Corticomedullary differentiation and maturational arrest in thymomas

Histopathology

Volumn 64, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 557-566

  Ströbel, Philipp ^a   Hartmann, Elena ^b   Rosenwald, Andreas ^b   Kalla, Jörg ^c   Ott, German ^c   Friedel, Godehard ^c   Schalke, Berthold ^d   Kasahara, Masanori ^e   Tomaru, Utano ^e   Marx, Alexander ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

^c ROBERT BOSCH HOSPITAL   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF REGENSBURG   (Germany)

^e HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^f UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Classification; Cortex; Differentiation; Medulla; Stem cell; Thymoma; Thymus

Indexed keywords

CLASSIFICATION; CORTEX; DIFFERENTIATION; MEDULLA; STEM CELL; THYMOMA; THYMUS;

ANTIGENS, CD40; CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL LINEAGE; CLAUDIN-4; EPITHELIAL CELLS; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; KERATIN-10; NEOPLASMS, GLANDULAR AND EPITHELIAL; NEOPLASTIC STEM CELLS; THYMOMA; THYMUS NEOPLASMS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84895069436     PISSN: 03090167     EISSN: 13652559     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/his.12279     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Buckley C, Douek D, Newsom-Davis J, Vincent A, Willcox N. Mature, long-lived CD4 + and CD8 + T cells are generated by the thymoma in myasthenia gravis. Ann. Neurol. 2001; 50; 64-72.
2. Strobel P, Helmreich M, Menioudakis G et al. Paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis correlates with generation of mature naive CD4(+) T cells in thymomas. Blood 2002; 100; 159-166.
3. Müller-Hermelink HK, Engel P, Kuo TT et al. Tumours of the thymus: Introduction. In Travis MD, Brambilla E, Müller-Hermelink HK, Harris CC eds. World Health Organization classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the lung, thymus and heart. Lyon: IARC Press, 2004; 145-151.
4. Marino M, Muller-Hermelink HK. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma. Relation of thymoma epithelial cells to the cortical and medullary differentiation of thymus. Virchows Archiv. A Pathol. Anat. Histopathol. 1985; 407; 119-149.
5. Muller-Hermelink HK, Marino M, Palestro G, Schumacher U, Kirchner T. Immunohistological evidences of cortical and medullary differentiation in thymoma. Virchows Archiv. A Pathol. Anat. Histopathol. 1985; 408; 143-161.
6. Strobel P, Murumagi A, Klein R et al. Deficiency of the autoimmune regulator AIRE in thymomas is insufficient to elicit autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS-1). J. Pathol. 2007; 211; 563-571.
7. Bleul CC, Corbeaux T, Reuter A, Fisch P, Monting JS, Boehm T. Formation of a functional thymus initiated by a postnatal epithelial progenitor cell. Nature 2006; 441; 992-996.
8. Rossi SW, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G, Jenkinson EJ. Clonal analysis reveals a common progenitor for thymic cortical and medullary epithelium. Nature 2006; 441; 988-991.
9. Anderson G, Jenkinson EJ, Rodewald HR. A roadmap for thymic epithelial cell development. Eur. J. Immunol. 2009; 39; 1694-1699.
10. Boehm T. The adaptive phenotype of cortical thymic epithelial cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2009; 39; 944-947.
11. Shakib S, Desanti GE, Jenkinson WE, Parnell SM, Jenkinson EJ, Anderson G. Checkpoints in the development of thymic cortical epithelial cells. J. Immunol. 2009; 182; 130-137.
12. White AJ, Nakamura K, Jenkinson WE et al. Lymphotoxin signals from positively selected thymocytes regulate the terminal differentiation of medullary thymic epithelial cells. J. Immunol. 2010; 185; 4769-4776.
13. Jiang W, Swiggard WJ, Heufler C et al. The receptor DEC-205 expressed by dendritic cells and thymic epithelial cells is involved in antigen processing. Nature 1995; 375; 151-155.
14. Ripen AM, Nitta T, Murata S, Tanaka K, Takahama Y. Ontogeny of thymic cortical epithelial cells expressing the thymoproteasome subunit beta5t. Eur. J. Immunol. 2011; 41; 1278-1287.
15. Tomaru U, Ishizu A, Murata S et al. Exclusive expression of proteasome subunit {beta}5t in the human thymic cortex. Blood 2009; 113; 5186-5191.
16. Murata S, Sasaki K, Kishimoto T et al. Regulation of CD8 + T cell development by thymus-specific proteasomes. Science 2007; 316; 1349-1353.
17. Yamada Y, Tomaru U, Ishizu A et al. Expression of proteasome subunit beta5t in thymic epithelial tumors. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2011; 35; 1296-1304.
18. Luther C, Wienhold W, Oehlmann R, Heinemann MK, Melms A, Tolosa E. Alternatively spliced transcripts of the thymus-specific protease PRSS16 are differentially expressed in human thymus. Genes Immun. 2005; 6; 1-7.
19. Gommeaux J, Gregoire C, Nguessan P et al. Thymus-specific serine protease regulates positive selection of a subset of CD4 + thymocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 2009; 39; 956-964.
20. Tolosa E, Li W, Yasuda Y et al. Cathepsin V is involved in the degradation of invariant chain in human thymus and is overexpressed in myasthenia gravis. J. Clin. Invest. 2003; 112; 517-526.
21. Sevenich L, Hagemann S, Stoeckle C, Tolosa E, Peters C, Reinheckel T. Expression of human cathepsin L or human cathepsin V in mouse thymus mediates positive selection of T helper cells in cathepsin L knock-out mice. Biochimie 2010; 92; 1674-1680.
22. Small M, Kraal G. In vitro evidence for participation of DEC-205 expressed by thymic cortical epithelial cells in clearance of apoptotic thymocytes. Int. Immunol. 2003; 15; 197-203.
23. Akiyama T, Shimo Y, Yanai H et al. The tumor necrosis factor family receptors RANK and CD40 cooperatively establish the thymic medullary microenvironment and self-tolerance. Immunity 2008; 29; 423-437.
24. Farr AG, Dooley JL, Erickson M. Organization of thymic medullary epithelial heterogeneity: implications for mechanisms of epithelial differentiation. Immunol. Rev. 2002; 189; 20-27.
25. Heino M, Peterson P, Kudoh J et al. Autoimmune regulator is expressed in the cells regulating immune tolerance in thymus medulla. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1999; 257; 821-825.
26. Hikosaka Y, Nitta T, Ohigashi I et al. The cytokine RANKL produced by positively selected thymocytes fosters medullary thymic epithelial cells that express autoimmune regulator. Immunity 2008; 29; 438-450.
27. Hamazaki Y, Fujita H, Kobayashi T et al. Medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing Aire represent a unique lineage derived from cells expressing claudin. Nat. Immunol. 2007; 8; 304-311.
28. Ichimiya S, Kojima T. Cellular networks of human thymic medullary stromas coordinated by p53-related transcription factors. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2006; 54; 1277-1289.
29. Yano M, Kuroda N, Han H et al. Aire controls the differentiation program of thymic epithelial cells in the medulla for the establishment of self-tolerance. J. Exp. Med. 2008; 205; 2827-2838.
30. Nishikawa Y, Hirota F, Yano M et al. Biphasic Aire expression in early embryos and in medullary thymic epithelial cells before end-stage terminal differentiation. J. Exp. Med. 2010; 207; 963-971.
31. Bockman DE. Myoid cells in adult human thymus. Nature 1968; 218; 286-287.
32. Patel DD, Whichard LP, Radcliff G, Denning SM, Haynes BF. Characterization of human thymic epithelial cell surface antigens: phenotypic similarity of thymic epithelial cells to epidermal keratinocytes. J. Clin. Immunol. 1995; 15; 80-92.
33. Gray DH, Seach N, Ueno T et al. Developmental kinetics, turnover, and stimulatory capacity of thymic epithelial cells. Blood 2006; 108; 3777-3785.
34. Derbinski J, Kyewski B. Linking signalling pathways, thymic stroma integrity and autoimmunity. Trends Immunol. 2005; 26; 503-506.
35. Strobel P, Chuang WY, Chuvpilo S et al. Common cellular and diverse genetic basis of thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis: role of MHC class II and AIRE genes and genetic polymorphisms. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2008; 1132; 143-156.
36. Strobel P, Helmreich M, Kalbacher H, Muller-Hermelink HK, Marx A. Evidence for distinct mechanisms in the shaping of the CD4 T cell repertoire in histologically distinct myasthenia gravis-associated thymomas. Dev. Immunol. 2001; 8; 279-290.
37. Willcox N, Schluep M, Ritter MA, Schuurman HJ, Newsom-Davis J, Christensson B. Myasthenic and nonmyasthenic thymoma. An expansion of a minor cortical epithelial cell subset? Am. J. Pathol. 1987; 127; 447-460.
38. Zettl A, Strobel P, Wagner K et al. Recurrent genetic aberrations in thymoma and thymic carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 2000; 157; 257-266.
39. Inoue M, Starostik P, Zettl A et al. Correlating genetic aberrations with World Health Organization-defined histology and stage across the spectrum of thymomas. Cancer Res. 2003; 63; 3708-3715.
40. Strobel P, Hohenberger P, Marx A. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma: molecular pathology and targeted therapy. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2010; 5; S286-S290.
41. Nonaka D, Rosai J. Is there a spectrum of cytologic atypia in type A thymomas analogous to that seen in type B thymomas? A pilot study of 13 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2012; 36; 889-894.