메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2014, Pages

Interleukin-33 Increases Antibacterial Defense by Activation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Skin

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 33; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; PROTEIN KINASE B; STAT3 PROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2;

EID: 84895767962     PISSN: 15537366     EISSN: 15537374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003918     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 27744446058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines
    • Schmitz J, Owyang A, Oldham E, Song Y, Murphy E, et al. (2005) IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines. Immunity 23: 479-490.
    • (2005) Immunity , vol.23 , pp. 479-490
    • Schmitz, J.1    Owyang, A.2    Oldham, E.3    Song, Y.4    Murphy, E.5
  • 2
    • 33846101552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-33, the IL-1-like cytokine ligand for ST2 receptor, is a chromatin-associated nuclear factor in vivo
    • Carriere V, Roussel L, Ortega N, Lacorre DA, Americh L, et al. (2007) IL-33, the IL-1-like cytokine ligand for ST2 receptor, is a chromatin-associated nuclear factor in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 282-287.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , pp. 282-287
    • Carriere, V.1    Roussel, L.2    Ortega, N.3    Lacorre, D.A.4    Americh, L.5
  • 3
    • 53249093714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mimicry between IL-33 and KSHV for attachment to chromatin through the H2A-H2B acidic pocket
    • Roussel L, Erard M, Cayrol C, Girard JP, (2008) Molecular mimicry between IL-33 and KSHV for attachment to chromatin through the H2A-H2B acidic pocket. EMBO Rep 9: 1006-1012.
    • (2008) EMBO Rep , vol.9 , pp. 1006-1012
    • Roussel, L.1    Erard, M.2    Cayrol, C.3    Girard, J.P.4
  • 4
    • 53749093767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IL-1-like cytokine IL-33 is constitutively expressed in the nucleus of endothelial cells and epithelial cells in vivo: a novel 'alarmin
    • Moussion C, Ortega N, Girard JP, (2008) The IL-1-like cytokine IL-33 is constitutively expressed in the nucleus of endothelial cells and epithelial cells in vivo: a novel 'alarmin'? PLoS One 3: e3331.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3
    • Moussion, C.1    Ortega, N.2    Girard, J.P.3
  • 5
    • 67049158193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IL-1-like cytokine IL-33 is inactivated after maturation by caspase-1
    • Cayrol C, Girard JP, (2009) The IL-1-like cytokine IL-33 is inactivated after maturation by caspase-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106: 9021-9026.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 9021-9026
    • Cayrol, C.1    Girard, J.P.2
  • 6
    • 68249137289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of interleukin-33 bioactivity through proteolysis by apoptotic caspases
    • Luthi AU, Cullen SP, McNeela EA, Duriez PJ, Afonina IS, et al. (2009) Suppression of interleukin-33 bioactivity through proteolysis by apoptotic caspases. Immunity 31: 84-98.
    • (2009) Immunity , vol.31 , pp. 84-98
    • Luthi, A.U.1    Cullen, S.P.2    McNeela, E.A.3    Duriez, P.J.4    Afonina, I.S.5
  • 7
    • 36749067367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-1 receptor accessory protein is essential for IL-33-induced activation of T lymphocytes and mast cells
    • Ali S, Huber M, Kollewe C, Bischoff SC, Falk W, et al. (2007) IL-1 receptor accessory protein is essential for IL-33-induced activation of T lymphocytes and mast cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 18660-18665.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , pp. 18660-18665
    • Ali, S.1    Huber, M.2    Kollewe, C.3    Bischoff, S.C.4    Falk, W.5
  • 8
    • 34848886843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: The ST2 ligand IL-33 potently activates and drives maturation of human mast cells
    • Allakhverdi Z, Smith DE, Comeau MR, Delespesse G, (2007) Cutting edge: The ST2 ligand IL-33 potently activates and drives maturation of human mast cells. J Immunol 179: 2051-2054.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.179 , pp. 2051-2054
    • Allakhverdi, Z.1    Smith, D.E.2    Comeau, M.R.3    Delespesse, G.4
  • 9
    • 75549087056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease-associated functions of IL-33: the new kid in the IL-1 family
    • Liew FY, Pitman NI, McInnes IB, (2010) Disease-associated functions of IL-33: the new kid in the IL-1 family. Nat Rev Immunol 10: 103-110.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 103-110
    • Liew, F.Y.1    Pitman, N.I.2    McInnes, I.B.3
  • 10
    • 84864145383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-33 and the function of innate lymphoid cells
    • Mirchandani AS, Salmond RJ, Liew FY, (2012) Interleukin-33 and the function of innate lymphoid cells. Trends Immunol 33: 389-396.
    • (2012) Trends Immunol , vol.33 , pp. 389-396
    • Mirchandani, A.S.1    Salmond, R.J.2    Liew, F.Y.3
  • 11
    • 84857768885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of IL-33-activated type II innate lymphoid cells to pulmonary eosinophilia in intestinal nematode-infected mice
    • Yasuda K, Muto T, Kawagoe T, Matsumoto M, Sasaki Y, et al. (2012) Contribution of IL-33-activated type II innate lymphoid cells to pulmonary eosinophilia in intestinal nematode-infected mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109: 3451-3456.
    • (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.109 , pp. 3451-3456
    • Yasuda, K.1    Muto, T.2    Kawagoe, T.3    Matsumoto, M.4    Sasaki, Y.5
  • 12
    • 84881018391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-33 promotes Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound healing in mice
    • Yin H, Li X, Hu S, Liu T, Yuan B, et al. (2013) IL-33 promotes Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound healing in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 17: 432-438.
    • (2013) Int Immunopharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 432-438
    • Yin, H.1    Li, X.2    Hu, S.3    Liu, T.4    Yuan, B.5
  • 13
    • 35349019173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States
    • Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, Petit S, Gershman K, et al. (2007) Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA 298: 1763-1771.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 1763-1771
    • Klevens, R.M.1    Morrison, M.A.2    Nadle, J.3    Petit, S.4    Gershman, K.5
  • 14
    • 79960845616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunity against Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infections
    • Miller LS, Cho JS, (2011) Immunity against Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infections. Nat Rev Immunol 11: 505-518.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.11 , pp. 505-518
    • Miller, L.S.1    Cho, J.S.2
  • 15
    • 77951861324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-17 is essential for host defense against cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice
    • Cho JS, Pietras EM, Garcia NC, Ramos RI, Farzam DM, et al. (2010) IL-17 is essential for host defense against cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. J Clin Invest 120: 1762-1773.
    • (2010) J Clin Invest , vol.120 , pp. 1762-1773
    • Cho, J.S.1    Pietras, E.M.2    Garcia, N.C.3    Ramos, R.I.4    Farzam, D.M.5
  • 16
    • 77953622206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus aureus stimulates neutrophil targeting chemokine expression in keratinocytes through an autocrine IL-1alpha signaling loop
    • Olaru F, Jensen LE, (2010) Staphylococcus aureus stimulates neutrophil targeting chemokine expression in keratinocytes through an autocrine IL-1alpha signaling loop. J Invest Dermatol 130: 1866-1876.
    • (2010) J Invest Dermatol , vol.130 , pp. 1866-1876
    • Olaru, F.1    Jensen, L.E.2
  • 17
    • 79959425182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of neutrophil function by interleukin-18 therapy protects burn-injured mice from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Kinoshita M, Miyazaki H, Ono S, Inatsu A, Nakashima H, et al. (2011) Enhancement of neutrophil function by interleukin-18 therapy protects burn-injured mice from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun 79: 2670-2680.
    • (2011) Infect Immun , vol.79 , pp. 2670-2680
    • Kinoshita, M.1    Miyazaki, H.2    Ono, S.3    Inatsu, A.4    Nakashima, H.5
  • 18
    • 42149179961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-33, a potent inducer of adaptive immunity to intestinal nematodes
    • Humphreys NE, Xu D, Hepworth MR, Liew FY, Grencis RK, (2008) IL-33, a potent inducer of adaptive immunity to intestinal nematodes. J Immunol 180: 2443-2449.
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.180 , pp. 2443-2449
    • Humphreys, N.E.1    Xu, D.2    Hepworth, M.R.3    Liew, F.Y.4    Grencis, R.K.5
  • 19
    • 0028900805 scopus 로고
    • Intraislet release of interleukin 1 inhibits beta cell function by inducing beta cell expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase
    • Corbett JA, McDaniel ML, (1995) Intraislet release of interleukin 1 inhibits beta cell function by inducing beta cell expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Exp Med 181: 559-568.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.181 , pp. 559-568
    • Corbett, J.A.1    McDaniel, M.L.2
  • 20
    • 0028566361 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene by interleukin-1 beta in rat vascular endothelial cells
    • Kanno K, Hirata Y, Imai T, Iwashina M, Marumo F, (1994) Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene by interleukin-1 beta in rat vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 267: H2318-2324.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.267
    • Kanno, K.1    Hirata, Y.2    Imai, T.3    Iwashina, M.4    Marumo, F.5
  • 21
    • 70449475108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-33 induces angiogenesis and vascular permeability through ST2/TRAF6-mediated endothelial nitric oxide production
    • Choi YS, Choi HJ, Min JK, Pyun BJ, Maeng YS, et al. (2009) Interleukin-33 induces angiogenesis and vascular permeability through ST2/TRAF6-mediated endothelial nitric oxide production. Blood 114: 3117-3126.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.114 , pp. 3117-3126
    • Choi, Y.S.1    Choi, H.J.2    Min, J.K.3    Pyun, B.J.4    Maeng, Y.S.5
  • 22
    • 0027273290 scopus 로고
    • Release of nitric oxide during the T cell-independent pathway of macrophage activation. Its role in resistance to Listeria monocytogenes
    • Beckerman KP, Rogers HW, Corbett JA, Schreiber RD, McDaniel ML, et al. (1993) Release of nitric oxide during the T cell-independent pathway of macrophage activation. Its role in resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. J Immunol 150: 888-895.
    • (1993) J Immunol , vol.150 , pp. 888-895
    • Beckerman, K.P.1    Rogers, H.W.2    Corbett, J.A.3    Schreiber, R.D.4    McDaniel, M.L.5
  • 23
    • 0025191159 scopus 로고
    • Activated macrophages destroy intracellular Leishmania major amastigotes by an L-arginine-dependent killing mechanism
    • Green SJ, Meltzer MS, Hibbs JB Jr, Nacy CA, (1990) Activated macrophages destroy intracellular Leishmania major amastigotes by an L-arginine-dependent killing mechanism. J Immunol 144: 278-283.
    • (1990) J Immunol , vol.144 , pp. 278-283
    • Green, S.J.1    Meltzer, M.S.2    Hibbs Jr., J.B.3    Nacy, C.A.4
  • 24
    • 80054893711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observational prospective study of topical acidified nitrite for killing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in contaminated wounds
    • Ormerod AD, Shah AA, Li H, Benjamin NB, Ferguson GP, et al. (2011) An observational prospective study of topical acidified nitrite for killing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in contaminated wounds. BMC Res Notes 4: 458.
    • (2011) BMC Res Notes , vol.4 , pp. 458
    • Ormerod, A.D.1    Shah, A.A.2    Li, H.3    Benjamin, N.B.4    Ferguson, G.P.5
  • 25
    • 30544444128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune evasion by staphylococci
    • Foster TJ, (2005) Immune evasion by staphylococci. Nat Rev Microbiol 3: 948-958.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 948-958
    • Foster, T.J.1
  • 26
    • 74949140425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When two is better than one: macrophages and neutrophils work in concert in innate immunity as complementary and cooperative partners of a myeloid phagocyte system
    • Silva MT, (2010) When two is better than one: macrophages and neutrophils work in concert in innate immunity as complementary and cooperative partners of a myeloid phagocyte system. J Leukoc Biol 87: 93-106.
    • (2010) J Leukoc Biol , vol.87 , pp. 93-106
    • Silva, M.T.1
  • 27
    • 0030997435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granules of the human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte
    • Borregaard N, Cowland JB, (1997) Granules of the human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Blood 89: 3503-3521.
    • (1997) Blood , vol.89 , pp. 3503-3521
    • Borregaard, N.1    Cowland, J.B.2
  • 28
    • 17644377258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How neutrophils kill microbes
    • Segal AW, (2005) How neutrophils kill microbes. Annu Rev Immunol 23: 197-223.
    • (2005) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 197-223
    • Segal, A.W.1
  • 29
    • 84874218279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophils and macrophages: the main partners of phagocyte cell systems
    • Silva MT, Correia-Neves M, (2012) Neutrophils and macrophages: the main partners of phagocyte cell systems. Front Immunol 3: 174.
    • (2012) Front Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 174
    • Silva, M.T.1    Correia-Neves, M.2
  • 30
    • 84883822124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different Members of the IL-1 Family Come Out in Different Ways: DAMPs vs. Cytokines
    • Carta S, Lavieri R, Rubartelli A, (2013) Different Members of the IL-1 Family Come Out in Different Ways: DAMPs vs. Cytokines? Front Immunol 4: 123.
    • (2013) Front Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 123
    • Carta, S.1    Lavieri, R.2    Rubartelli, A.3
  • 31
    • 79955040263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The danger signal, extracellular ATP, is a sensor for an airborne allergen and triggers IL-33 release and innate Th2-type responses
    • Kouzaki H, Iijima K, Kobayashi T, O'Grady SM, Kita H, (2011) The danger signal, extracellular ATP, is a sensor for an airborne allergen and triggers IL-33 release and innate Th2-type responses. J Immunol 186: 4375-4387.
    • (2011) J Immunol , vol.186 , pp. 4375-4387
    • Kouzaki, H.1    Iijima, K.2    Kobayashi, T.3    O'Grady, S.M.4    Kita, H.5
  • 33
    • 58149300244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-33 induces antigen-specific IL-5+ T cells and promotes allergic-induced airway inflammation independent of IL-4
    • Kurowska-Stolarska M, Kewin P, Murphy G, Russo RC, Stolarski B, et al. (2008) IL-33 induces antigen-specific IL-5+ T cells and promotes allergic-induced airway inflammation independent of IL-4. J Immunol 181: 4780-4790.
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.181 , pp. 4780-4790
    • Kurowska-Stolarska, M.1    Kewin, P.2    Murphy, G.3    Russo, R.C.4    Stolarski, B.5
  • 34
    • 77953185426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-33 attenuates sepsis by enhancing neutrophil influx to the site of infection
    • Alves-Filho JC, Sonego F, Souto FO, Freitas A, Verri WA Jr, et al. (2010) Interleukin-33 attenuates sepsis by enhancing neutrophil influx to the site of infection. Nat Med 16: 708-712.
    • (2010) Nat Med , vol.16 , pp. 708-712
    • Alves-Filho, J.C.1    Sonego, F.2    Souto, F.O.3    Freitas, A.4    Verri Jr., W.A.5
  • 36
    • 34249314802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of gaseous nitric oxide in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections
    • Ghaffari A, Jalili R, Ghaffari M, Miller C, Ghahary A, (2007) Efficacy of gaseous nitric oxide in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. Wound Repair Regen 15: 368-377.
    • (2007) Wound Repair Regen , vol.15 , pp. 368-377
    • Ghaffari, A.1    Jalili, R.2    Ghaffari, M.3    Miller, C.4    Ghahary, A.5
  • 37
    • 30344437904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential application of gaseous nitric oxide as a topical antimicrobial agent
    • Ghaffari A, Miller CC, McMullin B, Ghahary A, (2006) Potential application of gaseous nitric oxide as a topical antimicrobial agent. Nitric Oxide 14: 21-29.
    • (2006) Nitric Oxide , vol.14 , pp. 21-29
    • Ghaffari, A.1    Miller, C.C.2    McMullin, B.3    Ghahary, A.4
  • 38
    • 0029869730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human dermal fibroblasts produce nitric oxide and express both constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoforms
    • Wang R, Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Scott PG, Tredget EE, (1996) Human dermal fibroblasts produce nitric oxide and express both constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoforms. J Invest Dermatol 106: 419-427.
    • (1996) J Invest Dermatol , vol.106 , pp. 419-427
    • Wang, R.1    Ghahary, A.2    Shen, Y.J.3    Scott, P.G.4    Tredget, E.E.5
  • 39
    • 0028658374 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide produced by human B lymphocytes inhibits apoptosis and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation
    • Mannick JB, Asano K, Izumi K, Kieff E, Stamler JS, (1994) Nitric oxide produced by human B lymphocytes inhibits apoptosis and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. Cell 79: 1137-1146.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 1137-1146
    • Mannick, J.B.1    Asano, K.2    Izumi, K.3    Kieff, E.4    Stamler, J.S.5
  • 40
    • 0026569273 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase from mouse macrophages
    • Xie QW, Cho HJ, Calaycay J, Mumford RA, Swiderek KM, et al. (1992) Cloning and characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase from mouse macrophages. Science 256: 225-228.
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 225-228
    • Xie, Q.W.1    Cho, H.J.2    Calaycay, J.3    Mumford, R.A.4    Swiderek, K.M.5
  • 41
    • 0029162814 scopus 로고
    • The killing of Leishmania major by human macrophages is mediated by nitric oxide induced after ligation of the Fc epsilon RII/CD23 surface antigen
    • Vouldoukis I, Riveros-Moreno V, Dugas B, Ouaaz F, Becherel P, et al. (1995) The killing of Leishmania major by human macrophages is mediated by nitric oxide induced after ligation of the Fc epsilon RII/CD23 surface antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92: 7804-7808.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.92 , pp. 7804-7808
    • Vouldoukis, I.1    Riveros-Moreno, V.2    Dugas, B.3    Ouaaz, F.4    Becherel, P.5
  • 43
    • 84878026466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of GSK3beta by ERK mediates lipopolysaccharide induced cell migration in macrophage through beta-catenin signaling
    • Gong K, Zhou F, Huang H, Gong Y, Zhang L, (2012) Suppression of GSK3beta by ERK mediates lipopolysaccharide induced cell migration in macrophage through beta-catenin signaling. Protein Cell 3: 762-768.
    • (2012) Protein Cell , vol.3 , pp. 762-768
    • Gong, K.1    Zhou, F.2    Huang, H.3    Gong, Y.4    Zhang, L.5
  • 44
    • 71549150339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commensal bacteria regulate Toll-like receptor 3-dependent inflammation after skin injury
    • Lai Y, Di Nardo A, Nakatsuji T, Leichtle A, Yang Y, et al. (2009) Commensal bacteria regulate Toll-like receptor 3-dependent inflammation after skin injury. Nat Med 15: 1377-1382.
    • (2009) Nat Med , vol.15 , pp. 1377-1382
    • Lai, Y.1    Di Nardo, A.2    Nakatsuji, T.3    Leichtle, A.4    Yang, Y.5
  • 45
    • 84864301912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antimicrobial protein REG3A regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation after skin injury
    • Lai Y, Li D, Li C, Muehleisen B, Radek KA, et al. (2012) The antimicrobial protein REG3A regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation after skin injury. Immunity 37: 74-84.
    • (2012) Immunity , vol.37 , pp. 74-84
    • Lai, Y.1    Li, D.2    Li, C.3    Muehleisen, B.4    Radek, K.A.5
  • 46
    • 77649271201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages (BMM): Isolation and Applications
    • Weischenfeldt J, Porse B, (2008) Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages (BMM): Isolation and Applications. CSH Protoc 2008pdb prot5080.
    • (2008) CSH Protoc , vol.2008
    • Weischenfeldt, J.1    Porse, B.2
  • 47
    • 0029940262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial effect of acidified nitrite on gut pathogens: importance of dietary nitrate in host defense
    • Dykhuizen RS, Frazer R, Duncan C, Smith CC, Golden M, et al. (1996) Antimicrobial effect of acidified nitrite on gut pathogens: importance of dietary nitrate in host defense. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40: 1422-1425.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.40 , pp. 1422-1425
    • Dykhuizen, R.S.1    Frazer, R.2    Duncan, C.3    Smith, C.C.4    Golden, M.5
  • 48
    • 0006690125 scopus 로고
    • A New Modification and Application of the Gram Stain
    • Hucker GJ, (1921) A New Modification and Application of the Gram Stain. J Bacteriol 6: 395-397.
    • (1921) J Bacteriol , vol.6 , pp. 395-397
    • Hucker, G.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.