentions to bully. Social Development, 17, 889-907.
60. Nesdale, D., Maass, A., Kiesner, J., Durkin, K., Griffiths, J., & Ekberg, A. (2007). Effects of peer group rejection, group membership, and group norms, on children's out-group prejudice [Special issue: Social Identity and Intergroup Attitudes in Children and Adolescents]. InternationalJournal of Behavioral Development, 31, 526-535.
61. Nesdale, D., Maass, A., Kiesner, J., Durkin, K., Griffiths, J., & James, B. (2009). Effects of peer group rejection and a new group's norms on children's intergroup attitudes. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27, 783-797.
62. Nesdale, D., & Pelyhe, H. (2009). Effects of peer rejection on children: Social anxiety, selfesteem, and attitudes towards the in-group and out-group. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 6, 294-317.
63. Nesdale, D., Zimmer-Gembeck, M.J., & Roxburgh, N. (in press). Peer group rejection in childhood: Effects of rejection ambiguity, rejection sensitivity, and social acumen. Journal of Social Issues.
64. Ojala, K., & Nesdale, D. (2004). Bullying as a group process: The effects of group norms and distinctiveness threat on attitudes towards bullying. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22, 19-35.
65. Ojala, K., & Nesdale, D. (2012). Group belongingness and intra- and intergroup attitudes in children. Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
66. Petherick, J., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2006). Attachment patterns during year 12: Rejection sensitivity loneliness, social competence, and support as correlates of stability and change. Australian Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 23, 65-86.
67. Rubin, K., Bukowski, W., & Parker, J. G. (2006). Peers, relationships and interactions. In W Damon, R. Lerner, & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 3. Social emotional and personality development (6th ed., pp. 571-645). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
68. Rubin, K. H., Coplan, R. J., & Bowker, J. C. (2009). Social withdrawal in childhood. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 141-171.
69. Sanders, J. B. P., Smith, P. K., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2009, August). Cyberbullies: Their motives, characteristics, and types of bullying. Paper presented at fourteenth European Conference on Developmental Psychology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
70. Sandstrom, M. J., Cillesen, A. H. N., & Eisenhower, A. (2004). Children's appraisal of peer rejection experiences: Impact on social and emotional adjustment. Social Development, 12, 530-550.
71. Sandstrom, M. J., & Zakriski, A. L. (2004). Understanding the experience of peer rejection. In J. B. Kupersmidt & K. A. Dodge (Eds.), Children’s peer relations. From development to intervention. Decade of behavior (pp. 101-118). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
72. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey CA: Brooks/Cole.
73. Verkuyten, M. (2007). Ethnic in-group favoritism among minority and majority groups: Testing the self-esteem hypothesis among pre-adolescents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 486-500.
74. Watson, J., & Nesdale, D. (2012). Rejection sensitivity, social withdrawal, and loneliness in young adults. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, 1984-2005.
75. Williams, K. D. (2001). Ostracism. New York: Guildford Press.
76. Williams, K. D., Cheung, C. K. T., & Choi, W. (2000). CyberOstracism: Effects of being ignored over the internet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 748-762.
77. Yee, M. D., & Brown, R. J. (1992). Self-evaluations and intergroup attitudes in children aged three to nine. Child Development, 63, 619-629.
78. Zakriski, A. K., & Coie, J. D. (1996). A comparison of aggressive-rejected and nonaggressive-rejected children's interpretations of self-directed and other-directed rejection. Child Development, 67, 1048-1070.
79. Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Geiger, T. A., & Crick, N. R. (2005). Relational and physical aggression, prosocial behavior, and peer relations: Gender moderation and bidirectional associations. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25, 421-452.
80. Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Hunter, T. A., Waters, A. M., & Pronk, R. (2009). Depression as a longitudinal outcome and antecedent of young adolescents' peers relationships and peer-relevant cognition. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 555-577.
81. Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Nesdale, D. (2013). Anxious and angry rejection sensitivity, social withdrawal and retribution in high and low ambiguous situations. Journal of Personality, 81, 29-38.
82. Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Vickers, C. (2007). Romantic experiences and depressive symptoms: Testing the intensifying roles of rejection sensitivity and relationship commitment. In Z. J. Pearce (Ed.), Proceedings of the APS relationships interest group (pp. 112-117). Melbourne: Australian Psychological Society.
83. Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Waters, A. M., & Kindermann, T. (2010). A social relations analysis of liking for and by peers: Associations with gender, depression, peer perception, and worry. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 69-81.
84. Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Wright, J. L. (2007). Rejection sensitivity and romantic attachment orientation are associated with parental psychological control. In R. S. Grenell (Ed.), Adolescent behavior research studies (pp. 121-139). New York: Nova Science Publishers.